Page 1 USM 36 Technical Reference and Operating Manual...
Page 2 This issue 2 (12/2013) applies to the following software version: 4.00 (August 2013) You will find the software version and the serial number of your instrument on the second operating level (CONFIG1 - ABOUT) © GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies GmbH | Technical content subject to change without notice.
Page 3 First operating level (Base) To change between the first and the second operating level press Home key for 2 seconds. USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 4: First Operating Level (Options)
First operating level (Options) To change between the first and the second operating level press Home key for 2 seconds. Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 5: Second Operating Level
Second operating level USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 6: Second Operating Level (Continued)
Second operating level (continued) Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 7: Status Display Icons
Status display icons Icon Meaning Icon Meaning SD memory card is inserted, Angle-beam probe 30° … 90°, flat surface, flashes when the SD card is accessed Reflection from the backwall Freeze active (Freeze), Angle-beam probe 30°, curved surface, Display is „frozen“. Reflection from the inner surface of tube Magnify gate is active Angle-beam probe 80°, curved surface,...
Page 8: Power Level Indicators
Power level indicators Icon Meaning Battery charge level, remaining operating time in hours (approximate value) Charger/power adaptor is connected, percentage of battery charge level (approximate value) Warning: Low battery charge level, remaining operating time in minutes (approximate value) Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 9: Keypad Functions
Keypad functions Left rotary knob for direct gain adjustments Selection keys, for selecting and confirming, for Zoom (long key press) Right rotary knob, for selection of function group or function, changing settings A-Scan freeze direct access key Programmable function keys F1 … F4, alternatively navigation keys, (second operation level, function group CONFIG3) Home key for exit from function group or function,...
Page 10 0-10 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 11: Table Of Contents
Contents Overview Technical test requirements ... 1-5 Limits of testing ..... 1-5 First operating level (Base).
Page 12 Contents Standard package and accessories Principles of operation 2.1 Standard package ....2-2 4.1 Overview of operator's controls ..4-2 2.2 Add-on functions .
Page 13 Contents Functions of the second operating level . 4-12 Operation 4.5 Important default settings ..4-13 5.1 Overview of the functions ... 5-2 Language setting .
Page 14 Contents PRF MODE (pulse repetition frequency) 5-16 5.8 Calibrating the USM 36 ... . . 5-28 Calibrating the display range..5-28 5.6 Setting the receiver (function group RECEIVER).
Page 15 Contents THICKNESS ..... . 5-46 5.17 General setup ....5-73 X VALUE.
Page 16 Contents Deleting the DAC curve ... . . 5-98 Activating the CNDAC....5-113 Editing DAC points ....5-98 Recording a DAC curve .
Page 17 Contents Using multiple DGS curves..5-130 Editing a header file ....6-14 Turning the DGS evaluation off ..5-131 Including a header file in the test report .
Page 18 Charging the batteries....7-3 Appendix 7.3 Maintenance ..... . 7-3 9.1 Function directory.
Page 19 Contents 10 Specifications 10.1 Specifications of USM 36 ... 10-2 Display screen ....10-2 Display .
Page 20 0-20 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 21: Introduction
Introduction USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 22: Safety Information
The USM 36 is waterproof according to IP66. It can be If you have any questions about the use of your test operated either with the corresponding lithium-ion bat- equipment, please contact your nearest GE representa- teries or with the charger/power adaptor. The charger/ tive.
Page 23: Defects/Errors And Exceptional Stresses
Safety information 1 Introduction Defects/errors and exceptional stresses FCC compliance If you have reason to believe that a safe operation of This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Op- your USM 36 is no longer possible, you have to discon- eration is subject to the following two conditions: nect the instrument and secure it against unintentional This device may not cause harmful interference.
Page 24: Important Information On Ultrasonic
NDT societies or organizations in your country are: (DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or also GE, for information on the existing opportunities for training of ● Operator training ultrasonic inspectors as well as on the qualifications and ●...
Page 25: Technical Test Requirements
GE regularly holds specialized training courses in the Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement field of ultrasonic testing. The scheduled dates for these courses will be given to you on request.
Page 26: Effect Of The Test Object Material
1 Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing of importance for high-precision measurements. In oth- Effect of temperature variations er materials, e.g. nonferrous metals or plastics, the The sound velocity within the test object also varies as sound velocity variations may be even larger and thus a function of the material's temperature.
Page 27: Ultrasonic Evaluation Of Flaws
Important information on ultrasonic testing 1 Introduction Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws Echo display comparison method In present-day test practice, there are basically two dif- The echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smaller ferent methods of flaw evaluation: than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g. cir- cular disc flaw of the same size.
Page 28 1 Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. This sound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made of fine- grained steel, likewise in many small parts made of oth- er materials. However, if the sound wave travels larger distances through the material, a high cumulative sound attenuation can result, even with small attenuation coef- ficients.
Page 29: The Usm 36
The USM 36 1 Introduction 1.3 The USM 36 The USM 36 is a lightweight and compact ultrasonic flaw detector which is especially suitable for: ● for locating and evaluating material flaws, ● for measuring wall thicknesses, ● for saving and documenting test results. USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 30 1 Introduction The USM 36 Due to its design, the USM 36 can be used in most flaw Inspection of composites detection applications in a wide range of industries, in- ● RF display cluding aerospace, power generation, automotive, as well as oil and gas. These include: ●...
Page 31: Options
The USM 36 1 Introduction Options USM 36 S ● DAC amplitude evaluation using up to 16 points ac- Various options extend the basic functions of the cording to EN 1712, EN 1713, EN 1714, ASTM 164, USM 36 and can be enabled by a code in each case. ASME, and ASME III, in conformity with JIS Z3060, GB 11345 USM 36...
Page 32: Special Features Of The Usm 36
1 Introduction The USM 36 Special features of the USM 36 ● easily perceptible reflection geometry when using an- gle-beam probes due to changing A-scan or back- ● lightweight ground color at every reflection point ● dust-tight and waterproof housing according to IP66 ●...
Page 33: How To Use This Manual
How to use this manual 1 Introduction 1.4 How to use this manual 1.5 Layout and presentation in this manual This operating manual applies to all instrument versions of the USM 36. Any differences in the functions or ad- To make it easier for you to use this manual, all operat- justment values are marked in each case.
Page 34: Listings
1 Introduction Layout and presentation in this manual Listings Listings are presented in the following form: ● Variant A ● Variant B ● ... Operating steps Operating steps appear as shown in the following exam- ple: – Loosen the two screws at the bottom. –...
Page 35: Standard Package And Accessories
Standard package and accessories USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 36: Standard Package
2 Standard package and accessories Standard package 2.1 Standard package Product code Description Order number Ultrasonic testing kit consisting of: USM 36 Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, basic version with Lemo-1 connectors 37 400 with BNC connectors 37 401 USM 36 DAC Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC version, DAC/TCG, AWS, SWP, with Lemo-1 connectors...
Page 37 Standard package 2 Standard package and accessories Product code Description Order number USM 36 S Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC/TCG and DGS evaluation, DAC/TCG, AWS, SWP, DGS, PPRF, BEA, 3GATE, DL, with Lemo-1 connectors 37 462 with BNC connectors 37 463 LI-ION Li-Ion battery, 11.25 V, 8.8 Ah 113 393...
Page 38: Add-On Functions
2 Standard package and accessories Add-on functions 2.2 Add-on functions Product code Description Order number DAC/TCG Echo evaluation method DAC, JISDAC, CNDAC, TCG 021-383-397 Echo evaluation method DGS 021-383-398 Echo evaluation method AWS D1.1 021-383-402 Square-wave pulser 021-383-400 PPRF Phantom echo detector 021-383-401 Backwall echo attenuation 022-510-546...
Page 39: Recommended Accessories
Recommended accessories 2 Standard package and accessories 2.3 Recommended accessories Product code Description Order number DR36 Battery charger for external charging of the Li-Ion battery 35 297 UM 32 Protection bag including neck strap 35 655 UM 25 Analog cable, 8pol. Lemo (Instrument), 35 268 free cable ends for user UM 31...
Page 40 2 Standard package and accessories Recommended accessories Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 41: Initial Start-Up
Initial start-up USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 42: Instrument Positioning
3 Initial start-up Instrument positioning 3.1 Instrument positioning 3.2 Power supply Fold out the prop-up stand on the rear side of the The USM 36 can be operated either with an external USM 36 and position the instrument on a flat base so charger/power adaptor or with the corresponding lithi- that you can easily read the display.
Page 43 Power supply 3 Initial start-up Connecting the instrument Connect the USM 36 to the mains socket-outlet by means of the corresponding charger/power adaptor. The socket-contact for connecting the charger/power adaptor is located on the top of the USM 36. – Loosen the knurled screw (1) and remove the cover. –...
Page 44: Operation Using A Battery
3 Initial start-up Power supply Operation using a battery You should only use the supplied lithium-ion battery for the battery operation. Inserting batteries The battery compartment is located on the rear of the in- strument. The cover is fastened with two locks. –...
Page 45 Power supply 3 Initial start-up – Place the battery in the battery compartment so that the marking faces upwards and the contacts are pushed against the connector pins (2). – Insert the cover of the battery compartment with the side opposite to the locks at first, and push the lugs into the housing recesses.
Page 46 3 Initial start-up Power supply Checking the charge level of the lithium-ion battery The lithium-ion battery is provided with a battery charge level indicator. Four light-emitting diodes (1) indicate the level of battery charge. Check the battery charge level before inserting it into the instrument. The number of diodes that are lit up has the following meaning: ●...
Page 47 Power supply 3 Initial start-up Power level indicator The USM 36 is automatically powered off if the opera- tion is no longer ensured. All settings are retained during The USM 36 is equipped with a power level indicator battery exchange and are immediately available again that allows to estimate the remaining operating time of afterwards.
Page 48: Charging The Batteries
3 Initial start-up Power supply Charging the batteries Charging status The LED on the charger/power adaptor indicates the You can charge the lithium-ion batteries either directly status of charging. within the instrument or in an external charger. off: Charger/power adaptor is not con- nected to the power supply Internal charging yellow steady light: Charger/power adaptor is not con-...
