Page 1 ® Relion 670 SERIES Bay control REC670 Version 2.2 IEC Application manual...
Page 4 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) and Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com). Trademarks ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group. All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Page 5 Hitachi Power Grids be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this manual or the application of the equipment. ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Manufactured by/for a Hitachi Power Grids company.
Page 6 Conformity This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by Hitachi Power Grids in accordance with the product standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive, and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents Table of contents Section 1 Introduction....................19 This manual..........................19 Intended audience........................19 Product documentation......................20 1.3.1 Product documentation set....................20 1.3.2 Document revision history......................21 1.3.3 Related documents........................22 Document symbols and conventions..................22 1.4.1 Symbols............................
Page 8 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 4.2.3 Relationships between setting parameter Base Current, CT rated primary current and minimum pickup of a protection IED............. 73 4.2.4 Setting of voltage channels....................74 4.2.4.1 Example..........................74 4.2.4.2 Examples how to connect, configure and set VT inputs for most commonly used VT connections......................
Page 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents 7.1.3.1 Connections for three-phase high impedance differential protection....119 7.1.3.2 Connections for 1Ph High impedance differential protection HZPDIF....120 7.1.4 Setting guidelines........................121 7.1.4.1 Configuration........................121 7.1.4.2 Settings of protection function..................121 7.1.4.3 T-feeder protection......................121 7.1.4.4 Tertiary reactor protection.....................
Page 10 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 8.6.1 Identification........................... 161 8.6.2 Application..........................161 8.6.3 Setting guidelines........................162 Thermal overload protection, one time constant, Celsius/Fahrenheit LCPTTR/LFPTTR........................169 8.7.1 Identification...........................169 8.7.2 Application..........................169 8.7.3 Setting guideline........................170 Thermal overload protection, two time constants TRPTTR ..........171 8.8.1 Identification...........................
Page 11 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents 8.16.2 Application..........................203 8.16.2.1 Base quantities......................... 204 8.16.2.2 Application possibilities....................204 8.16.2.3 Undervoltage seal-in......................204 8.16.3 Setting guidelines........................205 8.16.3.1 Explanation of the setting parameters................205 8.16.3.2 Voltage-restrained overcurrent protection for generator and step-up transformer........................206 8.16.3.3 Overcurrent protection with undervoltage seal-in............
Page 12 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 9.3.3.5 Direct earthed system......................221 9.3.3.6 Settings for two step residual overvoltage protection..........221 Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV ................223 9.4.1 Identification...........................223 9.4.2 Application..........................223 9.4.3 Setting guidelines........................224 Loss of voltage check LOVPTUV ...................225 9.5.1 Identification...........................225 9.5.2...
Page 13 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents 11.3.1 Identification........................... 277 11.3.2 Application..........................277 11.3.3 Setting guidelines........................278 11.4 Frequency time accumulation protection function FTAQFVR........278 11.4.1 Identification...........................278 11.4.2 Application..........................278 11.4.3 Setting guidelines........................280 Section 12 Multipurpose protection................283 12.1 General current and voltage protection CVGAPC.............. 283 12.1.1 Identification...........................283 12.1.2...
Page 14 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 14.2.3.5 Delta U and delta I ......................304 14.2.3.6 Dead line detection......................305 14.3 Fuse failure supervision VDSPVC..................305 14.3.1 Identification.......................... 305 14.3.2 Application..........................305 14.3.3 Setting guidelines........................306 14.4 Voltage based delta supervision DELVSPVC..............307 14.4.1 Function revision history......................307 14.4.2...
Page 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents ARMode = 3ph, (normal setting for a three-phase shot).......... 332 15.2.2.8 ARMode = 1/2/3ph ......................332 15.2.2.9 ARMode = 1/2ph , 1-phase or 2-phase reclosing in the first shot......333 15.2.2.10 15.2.2.11 ARMode = 1ph+1*2ph, 1-phase or 2-phase reclosing in the first shot....333 15.2.2.12 ARMode = 1/2ph + 1*3ph, 1-phase, 2-phase or 3-phase reclosing in the first shot............................333...
Page 16 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 15.4.3.3 Signals from all feeders....................369 15.4.3.4 Signals from bus-coupler....................371 15.4.3.5 Configuration setting...................... 372 15.4.4 Interlocking for transformer bay AB_TRAFO ..............372 15.4.4.1 Application......................... 373 15.4.4.2 Signals from bus-coupler....................373 15.4.4.3 Configuration setting...................... 374 15.4.5 Interlocking for bus-section breaker A1A2_BS..............
Page 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents 15.9 Single point generic control 8 signals SPC8GAPC.............430 15.9.1 Identification...........................431 15.9.2 Application..........................431 15.9.3 Setting guidelines........................431 15.10 AutomationBits, command function for DNP3.0 AUTOBITS........... 431 15.10.1 Identification...........................431 15.10.2 Application..........................431 15.10.3 Setting guidelines........................432 15.11 Single command, 16 signals SINGLECMD................432 15.11.1...
Page 18 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 16.5.1 Identification.......................... 446 16.5.2 Application..........................446 16.5.2.1 Fault current reversal logic.....................446 16.5.2.2 Weak-end infeed logic..................... 447 16.5.3 Setting guidelines........................447 16.5.3.1 Current reversal........................ 448 16.5.3.2 Weak-end infeed.......................448 Section 17 Logic......................451 17.1 Tripping logic SMPPTRC ......................451 17.1.1 Function revision history......................
Page 19 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents 17.9.1 Identification.......................... 462 17.9.2 Application..........................462 17.10 Integer to Boolean 16 conversion IB16.................463 17.10.1 Identification.......................... 463 17.10.2 Application..........................463 17.11 Integer to Boolean 16 conversion with logic node representation ITBGAPC....464 17.11.1 Identification..........................
Page 20 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 18.5 Event function EVENT......................487 18.5.1 Identification.......................... 488 18.5.2 Application..........................488 18.5.3 Setting guidelines........................488 18.6 Disturbance report DRPRDRE....................488 18.6.1 Function revision history..................... 489 18.6.2 Identification.......................... 489 18.6.3 Application..........................489 18.6.4 Setting guidelines......................... 490 18.6.4.1 Recording times........................492 18.6.4.2...
Page 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents 18.12.3.5 t alarms....................517 Through fault 18.12.3.6 t and number of through faults....... 518 Initial values for cumulative 18.12.4 Setting examples........................518 18.12.4.1 Typical main CT connections for transformer............519 18.12.4.2 Application examples for power transformers............520 18.12.4.3 Application example for OHL..................
Page 22 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 21.2.3 Horizontal communication via GOOSE................545 21.2.3.1 Sending data........................545 21.2.3.2 Receiving data........................545 21.3 IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication protocol............... 546 21.3.1 Introduction..........................546 21.3.2 Faulty merging unit for bay in service................548 21.3.3 Bay out of service for maintenance................... 549 21.3.4 Setting guidelines........................549 21.3.4.1...
Page 23 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Table of contents 23.4.2 Setting guidelines........................579 Section 24 Basic IED functions..................581 24.1 IED identifiers TERMINALID....................581 24.1.1 Application..........................581 24.2 Product information PRODINF....................581 24.2.1 Application ..........................581 24.2.2 Factory defined settings...................... 581 24.3 Measured value expander block RANGE_XP............... 582 24.3.1 Identification..........................
Page 24 Table of contents 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K 24.13.2 Setting guidelines........................595 24.13.2.1 System time........................596 24.13.2.2 Synchronization........................ 596 24.13.2.3 Process bus IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE synchronization..........598 Section 25 Requirements..................... 599 25.1 Current transformer requirements..................599 25.1.1 Current transformer basic classification and requirements........599 25.1.2 Conditions..........................
Page 25: Introduction
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 1 Introduction Section 1 Introduction This manual GUID-AB423A30-13C2-46AF-B7FE-A73BB425EB5F v20 The application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per function. The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function can be used.
Page 26: Product Documentation
Section 1 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Introduction Product documentation 1.3.1 Product documentation set GUID-3AA69EA6-F1D8-47C6-A8E6-562F29C67172 v16 Engineering manual Installation manual Commissioning manual Operation manual Application manual Technical manual Communication protocol manual Cyber security deployment guideline IEC07000220-4-en.vsd IEC07000220 V4 EN-US Figure 1: The intended use of manuals throughout the product lifecycle The engineering manual contains instructions on how to engineer the IEDs using the various tools available within the PCM600 software.
Page 27: Document Revision History
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 1 Introduction The application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per function. The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function can be used. The manual can also provide assistance for calculating settings. The technical manual contains operation principle descriptions, and lists function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data, sorted per function.
Page 28: Related Documents
Section 1 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Introduction 1.3.3 Related documents GUID-94E8A5CA-BE1B-45AF-81E7-5A41D34EE112 v8 Documents related to REC670 Document numbers Application manual 1MRK 511 401-UEN Commissioning manual 1MRK 511 403-UEN Product guide 1MRK 511 404-BEN Technical manual 1MRK 511 402-UEN Type test certificate 1MRK 511 404-TEN 670 series manuals Document numbers...
Page 29: Document Conventions
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 1 Introduction The caution icon indicates important information or warning related to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of a hazard which could result in corruption of software or damage to equipment or property. The information icon alerts the reader of important facts and conditions.
Page 30 Section 1 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes ALTRK ALTRK BCZPDIF BCZPDIF BCZPDIF BCZSPDIF BCZSPDIF BCZSPDIF BCZTPDIF BCZTPDIF BCZTPDIF BDCGAPC SWSGGIO BBCSWI BDCGAPC BDZSGAPC BBS6LLN0 LLN0 BDZSGAPC BDZSGAPC BFPTRC_F01 BFPTRC BFPTRC BFPTRC_F02...
Page 31 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 1 Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes BUSPTRC_B3 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B4 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B5 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B6 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B7 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B8 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B9 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC BUSPTRC_B10 BUSPTRC BUSPTRC...
Page 32 Section 1 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes BZNSPDIF_B BZNSPDIF BZBSGAPC BZBSPDIF BZNSGAPC BZNSPDIF BZNTPDIF_A BZNTPDIF BZATGAPC BZATPDIF BZNTGAPC BZNTPDIF BZNTPDIF_B BZNTPDIF BZBTGAPC BZBTPDIF BZNTGAPC BZNTPDIF CBPGAPC CBPLLN0 CBPMMXU CBPMMXU CBPPTRC CBPPTRC...
Page 33 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 1 Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes FDPSPDIS FDPSPDIS FDPSPDIS FMPSPDIS FMPSPDIS FMPSPDIS FRPSPDIS FPSRPDIS FPSRPDIS FTAQFVR FTAQFVR FTAQFVR FUFSPVC SDDRFUF FUFSPVC SDDSPVC GENPDIF GENPDIF GENGAPC GENPDIF GENPHAR GENPTRC GOPPDOP GOPPDOP...
Page 34 Section 1 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes LFPTTR LFPTTR LFPTTR LMBRFLO LMBRFLO LMBRFLO LOLSPTR LOLSPTR LOLSPTR LOVPTUV LOVPTUV LOVPTUV LPHD LPHD LPTTR LPTTR LPTTR LT3CPDIF LT3CPDIF LT3CGAPC LT3CPDIF LT3CPHAR LT3CPTRC LT6CPDIF...
Page 35 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 1 Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes ROTIPHIZ ROTIPHIZ ROTIPHIZ ROTIPTRC ROV2PTOV GEN2LLN0 PH1PTRC PH1PTRC ROV2PTOV ROV2PTOV SAPFRC SAPFRC SAPFRC SAPTOF SAPTOF SAPTOF SAPTUF SAPTUF SAPTUF SCCVPTOC SCCVPTOC SCCVPTOC SCHLCCH SCHLCCH...
Page 36 Section 1 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes TEIGAPC TEIGGIO TEIGAPC TEIGGIO TEILGAPC TEILGGIO TEILGAPC TMAGAPC TMAGGIO TMAGAPC TPPIOC TPPIOC TPPIOC TR1ATCC TR1ATCC TR1ATCC TR8ATCC TR8ATCC TR8ATCC TRPTTR TRPTTR TRPTTR U2RWPTUV GEN2LLN0...
Page 37 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 1 Introduction Function block name Edition 1 logical nodes Edition 2 logical nodes ZMMPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMMPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQAPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMQPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRAPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPDIS ZMRPSB ZMRPSB ZMRPSB ZSMGAPC ZSMGAPC ZSMGAPC Bay control REC670 Application manual ©...
Page 39: Application
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application Section 2 Application General IED application M13637-3 v14 The Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) is used for the control, protection and monitoring of different types of bays in power networks. The IED is especially suitable for applications in control systems where the IEC 61850–8–1 Ed 1 or Ed 2 station bus features of the IED can be fully utilized.
Page 40: Main Protection Functions
Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application Forcing of binary inputs and outputs is a convenient way to test wiring in substations as well as testing configuration logic in the IEDs. Basically it means that all binary inputs and outputs on the IED I/O modules (BOM, BIM, IOM &...
Page 41: Back-Up Protection Functions
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application Back-up protection functions GUID-A8D0852F-807F-4442-8730-E44808E194F0 v16 IEC 61850 or ANSI Function description Bay control function name REC670 (Customized) Current protection PHPIOC Instantaneous phase 1-C51 2-C52 2-C53 1-C51 overcurrent protection OC4PTOC Directional phase 1-C51 2-C52 2-C53 1-C51...
Page 42 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function description Bay control function name REC670 (Customized) VRPVOC Voltage restrained 1-C35 1-C35 1-C35 1-C35 overcurrent protection APPTEF 67NT Average power transient earth fault protection Voltage protection UV2PTUV Two step undervoltage 2-D02 2-D02...
Page 43: Control And Monitoring Functions
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function description Bay control function name REC670 (Customized) CVGAPC General current and 4-F01 4-F01 4-F01 4-F01 voltage protection General calculation SMAIHPAC Multipurpose filter 1) 67 requires voltage 2) 67N requires voltage Control and monitoring functions GUID-E3777F16-0B76-4157-A3BF-0B6B978863DE v20 IEC 61850 or...
Page 44 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function Bay control function name description REC670 (Customized) APC30 Control functionality for up to 6 bays, max 30 objects (6CBs), including interlocking (see Table 6) QCBAY Bay control 1+5/APC30 1+5/ APC3...
Page 45 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function Bay control function name description REC670 (Customized) DPGAPC Generic communicati on function for Double Point indication SPC8GAPC Single point generic control function 8 signals AUTOBITS Automation bits, command function for DNP3.0...
Page 46 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function Bay control function name description REC670 (Customized) FUFSPVC Fuse failure supervision VDSPVC Fuse failure 1-G03 1-G03 1-G03 1-G03 supervision based on voltage difference DELVSPVC 7V_78 Voltage delta supervision, 2 phase DELISPVC...
Page 47 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function Bay control function name description REC670 (Customized) AND, GATE, INV, Extension LLD, OR, logic package PULSETIMER, (see Table 8) RSMEMORY, SLGAPC, SRMEMORY, TIMERSET, VSGAPC, XOR FXDSIGN Fixed signal function block B16I...
Page 48 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function Bay control function name description REC670 (Customized) Monitoring CVMMXN Power system measuremen CMMXU Current measuremen VMMXU Voltage measuremen t phase- phase CMSQI Current sequence measuremen VMSQI Voltage sequence measuremen VNMMXU...
Page 49 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function Bay control function name description REC670 (Customized) BINSTATREP Logical signal status report RANGE_XP Measured value expander block SSIMG Insulation supervision for gas medium SSIML Insulation supervision for liquid medium SSCBR Circuit...
Page 50 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or ANSI Function Bay control function name description REC670 (Customized) I103USRDEF Status for user defined signals for 60870-5-103 L4UFCNT Event counter with limit supervision TEILGAPC Running hour meter PTRSTHR 51TF Through fault 2-M22 2-M22...
Page 51 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application Table 4: Number of function instances in APC10 Function name Function description Total number of instances SCILO Interlocking BB_ES A1A2_BS A1A2_DC ABC_BC BH_CONN BH_LINE_A BH_LINE_B DB_BUS_A DB_BUS_B DB_LINE ABC_LINE AB_TRAFO SCSWI Switch controller SXSWI Circuit switch QCRSV...
Page 52 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application Function name Function description Total number of instances QCRSV Reservation function block for apparatus control RESIN1 RESIN2 POS_EVAL Evaluation of position indication XLNPROXY Proxy for signals from switching device via GOOSE GOOSEXLNRCV GOOSE function block to receive a switching device Table 6:...
Page 53: Communication
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application Configurable logic blocks Q/T Total number of instances INVERTERQT ORQT PULSETIMERQT RSMEMORYQT SRMEMORYQT TIMERSETQT XORQT Table 8: Total number of instances for extended logic package Extended configurable logic block Total number of instances GATE PULSETIMER RSMEMORY...
Page 54 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or function ANSI Function description Bay control name REC670 (Customized) CHSERRS485 DNP3.0 for EIA-485 communication protocol CH1TCP, CH2TCP, DNP3.0 for TCP/IP CH3TCP, CH4TCP communication protocol CHSEROPT DNP3.0 for TCP/IP and EIA-485 communication protocol MSTSER...
Page 55 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application IEC 61850 or function ANSI Function description Bay control name REC670 (Customized) PCMACCS IED configuration protocol SECALARM Component for mapping security events on protocols such as DNP3 and IEC103 FSTACCSNA Field service tool access via SPA protocol over Ethernet communication FSTACCS...
Page 56 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or function ANSI Function description Bay control name REC670 (Customized) BinSignTrans1_1 Binary signal transfer, 3/3/6 3/3/6 3/3/6 3/3/6 3/3/6 BinSignTrans1_2 transmit BinSignTransm2 BSR2M_305 Binary signal transfer, BSR2M_312 2Mbit receive BSR2M_322 BSR2M_306 BSR2M_313 BSR2M_323...