Page 49: Connecting A Probe
Connecting a probe 3 Initial start-up 3.3 Connecting a probe Both connector sockets are equally suitable (connected in parallel) for connecting probes equipped with only one ultrasonic element (ultrasonic transducer) so that it To prepare the USM 36 for operation, you have to con- does not matter which one of the two sockets is used.
Page 50: Inserting The Sd Memory Card
3 Initial start-up Inserting the SD memory card 3.4 Inserting the SD memory card You can use any standard SD memory card in the USM 36. – Loosen the knurled screw (1) and remove the cover. – Insert the SD memory card into the card slot (2) so that the contacts of the card face the instrument rear panel.
Page 51: Starting The Usm 36
Starting the USM 36 3 Initial start-up 3.5 Starting the USM 36 Powering On To start the USM 36, press the power On/Off key (1) briefly. The software is initialized. After that, the start display showing the name of the instrument and information on the software, serial number, and the installed options will appear.
Page 52: Factory Default Setting (Reset)
3 Initial start-up Starting the USM 36 Factory default setting (Reset) If you can no longer use the functions of your instrument or if the instrument no longer reacts as expected, you can reset it to the factory default settings. Any data saved to the SD card will be retained, all other individual settings, e.g.
Page 53: Principles Of Operation
Principles of operation USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 54: Overview Of Operator's Controls
4 Principles of operation Overview of operator's controls 4.1 Overview of operator's controls Left-hand rotary knob: Changing the gain level in increments Selector keys: Selecting the setting to be changed, saving the setting, Zoom (long press of the key) Right-hand rotary knob: Selecting the function group or function, changing the setting Freeze key: Freezing the A-scan Function keys F1 to F4: user-assignable, can be...
Page 55: Display Screen
Display screen 4 Principles of operation 4.2 Display screen A-scan display in the zoom mode A-scan representation The USM 36 has a high-resolution display screen for the display of the A-scan. A-scan display in the normal mode The gain and the adjusted dB step value are always shown in the top left corner of the display screen.
Page 56: Functions On The Display Screen
4 Principles of operation Display screen Functions on the display screen Functions On the first operating level, the functions of the currently selected function group are shown on the left of the dis- Function groups play screen, next to the A-scan. The names of the seven function groups are shown at the bottom of the display screen.
Page 57: Gain
Display screen 4 Principles of operation Gain In addition to the measurement reading, the measuring point (peak or flank) is displayed with a symbol in sound The current gain value and the adjusted dB step value path measurements: are always displayed in the top left corner of the screen. ^ = measuring point Peak / = measuring point Flank Examples:...
Page 58: Status Display Icons
4 Principles of operation Display screen Status display icons To the left of the A-scan, below the measurement line, there is an area for various status displays. The status display icons inform about active functions and certain settings (see Section Status display icons, page 0-7 at the beginning of the present operating manual).
Page 59: Keys And Rotary Knobs
Keys and rotary knobs 4 Principles of operation 4.3 Keys and rotary knobs Rotary knobs and arrow keys The USM 36 is equipped with two rotary knobs. Power key Use the left-hand rotary knob to directly set the gain; the right-hand rotary knob is meant for setting the currently The key for powering the instrument on and off is locat- selected function.
Page 60: Function Keys
4 Principles of operation Keys and rotary knobs Function keys The arrow keys below the display screen are meant for navigation and for changing values or settings after se- lecting a function. As an alternative, the arrow keys can be set up as func- tion keys F1 to F4 for triggering individually assigned functions (see Chapter 5.3 Assignment of function keys, page 5-7).
Page 61: Operational Concept
Operational concept 4 Principles of operation 4.4 Operational concept Selecting and setting functions Shown below the A-scan are the seven function groups Operating menus which you can directly select using the right-hand rotary knob or the arrow keys. The name of the currently se- The USM 36 is an easy-to-use instrument.
Page 62 4 Principles of operation Operational concept To change the setting of a function, you have to select N o t e the function first and then press one of the selector keys next to the display screen. As long as a function is selected, you can only change the corresponding value but you –...
Page 63: Function Home
Operational concept 4 Principles of operation Coarse adjustment and fine adjustment Function HOME You can choose between coarse and fine adjustment You can or must select the function HOME in various for some functions. cases (e.g. to confirm certain settings). To do this, the function HOME must be assigned to one of the function The fine adjustment is made using the right-hand rotary keys (see Section Assignment of function keys,...
Page 64: Functions Of The Second Operating Level
4 Principles of operation Operational concept Functions of the second operating level – Use the right-hand rotary knob or the arrow keys be- low the display screen to change the value or the set- Shown on the second operating level are the functions, ting.
Page 65: Important Default Settings
Important default settings 4 Principles of operation 4.5 Important default settings The following languages are available: ● Bulgarian ● Chinese ● German Language setting ● English ● Finnish ● French ● Italian ● Japanese ● Dutch ● Norwegian ● Polish ●...
Page 66: Units Setting
4 Principles of operation Important default settings Units setting Decimal separator You can use the function UNITS (function group CON- You can choose the decimal separator mark. All data FIG1 on the second operating level) to select the re- are displayed and saved using the selected decimal quired units (mm, in, or µs).
Page 67: Date Format, Date, And Time
Important default settings 4 Principles of operation Date format, Date, and Time – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group CONFIG1, select the function DATE FORMAT. – Select the required date format. The time format is changed together with the date format.
Page 68: Default Settings Of The Display
4 Principles of operation Default settings of the display 4.6 Default settings of the display You can choose one of four color schemes using the function COLOR (function group CONFIG1 on the sec- ond operating level). The color scheme determines the The USM 36 is equipped with a high-resolution color color of all displays and of the background.
Page 69: Selecting The A-Scan Color
Default settings of the display 4 Principles of operation Selecting the A-scan color Selecting the grid You can choose the color of the A-scan using the function Using the function GRID (function group CONFIG1 on A-SCAN COLOR (function group CONFIG2 on the sec- the second operating level), you can choose a grid for ond operating level).
Page 70: Setting The Brightness
4 Principles of operation Default settings of the display Setting the brightness – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group CONFIG1, select the function BRIGHTNESS. – Choose the required value. N o t e You can extend the operating time by means of the power saver function (see Section Power saving mode, page 5-79).
Page 71: Saving The Settings
Saving the settings 4 Principles of operation 4.7 Saving the settings A T T E N T I O N The filename can be up to 14 characters long for saving data sets. However, only the first 7 characters are shown in the display on top of the A-scan (see Section Displaying dataset name, page 4-22).
Page 72 4 Principles of operation Saving the settings – Switch to the function FILENAME. – Switch to the function ENTER and press one of the two selector keys. – Choose the option <NEW FILE> and press one of the two selector keys. The current instrument settings are saved to the select- ed directory on the SD memory card under the name en- –...
Page 73: Recalling Settings
Saving the settings 4 Principles of operation Recalling settings – Switch to the function ACTION. – Select the function RECALL DATASET. You can recall and use instrument settings saved to the SD memory card. – Switch to the function FILENAME. –...
Page 74: Displaying Dataset Name
4 Principles of operation Saving the settings Displaying dataset name – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group EVAL. – Select the function LARGE. – Select the setting DATASET. – Switch to the first operating level. After recalling the instrument settings, the correspond- ing filename (dataset name) is displayed in red letters in the measurement line on top of the A-scan in the box on...
Page 75 Saving the settings 4 Principles of operation A T T E N T I O N The filename can be up to 14 characters long for saving data sets (on the second operating level). However, only the first 7 characters are shown in the display on top of the A-scan (on the first operating level).
Page 76 4-24 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 77 Operation USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 78: Overview Of The Functions
5 Operation Overview of the functions 5.1 Overview of the functions The first operating level contains seven function groups in the default view. The functions of the USM 36 are combined into function N o t e groups on two operating levels. If certain functions are selected using one of –...
Page 79: Function Groups First Operating Level
Overview of the functions 5 Operation Function groups first operating level RANGE This is where you will find functions required for the basic setting of the signal representation on the display screen. PULSER This group is a combination of functions used for setting the pulser. RECEIVER This group is a combination of functions used for setting the receiver.
Page 80: Function Groups Second Operating Level
5 Operation Overview of the functions Function groups second operating level FILES This is where you will find functions used for the management of files, test reports, and videos. EVAL This group is a combination of functions for evaluation methods. In addition, you can configure the measurement line here (see Section Measurement line, page 4-5).
Page 81: Setting The Gain
Setting the gain 5 Operation 5.2 Setting the gain Setting the dB increment of gain To be able to quickly and directly set the gain, use the left-hand rotary knob. You can use the gain to adjust the sensitivity necessary for making echoes from reflectors to be detected visible on the display screen at the required height.
Page 82 5 Operation Setting the gain The following settings are possible: – Switch to the second operating level. ● LOCK (locked) – In the function group CONFIG3, select the function dB STEP. ● 0.2 dB – Select the required setting. ● 0.6 dB ●...
Page 83: Assignment Of Function Keys
Assignment of function keys 5 Operation 5.3 Assignment of function keys The following settings are possible: ● NONE (no function selected) ● FREEZE (see page 5-68) ● COPY (see page 6-2) ● AUTO80 (see page 5-94) ● MAGNIFY GATE (see page 5-65) ●...
Page 84 5 Operation Assignment of function keys To be able to use the arrow keys as function keys, you have to choose the corresponding setting. – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group CONFIG3, select the function F# KEY.
Page 85: Setting The Display Range (Function Group Range)
Setting the display range (function group RANGE) 5 Operation 5.4 Setting the display range N o t e (function group RANGE) For an exact adjustment of the sound veloci- ty and the probe delay, please start by read- ing Chapter 5.8 Calibrating the USM 36, page 5-28.
Page 86: Range
5 Operation Setting the display range (function group RANGE) RANGE PROBE DELAY You can use the function RANGE to set the range (the Every probe is equipped with a delay line between the display range) for making measurements. transducer and the coupling face. The sound pulse must first pass through this delay line before it can enter the You can set the display range by coarse adjustment test object.
Page 87: Velocity
Setting the display range (function group RANGE) 5 Operation VELOCITY A T T E N T I O N N o t e Please always make sure that the setting of the function VELOCITY is correct. The If µs are selected as units, the function USM 36 calculates all range and distance in- VELOCITY is deactivated for safety reasons dications on the basis of the value adjusted...
Page 88: Display Delay
5 Operation Setting the display range (function group RANGE) DISPLAY DELAY You can use this function to choose whether to display the adjusted display range (for example 250 mm) start- ing from the surface of the test object or in a section of the test object starting at a later point.
Page 89: Setting The Pulser (Function Group Pulser)
Setting the pulser (function group PULSER) 5 Operation 5.5 Setting the pulser (function VOLTAGE (pulser voltage) group PULSER) You can use the function VOLTAGE to set the pulser voltage. The following settings are possible: ● HIGH – high voltage ● LOW – low voltage The setting HIGH is recommended for all tests in which maximum sensitivity is important, e.g.
Page 90: Energy
5 Operation Setting the pulser (function group PULSER) ENERGY A T T E N T I O N You can use the function ENERGY to set the penetra- Use the data sheet for your probe to check tion or sound energy. which maximum voltage is allowed to be ap- plied.
Page 91: Width
Setting the pulser (function group PULSER) 5 Operation WIDTH N o t e This function is only available if the option square-wave The pulser voltage and the pulse width can pulser is chosen as pulser type (see Section Selecting be automatically limited, depending on the the pulser type, page 5-75).
Page 92: Damping
5 Operation Setting the pulser (function group PULSER) DAMPING PRF MODE (pulse repetition frequency) This function is used for matching the probe. By setting The pulse repetition frequency indicates the number of the damping of the probe oscillating circuit you can vary times an initial pulse is triggered per second.
Page 93 Setting the pulser (function group PULSER) 5 Operation The following settings are possible: N o t e ● AUTO LOW 400 Hz You can detect and avoid phantom echoes ● AUTO MED 1000 Hz by means of the optional function phantom PRF (see Section Phantom echo detector, ●...
Page 94: Setting The Receiver (Function Group Receiver)
5 Operation Setting the receiver (function group RECEIVER) 5.6 Setting the receiver FREQUENCY (function group RECEIVER) In this function, you can set the frequency of the receiver according to the frequency of your probe. The following settings are possible: ● BROADBAND ●...
Page 95: Rectify
Setting the receiver (function group RECEIVER) 5 Operation RECTIFY DUAL (pulser-receiver separation) You can use the function RECTIFY to select the rectifi- You can use the function DUAL to activate the pulser- cation mode of the echo pulses according to your appli- receiver separation (see Chapter 3.3 Connecting a cation.
Page 96: Reject
5 Operation Setting the receiver (function group RECEIVER) REJECT You can use the function REJECT to suppress unwant- ed echo indications, e.g. structural noise from the test object. The height in % indicates the minimum height that the echoes must attain in order for them to be displayed on the screen at all.
Page 97: Setting The Gates
Setting the gates (function groups GATE A and GATE B) 5 Operation 5.7 Setting the gates Tasks of the gates (function groups GATE A ● The gates monitor the area of the test object where and GATE B) you expect to detect a flaw. If an echo exceeds or falls below the gate, an alarm signal is output (see Section Alarms, page 4-6).
Page 98: A-Start/B-Start (Starting Point Of The Gate)
5 Operation Setting the gates (function groups GATE A and GATE B) A-START/B-START A-WIDTH/B-WIDTH (starting point of the gate) (width of the gates) You can set the starting point of the gates A or B within You can set the width of the gates A or B within an ad- an adjustment range of 0 …...
Page 99: A-Threshold/B-Threshold (Response And Measurement Threshold Of The Gate)
Setting the gates (function groups GATE A and GATE B) 5 Operation A-THRESHOLD/B-THRESHOLD (response and measurement threshold of the gate) You can define the threshold value of the gates A or B within the range of 5 … 95 % screen height for trigger- ing an alarm if this value is exceeded or not reached.
Page 100: Tof Mode
5 Operation Setting the gates (function groups GATE A and GATE B) TOF MODE ● FIRST PEAK The measurement is made as in the case of J- The sound path measurement by means of the echo FLANK, however, with screen resolution. If the eval- evaluation depends on the choice of the measuring uation using the displayed A-scan is of prime impor- point.
Page 101 Setting the gates (function groups GATE A and GATE B) 5 Operation A T T E N T I O N In any case, the setting of the measuring point in TOF mode for the calibration and for the subsequent test use must always be identical.
Page 102: Starting Point Of Gate B
5 Operation Setting the gates (function groups GATE A and GATE B) Starting point of gate B – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group CONFIG2, select the function B START MODE. – Select the required setting. If you choose the setting A, the gate B is afterwards al- ways shifted automatically when you shift the starting point of the gate A.
Page 103: Automatic Gate Height
Setting the gates (function groups GATE A and GATE B) 5 Operation Automatic gate height – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group EVAL, select the function AGT. – Choose the required gate for the automatic adjust- ment.
Page 104: Calibrating The Usm 36
5 Operation Calibrating the USM 36 5.8 Calibrating the USM 36 Choice of the measuring point The sound path measurement by means of the echo Calibrating the display range evaluation depends on the choice of measuring point (see Section TOF MODE, page 5-24). Before working with the USM 36, it must be calibrated: You have to adjust the material velocity and the display A T T E N T I O N...
Page 105: Calibration With Straight-Beam And Angle-Beam Probes
Calibrating the USM 36 5 Operation Calibration with straight-beam and angle- Example beam probes You are carrying out the calibration for the calibration range 100 mm using the calibration standard K1 (thick- ness 25 mm) which is laid down flat. Case A: With known material velocity –...
Page 106 5 Operation Calibrating the USM 36 Case B: With unknown material velocity – Set the required display range using the function RANGE. The two selected calibration echoes must Use the semi-automatic calibration function of the be displayed on the screen. Set the range so that the USM 36 with the functions of the function group AUTO- second calibration echo is positioned in the right half CAL for this calibration case.
Page 107 Calibrating the USM 36 5 Operation The correct calibration is confirmed by the message Example AUTOCAL COMPLETE. – Enter the two calibration lines (thicknesses) S-REF 1 The USM 36 will then automatically determine the ma- (5.00 mm) and S-REF 2 (20.00 mm). terial velocity and the probe delay, and set the corre- sponding functions accordingly.
Page 108 5 Operation Calibrating the USM 36 – Record the first calibration echo. – The valid calibration is carried out and confirmed. – Position the gate on the second calibration echo and record the second calibration echo. 5-32 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 109: Calibration Using Dual-Element Probes
Calibrating the USM 36 5 Operation You can read the material velocity and the probe delay Calibration using dual-element probes in the function group RANGE. Dual-element probes are especially used for wall thick- ness measurements. The following special features should be taken into account when using these probes: V-path error Dual-element probes produce a v-shaped sound path from the pulser via the reflection from the backwall to the...
Page 110 5 Operation Calibrating the USM 36 With thin wall thicknesses, the effect described above – Set the gate threshold to the required height for mea- leads to an echo amplitude drop which has to be espe- suring the sound paths at the echo flanks. cially taken into account with thicknesses <2 mm.
Page 111 Calibrating the USM 36 5 Operation The correct calibration is confirmed by the message AUTOCAL COMPLETE. The material velocity and probe delay are set and displayed. – Check the calibration on one or several known cali- bration lines, e.g. using the stepped calibration block N o t e Always keep in mind that the measurement value is determined at the intersection point...
Page 112: Making Measurements
5 Operation Making measurements 5.9 Making measurements The following example shows the dependency of dis- tance measurement on the echo waveform, i.e. on the height of the gate threshold and thus on the selection of General notes the intersection point at the signal. Please pay attention to the following notes when using the USM 36 for measurements: ●...
Page 113: Db-Difference Measurement (Function Group Db Ref)
dB-difference measurement (function group dB REF) 5 Operation 5.10 dB-difference measurement N o t e (function group dB REF) Depending on the evaluation mode selected, one of the function groups DAC/TCG, DGS, AWS D1.1, JISDAC or CNDAC can also be displayed at this point (see Section EVAL MODE, page 5-73).
Page 114: Recording A Reference Echo
5 Operation dB-difference measurement (function group dB REF) Recording a reference echo Deleting a reference echo Before using the dB-difference measurement, you have You can delete a stored reference echo at any time. to first record a reference echo. – If necessary, select the function DELETE REF and If a reference echo has already been stored, you have press one of the selector keys to delete the stored ref- to first delete it before recording a new reference echo...
Page 115: Echo Height Comparison
dB-difference measurement (function group dB REF) 5 Operation Echo height comparison – Switch to the function group EVAL on the second op- erating level. You can compare the echo from any chosen reflector – Use the functions READING to choose one or sever- with the reference echo.
Page 116: Rating Of Welds (Function Group Aws D1.1)
5 Operation Rating of welds (function group AWS D1.1) 5.11 Rating of welds – Switch to the second operating level. (function group AWS D1.1) – In the function group EVAL, select the function EVAL MODE. – Select the evaluation method AWS D1.1. –...
Page 117: Rating Of Welds According To Aws D1.1
Rating of welds (function group AWS D1.1) 5 Operation Rating of welds according to AWS D1.1 with: ● A = flaw gain (in dB) The rating of defects in welds according to the specifica- Absolute instrument gain with which the maximum tion AWS D1.1 is based on an evaluation of the signal flaw echo is at 50 % (±5 %) echo height.
Page 118 5 Operation Rating of welds (function group AWS D1.1) N o t e Make sure that all instrument options for the specific test are calibrated before starting the rating according to AWS D1.1. Remember to peak an echo with an amplitude between 45 % and 55 % screen height.
Page 119 Rating of welds (function group AWS D1.1) 5 Operation The USM 36 determines automatically the values of the AWS variables C and D. You can then evaluate the rat- ing D using the corresponding requirements from AWS D1.1. USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013) 5-43...
Page 120: Flaw Position Calculation With Angle-Beam Probes
5 Operation Flaw position calculation with angle-beam probes 5.12 Flaw position calculation with – If necessary, switch to the second operating level. angle-beam probes – Select the function group EVAL. In addition to the sound path S, the (reduced) projection distance and the true depth of the flaw are calculated automatically and indicated in the measurement line by means of these functions.