Page 57: Basic Ied Functions
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 2 Application Table 9: Number of function instances in Synchrophasor report, 8 phasors Function name Function description Total number of instances PMUCONF Configuration parameters for IEC/IEEE 60255-118 (C37.118) 2011 and IEEE1344 protocol PMUREPORT Protocol reporting via IEEE 1344 and IEC/IEEE 60255-118 (C37.118) PHASORREPORT1 Protocol reporting of phasor data via IEEE 1344 and IEC/IEEE 60255-118 (C37.118) , phasors 1-8...
Page 58 Section 2 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Application IEC 61850 or function Description name SMBO Signal matrix for binary outputs SMMI Signal matrix for mA inputs SMAI1 - SMAI12 Signal matrix for analog inputs 3PHSUM Summation block 3 phase ATHSTAT Authority status ATHCHCK Authority check...
Page 59: Configuration
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 3 Configuration Section 3 Configuration Description of configuration REC670 IP14799-1 v2 3.1.1 Introduction IP14800-1 v1 3.1.1.1 Description of configuration A30 M15200-3 v8 The configuration of the IED is shown in Figure 2. This configuration is used in single breaker arrangements with single or double busbar. Control, measuring and interlocking is fully configured.
Page 60: Description Of Configuration B30
Section 3 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Configuration REC670 A30 – Double busbar in single breaker arrangement 12AI (6I + 6U) Control Control Control Control Control Control S CILO S CILO S CSWI S CSWI S XSWI S XSWI Control Control Control Control...
Page 61: Description Of Configuration C30
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 3 Configuration version with control is to use two binary input modules and one or two binary output modules. For systems without Substation Automation a second binary output board might be required. REC670 B30 - Double breaker arrangement 12AI (6I + 6U) Control Control Control...
Page 62 Section 3 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Configuration Control, measuring and interlocking is fully configured, including communication with other bays such as other lines and the bus coupler over GOOSE. The following should be noted. The configuration is made with the binary input and binary output boards in the basic IED delivery.
Page 63: Description Of Configuration D30
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 3 Configuration 3.1.1.4 Description of configuration D30 GUID-15D86A4C-4D37-432E-8DC2-518814830097 v2 REC670 D30 – Double busbar in single breaker arrangement with PMU functionality 12AI (6I + 6U) Control Control Control Control Control Control S CILO S CILO S CSWI S CSWI S XSWI...
Page 65: Analog Inputs
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Section 4 Analog inputs Introduction SEMOD55003-5 v11 Analog input channels must be configured and set properly in order to get correct measurement results and correct protection operations. For power measuring, all directional and differential functions, the directions of the input currents must be defined in order to reflect the way the current transformers are installed/connected in the field ( primary and secondary connections ).
Page 66: Setting Of Current Channels
Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs 4.2.2 Setting of current channels SEMOD55055-16 v6 The direction of a current to the IED is depending on the connection of the CT. Unless indicated otherwise, the main CTs are supposed to be star connected and can be connected with the earthing point to the object or from the object.
Page 67: Example 2
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Line Transformer Line Reverse Forward Definition of direction for directional functions Transformer protection Line protection Setting of current input: Setting of current input: Setting of current input: Set parameter Set parameter Set parameter CTStarPoint with CTStarPoint with...
Page 68: Example 3
Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs Transformer Line Reverse Forward Definition of direction for directional functions Transformer protection Line protection Setting of current input: Setting of current input: Setting of current input: Set parameter Set parameter Set parameter CTStarPoint with CTStarPoint with CTStarPoint with...
Page 69 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Transformer Line Forward Reverse Definition of direction for directional Transformer and line functions Line protection Setting of current input: Setting of current input: Set parameter Set parameter CTStarPoint with CTStarPoint with Transformer as Transformer as reference object.
Page 70 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs Transformer Line Reverse Forward Definition of direction for directional Transformer and line functions Line protection Setting of current input for line functions: Set parameter CTStarPoint with Line as reference object. Setting of current input Setting of current input Correct setting is for transformer functions:...
Page 71 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Busbar Busbar Protection en06000196.vsd IEC06000196 V2 EN-US Figure 11: Example how to set CTStarPoint parameters in the IED CTStarPoint parameters in two ways. For busbar protection, it is possible to set the The first solution will be to use busbar as a reference object.
Page 72: Examples On How To Connect, Configure And Set Ct Inputs For Most Commonly Used Ct Connections
Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs 4.2.2.4 Examples on how to connect, configure and set CT inputs for most commonly used CT connections SEMOD55055-296 v7 Figure defines the marking of current transformer terminals commonly used around the world: In the SMAI function block, you have to set if the SMAI block is measuring AnalogInputType : Current/...
Page 73: Example On How To Connect A Star Connected Three-Phase Ct Set To The Ied
1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs 4.2.2.5 Example on how to connect a star connected three-phase CT set to the SEMOD55055-352 v11 Figure gives an example about the wiring of a star connected two-phase CT set to the IED. It gives an overview of the actions which are needed to make this measurement available to the built-in protection and control functions within the IED as well.
Page 74 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs These three connections are the links between the three current inputs and the three input channels of the preprocessing function block 4). Depending on the type of functions, which need this current information, more than one preprocessing block might be connected in parallel to the same three physical CT inputs.
Page 75 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs CTprim =600A • • CTsec =5A CTStarPoint =FromObject • The ratio of the first two parameters is only used inside the IED. The third parameter as set in this example will negate the measured currents in order to ensure that the currents are measured towards the protected object within the IED.
Page 76: Example How To Connect Delta Connected Three-Phase Ct Set To The Ied
Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs Are three connections made in the Signal Matrix tool (SMT) and Application configuration tool (ACT), which connects these three current inputs to the first three input channels on the preprocessing function block 6). Depending on the type of functions, which need this current information, more than one preprocessing block might be connected in parallel to these three CT inputs.
Page 77 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs IL1-IL2 SMAI2 BLOCK AI3P IL2-IL3 REVROT ^GRP2L1 IL3-IL1 ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L3 ^GRP2N IEC11000027-3-en.vsdx Protected Object IEC11000027 V3 EN-US Figure 16: Delta DAB connected three-phase CT set Where: shows how to connect three individual phase currents from a delta connected three-phase CT set to three CT inputs of the IED.
Page 78: Example How To Connect Single-Phase Ct To The Ied
Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs IL1-IL3 SMAI2 BLOCK AI3P REVROT IL2-IL1 ^GRP2L1 ^GRP2L2 IL3-IL2 ^GRP2L3 ^GRP2N IEC11000028-3-en.vsdx Protected Object IEC11000028 V3 EN-US Figure 17: Delta DAC connected three-phase CT set In this case, everything is done in a similar way as in the above described example, except that for all used current inputs on the TRM the following setting parameters shall be entered: =800A prim...
Page 79 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Protected Object SMAI2 BLOCK AI3P REVROT ^GRP2L1 ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L3 ^GRP2N IEC11000029-4-en.vsdx IEC11000029 V4 EN-US Figure 18: Connections for single-phase CT input Where: shows how to connect single-phase CT input in the IED. is TRM where these current inputs are located.
Page 80 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs IBase in the IED to be equal to the largest rated CT primary current to set the parameter among all CTs involved in the protection scheme and installed on the same voltage level. This will effectively make the protection scheme less sensitive;...
Page 81 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Where: is the symbol and terminal marking used in this document. Terminals marked with a square indicate the primary and secondary winding terminals with the same (positive) polarity is the equivalent symbol and terminal marking used by IEC (ANSI) standard for phase-to-earth connected VTs is the equivalent symbol and terminal marking used by IEC (ANSI) standard for open delta connected VTs...
Page 82 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs SMAI2 BLOCK AI3P REVROT ^GRP2L1 ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L3 ^GRP2N #Not used IEC06000599-4-en.vsdx IEC06000599 V4 EN-US Figure 20: A Three phase-to-earth connected VT SMAI2 BLOCK AI2P ^GRP2L1 ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L1L2 ^GRP2N IEC16000140-1-en.vsdx IEC16000140 V1 EN-US Figure 21: A two phase-to-earth connected VT Bay control REC670...
Page 83 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Where: shows how to connect three secondary phase-to-earth voltages to three VT inputs on the IED is the TRM where these three voltage inputs are located. For these three voltage inputs, the following setting values shall be entered: VTprim = 132 kV VTsec = 110 V...
Page 84 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs 13.8 13.8 SMAI2 BLOCK AI3P REVROT ^GRP2L1 ^GRP2L2 ^GRP2L3 #Not Used ^GRP2N IEC06000600-5-en.vsdx IEC06000600 V5 EN-US Figure 22: A Two phase-to-phase connected VT Where: shows how to connect the secondary side of a phase-to-phase VT to the VT inputs on the IED is the TRM where these three voltage inputs are located.
Page 85 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs 4.2.4.5 Example on how to connect an open delta VT to the IED for high impedance earthed or unearthed networks SEMOD55055-163 v9 Figure gives an example about the wiring of an open delta VT to the IED for high impedance earthed or unearthed power systems.
Page 86 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs Where: shows how to connect the secondary side of the open delta VT to one VT input on the IED. +3U0 shall be connected to the IED is the TRM where this voltage input is located. It shall be noted that for this voltage input the following setting values shall be entered: ×...
Page 87 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs Ph Ph Ph E (Equation 7) EQUATION1926 V1 EN-US The primary rated voltage of such VT is always equal to UPh-E Therefore, three series connected VT secondary windings will give the secondary voltage equal only to one individual VT secondary winding rating.
Page 88 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs Where: shows how to connect the secondary side of open delta VT to one VT input in the IED. +3Uo shall be connected to the IED. is TRM where this voltage input is located. It shall be noted that for this voltage input the following setting values shall be entered: ×...
Page 89 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 4 Analog inputs (Equation 11) EQUATION1931 V2 EN-US Figure 25gives an overview of required actions by the user in order to make this measurement available to the built-in protection and control functions within the IED. Protected Object SMAI2 BLOCK...
Page 90 Section 4 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Analog inputs shows that in this example the first three input channel of the preprocessing block is not connected in SMT tool or ACT tool. shows the connection made in Signal Matrix Tool (SMT), Application configuration tool (ACT), which connects this voltage input to the fourth input channel of the preprocessing function block 5).
Page 91 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 5 Local HMI Section 5 Local HMI AMU0600442 v15 IEC13000239-3-en.vsd IEC13000239 V3 EN-US Figure 26: Local human-machine interface The LHMI of the IED contains the following elements • Keypad • Display (LCD) • LED indicators •...
Page 92 Section 5 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Local HMI Display GUID-55739D4F-1DA5-4112-B5C7-217AAF360EA5 v13 The LHMI includes a graphical monochrome liquid crystal display (LCD) with a resolution of 320 x 240 pixels. The character size can vary. The amount of characters and rows fitting the view depends on the character size and the view that is shown.
Page 93 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 5 Local HMI IEC13000281-1-en.vsd GUID-C98D972D-D1D8-4734-B419-161DBC0DC97B V1 EN-US Figure 28: Function button panel The indication LED panel shows on request the alarm text labels for the indication LEDs. Three indication LED pages are available. IEC13000240-1-en.vsd GUID-5157100F-E8C0-4FAB-B979-FD4A971475E3 V1 EN-US Figure 29: Indication LED panel The function button and indication LED panels are not visible at the same time.
Page 94 Section 5 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Local HMI three LED groups. The LEDs are lit according to priority, with red being the highest and green the lowest priority. For example, if on one panel there is an indication that requires the green LED to be lit, and on another panel there is an indication that requires the red LED to be lit, the red LED takes priority and is lit.
Page 95 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 5 Local HMI IEC15000157-2-en.vsd IEC15000157 V2 EN-US Figure 31: LHMI keypad with object control, navigation and command push-buttons and RJ-45 communication port 1...5 Function button Close Open Escape Left Down Right Enter Remote/Local Uplink LED Not in use Multipage Menu...
Page 96 Section 5 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Local HMI Communication port Programmable indication LEDs IED status LEDs Local HMI functionality 5.4.1 Protection and alarm indication GUID-09CCB9F1-9B27-4C12-B253-FBE95EA537F5 v18 Protection indicators The protection indicator LEDs are Ready, Start and Trip. The yellow and red status LEDs are configured in the disturbance recorder function, DRPRDRE, by connecting a start or trip signal from the actual function to a BxRBDR binary input function block using the PCM600 and configure the Off , Start or Trip for that particular signal.
Page 97 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 5 Local HMI Alarm indicators The 15 programmable three-color LEDs are used for alarm indication. An individual alarm/ status signal, connected to any of the LED function blocks, can be assigned to one of the three LED colors when configuring the IED.
Page 98 Section 5 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Local HMI IEC13000280-1-en.vsd GUID-AACFC753-BFB9-47FE-9512-3C4180731A1B V1 EN-US Figure 32: RJ-45 communication port and green indicator LED 1 RJ-45 connector 2 Green indicator LED The default IP address for the IED front port is 10.1.150.3 and the corresponding subnetwork mask is 255.255.255.0.
Page 99 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system Section 6 Wide area measurement system IEC/IEEE 60255-118 (C37.118) Phasor Measurement Data Streaming Protocol Configuration PMUCONF GUID-747C6AD7-E6A1-466E-92D1-68865681F92F v2 6.1.1 Identification GUID-1E140EA0-D198-443A-B445-47CEFD2E6134 v2 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number...
Page 100 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system PMU ID 1344/C37.118 PMUREPORT: 1 PMUREPORT: 2 TCP Client_1 1344/C37.118 TCP Client_2 1344/C37.118 TCP Client_3 PMU ID: X 1344/C37.118 TCP Client_4 TCP IP PMU ID: Y TCP Port 1344/C37.118 TCP Client_5 1344/C37.118 TCP Client_6...
Page 101 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system PMUREPORT instance configured in the IED with matching PMU ID, then the client connection over TCP with the IED will be established and further communication will take place. TCPCtrlCfgErrCnt is incremented in the Otherwise, the connection will be terminated and the PMU Diagnostics on the Local HMI under Main menu/Diagnostics/Communication/PMU diagnostics/PMUSTATUS:1...
Page 102 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system PMU clients are receiving the same UDP stream from the same UDP group (UDP client group[x]). As shown in Figure 33, there are maximum 2 instances of PMUREPORT function blocks available in the IED.
Page 103 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system PMU ID, format of the data streamed through the protocol, the type of reported synchrophasors, as well as settings for reporting analog and digital signals. The message generated by the PMUREPORT function block is set in accordance with the IEC/ IEEE 60255-118 (C37.118) and/or IEEE 1344 standards.
Page 104 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system IEC140000119-2-en.vsd IEC140000119 V2 EN-US Figure 35: Multiple instances of PHASORREPORT blocks Figure shows both instances of ANALOGREPORT function blocks. The instance number is visible in the bottom of each function block. For each instance, there are three separate ANALOGREPORT blocks capable of reporting up to 24 Analog signals (8 Analog signals in each ANALOGREPORT block).
Page 105 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system IEC140000121-2-en.vsd IEC140000121 V2 EN-US Figure 37: Multiple instances of BINARYREPORT blocks 6.2.3 Operation principle GUID-EB2B9096-2F9D-4264-B2D2-8D9DC65697E8 v3 The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) features three main functional principles: • To measure the power system related AC quantities (voltage, current) and to calculate the phasor representation of these quantities.
Page 106 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system U/I samples PMUREPORT1 PHASOR1 PHASOR2 8 TCP IEEEC37.118 / 1344 SMAI messages 6 UDC PHASOR32 ANALOG1 ANALOG2 SMMI ANALOG24 MEAS. BINARY1 BINARY2 BINARY24 PROTECTION GPS / FREQTRIG IRIG-B DFDTTRIG PPS time data MAGHIGHTRIG MAGLOWTRIG...
Page 107 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system PhasorXUseFreqSrc ) to be used channel. Every phasor channel has a user-settable parameter ( as a source of frequency data for reporting to the PDC client. It is very important to set this parameter to On for the voltage-connected phasor channels.
Page 108 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system The synchrophasor measurement is adaptive as it follows the fundamental frequency over a wide range despite the reporting rate. For example, when the synchrophasor measurement follows the fundamental frequency beyond the fixed Nyquist limits in C37.118 standard, the anti-aliasing filter stopband moves with the measured fundamental frequency.
Page 109 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system The server uses CFG-3 scale factor to scale the analog data values. As a result, the clients which use scale factors in CFG-3 in order to recalculate analog values, will get a better resolution than using the scale factors in CFG-2.
Page 110 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system Only SMAI or 3PHSUM blocks shall be connected to PMU PHASORREPORT blocks and they shall have the same cycle time, 0.9 ms. Figure shows an example of correct connection of SMAI and PHASORREPORT blocks in ACT where both function blocks are working on 0.9 ms cycle time.
Page 111 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system IEC140000126-2-en.vsd IEC140000126 V2 EN-US Figure 41: PMUREPORT settings in PCM600 PST Figure shows an example of correct connection of SMAI and PHASORREPORT blocks in ACT where two different SMAI blocks are connected to different PHASORREPORT blocks with different instance numbers.
Page 112 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system IEC140000128-2-en.vsd IEC140000128 V2 EN-US Figure 43: An example of wrong connection of SMAI and PHASORREPORT blocks in ACT Rule 3: This rule is only related to the connection of 3PHSUM block to the PHASORREPORT block. If 3PHSUM block is configured to use external DFT reference (from SMAI reference block), it shall only be connected to the same PHASORREPORT block instance as the one the SMAI reference block is connected to.
Page 113 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system IEC140000130-1-en.vsd IEC140000130 V1 EN-US Figure 45: SMAI1 setting parameters example-showing that SMAI3 is selected as the DFT reference (DFTRefGrp3) IEC140000131-1-en IEC140000131 V1 EN-US Figure 46: 3PHSUM setting parameters example-showing that 3PHSUM is using the External DFT reference coming indirectly from SMAI3 Figure shows an example of wrong connection of 3PHSUM and PHASORREPORT blocks in...