Page 121: Probe Angle
Flaw position calculation with angle-beam probes 5 Operation ● Reduced projection distance rPD PROBE ANGLE Distance from the probe front edge to the position of You can use the function PROBE ANGLE to adjust the the flaw, projected onto the surface. angle of incidence of your probe for the material used.
Page 122: Thickness
5 Operation Flaw position calculation with angle-beam probes Example: Object thickness 20 mm THICKNESS ● Angle of incidence 45°, You can use the function THICKNESS to set the wall K = 1, 1. Reflection after 20 mm thickness of the test object. This value is required for the automatic calculation of the true depth of a reflection.
Page 123: Value
Flaw position calculation with angle-beam probes 5 Operation X VALUE O-DIAMETER You can use the function X VALUE to set the X value You need the function O-DIAMETER when working with (distance of probe front edge from the probe index or circular curved surfaces, e.g.
Page 124: Color Leg
5 Operation Flaw position calculation with angle-beam probes COLOR LEG For better orientation, the instrument can mark the skip distances for the first three reflections with different background colors. – If necessary, switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group EVAL. –...
Page 125: Defining The Probe Angle
Defining the probe angle 5 Operation 5.13 Defining the probe angle – After calibration, switch to the function group AU- TOANG. You can use the function AUTOANG to define the cur- – Select the function BLOCK and then the range of the rent index angle of a probe on a reference block.
Page 126: Block
5 Operation Defining the probe angle BLOCK The option CUSTOM in the function BLOCK (function group AUTOANG) enables you to design a calibration You can read the preselected test ranges of various cal- standard of your own and to enter its values in the func- ibration standards in the function group BLOCK.
Page 127: Enabling Options (Upgrade)
Enabling options (Upgrade) 5 Operation 5.14 Enabling options (Upgrade) – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group CONFIG1, select the function CODE. – Choose the first character of the code. – Use the Right arrow key to switch to the next posi- tion, and choose the next character.
Page 128: Configuring The Usm 36 For
5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5.15 Configuring the USM 36 for test TOF MODE tasks Besides the default settings for the instrument opera- tion, you have to configure the USM 36 for calibration and test tasks. You will find functions for this purpose primarily in the function groups EVAL, CONFIG1, and CONFIG2 on the second operating level.
Page 129 Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation The following settings are possible: A T T E N T I O N ● PEAK (peak measurement) The highest echo in the gate does not have The amplitude and the time-of-flight are measured at to be identical with the echo for which the the absolutely highest amplitude value within the gate sound path is measured.
Page 130 5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks Example: PEAK Example: FLANK With the setting PEAK, the sound path and amplitude measurements are made at the peak of the highest echo in the gate. measured sound path: 12.35 mm amplitude: 86 % measured sound path: 12.74 mm amplitude: 86 %...
Page 131 Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation Example: J-FLANK Example: FIRST PEAK With the setting J-FLANK, the sound path measure- Since the gate is not reached yet another time after the ment is made at the intersection point between the gate first PEAK, J-FLANK and FIRST PEAK show the same threshold and the leading edge of the first echo, and the results for A%B: 37 %...
Page 132 5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks A T T E N T I O N In any case, the setting of the measuring point in TOF mode for the calibration and for the subsequent test use must always be identical.
Page 133: Phantom Echo Detector
Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation Phantom echo detector As long as no phantom echoes occur, no distinction can be made in the echo representation between the set- tings ON and OFF. As soon as the phantom echoes appear in the setting ON, they can be recognized at once by a regular move- ment back and forth (approx.
Page 134: Configuring The Measurement Line
5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks Configuring the measurement line N o t e As an alternative to a reading, you can dis- play the virtual alarm LED (see Section LARGE (alarm signal), page 5-64) or the dataset name (see Section Displaying data- set name, page 4-22) in the large box on the far right.
Page 135 Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation Difference between single measurements Projection distance for gate A of sound path (gate B - gate A) Projection distance for gate B Difference between single measurements of sound path (gate C - gate B) Reduced projection distance for gate A dBrA Echo height in gate A in dB...
Page 136 5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks dBrA Difference of the amplitude of the highest Only with CNDAC: echo in gate A below or above the DAC or Difference of the amplitude of the highest TCG reference curve in dB echo in gate C below or above the DAC or TCG reference curve in dB difference between reference echo and flaw...
Page 137 Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation – Switch to the second operating level. A%rC Amplitude of the highest echo in gate C in relation (in %) to the DAC or TCG reference – Select the function group EVAL. curve (as 100 %) –...
Page 138: Enlarged Display Of Reading
5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks Enlarged display of reading Enlarged display of one reading: Enlarged display of four readings: Readings referring mainly to the gate A are put in green frames, readings referring to the gate B in blue frames, and readings referring to the gate C in red frames.
Page 139 Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group EVAL. – Select the function LARGE to display a single read- ing in enlarged mode. – Choose the required value. –...
Page 140: Large (Alarm Signal)
5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks LARGE (alarm signal) – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group EVAL. – Select the function LARGE or READING 4 and press one of the selector keys to select the setting VIRTU- AL LED.
Page 141: Magnify Gate (Spanning The Gate)
Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation MAGNIFY GATE (spanning the gate) – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group EVAL. – Select the function MAGNIFY GATE to choose the gate for this function. –...
Page 142: Activating The Magnify Gate Function
5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks Activating the magnify gate function N o t e In order to use the magnify gate function, a gate must be chosen for it (see Section MAGNIFY GATE (spanning the gate), page 5-65).
Page 143 Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation Normal A-scan: A-scan with magnify gate turned on for the gate B: USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013) 5-67...
Page 144: Automatic A-Scan Freeze (Freeze)
5 Operation Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks Automatic A-scan freeze (Freeze) ● A-FREEZE The A-scan is frozen automatically when the signal touches the gate A. This setting is suitable e.g. for measurements on hot test objects, for measurements in difficult coupling conditions, or for spot weld test- ing.
Page 145 Configuring the USM 36 for test tasks 5 Operation – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG2. – Select the function FREEZE MODE. – Select the required setting. Manual A-scan freeze To be able to manually freeze the A-scan, you may con- figure one of the function keys accordingly.
Page 146: Setting The Display
5 Operation Setting the display 5.16 Setting the display The most important default settings of the display screen are described in Chapter 4.6 Default settings of the display: ● Scheme (see page 4-16) ● A-scan color (see page 4-17) ● Grid (see page 4-17) ●...
Page 147: Ascan Fill
Setting the display 5 Operation ASCAN FILL – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG2. – Select the function ASCAN FILL and press one of the selector keys to select the filled A-scan display mode. Filled A-scan: You can use the function ASCAN FILL to turn on the filled echo display mode.
Page 148: Working With Echo Max
5 Operation Setting the display Working with Echo Max – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG2. – Select the function ECHO MAX and press one of the selector keys to turn on the function. Example With a PRF of 1200 Hz and the function ECHO MAX turned on, 1200/60 = 20 A-scans are analyzed as raw...
Page 149: General Setup
General setup 5 Operation 5.17 General setup EVAL MODE This is where you can choose a method for evaluating The functions for the basic setup of the instrument are the measured reflector echoes. described in Chapter 4.5 Important default settings: Depending on the options activated, you can choose ●...
Page 150: Gate Logic
5 Operation General setup Gate logic The following settings are available: ● OFF The gate is turned off, alarms and measurement functions are disabled, and the gate is not visible on the display screen. ● POSITIVE The alarm is triggered if the gate is exceeded. ●...
Page 151: Selecting The Pulser Type
General setup 5 Operation Selecting the pulser type – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG2. – Select the function PULSER TYPE. – Choose the required pulser type. N o t e If you have chosen the square-wave pulser, the default function ENERGY on the first op- erating level changes into the function WIDTH (see Chapter 5.5 Setting the pulser...
Page 152: Configuring The Alarm Output
5 Operation General setup Configuring the alarm output The settings for VIRTUAL LED and OUTPUT SELECT are logically dependent in the operation of the gates A and B, however, the gate polarity can be set inde- pendently: ● for the VIRTUAL LED by means of GATE A LOGIC and GATE B LOGIC and ●...
Page 153 General setup 5 Operation The following settings are available: – Switch to the second operating level. ● A (+) – Select the function group CONFIG2. The alarm is triggered if the gate A is exceeded. – Select the function OUTPUT SELECT. ●...
Page 154: Analog Output
5 Operation General setup Analog output Horn You can output measurement results via analog output Use this function to set an acoustic alarm signal to be for external further processing. Use the function ANA- output in addition to the visual alarm of the virtual LED LOG OUTPUT to specify the reading to be output as (see Section LARGE (alarm signal), page 5-64).
Page 155: Power Saving Mode
General setup 5 Operation Power saving mode You can define the turn-off time within the range of 1 … 30 minutes. – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG3. – Select the function POWER SAVER. –...
Page 156: Vga
5 Operation General setup – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG1. – Select the function VGA. – Select the required setting. You can turn on the VGA output if required. N o t e Turn on the VGA output only for the purpose of transferring the display content to an ex- ternal unit.
Page 157: Tof In Layer
General setup 5 Operation TOF in LAYER Defining layers You can define either the thickness of a single layer or the thicknesses of 10 layers within a range of 1.00 … 10.0 mm each. – Switch to the second operating level. –...
Page 158 5 Operation General setup If the function TOF in LAYER is turned on, only the number of the layer is displayed instead of the numerical reading for SA, SB, and SC in the measurement line on top of the A-scan, e.g. 7 LA (= Layer 7). 5-82 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 159: Backwall Echo Attenuation (Bea)
General setup 5 Operation Backwall echo attenuation (BEA) the A-scan. The backwall echo can then be selectively integrated into the flaw evaluation. However, the backwall echo attenuation also allows to systematically increase the gain. In this way, you can, for example, only increase the gain within the flaw ex- pectancy range in order to peak the echo in this range.
Page 160: Displaying The Envelope Curve (Envelope)
5 Operation General setup Displaying the envelope curve – Switch to the second operating level. (ENVELOPE) – Select the function group CONFIG3. – Select the function ENVELOPE and press one of the selector keys to turn on the envelope curve. –...
Page 161: Automatic Gain Control (Auto Gain Control)
General setup 5 Operation Automatic gain control (Auto Gain Control) The automatic gain control of the USM 36 keeps the echo amplitude fully automatically at a specified screen height and, in this way, compensates for the amplitude variations of the signal received. This enables to clearly improve especially the wall thickness measurement and to make it easier.
Page 162 5 Operation General setup – Switch to the second operating level. N o t e – Select the function group CONFIG4. The automatic gain control is helpful, e.g. in – Select the function CTRL MODE and press one of the the calibration using AUTOCAL (setting selector keys to turn on the automatic gain control.
Page 163: Calibration Reminder
General setup 5 Operation Calibration reminder You can turn on a short-term calibration reminder for a time period within the range of 0.5 … 4 hours and a re- minder for the yearly calibration. In the case of the yearly reminder, define the date at which the calibration should be carried out.
Page 164 5 Operation General setup Yearly calibration reminder – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG3. – Select the function DATE and use the arrow keys to set the date for the yearly calibration. – Switch to the function CAL REMINDER and select the required setup time for the reminder.
Page 165: Password Protection
General setup 5 Operation Password protection To activate this function, you have to set a password. Af- ter saving the password, it is only possible to switch to the mode Expert after entering the password. Saving a new password A T T E N T I O N After saving the password, it is only possible to have full access to the instrument func- tions after entering the password.
Page 166 5 Operation General setup – Use the arrow keys to enter the required password. – Press one of the selector keys to complete the pass- You can enter a maximum of 12 characters. word entry. – Press one of the two selector keys to complete the –...
Page 167 General setup 5 Operation Protecting settings – Switch to the function MODE. After saving a password, you can protect the individual – Use the navigation to change the user from functions of the USM 36. The access to these functions EXPERT to INSPECTOR in order to activate the is then only possible as Expert after entering the pass- password protection.
Page 168 5 Operation General setup Login as Expert – Switch to the second operating level. – Select the function group CONFIG4. – Select the function MODE. – Use the navigation to change the user from INSPECTOR to EXPERT. The text box for the entry of the password is displayed.
Page 169: Distance-Amplitude Correction (Dac)
Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) 5 Operation 5.18 Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) The USM 36 has an optional DAC function for the echo evaluation by means of the distance-amplitude correc- tion (DAC). Due to the angle of beam spread and the sound attenu- ation in the material, the echo height of equally sized re- flectors depends on the distance to the probe.
Page 170: Recording A Dac Curve
5 Operation Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) Recording a DAC curve – Select the function group DAC/TCG. – Press one of the selector keys to display the specific A T T E N T I O N function groups and functions for the DAC/TCG. Before starting to record a reference curve, the instrument has to be correctly calibrated (see Chapter 5.8 Calibrating the USM 36,...
Page 171 Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) 5 Operation – Select the function gate a start and position the gate – Position the gate A on the second DAC echo. A on the first DAC echo. – Select the function AUTO80 and press one of the se- lector keys to automatically set the echo to 80 % screen height.
Page 172: Setting Up The Dac
5 Operation Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) – Finally, select the function FINISH and press one of Setting up the DAC the selector keys to finish the recording of the DAC – Select the function group SETUP. The function TCG/ echoes. The finishing is confirmed by the indication DAC MODE is automatically set to DAC.
Page 173: Turning The Dac Evaluation Off
Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) 5 Operation – Select the function TCG/DAC MODE and then TCG Turning the DAC evaluation off (time-corrected gain). The horizontal line of the time- You can turn the DAC evaluation off any time. corrected gain is displayed in the A-scan and all echoes are displayed at 80 % screen height.
Page 174: Deleting The Dac Curve
5 Operation Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) Deleting the DAC curve Editing DAC points You can delete the DAC curve at any time. After this, the You can edit individual DAC points at any time. DAC evaluation is not possible until you have recorded –...
Page 175: Adding Dac Points
Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) 5 Operation Adding DAC points Multiple DAC curves You can add individual DAC points at any time. – Select the function group EDIT. The function POINT is automatically set to NEW in order to define a new DAC point.
Page 176 5 Operation Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) As an alternative you can set the offset for each curve – Select the function MODE and press one of the selec- individually and turn off single curves of the multiple tor keys to turn on the individual curve definition by curves.
Page 177: Aws D1.1 In Dac/Tcg
Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) 5 Operation AWS D1.1 in DAC/TCG Sensitivity correction You can use the function TRANSFER CORR. to com- pensate for transfer losses in the material to be tested. A correction is necessary if the test object and the refer- ence standard have different surface qualities.
Page 178: Echo Evaluation Using Dac/Tcg
5 Operation Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) Echo evaluation using DAC/TCG Change in the probe delay with DAC/TCG Generally, a change in the probe delay automatically To be able to evaluate a flaw echo by means of the also affects the shape of the sound field. This means DAC, certain conditions must be met: that a new recording of the reference echo would be the- ●...
Page 179 Distance-amplitude correction (DAC) 5 Operation Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF mode An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at the echo peak of the signal under examination because this is the only way of ensuring that the displayed echo amplitude and the sound path (projection distance, depth position) always belong to the highest echo in the gate.
Page 180: Distance-Amplitude Curve According To Jis Z3060-2002 (Jisdac)
5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) 5.19 Distance-amplitude curve Activating JISDAC (DAC according to JIS) according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) The USM 36 has an optional DAC function for the echo evaluation by means of the distance-amplitude correc- tion (DAC) and an additional class rating according to JIS Z3060-2002.
Page 181: Recording A Dac Curve
Distance-amplitude curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) 5 Operation Recording a DAC curve – Select the function group JISDAC. – Press one of the selector keys to display the specific A T T E N T I O N function groups and functions for the JISDAC. Before starting to record a reference curve, the instrument has to be correctly calibrated (see Chapter 5.8 Calibrating the USM 36,...
Page 182 5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) – Select the function gate a start and position the gate – Position the gate A on the second DAC echo. A on the first DAC echo. – Select the function AUTO80 and press one of the se- lector keys to automatically set the echo to 80 % screen height.
Page 183: Setting Up Jisdac
Distance-amplitude curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) 5 Operation – Finally, select the function FINISH and press one of Setting up JISDAC the selector keys to finish the recording of the DAC – Select the function group SETUP. The function JIS- echoes.
Page 184: Sensitivity Correction
5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) Sensitivity correction Turning the JISDAC evaluation off You can use the function TRANSFER CORR. to com- You can turn the JISDAC evaluation off at any time. pensate for transfer losses in the material to be tested. –...
Page 185: Deleting The Dac Curve
Distance-amplitude curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) 5 Operation Deleting the DAC curve Echo evaluation using DAC You can delete the DAC curve at any time. After this, the To be able to evaluate a flaw echo by means of the JISDAC evaluation is not possible until you have record- DAC, certain conditions must be met: ed a new DAC curve.
Page 186 5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JIS Z3060-2002 (JISDAC) Change in the probe delay Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF mode Generally, a change in the probe delay automatically also affects the shape of the sound field. This means An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at that a new recording of the reference echo would be the- the echo peak of the signal under examination because...
Page 187: Distance-Amplitude Curve According To Jb/T4730 And Gb 11345 (Cndac)
Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) 5 Operation 5.20 Distance-amplitude curve Evaluations according to CNDAC according to JB/T4730 and After recording the reference echo, the CNDAC shows GB 11345 (CNDAC) the reference lines RL, SL, and EL depending on the corresponding choice in the functions CODE NAME (standard) and BLOCK (reference block).
Page 188: Standards And Reference Blocks
5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) Standards and reference blocks CODE NAME BLOCK Ø side-drilled hole (mm) Wall thickness test object (mm)RL (dB) SL (dB) EL (dB) 11345A – DAC – 10 DAC – 16 11345B –...
Page 189: Activating The Cndac
Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) 5 Operation Activating the CNDAC Recording a DAC curve A T T E N T I O N Before starting to record a reference curve, the instrument has to be correctly calibrated (see Chapter 5.8 Calibrating the USM 36, page 5-28).
Page 190 5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) – Select the function group CNDAC. – Select the function gate a start and position the gate A on the first DAC echo. – Press one of the selector keys to display the specific function groups and functions for the CNDAC.
Page 191 Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) 5 Operation – Position the gate A on the second DAC echo. – Finally, select the function FINISH and press one of the selector keys to finish the recording of the DAC –...
Page 192: Setting Up Cndac
5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) Setting up CNDAC – Select the function CNDAC TYPE and choose the re- quired line display mode (STRAIGHT, CURVED, or – Select the function group SETUP. The function CN- POLYNOMIAL).
Page 193: Sensitivity Correction
Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) 5 Operation Sensitivity correction You can use the function TRANSFER CORR. to com- pensate for transfer losses in the material to be tested. A correction is necessary if the test object and the refer- ence standard have different surface qualities.
Page 194: Adjusting Reference Lines
5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) Adjusting reference lines Turning the CNDAC evaluation off You can change the reference lines for RL and EL at You can turn the CNDAC evaluation off at any time. any time.
Page 195: Deleting The Dac Curve
Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) 5 Operation Deleting the DAC curve Echo evaluation using DAC You can delete the DAC curve at any time. After this, the To be able to evaluate a flaw echo by means of the CNDAC evaluation is not possible until you have record- DAC, certain conditions must be met: ed a new DAC curve.
Page 196 5 Operation Distance-amplitude curve according to JB/T4730 and GB 11345 (CNDAC) Change in the probe delay Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF mode Generally, a change in the probe delay automatically also affects the shape of the sound field. This means An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at that a new recording of the reference echo would be the- the echo peak of the signal under examination because...
Page 197: Evaluation According To The Dgs Method
Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation 5.21 Evaluation according to the ● Distance D between the probe coupling face and the circular disk-shaped equivalent reflector DGS method ● Difference in gain G between a circular disk-shaped equivalent reflector and a reference reflector, e.g. an The USM 36 offers the optional evaluation method DGS infinitely large backwall (distance - gain - size).
Page 198 5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method The following parameters of the probe affect the curve You can adjust these parameters in the USM 36 in such shape: a way that you can use the DGS method with many dif- ferent probes and on various materials.