Page 114 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system IEC140000132-2-en.vsd IEC140000132 V2 EN-US Figure 47: An example of wrong connection of 3PHSUM and PHASORREPORT blocks in If settings for PMUREPORT instances (PHASORREPORT1 instances 1 and 2 above) differ for SvcClass or ReportRate, then the synchrophasor reported by PHASOR2 connection from PHASORREPORT1 instance 2 will not be compliant with IEEE C37.118 standard.
Page 115 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system ReportRates, or if rule 3 is violated. In such cases, the synchrophasors may only fail to comply (with small error) in some particular test case(s). For more information regarding 3PHSUM block application, please refer to the Application Manual under section Basic IED functions.
Page 116 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system user can select the data type of the calculated synchrophasors. The options are Integer or Float data. The synchrophasor data are sent via the PHASORS field of data frame organization of 60255-118-2011 message format. Depends on the phasor data type, the size of PHASORS field can be 4 (Integer) or 8 (Float) bytes per 60255-118-2011 message.
Page 117 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 6 Wide area measurement system • 30/25 fr/s (60/50Hz) • 60/50 fr/s (60/50Hz) • 120/100 fr/s (60/50Hz) • 240/200 fr/s (60/50Hz) The first number is identifying the reporting rate in a 60Hz system, and the second number is the reporting rate in a 50Hz system.
Page 118 Section 6 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Wide area measurement system Integer . More information is available under the section selected as Scaling Factors for ANALOGREPORT channels. AnalogXUnitType : Unit type for analog signal X. It refers to the 4-byte ANUNIT field •...
Page 119 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 7 Differential protection Section 7 Differential protection High impedance differential protection, single phase HZPDIF IP14239-1 v4 7.1.1 Identification M14813-1 v4 IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 Function description identification identification device number High impedance differential HZPDIF protection, single phase SYMBOL-CC V2 EN-US...
Page 120 Section 7 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Differential protection 3·Id 3·Id 3·Id 3·Id 3·Id IEC05000163-4-en.vsd IEC05000163 V4 EN-US 3·Id Z< 3·Id Z< IEC05000738-3-en.vsd IEC05000738 V3 EN-US Bay control REC670 Application manual © Copyright 2017 Hitachi Power Grids. All rights reserved...
Page 121 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 7 Differential protection Figure 48: Different applications of a 1Ph High impedance differential protection HZPDIF function 7.1.2.1 The basics of the high impedance principle SEMOD54734-153 v9 The high impedance differential protection principle has been used for many years and is well documented in literature publicly available.
Page 122 Section 7 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Differential protection calculations are made with the worst situations in mind and a minimum operating voltage U is calculated according to equation > × Rct Rl (Equation 16) EQUATION1531 V1 EN-US where: IF max is the maximum through fault current at the secondary side of the CT is the current transformer secondary winding resistance and is the maximum loop resistance of the circuit at any CT.
Page 123 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 7 Differential protection Table 17: 1 A channels: input with minimum operating down to 40 mA Operating Stabilizing Operating Stabilizing Operating voltage resistor R current level resistor R current level U>Trip ohms ohms 20 V 0.040 A 40 V 1000...
Page 124 Section 7 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Differential protection Series resistor thermal capacity SEMOD54734-336 v6 U>Trip /SeriesResistor should The series resistor is dimensioned for 200 W. Preferably, the always be lower than 200 W to allow continuous activation during testing. If this value is exceeded, testing should be done with a transient faults.
Page 125 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 7 Differential protection 7.1.3 Connection examples for high impedance differential protection GUID-8C58A73D-7C2E-4BE5-AB87-B4C93FB7D62B v5 WARNING! USE EXTREME CAUTION! Dangerously high voltages might be present on this equipment, especially on the plate with resistors. De-energize the primary object protected with this equipment before connecting or disconnecting wiring or performing any maintenance.
Page 126 Section 7 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Differential protection Factory-made star point on a three-phase setting resistor set. The star point connector must be removed for installations with 670 series IEDs. This star point is required for RADHA schemes only. Connections of three individual phase currents for high impedance scheme to three CT inputs in the IED.
Page 127 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 7 Differential protection 7.1.4 Setting guidelines IP14945-1 v1 M13076-3 v2 The setting calculations are individual for each application. Refer to the different application descriptions below. 7.1.4.1 Configuration M13076-5 v4 The configuration is done in the Application Configuration tool. 7.1.4.2 Settings of protection function M13076-10 v6...
Page 128 Section 7 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Differential protection 3·Id IEC05000165-2-en.vsd IEC05000165 V2 EN-US 3·Id IEC05000739-2-en.vsd IEC05000739 V2 EN-US Figure 53: The protection scheme utilizing the high impedance function for the T-feeder Normally this scheme is set to achieve a sensitivity of around 20 percent of the used CT primary rating so that a low ohmic value can be used for the series resistor.
Page 129 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 7 Differential protection It is strongly recommended to use the highest tap of the CT whenever high impedance protection is used. This helps in utilizing maximum CT capability, minimize the secondary fault current, thereby reducing the stability voltage limit.
Page 130 Section 7 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Differential protection It can clearly be seen that the sensitivity is not so much influenced by the selected voltage level so a sufficient margin should be used. The selection of the stabilizing resistor and the level of the magnetizing current (mostly dependent of the number of turns) are the most important factors.
Page 131 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 7 Differential protection Setting example It is strongly recommended to use the highest tap of the CT whenever high impedance protection is used. This helps in utilizing maximum CT capability, minimize the secondary fault, thereby reducing the stability voltage limit. Another factor is that during internal faults, the voltage developed across the selected tap is limited by the non-linear resistor but in the unused taps, owing to auto-transformer action, voltages much higher than design limits might be...
Page 132 Section 7 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Differential protection 7.1.4.5 Alarm level operation M16850-196 v6 The 1Ph High impedance differential protection HZPDIF function has a separate alarm level, which can be used to give alarm for problems with an involved current transformer circuit. The U>Trip .
Page 133 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Section 8 Current protection Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection PHPIOC IP14506-1 v6 8.1.1 Identification M14880-1 v5 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Instantaneous phase overcurrent PHPIOC protection 3I>>...
Page 134 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection during three-phase fault conditions. But also examine single-phase-to-earth and two-phase- to-earth conditions. Also study transients that could cause a high increase of the line current for short times. A typical example is a transmission line with a power transformer at the remote end, which can cause high inrush current when connected to the network and can thus also cause the operation of the built-in, instantaneous, overcurrent protection.
Page 135 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Fault IEC09000023-1-en.vsd IEC09000023 V1 EN-US Figure 57: Through fault current from B to A: I The IED must not trip for any of the two through-fault currents. Hence the minimum theoretical current setting (Imin) will be: ³...
Page 136 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection 8.1.3.2 Meshed network with parallel line M12915-34 v7 In case of parallel lines, the influence of the induced current from the parallel line to the protected line has to be considered. One example is given in Figure 59, where the two lines are connected to the same busbars.
Page 137 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Directional phase overcurrent protection, four steps OC4PTOC SEMOD129998-1 v8 8.2.1 Identification M14885-1 v6 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Directional phase overcurrent OC4PTOC 51_67 protection, four steps TOC-REVA V2 EN-US 8.2.2 Application...
Page 138 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection to the current pick-up level. This multiplication factor is activated from a binary input signal to the function. Power transformers can have a large inrush current, when being energized. This phenomenon is due to saturation of the transformer magnetic core during parts of the period.
Page 139 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection IEC09000636_2_vsd IEC09000636 V2 EN-US Figure 60: Directional function characteristic RCA = Relay characteristic angle ROA = Relay operating angle Reverse Forward 8.2.3.1 Settings for each step M12982-19 v10 x means step 1, 2, 3 and 4. DirModex : The directional mode of step x .
Page 140 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Curve name ANSI/IEEE Definite time ANSI Long Time Extremely Inverse ANSI Long Time Very Inverse ANSI Long Time Inverse IEC Normal Inverse IEC Very Inverse IEC Inverse IEC Extremely Inverse IEC Short Time Inverse IEC Long Time Inverse IEC Definite Time User Programmable...
Page 141 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Operate time txMin IMinx Current IEC10000058 IEC10000058 V2 EN-US Figure 61: Minimum operate current and operate time for inverse time characteristics txMin shall be In order to fully comply with the definition of the curve, the setting parameter set to a value equal to the operating time of the selected inverse curve for twenty times the set current pickup value.
Page 142 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection æ ö ç ÷ ç ÷ × IxMult ç ÷ æ ö ç ç ÷ ÷ è è ø ø > (Equation 30) EQUATION1261 V2 EN-US tPRCrvx , tTRCrvx , tCRCrvx : These parameters are used by the customer to create the inverse Technical manual .
Page 143 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Im ax ³ × Ipu 1.2 (Equation 31) EQUATION1262 V2 EN-US where: is a safety factor is the reset ratio of the protection Imax is the maximum load current The load current up to the present situation can be found from operation statistics. The current setting must remain valid for several years.
Page 144 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection ³ × × high (Equation 34) EQUATION1265 V1 EN-US where: is a safety factor is a factor that takes care of the transient overreach due to the DC component of the fault current and can be considered to be less than 1.05 Iscmax is the largest fault current at a fault at the most remote point of the primary protection zone.
Page 145 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection significantly between different protective equipment. The following time delays can be estimated: Protection operation 15-60 ms time: Protection resetting 15-60 ms time: Breaker opening time: 20-120 ms Example for time coordination Assume two substations A and B directly connected to each other via one line, as shown in the Figure 64.
Page 146 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection D ³ (Equation 35) EQUATION1266 V1 EN-US where it is considered that: the operate time of overcurrent protection B1 is 40 ms the breaker open time is 100 ms the resetting time of protection A1 is 40 ms and the additional margin is 40 ms...
Page 147 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Fault IEC09000022-1-en.vsd IEC09000022 V1 EN-US Figure 65: Through fault current from A to B: I Fault IEC09000023-1-en.vsd IEC09000023 V1 EN-US Figure 66: Through fault current from B to A: I The function shall not operate for any of the calculated currents to the protection. The minimum theoretical current setting (Imin) will be: ...
Page 148 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Line 1 Fault Line 2 IEC09000025-1-en.vsd IEC09000025 V1 EN-US Figure 67: Two parallel lines. Influence from parallel line to the through fault current: I The minimum theoretical current setting (Imin) will in this case be: ³...
Page 149 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Directional residual overcurrent protection, four steps EF4PTOC IP14509-1 v8 8.4.1 Function revision history GUID-0F9199B0-3F86-45E0-AFC2-747052A20AE1 v1 Document Product History revision revision 2.2.1 2.2.1 2.2.2 Technical data table updated with note “Operate time and reset time are only valid if harmonic blocking is turned off for a step”.
Page 150 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection transmission systems. The directional residual overcurrent protection is also well suited to operate in teleprotection communication schemes, which enables fast clearance of earth faults on transmission lines. The directional function uses the polarizing quantity as decided by setting.
Page 151 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection harmonic restrain if the level of 2 harmonic current reaches a value above a set percent of the fundamental current. Phase selection element also provides fast and reliable faulty phase identification for phase selective tripping and subsequent reclosing during earth fault.
Page 152 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Upol = -3U Operation IN>Dir IEC05000135-5-en.vsdx IEC05000135 V5 EN-US Figure 68: Relay characteristic angle given in degree In a normal transmission network a normal value of RCA is about 65°. The setting range is -180° to +180°.
Page 153 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection IN>Dir : Operate residual current release level in % of IB for directional comparison scheme. The setting is given in % of IB and must be set below the lowest INx> setting, set for the directional measurement.
Page 154 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection UseStartValue : Gives which current level should be used for the activation of the blocking signal. This is given as one of the settings of the steps: Step 1/2/3/4. Normally, the step having the lowest operation current level should be set.
Page 155 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection mainly used in radial fed networks but can also be used in meshed networks. In meshed networks, the settings must be based on network fault calculations. To assure selectivity between different protections, in the radial network, there has to be a minimum time difference Dt between the time delays of two protections.
Page 156 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection current of twenty times the set current pickup value. Note that the operate time value is dependent on the selected setting value for time multiplier kx . INxMult : Multiplier for scaling of the current setting value. If a binary input signal (ENMULTx) is activated, the current operation level is increased by this setting constant.
Page 157 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection IN> IEC05000149-2-en.vsdx IEC05000149 V2 EN-US Figure 71: Connection of polarizing voltage from an open delta The different steps can be described as follows. Step 1 M15282-123 v6 This step has directional instantaneous function. The requirement is that overreaching of the protected line is not allowed.
Page 158 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection As a consequence of the distribution of zero sequence current in the power system, the current to the protection might be larger if one line out from the remote busbar is taken out of service, see Figure 73.
Page 159 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection The current setting for step 1 is chosen as the largest of the above calculated residual currents, measured by the protection. Step 2 M15282-144 v7 This step has directional function and a short time delay, often about 0.4 s. Step 2 shall securely detect all earth faults on the line, not detected by step 1.
Page 160 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection ³ × × step2 step1 (Equation 46) EQUATION1203 V4 EN-US where: is the current setting for step 1 on the faulted line. step1 Step 3 M15282-164 v6 This step has directional function and a time delay slightly larger than step 2, often 0.8 s. Step 3 shall enable selective trip of earth faults having higher fault resistance to earth, compared to step 2.
Page 161 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection IEC050004933 V1 EN-US Figure 78: Connection of phase selection outputs PHSELL1, PHSELL2, and PHSELL3 The EF4PTOC function includes four steps with different set values. The input 1PTREF of SMPPTRC shall be connected to the trip output of the stage(s) from EF4PTOC that are intended for phase selective tripping.
Page 162 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection 8.5.3 Application GUID-343023F8-AFE3-41C2-8440-1779DD7F5621 v2 Four step negative sequence overcurrent protection NS4PTOC is used in several applications in the power system. Some applications are: • Earth-fault and phase-phase short circuit protection of feeders in effectively earthed distribution and subtransmission systems.
Page 163 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Curve name User Programmable ASEA RI RXIDG (logarithmic) There is also a user programmable inverse time characteristic. Normally it is required that the negative sequence overcurrent function shall reset as fast as possible when the current level gets lower than the operation level.
Page 164 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Table 23: Inverse time characteristics Curve name ANSI Extremely Inverse ANSI Very Inverse ANSI Normal Inverse ANSI Moderately Inverse ANSI/IEEE Definite time ANSI Long Time Extremely Inverse ANSI Long Time Very Inverse ANSI Long Time Inverse IEC Normal Inverse IEC Very Inverse...
Page 165 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Operate time txMin IMinx Current IEC10000058 IEC10000058 V2 EN-US Figure 79: Minimum operate current and operation time for inverse time characteristics ResetTypeCrvx : The reset of the delay timer can be made in different ways. By choosing setting there are the following possibilities: Curve name Instantaneous...
Page 166 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Further description can be found in the Technical reference manual (TRM). tPRCrvx , tTRCrvx , tCRCrvx : Parameters for customer creation of inverse reset time characteristic curve. Further description can be found in the Technical Reference Manual. 8.5.4.2 Common settings for all steps GUID-A00A942B-E760-42EE-8FEB-F723426783F3 v1...
Page 167 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and power protection SDEPSDE SEMOD171436-1 v4 8.6.1 Identification SEMOD172025-2 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Sensitive directional residual over SDEPSDE current and power protection 8.6.2 Application...
Page 168 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection capacitive earth fault currents. In such networks, the active fault current would be small and by using sensitive directional residual power protection, the operating quantity is elevated. Therefore, better possibility to detect earth faults. In addition, in low impedance earthed networks, the inverse time characteristic gives better time-selectivity in case of high zero-resistive fault currents.
Page 169 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection phase × (Equation 49) EQUATION1943 V1 EN-US Where is the phase voltage in the fault point before the fault, phase is the resistance to earth in the fault point and is the system zero sequence impedance to earth The fault current, in the fault point, can be calculated as: ×...
Page 170 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection 9R X X jX // 3R // j3X × 3X X (Equation 53) EQUATION1947 V1 EN-US Where is the reactance of the Petersen coil. If the Petersen coil is well tuned we have 3X In this case the impedance Z will be: Z...
Page 171 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection × T ,0 (Equation 55) EQUATION1949 V1 EN-US × 3I (Z T ,0 lineAB,0 (Equation 56) EQUATION1950 V1 EN-US The residual power, measured by the sensitive earth fault protections in A and B will be: ×...
Page 172 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection OpMode set to 3I0cosfi the current component in the direction equal to the characteristic With angle RCADir has the maximum sensitivity. The characteristic for RCADir is equal to 0° is shown in Figure 83.
Page 173 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection RCADir = 0º ROADir = 80º Operate area IEC06000652-3-en.vsd IEC06000652 V3 EN-US Figure 85: Characteristic for RCADir = 0° and ROADir = 80° DirMode is set Forward or Reverse to set the direction of the operation for the directional OpMode .
Page 174 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection SN> is the operate power level for the directional function when OpMode is set 3I03U0Cosfi . The setting is given in % of SBase . The setting should be based on calculation of the active or capacitive earth fault residual power at required sensitivity of the protection.
Page 175 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection See chapter “Inverse time characteristics” in Technical Manual for the description of different characteristics tPCrv, tACrv, tBCrv, tCCrv : Parameters for customer creation of inverse time characteristic curve (Curve type = 17). The time characteristic equation is: æ...
Page 176 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection The thermal overload protection provides information that makes a temporary overloading of cables and lines possible. The thermal overload protection estimates the conductor temperature continuously, in Celsius or Fahrenheit depending on whether LCPTTR or LFPTTR is chosen.
Page 177 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Thermal overload protection, two time constants TRPTTR IP14513-1 v4 8.8.1 Identification M14877-1 v2 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Thermal overload protection, two TRPTTR time constants SYMBOL-A V1 EN-US 8.8.2 Application...