Page 199: Validity Of The Dgs Method
Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation Validity of the DGS method ● The evaluation must be carried out using the same probe that was used for recording the reference echo. Echo amplitude evaluations using the DGS method are Another probe of the same type can be used after re- only reliable and reproducible under the following condi- cording a new reference echo.
Page 200 5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method Change in the probe delay with DGS Automatic variation of the measuring point in TOF mode Generally, a change in the probe delay automatically also affects the shape of the sound field. This means An echo amplitude evaluation is normally carried out at that a new recording of the reference echo for the DGS the echo peak of the signal under examination because...
Page 201: Starting The Echo Height Evaluation According To Dgs
Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation Starting the echo height evaluation Basic settings for the DGS measurement according to DGS You can choose the probe and set other DGS parame- ters in this step. – Select the function group DGS. –...
Page 202 5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method ● DGS CURVE (recording curve for DGS evaluation) ● DELAY VELOCITY You can use this to select the circular disk-shaped re- Sound velocity in the probe delay line; preset for pro- flector diameter to be used for displaying the DGS grammed probes.
Page 203: Recording A Reference Echo And Turning The Dgs Curve On
Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation – Select the function group GATE A. Recording a reference echo and turning the DGS curve on – Select the function TOF MODE and set the TOF mea- suring point to PEAK. To be able to display the required DGS curve, you have –...
Page 204 5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method – Select the function group SETUP. – Select the function DGS MODE and press one of the Taking the general DGS diagram as a basis, the USM selector keys to turn on the DGS evaluation. The 36 calculates the required test sensitivity for displaying DGS curve is calculated and displayed in the A-scan.
Page 205: Locks, Error Messages
Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation The gain can be varied at any time. The difference in re- Locks, error messages lation to the calibration value during the DGS calibration As long as a valid reference echo is stored, no functions is directly displayed in the top left corner on top of the can be changed which could cause an incorrect DGS gain value (without designation).
Page 206: Sound Attenuation And Transfer Correction
5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method Sound attenuation and transfer correction Using multiple DGS curves There are two possibilities for setting the sound attenu- After turning the DGS evaluation on, at least one curve ation in the test object: is displayed for a certain ERS (equivalent reflector size).
Page 207: Turning The Dgs Evaluation Off
Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation Turning the DGS evaluation off Deleting a DGS reference echo You can turn the DGS evaluation off at any time. You can delete the echo of the reference reflector. After this, the DGS evaluation is not possible until you have –...
Page 208: Probe Data
5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method Probe data Probe name Wavelength Minimum diameter Near-field length Min. distance in steel of side-drilled hole in steel in steel [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] B1-S B2-S B4-S MB2-S MB4-S MB5-S 7 … 9 MWB …-2 10 …...
Page 209 Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation Probe Wavelength in steel Focus depth in steel [mm] [mm] MSEB-2 8 ±2 MSEB-4 10 ±2 MSEB-4 0° 18 ±4 MSEB-5 10 ±2 SEB-1 20 ±4 SEB-2 KF5 6 ±2 SEB-4 KF8 6 ±2 SEB-2 15 ±3...
Page 210 5 Operation Evaluation according to the DGS method N o t e The DGS curves for the dual-element probes are not derived from the general DGS diagram but have been individually mea- sured for steel (5920 m/s) and stored in the instrument.
Page 211: Truedgs Angle-Beam Probes
Evaluation according to the DGS method 5 Operation ® trueDGS angle-beam probes The following probes using the trueDGS technology are currently available: ® trueDGS angle-beam probes generate a rotationally ● MWB45-2 tD (probe # 35) symmetric sound field in the material to be tested like vertically beaming circular elements.
Page 212 5-136 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 213: Documentation
Documentation USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 214: Test Reports
6 Documentation Test reports 6.1 Test reports Storing using COPY N o t e Storing test reports If you repeatedly select the same filename for storing, a consecutive numbering is auto- You can use the USM 36 to store test reports and A- matically attached to the filename, for exam- scans.
Page 215 Test reports 6 Documentation Storing on the second operating level – Press the arrow keys to select a directory on the SD card. – Press one of the two selector keys to choose the se- lected directory. – Switch to the function ACTION. –...
Page 216 6 Documentation Test reports – Switch to the function ENTER and press one of the two selector keys. The test report is stored in the selected directory on the SD memory card under the name entered here. N o t e You can create and delete directories by in- serting the SD memory card into the SD card reader of your PC or by connecting the...
Page 217: Displaying Test Reports
Test reports 6 Documentation Displaying test reports – Switch to the function ACTION and select the func- tion SHOW REPORT. You can display test reports saved to the SD card on the – Switch to the function FILENAME. display screen of your instrument. –...
Page 218 6 Documentation Test reports After the loading process, which takes a few seconds, – Use the arrow keys to shift the view in order to display the test report is displayed on the display screen. other data of the test report, provided they were also selected during storing.
Page 219: Printing Test Reports
Test reports 6 Documentation Printing test reports Deleting test reports The USM 36 is not meant to be directly connected to a You can delete files and directories easily by inserting printer. the SD memory card into the SD card reader of your PC or by connecting the USM 36 to a PC via a USB cable You can use the corresponding standard programs (text (see Section USB interface, page 8-3).
Page 220 6 Documentation Test reports – Switch to the function FILENAME. N o t e – Select the name of the required file. The selection Only files of the type UGO are deleted. Files switches automatically to the function ENTER. of the types BMP and JPG are retained. –...
Page 221: Storing The A-Scan And Parameters In The Test Report
Test reports 6 Documentation Storing the A-scan and parameters in the – Switch to the second operating level. test report – In the function group FILES, select the function IMAGE IN REPOR and choose YES. – Select the function PARAM IN REPOR and choose YES.
Page 222: Storing Memos
6 Documentation Storing memos 6.2 Storing memos Creating a new memo file – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group FILES, select the function MEMO EDIT. – Choose the option <NEW MEMO> and press one of the two selector keys.
Page 223: Editing A Memo File
Storing memos 6 Documentation Editing a memo file N o t e You can edit a memo file saved to the SD memory card You can use any text editor to edit memo at any time. files by inserting the SD memory card into –...
Page 224: Attaching A Memo File To Test Report
6 Documentation Storing memos Attaching a memo file to test report Next time a test report is stored, the contents of the se- lected memo file are attached to the end of the test re- You can attach the text of a memo file to one or several port.
Page 225: Storing A Report Header
Storing a report header 6 Documentation 6.3 Storing a report header Creating a new header file – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group FILES, select the function HEADER EDIT. – Choose the option <NEW FILE> and press one of the two selector keys.
Page 226: Editing A Header File
6 Documentation Storing a report header Editing a header file N o t e You can edit a header file saved to the SD memory card You can use any text editor to edit header at any time. files by inserting the SD memory card into –...
Page 227: Including A Header File In The Test Report
Storing a report header 6 Documentation Including a header file in the test report Next time a test report is stored, the contents of the se- lected header file are inserted into the head of the test You can insert the text of a header file into one or sev- report.
Page 228: Videos
6 Documentation Videos 6.4 Videos Recording a video You can record and replay videos. During recording, all movements on the display screen are recorded at a frame rate of 10 or 50 frames per second. You can directly view recorded videos on the display screen of the USM 36.
Page 229 Videos 6 Documentation – Press one of the two selector keys to complete the N o t e filename entry. Make sure that the SD card used in the in- – Switch to the function RECORD and press one of the strument has a sufficient amount of free stor- two selector keys to start the recording.
Page 230 6 Documentation Videos You will then automatically switch to the first operating – In the function group RECORD, select the function level with the A-scan. RECORD and press one of the two selector keys to start the recording. – Switch to the function FLAG and press one of the two selector keys to set a flag.
Page 231: Viewing A Video
Videos 6 Documentation Viewing a video – Switch to the second operating level. – Switch to the function FILENAME and select the name of the required file. – Switch to the function REPLAY and press one of the two selector keys. You will then automatically switch to the first operating level with the A-scan.
Page 232 6 Documentation Videos The control functions in the function groups REPLAY – Press one of the selector keys to toggle between the and CONTROL are displayed next to the A-scan. flags set during recording. Recording information is displayed on top of the A-scan: –...
Page 233: Documentation Using Ultramate
DR on the second operating The special application program UltraMATE provided by level. GE enables you to remotely control the USM 36 and to include instrument settings in ASCII format or display contents in your test report.
Page 234: Creating A Data Recorder File
6 Documentation Data Recorder (option) trix consists of rows and columns. Creating a Data Recorder file In this way, you can e.g. use the rows for test locations and the columns for single test points. In a grid matrix consisting of 9 rows and 4 columns, you will then store the results of a test location in one row each.
Page 235 Data Recorder (option) 6 Documentation – Switch to the function FIRST POINT. A T T E N T I O N – Select the coordinates for the first cell in the top left After generating the file, you can no longer corner of the grid matrix.
Page 236 6 Documentation Data Recorder (option) – Switch to the function ADV DIRECTION and select After creating the Data Recorder file, the number of the automatic filling advance direction for the grid ma- rows and columns is indicated. trix. – Switch to the function READING and press the func- tion keys to select the measuring method (for exam- ple SA = sound path in the gate A).
Page 237: Activating A Data Recorder File
Data Recorder (option) 6 Documentation Activating a Data Recorder file – Press one of the two selector keys to complete the filename selection. – Switch to the first operating level. You will see the A-scan. – Press one of the two selector keys for 3 seconds. The A-scan is displayed in a slightly reduced mode with the grid matrix of the selected Data Recorder file on its right.
Page 238: Storing Readings In The Grid Matrix
6 Documentation Data Recorder (option) Storing readings in the grid matrix If an A-scan has been stored together with the reading, you will see a mark in the top left corner of the cell. When you see the grid matrix on the display screen, you can store readings and the corresponding A-scans in the individual cells.
Page 239: Deleting Readings
Data Recorder (option) 6 Documentation Deleting readings A-scan preview You cannot overwrite any readings. If you want to If you select a cell containing a stored reading with an A- change a reading, you have to delete the stored read- scan attached to it, the A-scan is displayed next to the ing, after which you will be able to store a new reading grid matrix.
Page 240: Turning The Grid Matrix On/Off
6 Documentation Data Recorder (option) – Switch to the first operating level. You will see the A- Turning the grid matrix on/off scan. – Press one of the two selector keys for 3 seconds. The A-scan is displayed in a slightly reduced mode with the grid matrix of the selected Data Recorder file on its right.
Page 241 Data Recorder (option) 6 Documentation Turning the grid matrix off – Switch to the second operating level. – In the function group DR, select the function GRID. – Press one of the two selector keys to set the function to OFF. This turns off the functions of the grid matrix. Turning the grid matrix on –...
Page 242 6-30 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 243: Maintenance And Care
Maintenance and care USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 244: Instrument Care
7 Maintenance and care Instrument care 7.1 Instrument care 7.2 Battery care Clean the instrument and its accessories using a moist Battery care cloth. The following are exclusively recommended for cleaning: The capacity and life of batteries mainly depend on the correct handling.
Page 245: Charging The Batteries
Any repair work may only be carried out by The handling of batteries, the charging process, and the members of authorized GE service staff. meaning of LED's and power indicators is described in detail in Chapter Operation using a battery, page 3-4.
Page 246: Software Updates
You can download the latest software version for your You can install the latest software updates for the instrument from the GE website by means of any cus- USM 36 yourself. Look up the version installed in your tomary web browser.
Page 247: Installing An Update
Software updates 7 Maintenance and care – Read the displayed text Software Terms and Con- Installing an update ditions Acceptance and click I ACCEPT to confirm. The Registration Form appears. N o t e – Fill in the registration form and, finally, click SUBMIT. Only one file with the extension .sdu may be The download form appears.
Page 248 7 Maintenance and care Software updates – Press the function key F1 (1) and the Power key (2) simultaneously, and hold the two keys pressed until the display screen is turned on and the message FLASH UPGRADE MODE appears. The installation process will then start. The following messages are displayed one by one: LOADING FILE VERIFYING FILE...
Page 249: Interfaces And Peripherals
Interfaces and Peripherals USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 250: Interfaces
8 Interfaces and Peripherals Interfaces 8.1 Interfaces Overview The interfaces are located under the watertight cover on the top of the instrument. – Loosen the knurled screw (1) and remove the cover. – Place the cover back on the instrument and tighten the knurled screw to close the cover watertight.
Page 251: Usb Interface
The USB interface type B is used for data exchange The service interface is meant for using the alarm output with a PC. and for service purposes for the GE Customer Support. When you connect the instrument to a PC via a standard Pin assignment of the connecting cable USB cable, the SD memory card inserted into the instru- ment is added to the list of active drives on the PC.
Page 252: Vga Output
8 Interfaces and Peripherals VGA output 8.2 VGA output 8.3 Printer The interface VGA-OUT is used for the output of the The USM 36 is not meant to be directly connected to a VGA signal. You can use this interface to connect the printer.
Page 253: Appendix
Appendix USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013)
Page 254: Function Directory
9 Appendix Function directory 9.1 Function directory N o t e Some functions are only available if the cor- responding options are enabled by entering the license code. Function Function group Operating level Description see page A INDICATION AWS D1.1 first 5-40 ASCAN FILL...
Page 255 Function directory 9 Appendix Function Function group Operating level Description see page OUTPUT SELECT CONFIG2 second 5-76 FINISH CNDAC first Finishing of the recording of points (curve points) 5-111 for the DAC FINISH DAC/TCG first Finishing of the recording of points (curve points) 5-93 for the DAC FINISH...
Page 256 9 Appendix Function directory Function Function group Operating level Description see page B-WIDTH GATE B first Starting point of the gate B 5-21 B-THRESHOLD GATE B first Starting point of the gate B 5-21 BW GAIN CONFIG4 second Setting of the backwall echo gain 5-83 CONFIG4 second...
Page 257 Function directory 9 Appendix Function Function group Operating level Description see page BLOCK AUTOANG first C ATTENUATION AWS D1.1 first 5-40 FIRST POINT second Setting of coordinates of the first cell in the grid matrix (Data 6-21 Recorder) CODE CONFIG1 second Entry of the enabling code for optional functions and 5-51...
Page 258 9 Appendix Function directory Function Function group Operating level Description see page READING second Choice of the measuring method for storing readings in the 6-21 grid matrix (Data Recorder) DIAMETER BLOCK first ECHO MAX CONFIG1 second Activation of the function Echo Max 5-72 UNITS CONFIG1...
Page 259 Function directory 9 Appendix Function Function group Operating level Description see page FUNCTION 3 CONFIG2 second Assignment of function key F3 FUNCTION 4 CONFIG2 second Assignment of function key F4 ABOUT CONFIG2 second Start display with information about version and software 5-51 RECTIFY RECEIVER...
Page 260 9 Appendix Function directory Function Function group Operating level Description see page BOTTOM second Setting of coordinates of the last cell in the grid matrix (Data 6-21 Recorder) DELETE REF dB REF first Deleting the stored reference echo for the 5-37 dB difference measurement MAGNIFY GATE...
Page 261 Function directory 9 Appendix Function Function group Operating level Description see page O-DIAMETER EVAL second 5-47 THICKNESS TRIG first Entry of test object thickness for calculating the true flaw 5-46 depth THICKNESS EVAL second 5-46 FUN-SELECT CONFIG4 second Enabling and disabling of settings 5-89 MODE CONFIG4...
Page 262 9 Appendix Function directory Function Function group Operating level Description see page SERIAL NUMBER CONFIG1 second Display of the serial number of the instrument LANGUAGE CONFIG1 second Choice of language 4-13 DEPTH BLOCK first TOF in LAYER CONFIG3 second Turning on of the function TOF in LAYER 5-81 REFERENCE TYPE first...
Page 263: Manufacturer/Service Addresses
F +49 (0) 22 33 601 402 Should you nevertheless detect an error on your instru- ment, power the instrument off and remove the batter- ies. Inform your local GE customer service and support, indicating the error and describing it. USM 36...
Page 264 9 Appendix Manufacturer/Service addresses France GE Measurement & Control France SAS GE Inspection Technologies, LP 68 Chemin des Ormeaux 50 Industrial Park Road 69578 Limonest Cedex Lewistown, PA 17044 France T +33 (0) 472 179 220 T +1 717 242 03 27...
Page 265: Environmental Protection Regulations
WEEE directive (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) If you need more information on the collection, reuse, GE is an active participant in Europe's Waste Electrical and recycling of recyclable material, please contact your and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) take-back initiative, directive 2002/96/EC.
Page 266: Disposal Of Batteries
9 Appendix Environmental protection regulations Disposal of batteries What do the markings mean? Batteries and accumulators must be marked (either on This product contains batteries that cannot be disposed the battery, on the accumulator, or on their packaging, of as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. depending on the size) with the separate collection sym- Please read carefully the data sheets for the battery bol.
Page 267 Environmental protection regulations 9 Appendix The risks and your role in minimizing them ● Lead is poisonous in all compounds. It accumulates in the body so that any form of exposure is critical. In- By participating in the proper waste disposal, you would gestion and inhalation of lead can cause severe inter- make a valuable contribution towards reducing the dam- nal injuries.
Page 268: Recycling Directives
9.4 Recycling directives Overview 9-16 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 269 Recycling directives 9 Appendix Item No. Recycling/Material Code Description Lithium-ion battery Battery inside the battery compartment on the back side of the instrument. For opening the compartment the quick acting clo- sures have to be actuated. Battery ML1220 Lithium back-up battery on main board. >PC</Brass, Al, Polyester Upper equipment cover Polycarbonat >PC<...
Page 270: Materials To Be Disposed Of Separately
9 Appendix Recycling directives Materials to be disposed of separately 9-18 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 271 Recycling directives 9 Appendix Item No. Recycling/Material Code Description Lithium-ion battery Battery-compartment: In order to open the compartment at the bottom of the equip- ment the quick acting closures have to be actuated. Battery is easily to be removed after opening the cover. Battery ML 1220 On main board: After loosing six screws on the bottom side and one further in...
Page 272: Other Materials And Components
9 Appendix Recycling directives Other materials and components 9-20 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 273 Recycling directives 9 Appendix USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013) 9-21...
Page 274 9 Appendix Recycling directives 9-22 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 275 Recycling directives 9 Appendix Item No. Recycling/Material Code Description Main PCB‘s, battery, SD card Circuit boards mounted in lower housing. >PC</brass Upper housing part >PC< with molded in brass thread inserts. Keypad Mounted in upper housing; mixture of several materials: plastic plate, foils, aluminium, stainless steel.
Page 276: Recycling Data Of The Usm 36
9 Appendix Recycling directives Recycling data of the USM 36 Recycling/Material Code Weight approx. (kg) Description Material/components to be disposed of and handled separately Lithium-ion battery 0.49 Battery compartment 0.01 Battery ML1220 Battery holder on main board Sub-total 0.50 Material/components possibly interfering with certain recycling processes >PC</brass 0.15 Housing upper part Polycarbonate >PC<...
Page 277 Recycling directives 9 Appendix Recycling/Material Code Weight approx. (kg) Description Normally advantageous material/components Stainless steel 0.20 Handle; ratchet disks Aluminum 0.20 Rotary control button, holder for handle, mounting sheets for TFT >PC< 0.45 Housing lower parts, battery cover Rubber 0.05 O-rings, rubber feet, rubber tube, keypad sealing Nickel silver sheets 0.10...
Page 278 9 Appendix Recycling directives Recycling/Material Code Weight approx. (kg) Description Mounting material, cables, clamps, 0.10 screws Total weight including battery 2.35 Special notes: none * Material/components that cannot be separated into single materials by destructive mechanical processes. 9-26 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 279: Specifications
Specifications USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013) 10-1...
Page 280: Display Screen
10 Specifications Specifications of USM 36 10.1 Specifications of USM 36 Display screen Size Diagonal 7 inches Active range (W × H) 152.4 × 91.44 mm Resolution (W × H) 800 × 480 pixels Range 4 … 14,108 mm (555 inches) for longitudinal wave 10-2 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 281: Display
Specifications of USM 36 10 Specifications Display Display shift –15 … 3,500 µs (DISPLAY DELAY) Probe delay 0 … 1,000 µs Velocity 250 … 16,000 m/s Automatically optimized 15 … 2,000 Hz, 3 automatic setting modes: Auto Low, Auto Med, Auto High, Manual Connectors Probe connectors 2 ×...