Page 178 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection the heat content using a set cooling time constant. Energizing of the transformer can be blocked until the heat content has reached a set level. 8.8.3 Setting guideline M13250-3 v9 The parameters for the thermal overload protection, two time constants (TRPTTR) are set via the local HMI or Protection and Control IED Manager (PCM600).
Page 179 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection If the transformer has forced cooling (FOA) the measurement should be made both with and without the forced cooling in operation, giving Tau2 and Tau1 . The time constants can be changed if the current is higher than a set value or lower than a set value.
Page 180 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection æ ö = - × ç final operate ÷ ç ÷ operate è ø final (Equation 65) EQUATION1176 V1 EN-US where: is the time to operate operate is the time constant is the steady state heat content final is the largest phase load current...
Page 181 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection   1800      2677685.95 final         (1.2 1000 1.1 1.2) 2509056 operate > Q Here final    ...
Page 182 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Document Product History revision revision StartMode is added to choose how retrip and backup trip timers are run. 2.2.3 Setting The choices are; to run the timers by external start signal which is latched, to follow the external start signal only or to follow the external start signal and the selected FunctionMode .
Page 183 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection for some generator protection application (for example, reverse power protection) or in the case of line ends with weak end infeed. StartMode : By this setting it is possible to select how t1 and t2 timers are run and consequently how output commands are given from the function: Option 1 - LatchedStart : “By external start signals which is internally latched”.
Page 184 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection TRRET START Current Check CB Position Check TRBU IEC18001003-1-en.vsdx IEC18001003 V1 EN-US Figure 87: Simplified overall logic for FollowStart START TRRET Current Check CB Position Check TRBU IEC18001004-1-en.vsdx IEC18001004 V1 EN-US Figure 88: Simplified overall logic for FollowStart&Mode RetripMode : This setting defines how the retrip function shall operate.
Page 185 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection accordance with the most sensitive protection function to start the breaker failure protection. Default setting is 10% of IBase . Note that this setting shall not be set lower than 4% of Ir, where Ir is rated current of the IED CT input where the function is connected.
Page 186 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Protection operate time Normal t cbopen Retrip delay t1 after re-trip The fault cbopen occurs BFPreset Margin Minimum back-up trip delay t2 Critical fault clearance time for stability Time Trip and Start CCRBRF IEC05000479_2_en.vsd IEC05000479 V2 EN-US...
Page 187 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection GUID-845257FF-2774-472A-B982-E9DDD8966988 v1 Table 26: Setting summary for FunctionMode, StartMode, RetripMode and BuTripMode StartMode RetripMode t1 and t2 initiated When t1 has When t2 or t2MPh t1 and t2 and t2MPh with elapsed, TRRET will has elapsed, TRBU will be stopped...
Page 188 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection StartMode RetripMode t1 and t2 initiated When t1 has When t2 or t2MPh t1 and t2 and with elapsed, TRRET will has elapsed, TRBU t2MPh will be will be given if stopped (reset) if LatchedStart Always...
Page 189 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection StartMode RetripMode t1 and t2 initiated When t1 has When t2 or t2MPh t1 and t2 and with elapsed, TRRET will has elapsed, TRBU t2MPh will be will be given if stopped (reset) if LatchedStart Always...
Page 190 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection StartMode RetripMode t1 and t2 initiated When t1 has When t2 or t2MPh t1 and t2 and with elapsed, TRRET will has elapsed, TRBU t2MPh will be will be given if stopped (reset) if FollowStart&...
Page 191 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection IEC05000465 V2 EN-US Figure 90: Typical connection for STBPTOC in 1½-breaker arrangement. 8.10.3 Setting guidelines M12909-3 v5 The parameters for Stub protection STBPTOC are set via the local HMI or PCM600. The following settings can be done for the stub protection.
Page 192 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection 8.11.1 Identification M14888-1 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Pole discordance protection CCPDSC 52PD SYMBOL-S V1 EN-US 8.11.2 Application M13270-3 v6 There is a risk that a circuit breaker will get discordance between the poles at circuit breaker operation: closing or opening.
Page 193 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection CurrSel : Operation of the current based pole discordance protection. Can be set: Off / CB oper monitor / Continuous monitor . In the alternative CB oper monitor the function is activated only directly in connection to breaker open or close command (during 200 ms).
Page 194 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection When the steam ceases to flow through a turbine, the cooling of the turbine blades will disappear. Now, it is not possible to remove all heat generated by the windage losses. Instead, the heat will increase the temperature in the steam turbine and especially of the blades.
Page 195 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Underpower protection Overpower protection Operate Operate Line Line Margin Margin Operating point Operating point without without turbine torque turbine torque IEC09000019-2-en.vsd IEC09000019 V2 EN-US Figure 91: Reverse power protection with underpower or overpower protection 8.12.3 Setting guidelines SEMOD172134-4 v7...
Page 196 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Mode Set value Formula used for complex power calculation = × × (Equation 75) EQUATION1703 V1 EN-US = × × (Equation 76) EQUATION1704 V1 EN-US = × × (Equation 77) EQUATION1705 V1 EN-US The function has two stages that can be set independently.
Page 197 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Angle1(2) gives the characteristic angle giving maximum sensitivity of the power The setting protection function. The setting is given in degrees. For active power the set angle should be 0° or 180°. 0° should be used for generator low forward active power protection. Operate °...
Page 198 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection IAmpComp5, IAmpComp30, IAmpComp100 UAmpComp5, UAmpComp30, UAmpComp100 IAngComp5, IAngComp30, IAngComp100 The angle compensation is given as difference between current and voltage angle errors. The values are given for operating points 5, 30 and 100% of rated current/voltage. The values should be available from instrument transformer test protocols.
Page 199 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection a steam turbine rotates without steam supply, the electric power consumption will be about 2% of rated power. Even if the turbine rotates in vacuum, it will soon become overheated and damaged.
Page 200 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection 8.13.3 Setting guidelines SEMOD172150-4 v7 GlobalBaseSel : Selects the global base value group used by the function to define IBase , UBase SBase . Note that this function will only use IBase value. Operation : With the parameter Operation the function can be set On / Off .
Page 201 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Operate Power1(2) Angle1(2) en06000440.vsd IEC06000440 V1 EN-US Figure 95: Overpower mode Power1(2) gives the power component pick up value in the Angle1(2) direction. The The setting setting is given in p.u. of the generator rated power, see equation 91. Minimum recommended setting is 0.2% of S when metering class CT inputs into the IED are used.
Page 202 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Angle1(2 ) = 180 Operate Power 1(2) IEC06000557-2-en.vsd IEC06000557 V2 EN-US Figure 96: For reverse power the set angle should be 180° in the overpower function TripDelay1(2) is set in seconds to give the time delay for trip of the stage after pick up. Hysteresis1(2) is given in p.u.
Page 203 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection UAmpComp5, UAmpComp30, UAmpComp100 IAngComp5, IAngComp30, IAngComp100 The angle compensation is given as difference between current and voltage angle errors. The values are given for operating points 5, 30 and 100% of rated current/voltage. The values should be available from instrument transformer test protocols.
Page 204 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection 8.15.1 Identification GUID-67FC8DBF-4391-4562-A630-3F244CBB4A33 v2 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Capacitor bank protection CBPGAPC 8.15.2 Application GUID-5EC8BAEC-9118-49EC-970C-43D6C416640A v1 GUID-BACAE67B-E64B-4963-B323-ECB0B69031B9 v2 Shunt capacitor banks (SCBs) are somewhat specific and different from other power system elements.
Page 205 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Rack Capacitor Unit (Can) IEC09000753_1_en.vsd IEC09000753 V1 EN-US Figure 97: Replacement of a faulty capacitor unit within SCB There are four types of the capacitor unit fusing designs which are used for construction of SCBs: Externally fused where an individual fuse, externally mounted, protects each capacitor unit.
Page 206 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Additionally, the SCB star point, when available, can be either directly earthed , earthed via impedance or isolated from earth. Which type of SCB earthing is used depends on voltage level, used circuit breaker, utility preference and previous experience. Many utilities have standard system earthing principle to earth neutrals of SCB above 100 kV.
Page 207 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Thus, as a general rule, the minimum number of capacitor units connected in parallel within a SCB is such that isolation of one capacitor unit in a group should not cause a voltage unbalance sufficient to place more than 110% of rated voltage on the remaining capacitors of that parallel group.
Page 208 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection or on the secondary CT side: 0.578 _ ec 500 1 (Equation 95) IEC09000756 V1 EN-US Note that the SCB rated current on the secondary CT side is important for secondary injection of the function.
Page 209 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection OperationHOL = On ; to enable this feature Settings for definite time delay step HOLDTU> = 200% (of SCB voltage rating); Voltage level required for pickup tHOLDT = 10s ; Definite time delay for harmonic overload trip Settings for IDMT delay step HOLIDMTU>...
Page 210 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection A typical application of the voltage-restrained time overcurrent protection is in the generator protection system, where it is used as backup protection. If a phase-to-phase fault affects a generator, the fault current amplitude is a function of time, and it depends on generator characteristic (reactances and time constants), its load conditions (immediately before the fault) and excitation system performance and characteristic.
Page 211 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection current may drop below the generator rated current after 0.5...1 s. Also, for generators with an excitation system not fed from the generator terminals, a fault can occur when the automatic voltage regulator is out of service.
Page 212 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection StartVolt : Operation phase-to-phase voltage level given in % of UBase for the under-voltage stage. Typical setting may be, for example, in the range from 70% to 80% of the rated voltage of the generator.
Page 213 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection VDepMode to Slope (default value). 10. Set VDepFact to the value 25% (default value). UHighLimit to the value 100% (default value). 11. Set All other settings can be left at the default values. 8.16.3.3 Overcurrent protection with undervoltage seal-in GUID-B58E1CD6-F9AE-4301-ABE7-90DBFC987D69 v6...
Page 214 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection For a resonant grounded system, the correct directional measurement is ensured regardless of how many Petersen coils are used throughout the interconnected power network. The function is not sensitive to the actual compensation degree of the coils. It operates equally well in under- or over-compensated system.
Page 215 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Power Trans-former Groundlne Impedance Ahernative VT +3Uo • ·7 • +31o • VT Input �- 670 IED - - - - ■ • L---.r- Atternative CT Connm;on, ..,. IEC19000948-1-en.vsdx IEC19000948 V1 EN-US Figure 100: Possible CT and VT connections for the APPTEF function The function shall measure the +3Io current with a reference direction towards the protected CTStarPoint for the...
Page 216 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Table 30: Settings Description Parameter name Description GlobalBaseSel Select appropriate Global Base Value Group (for example, No 1). It is important to set the base values because they define the basic pickup levels (100%) for 3Io and 3Uo. See Section 8.17.2.2 for more details.
Page 217 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 8 Current protection Capacitive earth-fault current of the line is 22.9A primary. Line length 47km CT ratio 800A / 5A. The 3Io current is measured using a separate CT input to the IED. VT winding ratios (132kV/sqrt(3)) / (110V/sqrt(3)) / (110V/3). The 3Uo voltage is measured directly using the separate VT input to the IED by connecting the second VT secondary winding (which is 110V/3).
Page 218 Section 8 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Current protection Parameter Set Value Description IMinReverse=1.5% Use default value if no other data is available. tStart=0.15s Use the default value. tReset=0.5s Use the default value if no other value is used for the protected network.
Page 219 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 9 Voltage protection Section 9 Voltage protection Two step undervoltage protection UV2PTUV IP14544-1 v3 9.1.1 Identification M16876-1 v7 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Two step undervoltage protection UV2PTUV 3U<...
Page 220 Section 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Voltage protection normally is set to the primary rated voltage level (phase-to-phase) of the power system or the high voltage equipment under consideration. The trip time setting for UV2PTUV is normally not critical, since there must be enough time available for the main protection to clear short circuits and earth faults.
Page 221 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 9 Voltage protection OpModen : This parameter describes how many of the three measured voltages should be below the set level to give operation for step n. The setting can be 1 out of 3 , 2 out of 3 or 3 out of 3 .
Page 222 Section 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Voltage protection 9.2.1 Identification M17002-1 v8 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV 3U> SYMBOL-C-2U-SMALLER-THAN V2 EN-US 9.2.2 Application M13799-3 v9 Two step overvoltage protection OV2PTOV is applicable in all situations, where reliable detection of high voltage is necessary.
Page 223 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 9 Voltage protection The time delay for the OV2PTOV can sometimes be critical and related to the size of the overvoltage - a power system or a high voltage component can withstand smaller overvoltages for some time, but in case of large overvoltages the related equipment should be disconnected more rapidly.
Page 224 Section 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Voltage protection and operation for phase-to-phase voltage over: > × (%) UBase(kV) (Equation 97) EQUATION1993 V1 EN-US The below described setting parameters are identical for the two steps (n = 1 or 2). Therefore the setting parameters are described only once.
Page 225 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 9 Voltage protection HystAbsn : Absolute hysteresis set in % of UBase . The setting of this parameter is highly dependent of the application. If the function is used as control for automatic switching of reactive compensation devices the hysteresis must be set smaller than the voltage change after switching of the compensation device.
Page 226 Section 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Voltage protection 9.3.3.1 Equipment protection, such as for motors, generators, reactors and transformersEquipment protection for transformers M13853-9 v8 High residual voltage indicates earth-fault in the system, perhaps in the component to which two step residual overvoltage protection (ROV2PTOV) is connected. For selectivity reasons to the primary protection for the faulted device, ROV2PTOV must trip the component with some time delay.
Page 227 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 9 Voltage protection 9.3.3.5 Direct earthed system GUID-EA622F55-7978-4D1C-9AF7-2BAB5628070A v8 In direct earthed systems, an earth fault on one phase is indicated by voltage collapse in that phase. The other healthy phase will still have normal phase-to-earth voltage. The residual sum will have the same value as the remaining phase-to-earth voltage, which is shown in Figure 102.
Page 228 Section 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Voltage protection Inverse curve C or Prog. inv. curve . The choice is highly dependent of the protection application. Un> : Set operate overvoltage operation value for step n , given as % of residual voltage UBase : corresponding to >...
Page 229 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 9 Voltage protection Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV SEMOD153860-1 v2 9.4.1 Identification SEMOD167723-2 v2 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV 9.4.2 Application SEMOD153893-5 v4 The Voltage differential protection VDCPTOV functions can be used in some different applications.
Page 230 Section 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Voltage protection set has opened and not the other (capacitor voltage is connected to input U2). It will also ensure that a fuse failure alarm is given instead of a Undervoltage or Differential voltage alarm and/or tripping.
Page 231 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 9 Voltage protection in the secondary circuits. The setting is normally done at site by evaluating the differential voltage achieved as a service value for each phase. The factor is defined as U2 · RFLx and shall be equal to the U1 voltage.
Page 232 Section 9 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Voltage protection LOVPTUV is used for signallization only through an output contact or through the event recording function. 9.5.3 Setting guidelines SEMOD171929-4 v5 Loss of voltage check (LOVPTUV) is in principle independent of the protection functions. It requires to be set to open the circuit breaker in order to allow a simple system restoration following a main voltage loss of a big part of the network and only when the voltage is lost with breakers still closed.
Page 233 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Section 10 Unbalance protection 10.1 Shunt capacitor cascading failure protection SCCFPVOC GUID-08928884-88E3-4A40-9B50-BDA5F1A451D9 v1 10.1.1 Identification GUID-86BB3D32-8E40-48FB-8619-8D0B28B60AFA v1 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 device identification identification number Shunt capacitor cascading failure SCCFPVOC 2(I >...
Page 234 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection operates for the cascading fault, but it may be too slow or completely disarmed by the high level of the unbalanced voltage/current caused by the cascading failure. 670 IED Cascading failure Optional earthing of the SCB IECI19000101-1-en.vsdx IEC19000101 V1 EN-US...
Page 235 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection The same is valid for the SCB zero sequence quantities if the SCB is earthed. However, if the failure is within the SCB, then such relationship is not valid. The following table summarizes the possible current/voltage pairs which can be used for the voltage restrained principle in order to detect the SCB cascading failure.
Page 236 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection In addition to the cascading failures, this protection principle covers all the unbalanced types of SCB internal faults. The negative sequence based function also covers internal phase-to-phase faults. To prevent unwanted operation for close external faults, this protection may be additionally blocked by separate logic with the UV2PTUV and the OC4PTOC functions for the following conditions: •...
Page 237 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection MVar 200 3 (Equation 104) GUID-909A36A1-9430-4EA1-A619-C85AF845332D V1 EN-US Then, IBase from Equation 103 is calculated as follows: ´ UBase 400 1000 IBase ´ ´ 3 800 (Equation 105) GUID-4FBD6FA9-21FE-43FD-8B91-E8189B107B3F V1 EN-US IBase .
Page 238 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection parallel to each other. These elements are connected to fuses and the element groups are shunted by an internal discharging device (resistor). The capacitor units are designed based on the following specifications: •...
Page 239 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection This protection function is applied to capacitor banks that have CT’s to measure the unbalance current between equal impedance strings of the capacitor bank. The connection types of SCB IEEE standard C37.99-2000 guide for the protection of are considered with reference to the the shunt capacitor banks .
Page 240 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Strings UNB1 UNB2 UNB3 UNB3 Differential CT Grounded/Ungrounded IEC19000197-1-en-us.vsdx IEC19000197 V1 EN-US Figure 110: Grounded/ungrounded single WYE connected SCB with CT arrangement For a grounded/ungrounded H-bridge connection, each phase is divided into two main strings and the midpoints of the strings are tied together.
Page 241 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection For both single WYE and H-bridge configurations, the unbalance currents are proportional to the respective phase currents. Hence, each phase current is considered as a reference to measure its respective unbalance current. The following table shows the typical CT selection: Table 33: Typical CT selection Location...