Page 282: Pulser
10 Specifications Specifications of USM 36 Pulser Pulser mode Spike pulser, optionally: Square-wave pulser Pulser voltage (SQ mode) 120 … 300 V, in steps of 10 V with a tolerance of 10 % Pulser falling/rising time max. 10 ns Pulser width (SQ mode) 30 …...
Page 283: Receiver
Specifications of USM 36 10 Specifications Receiver Digital gain Dynamic range 110 dB, adjustable in steps of 0.2 dB Analog bandwidth 0.5 … 20 MHz Equivalent input noise <80 nV/ Filters Broadband 1-5 MHz 2, 2.25 MHz 4, 5 MHz 10 MHz 13, 15 MHz Rectification...
Page 284: Gates
10 Specifications Specifications of USM 36 Gates Independent gates gates A and B (triggering by gate A), gate C (option, triggering by gate A or B) Measurement mode Peak, Flank, J-FLANK, FIRST PEAK Memory Card slot SD card slot for all standard SD cards Capacity 8 GB, SD card Datasets...
Page 285: General
Specifications of USM 36 10 Specifications General Battery Li-Ion, operating time: 13 hours with full charge Charging method (standard): internal with charger/power adaptor Charging method (optional): external charger Charge level: proportional charge level indicator Power adaptor/charger Universal power supply unit 100 … 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Size (H ×...
Page 286 10 Specifications Specifications of USM 36 Damp heat and humidity (storage) EN 60068 Part 2-30 6 cycles: 9 hrs at +25 °C up in 3 hrs to +55 °C, 9 hrs at +55 °C then down to +25 °C in 3 hrs, at 93 % humidity Vibration EN 60068 Part 2-6 2g per axis, 5 …...
Page 287: Options
Specifications of USM 36 10 Specifications Options AWS calibration tool, according to AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code DAC/JISDAC/CNDAC DAC calibration tool, 16 points, according to EN 1712, EN 1713, EN 1714, ASTM E164, ASME, ASME III, JIS Z3060, GB11345 TCG: 110 dB dynamic, 100 dB/µs slope DGS calibration tool, according to: EN 1712, EN 1713, EN 1714, ASTM E164 Data logger...
Page 288: Specifications According To
10 Specifications Specifications according to EN 12668 10.2 Specifications according to EN 12668 You will find the specifications according to EN 12668 for your instrument on the product CD included in the standard package. 10-10 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...
Page 289 Index USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013) 11-1...
Page 290 11 Index Fill 5-71 Freezing 5-68, 5-69 ABOUT 5-51, 7-4 Normal 4-3 AC power adaptor 3-2 Storing 6-9 Zoom 4-3 ACTION 4-19, 4-21, 6-3, 6-5, 6-8 Zoomed 6-28 Addresses 9-11 A-SCAN COLOR 4-17 Adjustment range 4-11 A-scan color 4-17 ADV DIRECTION 6-24 A-scan freeze 5-68 A-FREEZE 5-68 ASCANFILL 5-71...
Page 291 11 Index B-FREEZE 5-68 BLOCK 5-50 B REFERENCE 5-101 BRIGHTNESS 4-18 Backwall Echo Attenuation 5-83 Brightness 4-18 Backwall echo attenuation 5-83 B-START 5-22 Batteries BSTARTMODE. 5-26 External charging 3-8 B-THRESHOLD 5-23 Inserting 3-4 Internal charging 3-8 B-WIDTH 5-22 Battery 0-8 Care 7-2 Charge level 0-8, 3-7 Calibration...
Page 292 11 Index Batteries 3-8 Charging status 3-8 DAC 0-7 CNDAC 5-111, 5-113 Adding points 5-99 Turning off 5-118 Echo evaluation 5-102, 5-109, 5-119 Turning on 5-113 Editing points 5-98 CODE 5-51 Multiple DAC curves 5-99 Sensitivity correction 5-101, 5-108, 5-117 Code for options 5-51 Setting up 5-96 COLOR 4-16...
Page 293 11 Index Data Recorder (option) 6-21 Defining probe angle 5-49 Data Recorder file 6-22 Defining the probe index angle 5-49 Activating 6-25 DELAY VELOCITY (DGS) 5-126 Creating 6-22 DELETE DATASET 6-8 DATASET 4-22 Deleting Date CNDAC 5-119 Format 4-15 DAC curve 5-98 Setting 4-15 DGS reference echo 5-131 DATE FORMAT 4-15...
Page 294 11 Index Turning off 5-131 DUAL (pulser-receiver separation) 5-19 DGS CURVE (DGS) 5-126 DGS evaluation 5-121 DGS MODE 5-128, 5-131 Echo evaluation 5-24, 5-28, 5-52 Difference measurement 5-37 Echo height comparison 5-37 Directive 2002/96/EC 9-13 ECHO MAX 5-72 Display Echo Max 5-72 Brightness 4-18 Echo start gate 5-21 Grid 4-17...
Page 295 11 Index Envelope curve 5-84 FIRST POINT 6-23 Environmental compatibility 9-13 Flag 6-18, 6-20 Environmental protection regulations 9-13 FLANK 5-24, 5-53 Error messages 5-129 Flaw class 5-41 EVAL MODE 5-73 Flaw gain 5-41 Evaluation of flaws 1-7 Flaw position calculation 5-44 FRAME 6-20 Freeze 0-7, 5-68 FREEZE MODE 5-68...
Page 296 11 Index Second operating level 0-5, 0-6, 4-12 Grid matrix 6-21 Turning off 6-29 Functions (in alphabetical order) 9-2 Turning on 6-29 Gain 4-2, 4-5 HDR IN REPORT 6-15 Setting 5-5 Header 6-13 Gain control 5-85 HEADER EDIT 6-13 Gate Setting 5-21 Header file Spanning 5-65...
Page 297 11 Index Legs 5-48 Limits of testing 1-5 J-FLANK 5-24, 5-53 LINE 5-118 JISDAC 5-104, 5-108, 5-118 LOCK 5-6 Turning off 5-108 Locks Turning on 5-104 DGS 5-129 Keypad functions 0-9 MAGNIFY GATE 5-65 Keys 4-7 Magnify gate 0-7 Magnify gate function 5-65 Maintenance 7-3 LANGUAGE 4-13 Making measurements 5-36...
Page 298 11 Index Measurement line 4-5 Notes 6-10 Configuring 5-58 Memo Creating 6-10 Object diameter 5-47 Editing 6-11 O-DIAMETER 5-47 Storing 6-10 OFFSET 5-100 MEMO EDIT 6-10 OFFSET2 5-100 Memo file OFFSETS 5-100 Attaching to test report 6-12 Creating 6-10 Operating level Editing 6-11 Function groups 5-2 MEMO IN REPORT 6-12...
Page 299 11 Index Outside diameter 5-47 PHANTOM PRF 5-57 Overview 1-9 Play 6-20 Functions of the first operating level 0-3, 0-4 POINT 5-98, 5-99 Functions of the second operating level 0-5, 0-6 POINT GAIN 5-98, 5-99 Keypad functions 0-9 POS HALFWAVE 5-19 Power level indicators 0-8 Power key 4-7 Status display icons 0-7...
Page 300 11 Index Printing 6-7 Probe Radio frequency 5-19 Connecting 3-9 RANGE 5-9, 5-10 PROBE # (DGS) 5-126 Rating PROBE ANGLE 5-45, 5-49 Welds 5-40 Probe data (DGS) 5-132 READING 5-58, 6-24 PROBE DELAY 5-10 Reading 4-5 Probe delay 5-10 Deleting 6-27 PROBE DELAY (probe delay) 5-10 Storing 6-26 Probe matching 5-16...
Page 301 11 Index RECORDING 6-17 Reject 0-7 Recording Remaining wall thickness 1-6 DAC curve 5-94 Reminder 0-7 JISDAC 5-105, 5-113 Reminder for calibration 5-87 Reference echo for dB-difference measurement 5- Remote control 6-21 Reference echo for DGS 5-127 Repair 7-3 Videos 6-16 REPLAY 6-19, 6-20 Recording a reference echo (DGS) 5-127 Report header 6-13...
Page 302 11 Index SD card SHOW REPORT 6-5 Icon 0-7 Side-drilled hole 5-50 Inserting 3-10 Skip distances 5-48 Removing 3-10 Software 1-2, 3-11, 7-4 SD memory card 0-7 Sound attenuation (DGS evaluation) 5-130 Second operating level 4-9, 5-4 Sound attenuation factor 5-41 Semi-automatic calibration 5-30, 5-34 Sound energy 5-14 Sensitivity correction 5-101, 5-108, 5-117...
Page 303 11 Index Store TEST ATTEN (sound attenuation in the test object) Readings 6-21 DGS evaluation 5-130 STORE DATASET 4-19 Test object material 1-6 STORE REPORT 6-3 Test report 6-2 Deleting 6-7 Storing 6-2 Displaying 6-5 A-scan 6-9 Printing 6-7 DAC curve point 5-95 Storing 6-2 Memo 6-10 Parameters 6-9...
Page 304 11 Index TRANSFER CORR. (sensitivity correction) 5-101, 5- Velocity 5-11 108, 5-117 Version number 5-51, 7-4 Transfer correction (DGS) 5-130 Video Transfer correction (JISDAC) 5-101, 5-108, 5-117 Recording 6-16 Viewing 6-19 Transfer loss 0-7 VIRTUAL LED 5-64 TRIG 5-44 VOLTAGE 5-13 trueDGS 5-135 Wall thickness 5-46 UGO 4-19...
Page 305 11 Index Zoom 4-3 USM 36 Issue 2 (12/2013) 11-17...
Page 306 11 Index 11-18 Issue 2 (12/2013) USM 36...

This manual is also suitable for:

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GE USM 36 Series Technical Reference And Operating Manual

1 Introduction

2 Standard Package and Accessories

3 Initial Start-Up

Principles of Operation

5 Operation

And GATE B)

6 Documentation

7 Maintenance and Care

8 Interfaces and Peripherals

9 Appendix

10 Specifications

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Summary of Contents for GE USM 36 Series