Page 242 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection IUnbal> : This setting is used to set the trip level in % of IBase2. This setting can be used to set the trip level at which the healthy unit voltage is at the verge of exceeding 110% of its nominal voltage.
Page 243 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Parameters of SCB Value Number of series group capacitor elements in a unit (S Capacitance value of an element (C 24.95 μF Phase CT ratio 1000/1 A Neutral CT ratio 75/1 A Figure 112 shows the single line diagram for the ungrounded double WYE capacitor bank.
Page 244 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection 1 MΩ Faulty section U NB L1 IEC19000200-1-en.vsdx IEC19000200 V1 EN-US Figure 113: Units arrangement in ungrounded double WYE connected capacitor bank Assume that the voltage at the filter terminal is maintained at 1 p.u. The unbalance current is calculated based on the element failure or operated fuses.
Page 245 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection = +  − − P f 1 =  C 2 C (Equation 108) IECEQUATION19026 V1 EN-US Where, is the number of fuse blown is the capacitance of the left section of phase L1 C is the capacitance of the healthy section If an element fails in the left section, the unbalance current flowing through the neutral is calculated by applying Thevenin theorem.
Page 246 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection æ ´ ´ ö ´ ´ ç ÷ + ´ è ø (Equation 114) IECEQUATION19032 V1 EN-US ´ + ´ (Equation 115) IECEQUATION19033 V1 EN-US ´ + ´ (Equation 115) ANSIEQUATION19033 V1 EN-US where a = 1 <...
Page 247 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Table 35: Unbalance current calculation for ungrounded double WYE capacitor bank element failures No of No of Event UNBL1 MEMUNBL1 MEML1 REFUNBL1 UNBCLCL1 unit fuses shorted operated elements 2.00 0.00 299.76 0.00 0.00 0.00...
Page 248 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection 92.31 59.05 52.19 Trip 39.78 36.41 16.56 18.49 4.78 4.78 7.16 Number of units and elements failure IEC19000589-1-en.vsdx IEC19000589 V1 EN-US Figure 114: Unbalance current with number of elements and units failure for considered ungrounded capacitor bank Figure 114, on the X-axis the number of units and elements failure is...
Page 249 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Table 37: Parameters of the grounded capacitor bank Parameters Value Connection type of SCB Internally fused grounded H-bridge Rated filter voltage 26.2 kV Filter rated MVAr 107 MVAr System frequency 50 Hz Number of parallel elements in a unit (P Number of series elements in a unit (S Number of capacitor units in per quadrant per phase...
Page 250 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Faulty unit 19 parallel string 1MΩ 19 parallel string 19 parallel string 1MΩ 1MΩ UN BL 1 IEC19000591-1-en-us.vsdx IEC19000591 V1 EN-US Figure 116: Units arrangement in a phase L1 of H-bridge connected capacitor bank Assume that the voltage at the filter terminal is maintained at 1 p.u.
Page 251 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection æ ö + ´ ´ ´ + ´ ç ÷ + ´ è ø (Equation 121) IECEQUATION19039 V1 EN-US Where, is the capacitance of the faulty quadrant C is the capacitance of the healthy quadrant = 133 × C Due to the difference in the quadrant capacitances, the unbalance current flowing through the neutral is calculated by using Thevenin theorem.
Page 252 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Where, is the open-circuit voltage between U and U is the open-circuit impedance between U and U is the unbalance current in Amperes UNBL1 is the phase L1 current in Amperes is the RMS value of phase L1 voltage in Volts is the RMS value voltage across the faulty unit unit...
Page 253 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection If the failure of the elements or the units results in the unbalance current of at least 1% of IBase2, the SCUCPTOC function detects the fault. Figure 117 shows the calculated unbalance current variation with the number of elements failure for considered grounded H-bridge capacitor bank.
Page 254 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection 10.3 Phase voltage differential based capacitor bank unbalanced protection, SCPDPTOV GUID-662626C7-409B-4CE2-9DF0-A47A3A2FC5DF v1 10.3.1 Identification GUID-9E095985-CC54-4BDE-8108-B10BBB5EE3EE v1 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 identification ANSI/IEEE C37.2 device number identification Phase voltage differential SCPDPTOV Ud>...
Page 255 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Capacitor group (C group Element Branch Capacitor unit (C unit IEC19000651-1-en.vsdx IEC19000651 V1 EN-US Figure 118: Typical shunt capacitor bank configuration The main reasons for internal element failure are: • Transients in the system (high voltage surges or high-frequency currents) •...
Page 256 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection grounded and ungrounded capacitor bank configurations. For double WYE configuration, two instances of the function can be used. For a grounded capacitor bank configuration, the differential voltage is calculated using the bus voltage and tap voltage from the bank with the corresponding voltage ratio for each phase.
Page 257 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection TapL1_R TapL1_L IEC19000653-1-en.vsdx IEC19000653 V1 EN-US Figure 120: Ungrounded double WYE connected SCB Where, is the neutral voltage of the SCB. 10.3.3 Setting guidelines GUID-9F66B90F-2C99-4951-8FDB-94FCF2E81A90 v1 GUID-1DB019F3-78CD-488B-9B4B-01A741E01BD3 v1 Setting procedure on the IED The parameters for the phase voltage differential based capacitor bank protection function SCPDPTOV are set through the local HMI or Protection and Control Manager (PCM600).
Page 258 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection UMin> : This setting is used to set the minimum bus voltage or equivalent tap voltage level to release the function for operation in % of UBase. The typical value is 50%. VoltRatioL1 : Set the tap voltage to bus voltage ratio for phase L1 (U TapL1 VoltRatioL2 : Set the tap voltage to bus voltage ratio for phase L2 (U...
Page 259 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection tPCrv : Set the programmable curve parameter P. CrvSat : Set the tuning parameter that is used to compensate for the undesired discontinuity created when the denominator in the equation for the customer programmable curve is equal to zero.
Page 260 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection 88 kV Bus Preprocessing Function Block SMAI1 SCPDPTOV GRP1Lx G1AI3P U3PTAP SMAI2 27.43 MVAR GRP2Lx G2AI3P 88 kV Lx = Phase L1, L2 and L3 IEC19000654-1-en.vsdx IEC19000654 V1 EN-US Figure 121: Single line diagram for grounded single WYE capacitor bank The configuration of capacitor unit (Cu) and capacitor element (Ce) in the filter are shown in Figure 122.
Page 261 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection • The capacitance of a healthy unit can be calculated as follows: ´ 4.6667 (Equation 128) IECEQUATION19122 V1 EN-US • If an element fails in the unit, the capacitance of the unit changes to: æ...
Page 262 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Where, PUDIFL1 is the differential voltage of phase L1 in % of UBase • The voltage across the faulty unit is calculated as follows: æ ö ´ ç ÷ unit è ø...
Page 263 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection 68.4211 Trip Alarm 37.931 Warning 29.4118 23.0769 18.1818 14.2857 11.111 8.4746 6.25 4.3478 2.7027 1.2658 Number of units failure IEC19000727-1-en.vsdx IEC19000727 V1 EN-US Figure 123: Differential voltage variation with number of units failure for considered grounded capacitor bank Table 42: Parameter and settings values for the grounded capacitor bank Name...
Page 264 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Example 2 Consider a 22.9 kV, 5 MVAr externally fused ungrounded single WYE connected filter that is protected by the phase voltage differential protection function. Table 43: Parameters of the ungrounded capacitor bank Parameters of SCB Value Connection type of SCB...
Page 265 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Single Capacitor Unit TapL1 IEC19000703-1-en.vsdx IEC19000703 V1 EN-US Figure 125: Units and elements arrangement in an ungrounded single WYE capacitor bank Assume that the voltage at the filter terminal is maintained at 1 pu. The differential voltage is calculated based on the element failure and the operated fuses.
Page 266 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection æ ö ´ = ç ÷ è ø (Equation 142) IECEQUATION19275 V1 EN-US ´ (Equation 143) IECEQUATION19276 V1 EN-US Where, is the capacitance of phase L1 is the capacitance of phase L2 is the capacitance of phase L3 For an ungrounded capacitor bank configuration, the differential voltage is calculated by using the bus voltage, tap voltage, and neutral voltage from the bank with the corresponding...
Page 267 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection æ ö ´ ç ÷ unit è ø (Equation 148) IECEQUATION19279 V1 EN-US unitRated (Equation 149) IECEQUATION19120 V1 EN-US Where, is the RMS value voltage across the faulty unit unit is the rated RMS value voltage across the unit unitRated •...
Page 268 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection 131.9737 116.3636 Trip 90.5594 Alarm Warning 53.1674 39.0977 27.1429 16.8478 12.2159 7.8824 3.8187 Number of units failure IEC19000728-1-en.vsdx IEC19000728 V1 EN-US Figure 126: Differential voltage variation with number of units failure for considered ungrounded capacitor bank Table 45: Parameter and setting values for the ungrounded capacitor bank Name...
Page 269 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection 10.4 Voltage unbalance protection of shunt capacitor bank, SCUVPTOV GUID-C41B59C8-9CA0-4B5F-9F90-354804BC1449 v1 10.4.1 Identification GUID-62C0BF41-EB2D-41E1-A2C6-799C46C1BFD2 v1 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Voltage unbalance protection of the shunt SCUVPTOV Uub>...
Page 270 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Pre processing SCB Neutr al V oltage Functio n B lock Unbala nce Function SMAI SCUVPTOV GRP1Lx G1AI3P SMAI U3NEUT G2AI3P GRP2N Where x = 1 , 2, an d 3 IEC19000310-1-en.vsdx IEC19000310 V1 EN-US Figure 127: Protection scheme for ungrounded double WYE capacitor bank...
Page 271 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection CompEnable : This is used to either enable or disable the inherent unbalance compensation. If it is enabled, then the compensation can be triggered. If it is disabled, then no compensation is performed.
Page 272 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection removed from the service. Otherwise, it can lead to cascading failure of the capacitor units and severe damage to the capacitor bank in addition to the hazard of explosion or fire. CurveType : Select the type of time delay to be used for trip signal.
Page 273 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection The following effects can be seen under this condition. • The reactance of the faulty parallel group increases. • The voltage across all the elements or units in the faulty parallel group increases. •...
Page 274 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Su = 1 Blown fuses Pa = 9 IEC19000929-1-en.vsdx IEC19000929 V1 EN-US Figure 129: Units arrangement in an ungrounded double WYE connected capacitor bank The per unit capacitance of the parallel group of capacitors that include the blown fuses is calculated as, (Equation 151) IECEQUATION19337 V1 EN-US...
Page 275 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection The trip level is based on protecting the capacitor units and fuses from the excessive voltages. The alarm level is based on the early indication of the failures within the bank. The number of blown fuses for the trip can be determined by the voltage on the capacitor units in parallel with the faulty units and the capability of the units based either on industry standards or the specifications provided by the manufacturer.
Page 276 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection Name Default value UNUnbal> 9.0% of UBase Curve Type Programmable tDefTrip tMin 0.10 tReset 0.02 0.05 tPCrv 1.000 tACrv 1.000 tBCrv 1.00 tCCrv tDCrv 0.000 CrvSat 0.000 If the failure of the elements or the units results in the neutral unbalance voltage of at least 1% of UBase, the SCUVPTOV function detects the fault.
Page 277 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Single Capacitor Unit Se =4 Su =2 Pu = 3 Pu = 9 IEC19000931-1-en.vsdx IEC19000931 V1 EN-US Figure 131: Units arrangement in an ungrounded single WYE connected capacitor bank The per unit capacitance of the internal group based on the number of blown fuses is calculated as, (Equation 158) IECEQUATION19344 V1 EN-US...
Page 278 Section 10 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Unbalance protection is number of parallel units in the affected section = 9. The per unit phase-to-neutral capacitance of the parallel group of capacitor units that include blown fuses is calculated as, ´ ´...
Page 279 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 10 Unbalance protection Based on the number of operated fuses, the capacitance values in the system and the neutral voltage unbalance are calculated as listed in Table Table 48: Neutral unbalance voltage calculation for an internally fused ungrounded single WYE capacitor bank with element failures No of Event...
Page 281 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 11 Frequency protection Section 11 Frequency protection 11.1 Underfrequency protection SAPTUF IP15746-1 v3 11.1.1 Identification M14865-1 v5 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Underfrequency protection SAPTUF f < SYMBOL-P V1 EN-US 11.1.2 Application...
Page 282 Section 11 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Frequency protection Equipment protection, such as for motors and generators The setting has to be well below the lowest occurring "normal" frequency and well above the lowest acceptable frequency for the equipment. Power system protection, by load shedding The setting has to be below the lowest occurring "normal"...
Page 283 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 11 Frequency protection to protect equipment against damage due to high frequency, such as generators, and motors to protect a power system, or a part of a power system, against breakdown, by shedding generation, in over production situations. The overfrequency start value is set in Hz.
Page 284 Section 11 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Frequency protection 11.3.3 Setting guidelines M14971-3 v7 The parameters for Rate-of-change frequency protection SAPFRC are set via the local HMI or or through the Protection and Control Manager (PCM600). All the frequency and voltage magnitude conditions in the system where SAPFRC performs its functions should be considered.
Page 285 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 11 Frequency protection The turbine blade is designed with its natural frequency adequately far from the rated speed or multiples of the rated speed of the turbine. This design avoids the mechanical resonant condition, which can lead to an increased mechanical stress on turbine blade. If the ratio between the turbine resonant frequencies to the system operating frequency is nearly equal to 1, mechanical stress on the blades is approximately 300 times the nonresonant operating condition stress values.
Page 286 Section 11 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Frequency protection Prohibited Operation Prohibited Operation Restricted Time Operation Continuous operation Continuous operation Restricted Time Operation Prohibited Operation Restricted Time Operation 0.01 1000 0.01 1000 Time (Minutes) Time (Minutes) Prohibited Operation Prohibited Operation Restricted Time Operation Continuous operation Continuous operation...
Page 287 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 11 Frequency protection FTAQFVR used to protect a turbine: Frequency during start-up and shutdown is normally not calculated, consequently the CBCheck enabled. If the generator protection function is blocked by CB position, parameter supply any load when CB is in open position e.g. excitation equipment and auxiliary services CBCheck is ignored when the load current is this may be considered as normal condition and CurrStartLevel .
Page 289 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 12 Multipurpose protection Section 12 Multipurpose protection 12.1 General current and voltage protection CVGAPC IP14552-1 v2 12.1.1 Identification M14886-2 v3 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number General current and voltage CVGAPC 2(I>/U<) protection...
Page 290 Section 12 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Multipurpose protection • Definite time delay for both steps Two overvoltage steps with the following built-in features • Definite time delay or Inverse Time Overcurrent TOC/IDMT delay for both steps Two undervoltage steps with the following built-in features •...
Page 291 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 12 Multipurpose protection Set value for parameter Comment "CurrentInput” MaxPh-Ph CVGAPC function will measure ph-ph current phasor with the maximum magnitude MinPh-Ph CVGAPC function will measure ph-ph current phasor with the minimum magnitude UnbalancePh-Ph CVGAPC function will measure magnitude of unbalance current, which is internally calculated as the algebraic magnitude difference between the ph-ph current phasor with maximum magnitude and ph-ph current...
Page 292 Section 12 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Multipurpose protection Set value for parameter Comment "VoltageInput" MaxPh-Ph CVGAPC function will measure ph-ph voltage phasor with the maximum magnitude MinPh-Ph CVGAPC function will measure ph-ph voltage phasor with the minimum magnitude UnbalancePh-Ph CVGAPC function will measure magnitude of unbalance voltage, which is internally calculated as the algebraic magnitude difference between the ph-ph voltage phasor with maximum magnitude and ph-ph voltage...
Page 293 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 12 Multipurpose protection • 80-95% Stator earth fault protection (measured or calculated 3Uo) • Rotor earth fault protection (with external COMBIFLEX RXTTE4 injection unit) • Underimpedance protection • Voltage Controlled/Restrained Overcurrent protection • Turn-to-Turn & Differential Backup protection (directional Negative Sequence. Overcurrent protection connected to generator HV terminal CTs looking into generator) •...
Page 294 Section 12 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Multipurpose protection 12.1.3 Setting guidelines IP15009-1 v2 GUID-F7AA2194-4D1C-4475-8853-C7D064912614 v4 When inverse time overcurrent characteristic is selected, the operate time of the stage will be the sum of the inverse time delay and the set definite time delay.
Page 295 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 12 Multipurpose protection LowVolt_VM to value 2% ( NegSeq voltage level above which the directional element will be enabled) Enable one overcurrent stage (for example, OC1) CurveType_OC1 select appropriate TOC/IDMT or definite time delayed curve 10.
Page 296 Section 12 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Multipurpose protection æ ö ç ÷ è ø (Equation 165) EQUATION1372 V1 EN-US where: is the operating time in seconds of the negative sequence overcurrent IED is the generator capability constant in seconds is the measured negative sequence current is the generator rated current By defining parameter x equal to maximum continuous negative sequence rating of the...
Page 297 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 12 Multipurpose protection set k equal to the generator negative sequence capability value A_OC1 equal to the value 1/x2 B_OC1 = 0.0, C_OC1 =0.0 and P_OC1 =2.0 StartCurr_OC1 equal to the value x then the OC1 step of the CVGAPC function can be used for generator negative sequence inverse overcurrent protection.
Page 298 Section 12 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Multipurpose protection By defining parameter x equal to the per unit value for the desired pickup for the overload IED in accordance with the following formula: x = 116% = 1.16 pu (Equation 170) EQUATION1377 V2 EN-US formula 3.5can be re-written in the following way without changing the value for the operate time of the generator stator overload IED:...
Page 299 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 12 Multipurpose protection C_OC1 = 1/1.162 = 0.7432 B_OC1 = 0.0 and P_OC1 = 2.0 StartCurr_OC1 = 116% Proper timing of CVGAPC function made in this way can easily be verified by secondary injection. All other settings can be left at the default values. If required delayed time reset for OC1 step can be set in order to insure proper function operation in case of repetitive overload conditions.
Page 300 Section 12 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Multipurpose protection This functionality can be achieved by using one CVGAPC function. The following shall be done in order to ensure proper operation of the function: Connect three-phase generator currents and voltages to one CVGAPC instance (for example, GF05) CurrentInput to value MaxPh VoltageInput to value MinPh-Ph (it is assumed that minimum phase-to-phase voltage...
Page 301 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 12 Multipurpose protection Furthermore the other build-in protection elements can be used for other protection and alarming purposes. Q [pu] Operating region ILowSet [pu] -rca -0.2 -0.4 ILowSet Operating Region -0.6 -0.8 en05000535.vsd IEC05000535 V2 EN-US Figure 134: Loss of excitation 12.1.3.7 Undercurrent protection for capacitor bank...
Page 303 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 13 System protection and control Section 13 System protection and control 13.1 Multipurpose filter SMAIHPAC GUID-6B541154-D56B-452F-B143-4C2A1B2D3A1F v1 13.1.1 Identification GUID-8224B870-3DAA-44BF-B790-6600F2AD7C5D v1 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Multipurpose filter SMAIHPAC 13.1.2 Application...
Page 304 Section 13 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K System protection and control The following figure shoes typical configuration connections required to utilize this filter in conjunction with multi-purpose function as non-directional overcurrent protection. IEC13000179-1-en.vsd IEC13000179 V1 EN-US Figure 135: Required ACT configuration Such overcurrent arrangement can be for example used to achieve the subsynchronous resonance protection for turbo generators.
Page 305 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 13 System protection and control In order to properly extract the weak subsynchronous signal in presence of the dominating 50Hz signal the SMAI HPAC filter shall be set as given in the following table: Table 52: Proposed settings for SMAIHPAC I_HPAC_31_5Hz: SMAIHPAC:1...
Page 306 Section 13 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K System protection and control Setting Group1 Operation CurrentInput MaxPh IBase 1000 VoltageInput MaxPh UBase 20.50 OPerHarmRestr I_2ndI_fund 20.0 BlkLevel2nd 5000 EnRestrainCurr RestrCurrInput PosSeq RestrCurrCoeff 0.00 RCADir ROADir LowVolt_VM Setting Group1 Operation_OC1 StartCurr_OC1 30.0 CurrMult_OC1 CurveType_OC1 Programmable...
Page 307 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 14 Secondary system supervision Section 14 Secondary system supervision 14.1 Current circuit supervision CCSSPVC IP14555-1 v5 14.1.1 Identification M14870-1 v5 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Current circuit supervision CCSSPVC 14.1.2 Application...
Page 308 Section 14 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Secondary system supervision 14.2 Fuse failure supervision FUFSPVC IP14556-1 v3 14.2.1 Identification M14869-1 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Fuse failure supervision FUFSPVC 14.2.2 Application SEMOD113803-4 v10 Different protection functions within the protection IED, operates on the basis of the measured voltage in the relay point.
Page 309 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 14 Secondary system supervision elements must always be set with a safety margin of 10 to 20%, depending on the system operating conditions. Pay special attention to the dissymmetry of the measuring quantities when the function is used on long untransposed lines, on multicircuit lines and so on.
Page 310 Section 14 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Secondary system supervision   UBase (Equation 177) EQUATION1519 V5 EN-US where: is the maximal negative sequence voltage during normal operation conditions, plus a margin of 10...20% UBase GlobalBaseSel is the base voltage for the function according to the setting 3I2<...
Page 311 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 14 Secondary system supervision DU> should be set high (approximately 60% of UBase ) and the current threshold The setting of DI< low (approximately 10% of IBase ) to avoid unwanted operation due to normal switching conditions in the network.
Page 312 Section 14 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Secondary system supervision can be configured to block voltage dependent protection functions such as high-speed distance protection, undervoltage relays, underimpedance relays and so on. Main Vt circuit FuseFailSupvn IEC12000143-1-en.vsd IEC12000143 V1 EN-US Figure 136: Application of VDSPVC 14.3.3 Setting guidelines GUID-0D5A517C-1F92-46B9-AC2D-F41ED4E7C39E v1...
Page 313 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 14 Secondary system supervision voltage on both sides are equal in the healthy condition. If is the desired pick up SetPrim Ud>MainBlock and primary phase-to-phase voltage of measured fuse group, the setting of Ud>PilotAlarm will be given according to equation 183. S etPrim ×...
Page 314 Section 14 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Secondary system supervision They can supply power into the network as well as to the local loads. It is not common to connect generators directly to the distribution networks and thus the distributed generation can cause some challenges for the protection of distribution networks.
Page 315 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 14 Secondary system supervision which can be detected by the vector shift algorithm. This means that the vector shift algorithm has a small non-detection zone (NDZ) which is also dependent on the type of generators, loads, network and start or operate value of the vector shift algorithm.
Page 316 Section 14 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Secondary system supervision In this function, a current based delta supervision is implemented in a phase segregated design. The delta function has the following features: • Instantaneous sample based delta detection (vectorial delta) •...
Page 317 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 14 Secondary system supervision 14.6 Delta supervision of real input DELSPVC GUID-470F7470-F3D1-46BC-B0EA-CD180FBA0AB2 v1 14.6.1 Identification GUID-66CFBA71-B3A4-489F-B7F4-F1909B75E1DD v1 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Delta supervision of real input DELSPVC –...
Page 319 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Section 15 Control 15.1 Synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing SESRSYN IP14558-1 v4 15.1.1 Identification M14889-1 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Synchrocheck, energizing check, and SESRSYN synchronizing sc/vc...
Page 320 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control CloseAngleMax . Table tBreaker when with below shows the maximum settable value for CloseAngleMax is set to 15 or 30 degrees, at different allowed slip frequencies for synchronizing. To minimize the moment stress when synchronizing near a power station, a CloseAngleMax needs to be used.
Page 321 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control en04000179.vsd IEC04000179 V1 EN-US Figure 138: Two interconnected power systems Figure shows two interconnected power systems. The cloud means that the interconnection can be further away, that is, a weak connection through other stations. The need for a check of synchronization increases if the meshed system decreases since the risk of the two networks being out of synchronization at manual or automatic closing is greater.
Page 322 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Bus voltage SynchroCheck UHighBusSC > 50 - 120 % of GblBaseSelBus Fuse fail UHighLineSC > 50 - 120 % of GblBaseSelLine Line Line voltage UDiffSC < 0.02 – 0.50 p.u. reference voltage PhaseDiffM <...
Page 323 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control For manual closing it is also possible to allow closing when both sides of the breaker are dead, Dead Bus Dead Line (DBDL). The equipment is considered energized (Live) if the voltage is above the set value for UHighBusEnerg or UHighLineEnerg of the base voltages GblBaseSelBus and GblBaseSelLine , which are defined in the Global Base Value groups;...
Page 324 Control If the PSTO input is used, connected to the Local-Remote switch on the local HMI, the choice can also be from the station HMI system, typically ABB Microscada through IEC 61850–8–1 communication. The connection example for selection of the manual energizing mode is shown in figure 141.
Page 325 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.1.3.1 Single circuit breaker with single busbar M12324-3 v12 SESRSYN WA1_VT U3PBB1* GRP_OFF U3PBB2* LINE_VT U3PLN1* U3PLN2* WA1_MCB WA1_MCB UB1OK WA1_MCB UB1FF WA1_VT LINE_MCB LINE_MCB ULN1OK ULN1FF LINE_VT LINE IEC10000093-4-en.vsd IEC10000093 V4 EN-US Figure 142: Connection of SESRSYN function block in a single busbar arrangement Figure illustrates connection principles for a single busbar.
Page 326 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control 15.1.3.3 Single circuit breaker with double busbar, internal voltage selection M12326-3 v7 WA1_MCB SESRSYN WA1_VT WA1_MCB WA2_MCB U3PBB1* WA2_VT U3PBB2* LINE_VT WA1_VT U3PLN1* WA2_VT U3PLN2* GRP_OFF B1QOPEN B1QCLD B2QOPEN B2QCLD UB1OK WA1_MCB UB1FF LINE_MCB UB2OK...
Page 327 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control connected to U3PBB1 on SESRSYN for WA2_QA1. The voltage from the line VT is connected to U3PLN1 on both function blocks. The condition of VT fuses shall also be connected as shown in CBConfig is set to No voltage sel.
Page 328 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Setting parameter CBConfig = 1 ½ bus CB WA1_QA1 WA1_VT SESRSYN U3 PBB1* WA2_VT U3 PBB2* LINE1_VT U3 PLN1* LINE2_VT U3 PLN2* TIE_QA1 B1 QOPEN B1 QCLD WA2_QA1 B2 QOPEN B2 QCLD LINE1_QB9 LN1 QOPEN LN1 QCLD...
Page 329 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control WA1_QA1: • B1QOPEN/CLD = Position of TIE_QA1 breaker and belonging disconnectors • B2QOPEN/CLD = Position of WA2_QA1 breaker and belonging disconnectors • LN1QOPEN/CLD = Position of LINE1_QB9 disconnector • LN2QOPEN/CLD = Position of LINE2_QB9 disconnector •...
Page 330 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control General settings Operation : The operation mode can be set On or Off . The setting Off disables the whole function. GblBaseSelBus and GblBaseSelLine These configuration settings are used for selecting one of twelve GBASVAL functions, which then is used as base value reference voltage, for bus and line respectively.
Page 331 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control FreqDiffMin FreqDiffMin is the minimum frequency difference where the systems are defined The setting to be asynchronous. For frequency differences lower than this value, the systems are FreqDiffMin is 10 mHz. Generally, the value considered to be in parallel.
Page 332 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Synchrocheck settings OperationSC OperationSC setting Off disables the synchrocheck function and sets the outputs On , the function is AUTOSYOK, MANSYOK, TSTAUTSY and TSTMANSY to low. With the setting in the service mode and the output signal depends on the input conditions. UHighBusSC and UHighLineSC The voltage level settings must be chosen in relation to the bus or line network voltage.
Page 333 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control ManEnergDBDL On , manual closing is also enabled when both line voltage and bus If the parameter is set to ULowLineEnerg and ULowBusEnerg respectively, and ManEnerg is set to voltage are below DLLB , DBLL or Both .
Page 334 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control 15.2.2 Application M12391-3 v8 Automatic reclosing is a well-established method for the restoration of service in a power system after a transient line fault. The majority of line faults are flashovers, which are transient by nature.
Page 335 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control reclosing during multi-phase faults. Three-phase automatic reclosing can be performed with or without the use of synchrocheck. During the single-phase dead time there is an equivalent "series"-fault in the system resulting in a flow of zero sequence current. It is therefore necessary to coordinate the residual current protections (earth fault protection) with the single-phase tripping and the auto reclosing function.
Page 336 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Transmission protection systems are usually sub-divided and provided with two redundant protection IEDs. In such systems it is common to provide auto reclosing in only one of the sub- systems as the requirement is for fault clearance and a failure to reclose because of the auto recloser being out of service is not considered a major disturbance.
Page 337 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control In cases where one wants to differentiate three-phase auto reclosing dead time, for different power system configuration or at tripping by different protection stages, one can also use the STARTHS input (start high-speed reclosing). When initiating STARTHS , the auto reclosing dead t1 3PhHS is used and the closing is done without checking the time for three-phase shot 1, synchrocheck condition.
Page 338 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control the auto recloser start must also be allowed from distance protection zone 2 time delayed trip. Time extension delay is not possible to add to the three-phase high-speed auto reclosing dead t1 3PhHS . time, 15.2.2.6 Long trip signal...
Page 339 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control When a circuit breaker closing command is issued, the prepare three-phase output trip is set. When issuing a circuit breaker closing command the tReclaim timer is started. If no tripping ACTIVE takes place during that time, the auto recloser resets to the “Ready” state and the output resets.
Page 340 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control MODEINT (integer) ARMode Type of fault 1st shot 2nd-5th shot 1/2ph ..1ph + 1*2ph ....1/2ph + 1*3ph ..1ph + 1*2/3ph ..A start of a new auto reclosing cycle during the set “reclaim time” is blocked when the set number of reclosing shots have been reached.
Page 341 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control pulse length is always 50ms. At the issue of the breaker closing command, the appropriate auto recloser operation counter is incremented. There is a counter for each type of auto reclosing command and one for the total number of auto reclosing commands. 15.2.2.17 Transient fault M12391-208 v4...
Page 342 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control SMBRREC BU-TRIP INHIBIT ZCVPSOF-TRIP UNSUCCL SMBO Lock-out RXMD1 CCRBRF TRBU CLOSE COMMAND MAIN ZAK CLOSE IEC05000315-4-en.vsd IEC05000315-WMF V4 EN-US Figure 149: Lock-out arranged with an external lock-out relay SMBRREC BU-TRIP INHIBIT ZCVPSOF-TRIP UNSUCCL SMPPTRC SETLKOUT...
Page 343 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.2.2.21 Automatic continuation of the auto reclosing sequence M12391-223 v5 The auto recloser can be programmed to proceed to the next auto reclosing shots (if multiple shots are selected) even if start signals are not received from protection functions, but the AutoCont = On and tAutoContWait to circuit breaker is still not closed.
Page 344 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control MODEINT ARMode setting. As an alternative to the setting, The auto reclosing mode is selected with the the mode can be selected by connecting an integer, for example from function block B16I, to MODEINT input.
Page 345 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control THOLHOLD Signal “Thermal overload protection holding back auto reclosing”. It can be connected to a thermal overload protection trip signal which resets only when the thermal content has fallen to an acceptable level, for example, 70%. As long as the signal is high, indicating that the line is hot, the auto reclosing is held back.
Page 346 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control ACTIVE Indicates that the auto recloser is active, from start until end of reclaim time. BLOCKED Indicates that auto recloser is temporarily or permanently blocked. CLOSECB Connect to a binary output for circuit breaker closing command. COUNT1P, COUNT2P, COUNT3P1, COUNT3P2, COUNT3P3, COUNT3P4 and COUNT3P5 Indicates the number of auto reclosing shots made for respective shot.
Page 347 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control SYNCFAIL SYNCFAIL output indicates that the auto recloser is inhibited because the synchrocheck or energizing check condition has not been fulfilled within the set time interval, tSync. Also ABORTED output will be activated. UNSUCCL Indicates unsuccessful reclosing.
Page 348 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control SMBRREC INPUT OUTPUT BLOCKED SETON BLKON INPROGR BLKOFF ACTIVE INHIBIT UNSUCCL SUCCL CBREADY CBCLOSED PLCLOST CLOSECB PERMIT1P RESET TRIP-P3PTR PREP3P PROTECTION START READY xxxx-TRIP 1PT1 EF4PTOC-BLOCK 2PT1 STARTHS 3PT1 3PT2 SKIPHS 3PT3 ZCVPSOF-TRIP TRSOTF 3PT4...
Page 349 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control The signals can be cross-connected to allow simple changing of the priority by just setting the High and the Low priorities without changing the CBCLOSED for each circuit breaker is important in configuration.
Page 350 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control 15.2.3.2 Auto recloser settings GUID-74980A07-CF89-488F-AB17-E5351D0032EE v1 The settings for the auto recloser are set using the local HMI (LHMI) or PCM600. This setting guideline describes the settings of the auto recloser using the LHMI. The settings for the auto recloser are found under Main menu/Settings/IED Settings/ Control/AutoRecloser(79,5(0->1))/SMBRREC(79,5(0->)):X and have been divided into four different setting groups: General, CircuitBreaker, DeadTime and MasterSlave.
Page 351 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control CircuitBreaker settings CBReadyType : The selection depends on the type of performance available from the circuit breaker operating gear. At setting OCO (circuit breaker ready for an Open – Close – Open cycle), the condition is checked only at the start of the auto reclosing cycle.
Page 352 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control tUnsucCl : The reclaim timer, tReclaim , is started each time a circuit breaker closing command is given. If no start occurs within this time, the auto recloser will reset. A new start received in “reclaim time”...
Page 353 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control tSlaveDeadTime : When activating the WAIT input, in the auto recloser set as slave, every dead timer is changed to the value of setting tSlaveDeadTime and holds back the auto reclosing WAIT input is reset at the time of a successful reclosing of the first circuit operation.
Page 354 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Station HMI Station bus Local Local Local Apparatus Apparatus Apparatus Control Control Control breakers disconnectors earthing switches IEC08000227.vsd IEC08000227 V1 EN-US Figure 154: Overview of the apparatus control functions Features in the apparatus control function: •...
Page 355 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control When the circuit breaker or switch is located in a breaker IED, two more functions are added: • GOOSE receive for switching device GOOSEXLNRCV • Proxy for signals from switching device via GOOSE XLNPROXY The extension of the signal flow and the usage of the GOOSE communication are shown in Figure 156.
Page 356 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control IEC 61850 on station bus Bay level IED QCBAY SCSWI SCILO GOOSEXLNRCV XLNPROXY SCSWI SCILO GOOSEXLNRCV XLNPROXY GOOSE over process bus Merging Unit XCBR -QB1 XCBR XCBR -QA1 XSWI -QB9 IEC16000070-1-EN.vsdx IEC16000070 V1 EN-US Figure 156: Signal flow between apparatus control functions with XCBR and XSWI located in a breaker IED Control operation can be performed from the local IED HMI.
Page 357 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control The accepted originator categories for each PSTO value are shown in Table Table 55: Accepted originator categories for each PSTO Permitted Source To Operate Originator (orCat) 0 = Off 4,5,6 1 = Local 1,4,5,6 2 = Remote 2,3,4,5,6...
Page 358 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control IEC13000016-2-en.vsd IEC13000016 V2 EN-US Figure 157: APC - Local remote function block 15.3.4 Switch controller SCSWI M16596-3 v7 SCSWI may handle and operate on one three-phase device or three one-phase switching devices. After the selection of an apparatus and before the execution, the switch controller performs the following checks and actions: •...
Page 359 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control resulting three-phase position. In case of a pole discordance situation, that is, the positions of the one-phase switches are not equal for a time longer than a settable time; an error signal will be given.
Page 360 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control IEC16000071 V1 EN-US Figure 158: Configuration with XLNPROXY and GOOSEXLNRCV where all the IEC 61850 modelled data is used, including selection IEC16000072 V1 EN-US Figure 159: Configuration with XLNPROXY and GOOSEXLNRCV where only the mandatory data in the IEC 61850 modelling is used All the information from the XLNPROXY to the SCSWI about command following status, causes for failed command and selection status is transferred in the output XPOS.
Page 361 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control may be used by other functions in the same way as the corresponding outputs of the SXCBR and SXSWI function. When a command has been issued from the connected SCSWI function, the XLNPROXY function awaits the response on it from the represented switch through the inputs POSVAL and OPOK.
Page 362 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control of the switching devices are uncertain. The interlocking function uses this information for evaluation, which means that also the interlocking conditions are uncertain. To ensure that the interlocking information is correct at the time of operation, a unique reservation method is available in the IEDs.
Page 363 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control SCSWI RES_EXT SELECTED Other SCSWI in the bay en05000118.vsd IEC05000118 V2 EN-US Figure 161: Application principles for reservation with external wiring The solution in Figure can also be realized over the station bus according to the application example in Figure 162.
Page 364 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control • The Protection trip logic (SMPPTRC) connects the "trip" outputs of one or more protection functions to a common "trip" to be transmitted to SXCBR. • The Autorecloser (SMBRREC) consists of the facilities to automatically close a tripped breaker with respect to a number of configurable conditions.
Page 365 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Synchronizing OK SMPPTRC SESRSYN (Trip logic) (Synchrocheck & Synchronizer) Trip QCBAY Operator place (Bay control) selection Open cmd Close cmd SCSWI SXCBR Res. req. (Switching control) (Circuit breaker) Res. granted QCRSV (Reservation) Res.
Page 366 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control RemoteIncStation is set to Yes , commands from IEC 61850-8-1 clients at both If the parameter station and remote level are accepted, when the QCBAY function is in Remote. If set to No , the command LocSta controls which operator place is accepted when QCBAY is in Remote.
Page 367 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control SuppressMidPos when On suppresses the mid-position during the time tIntermediate of the connected switches. InterlockCheck decides if interlock check should be done at both select and The parameter operate, Sel & Op phase, or only at operate, Op phase. 15.3.9.3 Switch (SXCBR/SXSWI) M16675-3 v8...
Page 368 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control tStartMove and tIntermediate as in the In most cases, the same value can be used for both source function. However, tStartMove may need to be increased to accommodate for the communication delays, mainly when representing a circuit breaker. 15.3.9.5 Bay Reserve (QCRSV) M16677-3 v4...
Page 369 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control The switch positions used by the operational interlocking logic are obtained from auxiliary contacts or position sensors. For each end position (open or closed) a true indication is needed - thus forming a double indication. The apparatus control function continuously checks its consistency.
Page 370 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control WA1 (A) WA2 (B) WA7 (C) en04000478.vsd IEC04000478 V1 EN-US Figure 164: Switchyard layout ABC_LINE M13560-4 v5 The signals from other bays connected to the module ABC_LINE are described below. 15.4.2.2 Signals from bypass busbar M13560-6 v5 To derive the signals: Signal...
Page 371 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control QB7OPTR (bay 1) BB7_D_OP QB7OPTR (bay 2) & ..QB7OPTR (bay n-1) VPQB7TR (bay 1) VP_BB7_D VPQB7TR (bay 2) & ..VPQB7TR (bay n-1) EXDU_BPB (bay 1) EXDU_BPB EXDU_BPB (bay 2)
Page 372 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Signal BC12CLTR A bus-coupler connection through the own bus-coupler exists between busbar WA1 and WA2. BC17OPTR No bus-coupler connection through the own bus-coupler between busbar WA1 and WA7. BC17CLTR A bus-coupler connection through the own bus-coupler exists between busbar WA1 and WA7.
Page 373 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control BC12CLTR (sect.1) BC_12_CL DCCLTR (A1A2) >1 & DCCLTR (B1B2) BC12CLTR (sect.2) VPBC12TR (sect.1) VP_BC_12 & VPDCTR (A1A2) VPDCTR (B1B2) VPBC12TR (sect.2) BC17OPTR (sect.1) BC_17_OP & DCOPTR (A1A2) >1 BC17OPTR (sect.2) BC17CLTR (sect.1) BC_17_CL >1 DCCLTR (A1A2)
Page 374 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control • BB7_D_OP = 1 • BC_17_OP = 1 • BC_17_CL = 0 • BC_27_OP = 1 • BC_27_CL = 0 • EXDU_BPB = 1 • VP_BB7_D = 1 • VP_BC_17 = 1 •...
Page 375 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.4.3.2 Configuration M13553-138 v4 The signals from the other bays connected to the bus-coupler module ABC_BC are described below. 15.4.3.3 Signals from all feeders M13553-6 v4 To derive the signals: Signal BBTR_OP No busbar transfer is in progress concerning this bus-coupler.
Page 376 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Section 1 Section 2 (WA1)A1 (WA2)B1 (WA7)C A1A2_DC(BS) ABC_BC B1B2_DC(BS) ABC_LINE ABC_BC ABC_LINE AB_TRAFO en04000482.vsd IEC04000482 V1 EN-US Figure 170: Busbars divided by bus-section disconnectors (circuit breakers) The following signals from each bus-section disconnector bay (A1A2_DC) are needed. For B1B2_DC, corresponding signals from busbar B are used.
Page 377 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.4.3.4 Signals from bus-coupler M13553-58 v5 If the busbar is divided by bus-section disconnectors into bus-sections, the signals BC_12 from the busbar coupler of the other busbar section must be transmitted to the own busbar coupler if both disconnectors are closed.
Page 378 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control DCCLTR (A1A2) BC_12_CL & DCCLTR (B1B2) BC12CLTR (sect.2) VPDCTR (A1A2) VP_BC_12 & VPDCTR (B1B2) VPBC12TR (sect.2) EXDU_DC (A1A2) EXDU_BC & EXDU_DC (B1B2) EXDU_BC (sect.2) en04000485.vsd IEC04000485 V1 EN-US Figure 173: Signals to a bus-coupler bay in section 1 from a bus-coupler bay in another section For a bus-coupler bay in section 2, the same conditions as above are valid by changing section 1 to section 2 and vice versa.
Page 379 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.4.4.1 Application M13567-3 v7 The interlocking for transformer bay (AB_TRAFO) function is used for a transformer bay connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure 174. The function is used when there is no disconnector between circuit breaker and transformer.
Page 380 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Signal BC_12_CL A bus-coupler connection exists between busbar WA1 and WA2. VP_BC_12 The switch status of BC_12 is valid. EXDU_BC No transmission error from bus-coupler bay (BC). The logic is identical to the double busbar configuration “Signals from bus-coupler“. 15.4.4.3 Configuration setting M13566-22 v5...
Page 381 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control M15111-4 v3 The signals from other bays connected to the module A1A2_BS are described below. 15.4.5.2 Signals from all feeders M15111-6 v4 If the busbar is divided by bus-section circuit breakers into bus-sections and both circuit breakers are closed, the opening of the circuit breaker must be blocked if a bus-coupler connection exists between busbars on one bus-section side and if on the other bus-section side a busbar transfer is in progress:...
Page 382 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control S1S2OPTR (B1B2) BC12OPTR (sect.1) >1 QB12OPTR (bay 1/sect.2) . . . & & BBTR_OP . . . QB12OPTR (bay n/sect.2) S1S2OPTR (B1B2) BC12OPTR (sect.2) >1 QB12OPTR (bay 1/sect.1) . . . & .
Page 383 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control S1S2OPTR (A1A2) BC12OPTR (sect.1) >1 QB12OPTR (bay 1/sect.2) . . . & & BBTR_OP . . . QB12OPTR (bay n/sect.2) S1S2OPTR (A1A2) BC12OPTR (sect.2) >1 QB12OPTR (bay 1/sect.1) . . . & .
Page 384 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control 15.4.6.1 Application M13544-3 v7 The interlocking for bus-section disconnector (A1A2_DC) function is used for one bus-section disconnector between section 1 and 2 according to figure 180. A1A2_DC function can be used for different busbars, which includes a bus-section disconnector. WA1 (A1) WA2 (A2) A1A2_DC...
Page 385 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Signal QB1OPTR QB1 is open. QB2OPTR QB2 is open (AB_TRAFO, ABC_LINE). QB220OTR QB2 and QB20 are open (ABC_BC). VPQB1TR The switch status of QB1 is valid. VPQB2TR The switch status of QB2 is valid. VQB220TR The switch status of QB2 and QB20 are valid.
Page 386 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control QB1OPTR (bay 1/sect.A2) S2DC_OP . . . & ..QB1OPTR (bay n/sect.A2) DCOPTR (A2/A3) VPQB1TR (bay 1/sect.A2) VPS2_DC . . . & ..VPQB1TR (bay n/sect.A2) VPDCTR (A2/A3) EXDU_BB (bay 1/sect.A2)
Page 387 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control QB2OPTR (QB220OTR)(bay 1/sect.B2) S2DC_OP . . . & ..QB2OPTR (QB220OTR)(bay n/sect.B2) DCOPTR (B2/B3) VPQB2TR(VQB220TR) (bay 1/sect.B2) VPS2_DC . . . & ..VPQB2TR(VQB220TR) (bay n/sect.B2) VPDCTR (B2/B3) EXDU_BB (bay 1/sect.B2)
Page 388 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Signal QB1OPTR QB1 is open. QB2OPTR QB2 is open. VPQB1TR The switch status of QB1 is valid. VPQB2TR The switch status of QB2 is valid. EXDU_DB No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. The logic is identical to the double busbar configuration “Signals in single breaker arrangement”.
Page 389 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control QB2OPTR (bay 1/sect.B1) S1DC_OP . . . & ..QB2OPTR (bay n/sect.B1) VPQB2TR (bay 1/sect.B1) VPS1_DC . . . & ..VPQB2TR (bay n/sect.B1) EXDU_DB (bay 1/sect.B1) EXDU_BB .
Page 390 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control The project-specific logic is the same as for the logic for the double-breaker configuration. Signal S1DC_OP All disconnectors on bus-section 1 are open. S2DC_OP All disconnectors on bus-section 2 are open. VPS1_DC The switch status of disconnectors on bus-section 1 is valid.
Page 391 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control These signals from each line bay (ABC_LINE), each transformer bay (AB_TRAFO), and each bus- coupler bay (ABC_BC) are needed: Signal QB1OPTR QB1 is open. QB2OPTR QB2 is open (AB_TRAFO, ABC_LINE) QB220OTR QB2 and QB20 are open (ABC_BC) QB7OPTR QB7 is open.
Page 392 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control QB1OPTR (bay 1/sect.A1) BB_DC_OP . . . & ..QB1OPTR (bay n/sect.A1) DCOPTR (A1/A2) VPQB1TR (bay 1/sect.A1) VP_BB_DC . . . & ..VPQB1TR (bay n/sect.A1) VPDCTR (A1/A2) EXDU_BB (bay 1/sect.A1)
Page 393 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control QB2OPTR(QB220OTR)(bay 1/sect.B1) BB_DC_OP . . . & ..QB2OPTR (QB220OTR)(bay n/sect.B1) DCOPTR (B1/B2) VPQB2TR(VQB220TR) (bay 1/sect.B1) VP_BB_DC . . . & ..VPQB2TR(VQB220TR) (bay n/sect.B1) VPDCTR (B1/B2) EXDU_BB (bay 1/sect.B1)
Page 394 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control QB7OPTR (bay 1) BB_DC_OP . . . & ..QB7OPTR (bay n) VPQB7TR (bay 1) VP_BB_DC . . . & ..VPQB7TR (bay n) EXDU_BB (bay 1) EXDU_BB .
Page 395 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Signal DCOPTR The bus-section disconnector is open. VPDCTR The switch status of bus-section disconnector DC is valid. EXDU_DC No transmission error from the bay that contains the above information. The logic is identical to the double busbar configuration described in section “Signals in single breaker arrangement”.
Page 396 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control WA1 (A) WA2 (B) DB_BUS_B DB_BUS_A QB61 QB62 DB_LINE en04000518.vsd IEC04000518 V1 EN-US Figure 201: Switchyard layout double circuit breaker M13584-4 v4 For a double circuit-breaker bay, the modules DB_BUS_A, DB_LINE and DB_BUS_B must be used.
Page 397 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.4.9.1 Application M13570-3 v6 The interlocking for 1 1/2 breaker diameter (BH_CONN, BH_LINE_A, BH_LINE_B) functions are used for lines connected to a 1 1/2 breaker diameter according to figure 202. WA1 (A) WA2 (B) BH_LINE_B BH_LINE_A...
Page 398 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control If there is no voltage supervision, then set the corresponding inputs as follows: • VOLT_OFF = 1 • VOLT_ON = 0 15.5 Voltage control SEMOD158732-1 v3 15.5.1 Identification SEMOD173054-2 v5 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2...
Page 399 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Of these alternatives, the first and the last require communication between the function control blocks of the different transformers, whereas the middle alternative does not require any communication. The voltage control includes many extra features such as possibility to avoid simultaneous tapping of parallel transformers, hot stand by regulation of a transformer within a parallel group, with a LV CB open, compensation for a possible capacitor bank on the LV side bay of a transformer, extensive tap changer monitoring including contact wear and hunting detection,...
Page 400 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Measured Quantities SEMOD159053-61 v5 In normal applications, the LV side of the transformer is used as the voltage measuring point. If necessary, the LV side current is used as load current to calculate the line-voltage drop to the regulation point.
Page 401 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control earth voltage can increase with as much as a factor √3 in case of earth faults in a non-solidly earthed system. The analog input signals are normally common with other functions in the IED for example, protection functions.
Page 402 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Umax , TR1ATCC can initiate one or more fast step down If the busbar voltage rises above commands (ULOWER commands) in order to bring the voltage back into the security range Umin , and Umax ). The fast step down function operation can be set in one of the (settings FSDMode .
Page 403 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control t1=180 t1=150 t1=120 t1=90 t1=60 t1=30 IEC06000488_2_en.vsd IEC06000488 V2 EN-US Figure 205: Inverse time characteristic for TR1ATCCand TR8ATCC t2 , will be used for consecutive commands (commands in the same The second time delay, direction as the first command).
Page 404 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control IEC06000487-2-en.vsd IEC06000487 V2 EN-US Figure 206: Vector diagram for line voltage drop compensation The calculated load voltage U is shown on the local HMI as value ULOAD under Main menu/ Test/Function status/Control/TransformerVoltageControl(ATCC,90)/TR1ATCC:x/ TR8ATCC:x.
Page 405 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Load current I2Base Rated current, LV winding i (corresponding to Constant load voltage adjust. factor for active input LVAConst1, LVAConst2, LVAConst3 and LVAConst4 ) It shall be noted that the adjustment factor is negative in order to decrease the load voltage and positive in order to increase the load voltage.
Page 406 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control harmonized with the master from the beginning, they would stay like that as long as all transformers in the parallel group continue to participate in the parallel control. On the other hand for example, one transformer is disconnected from the group and misses a one tap step operation, and thereafter is reconnected to the group again, it will thereafter participate in the regulation but with a one tap position offset.
Page 407 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Load en06000486.vsd IEC06000486 V1 EN-US Figure 208: Parallel transformers with equal rated data. In the reverse reactance method, the line voltage drop compensation is used. The original of the line voltage drop compensation function purpose is to control the voltage at a load point further out in the network.
Page 408 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control If now the tap position between the transformers will differ, a circulating current will appear, and the transformer with the highest tap (highest no load voltage) will be the source of this circulating current.
Page 409 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control interbay communication on the IEC 61850 communication protocol. Complete exchange of TR8ATCC data, analog as well as binary, via GOOSE is made cyclically every 300 ms. The busbar voltage U is measured individually for each transformer in the parallel group by its associated TR8ATCC function.
Page 410 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control USet values for individual In parallel operation with the circulating current method, different transformers can cause the voltage regulation to be unstable. For this reason, the mean value USet for parallel operating transformers can be automatically calculated and used for the On / Off by setting parameter OperUsetPar .
Page 411 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control OperHoming DISC on TR8ATCC block is activated by open LV CB. If now the setting parameter On for that transformer, TR8ATCC will act in the following way: • The algorithm calculates the “true” busbar voltage, by averaging the voltage measurements of the other transformers included in the parallel group (voltage measurement of the “disconnected transformer”...
Page 412 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control The follower in manual mode will of course disregard any possible tapping of the master. However, as one transformer in the parallel group is now exempted from the parallel control, the binary output signal ADAPT on TR8ATCC function block will be activated for the rest of the parallel group.
Page 413 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control will be measured with opposite direction for T2 and T1. This in turn would be misinterpreted as a circulating current, and would upset a correct calculation of I . Thus, if the actual connection is as in the left figure the capacitive current I needs to be compensated for regardless of the operating conditions and in ATCC this is made numerically.
Page 414 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control elements in application configuration, it is also possible to cover for example, intervals as well as areas in the P-Q plane. Busbar topology logic SEMOD159053-259 v3 Information of the busbar topology that is, position of circuit breakers and isolators, yielding which transformers that are connected to which busbar and which busbars that are connected to each other, is vital for the Automatic voltage control for tap changer, parallel control function TR8ATCC when the circulating current or the master-follower method is used.
Page 415 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control alternatively configured internally in one IED if multiple instances of TR8ATCC reside in the same IED. Complete exchange of TR8ATCC data, analog as well as binary, on GOOSE is made cyclically every 300 ms. TR8ATCC function block has an output ATCCOUT.
Page 416 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control in each TR8ATCC, and they are predefined as T1, T2, T3,..., T8 (transformers 1 to 8). In figure there are three transformers with the parameter TrfId set to T1, T2 and T3 , respectively. For parallel control with the circulating current method or the master-follower method alternatively, the same type of data set as described above, must be exchanged between two TR8ATCC.
Page 417 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Table 62: Blocking settings Setting Values (Range) Description OCBk Alarm When any one of the three HV currents exceeds the (automatically Auto Block preset value IBlock , TR1ATCCor TR8ATCC will be reset) Auto&Man Block temporarily totally blocked.
Page 418 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Setting Values (Range) Description CmdErrBk Alarm Typical operating time for a tap changer mechanism is (manually reset) Auto Block around 3-8 seconds. Therefore, the function should Auto&Man Block wait for a position change before a new command is issued.
Page 419 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Setting Values (Range) Description TapPosBk Alarm This blocking/alarm is activated by either: (automatically Auto Block The tap changer reaching an end position i.e. one reset/manually Auto&Man Block of the extreme positions according to the reset) LowVoltTap and setting parameters...
Page 420 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Table 63: Blocking settings Setting Value (Range) Description On / Off TotalBlock (manually reset) TR1ATCCor TR8ATCC function can be totally blocked via the TotalBlock , setting parameter On / Off from which can be set the local HMI or PST.
Page 421 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Table 65: Blockings without setting possibilities Activation Type of blocking Description Disconnected Auto Block Automatic control is blocked for a transformer transformer when parallel control with the circulating current (automatically reset) method is used, and that transformer is disconnected from the LV-busbar.
Page 422 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control • Under-Voltage • Command error • Position indication error • Tap changer error • Reversed Action • Circulating current • Communication error Master-follower method When the master is blocked, the followers will not tap by themselves and there is consequently no need for further mutual blocking.
Page 423 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Tap changer extreme positions SEMOD159053-339 v3 This feature supervises the extreme positions of the tap changer according to the settings LowVoltTap and HighVoltTap . When the tap changer reaches its lowest/highest position, the corresponding ULOWER/URAISE command is prevented in both automatic and manual mode.
Page 424 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control tTCTimeout times out before The second use is to detect a jammed tap changer. If the timer the TCINPROG signal is set back to zero, the output signal TCERRAL is set high and TR1ATCCor TR8ATCC function is blocked.
Page 425 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Both counters are stored in a non-volatile memory as well as, the times and dates of their last reset. These dates are stored automatically when the command to reset the counter is issued. It is therefore necessary to check that the IED internal time is correct before these counters are reset.
Page 426 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control OVPartBk : Selection of action to be taken in case the busbar voltage U Umax . exceeds RevActPartBk : Selection of action to be taken in case Reverse Action has been activated. TapChgBk : Selection of action to be taken in case a Tap Changer Error has been identified.
Page 427 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control selected to a value near the power transformer’s tap changer voltage step (typically 75 - 125% of the tap changer step). UDeadbandInner : Setting value for one half of the inner deadband, to be set in percent of UBase .
Page 428 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control method and with no circulation (for example, assume two equal transformers on the same tap position). The load current lags the busbar voltage U with the power factor j and the Rline and Xline is designated j1. argument of the impedance Rline Xline...
Page 429 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control The effect of changing power factor of the load will be that j2 will no longer be close to -90° resulting in U being smaller or greater than U if the ratio Rline/Xline is not adjusted. Rline and Xline for j = 11°...
Page 430 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Load voltage adjustment (LVA) LVAConst1 : Setting of the first load voltage adjustment value. This adjustment of the target USet is given in percent of UBase . value LVAConst2 : Setting of the second load voltage adjustment value. This adjustment of the target USet is given in percent of UBase .
Page 431 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control P> en06000634_2_en.vsd IEC06000634 V2 EN-US Figure 217: Setting of a negative value for P> P< : When the active power falls below the value given by this setting, the output PLTREV will be tPower .
Page 432 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control ´ D = ´ ´ Comp a 100% ´ (Equation 195) EQUATION1941 V1 EN-US where: • DU is the deadband setting in percent. n denotes the desired number of difference in tap position between the transformers, •...
Page 433 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control GlobalBaseSel : Selects the global base value group used by the function to define IBase , UBase SBase . Note that this function will only use IBase value. LowVoltTap : This gives the tap position for the lowest LV-voltage. HighVoltTap : This gives the tap position for the highest LV-voltage.
Page 434 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control 15.6.1 Identification SEMOD167845-2 v3 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Logic rotating switch for function SLGAPC selection and LHMI presentation 15.6.2 Application SEMOD114927-4 v7 The logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI presentation function (SLGAPC) (or the selector switch function block, as it is also known) is used to get a selector switch functionality similar with the one provided by a hardware multi-position selector switch.
Page 435 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.7.1 Identification SEMOD167850-2 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Selector mini switch VSGAPC 15.7.2 Application SEMOD158803-5 v9 Selector mini switch (VSGAPC) function is a multipurpose function used in the configuration tool in PCM600 for a variety of applications, as a general purpose switch.
Page 436 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control 15.8.1 Identification GUID-E16EA78F-6DF9-4B37-A92D-5C09827E2297 v3 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Generic communication function for DPGAPC Double Point indication 15.8.2 Application SEMOD55391-5 v8 Generic communication function for Double Point indication (DPGAPC) function block is used to send double point position indication to other systems, equipment or functions in the substation through IEC 61850-8-1 or other communication protocols.
Page 437 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control 15.9.1 Identification SEMOD176456-2 v3 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Single point generic control 8 signals SPC8GAPC 15.9.2 Application SEMOD176511-4 v7 The Single point generic control 8 signals (SPC8GAPC) function block is a collection of 8 single point commands that can be used for direct commands for example reset of LED's or putting IED in "ChangeLock"...
Page 438 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control output point, send a control-code of latch-On, latch-Off, pulse-On, pulse-Off, Trip or Close. The remaining parameters are regarded as appropriate. For example, pulse-On, on-time=100, off- time=300, count=5 would give 5 positive 100 ms pulses, 300 ms apart. For description of the DNP3 protocol implementation, refer to the Communication manual.
Page 439 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 15 Control Single command function Configuration logic circuits SINGLECMD Close CB1 CMDOUTy OUTy User- & defined conditions Synchro- check en04000206.vsd IEC04000206 V2 EN-US Figure 220: Application example showing a logic diagram for control of a circuit breaker via configuration logic circuits Figure and figure...
Page 440 Section 15 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Control Single command function Configuration logic circuits SINGLESMD Device 1 CMDOUTy OUTy & User- defined conditions en04000208.vsd IEC04000208 V2 EN-US Figure 222: Application example showing a logic diagram for control of external devices via configuration logic circuits 15.11.3 Setting guidelines...
Page 441 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication Section 16 Scheme communication 16.1 Scheme communication logic for distance or overcurrent protection ZCPSCH IP15749-1 v3 16.1.1 Identification M14854-1 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Scheme communication logic for ZCPSCH distance or overcurrent protection...
Page 442 Section 16 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Scheme communication secure than permissive schemes because it will trip for external faults within the reach of the tripping function if the communication channel is out of service. Inadequate speed or dependability can cause spurious tripping for external faults. Inadequate security can cause delayed tripping for internal faults.
Page 443 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication Since the blocking signal is initiated by the delta based detection which is very fast the time delay tCoord can be set to zero seconds, except in cases where the transmission channel is slow.
Page 444 Section 16 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Scheme communication Since the received communication signal is combined with the output from an overreaching zone, there is less concern about a false signal causing an incorrect trip. Therefore set the tCoord to zero. timer Failure of the communication channel does not affect the selectivity, but delays tripping at one end(s) for certain fault locations.
Page 445 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication TRIP = OR + CR + T2 IEC09000014-1-en.vsd IEC09000014 V1 EN-US Figure 226: Principle of Permissive overreaching scheme OR: Overreaching Communication signal received Communication signal send Timer step 2 Unblocking scheme M16866-67 v5 Metallic communication paths adversely affected by fault generated noise may not be suitable for conventional permissive schemes that rely on a signal transmitted during a protected line...
Page 446 Section 16 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Scheme communication 16.1.3 Setting guidelines IP15021-1 v1 M13869-4 v4 The parameters for the scheme communication logic function are set via the local HMI or PCM600. Configure the zones used for the CS send and for scheme communication tripping by using the ACT configuration tool.
Page 447 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication 16.1.3.4 Permissive overreaching scheme M13869-34 v4 Operation Scheme type Permissive OR tCoord = 0 ms tSendMin = 0.1 s (0 s in parallel line applications) Unblock tSecurity = 0.035 s 16.1.3.5 Unblocking scheme M13869-43 v4 Unblock...
Page 448 Section 16 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Scheme communication IEC9900043-2.vsd IEC99000043 V3 EN-US Figure 227: Current distribution for a fault close to B side when all breakers are closed When the breaker B1 opens for clearing the fault, the fault current through B2 bay will invert. If the communication signal has not reset at the same time as the distance protection function used in the teleprotection scheme has switched on to forward direction, we will have an unwanted operation of breaker B2 at B side.
Page 449 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication signal would block the operation of the distance protection at the remote line end and in this way prevents the correct operation of a complete protection scheme. • A separate direct intertrip channel must be arranged from the remote end when a trip or accelerated trip is given there.
Page 450 Section 16 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Scheme communication 16.3 Local acceleration logic ZCLCPSCH SEMOD52894-1 v4 16.3.1 Identification M14860-1 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Local acceleration logic ZCLCPSCH 16.3.2 Application M13821-3 v4 The local acceleration logic (ZCLCPSCH) is used in applications where a conventional teleprotection scheme is not available (no communication channel), but where the user still requires fast clearance for faults on the whole line.
Page 451 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication MinCurr , should be set higher than the The setting of the minimum current detector, unsymmetrical current that might flow on the non faulty line, when the breaker at remote end has opened.
Page 452 Section 16 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Scheme communication tSecurity to 35 scheme to operate when the line fault blocks the signal transmission. Set the 16.4.3 Setting guidelines M13920-4 v7 The parameters for the scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection function are set via the local HMI or PCM600.
Page 453 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication IEC9900043-2.vsd IEC99000043 V3 EN-US Figure 229: Current distribution for a fault close to B side when all breakers are closed IEC99000044-2.vsd IEC99000044 V3 EN-US Figure 230: Current distribution for a fault close to B side when breaker at B1 is opened When the breaker on the parallel line operates, the fault current on the healthy line is reversed.
Page 454 Section 16 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Scheme communication 16.5.3.1 Current reversal M13933-6 v5 CurrRev to On or Off . The current reversal function is set on or off by setting the parameter tPickUpRev and tDelayRev . Time delays shall be set for the timers tPickUpRev is chosen shorter (<80%) than the breaker opening time, but minimum 20 ms.
Page 455 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 16 Scheme communication The zero sequence voltage for a fault at the remote line end and appropriate fault resistance is calculated. To avoid unwanted trip from the weak-end infeed logic (if spurious signals should occur), set the operate value of the broken delta voltage level detector (3U0) higher than the maximum false network frequency residual voltage that can occur during normal service conditions.
Page 457 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic Section 17 Logic 17.1 Tripping logic SMPPTRC IP14576-1 v4 17.1.1 Function revision history GUID-ADA72CE6-B6ED-48B3-A897-A7B42ECDEBB4 v1 Document Product History revision revision 2.2.1 STN (Start neutral) output added. IEC 61850 mapping is made for the added output.
Page 458 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic If the OHL is connected to the substation via more than one breaker, one SMPPTRC function block should be used for each breaker. For example when single-phase tripping and autoreclosing is used on the line, both breakers are normally set up for 1/3-phase tripping and 1/3-phase autoreclosing.
Page 459 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic The single-phase tripping operation mode can include different options and the use of the different inputs in the function block. Inputs TRINL1, TRINL2, and TRINL3 shall be used for trip signals from functions with built-in phase selection logic such as distance or line differential protection functions.
Page 460 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic Protection functions with 3 SMPPTRC TMGAPC phase trip, for example time TRIP BLOCK delayed overcurrent protection BLKLKOUT TRL1 TRINALL TRL2 TRINL1 TRL3 Phase segregated trip L1, L2 and L3 TRINL2 from example line differential or TRINL3 TR1P distance protection...
Page 461 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic If CLLKOUT is set by an external trip signal from another protection function, that is by activating SETLKOUT input, or internally by a three-phase trip, that is with the setting AutoLock = On and the setting TripLockout = On , then also all trip outputs are set latched. The lockout can manually be reset after checking the primary fault by activating the reset lockout input RSTLKOUT.
Page 462 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic The Start Matrix (SMAGAPC) merges start and directional output signals from different application functions and creates a common directional output signal (STDIR) to be connected to the trip function (SMPPTRC). Protection functions connect their directional data via the STARTCOMB function to SMAGAPC and then to the SMPPTRC, or directly to SMAGAPC and then to the SMPPTRC.
Page 463 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic 17.2.2 Application M15321-3 v14 The trip matrix logic (TMAGAPC) function is used to route trip signals and other logical output signals to different output contacts on the IED. The trip matrix logic function has 3 output signals and these outputs can be connected to physical tripping outputs according to the specific application needs for settable pulse or steady output.
Page 464 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic 17.4 Logic for group alarm WRNCALH 17.4.1 Identification GUID-3EBD3D5B-F506-4557-88D7-DFC0BD21C690 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Logic for group warning WRNCALH 17.4.1.1 Application GUID-FC0DBB7B-FF86-44BF-83D6-DDF120A176DE v1 Group warning logic function WRNCALH is used to route warning signals to LEDs and/or output contacts on the IED.
Page 465 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic 17.6.1 Application GUID-F5D6F065-441B-4296-AC56-F4DC1F5487E3 v3 A set of standard logic blocks, like AND, OR etc, and timers are available for adapting the IED configuration to the specific application needs. Additional logic blocks that, beside the normal logical function, have the capability to propagate timestamp and quality are also available.
Page 466 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic IEC09000310-2-en.vsd IEC09000310 V2 EN-US Figure 237: Example designation, serial execution number and cycle time for logic function that also propagates timestamp and quality of input signals The execution of different function blocks within the same cycle is determined by the order of their serial execution numbers.
Page 467 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic For normal transformers only one winding and the neutral point is available. This means that only two inputs are used. Since all group connections are mandatory to be connected, the third input needs to be connected to something, which is the GRP_OFF signal in FXDSIGN function block.
Page 468 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic Name of input Type Default Description Value when Value when activated deactivated BOOLEAN Input 1 BOOLEAN Input 2 BOOLEAN Input 3 BOOLEAN Input 4 BOOLEAN Input 5 BOOLEAN Input 6 BOOLEAN Input 7 BOOLEAN Input 8 BOOLEAN...
Page 469 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic Values of each of the different OUTx from function block BTIGAPC for 1≤x≤16. The sum of the value on each INx corresponds to the integer presented on the output OUT on the function block BTIGAPC. Name of input Type Default...
Page 470 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic activated that is = Boolean 1 it corresponds to that integer 65535 is available on the output OUT. IB16 function is designed for receiving up to 16 booleans input locally. If the BLOCK input is activated, it will freeze the output at the last value.
Page 471 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic the user wants to generate logical commands (for selector switches or voltage controllers) by inputting an integer number. ITBGAPC function has a logical node mapping in IEC 61850. The Integer to Boolean 16 conversion with logic node representation function (ITBGAPC) will transfer an integer with a value between 0 to 65535 communicated via IEC 61850 and connected to the ITBGAPC function block to a combination of activated outputs OUTx where 1≤x≤16.
Page 472 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic Settable time limits for warning and alarm are provided. The time limit for overflow indication is fixed to 999999.9 seconds. 17.12.3 Setting guidelines GUID-2911D624-87D5-4427-BB2F-E0D1072394FA v3 The settings tAlarm and tWarning are user settable limits defined in seconds. The achievable resolution of the settings depends on the level of the values defined.
Page 473 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic Input REF : The function will take reference value from input REF • • Set Value : The function will take reference value from setting SetValue SetValue : This setting is used to set the reference value for comparison when setting RefSource is selected as SetValue .
Page 474 Section 17 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Logic 17.14.2 Identification GUID-0D68E846-5A15-4C2C-91A2-F81A74034E81 v1 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Comparator for real inputs REALCOMP Real<=> 17.14.3 Application GUID-5F7B1683-9799-4D27-B333-B184F8861A5B v1 The function gives the possibility to monitor the level of real values in the system relative to each other or to a fixed value.
Page 475 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 17 Logic EqualBandHigh = 5.0 % of reference value EqualBandLow = 5.0 % of reference value Operation The function will set the outputs for the following conditions, INEQUAL will set when the INPUT is between the ranges of 95 to 105 kA. INHIGH will set when the INPUT crosses above 105 kA.
Page 477 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Section 18 Monitoring 18.1 Measurement GUID-9D2D47A0-FE62-4FE3-82EE-034BED82682A v1 18.1.1 Identification SEMOD56123-2 v8 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Power system measurements CVMMXN P, Q, S, I, U, f SYMBOL-RR V1 EN-US Phase current measurement CMMXU...
Page 478 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring The available measured values from an IED are depending on the actual hardware (TRM) and the logic configuration made in PCM600. All measured values can be supervised with four settable limits that is, low-low limit, low limit, high limit and high-high limit.
Page 479 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Outputs seen on the local HMI under Main menu/Measurements/Monitoring/ Servicevalues(P_Q)/CVMMXN(P_Q): Apparent three-phase power Active three-phase power Reactive three-phase power Power factor ILAG I lagging U ILEAD I leading U System mean voltage, calculated according to selected mode System mean current, calculated according to selected mode Frequency Relevant settings and their values on the local HMI under Main menu/Settings/IED settings/...
Page 480 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring UAmpCompY : Amplitude compensation to calibrate voltage measurements at Y% of Ur, where Y is equal to 5, 30 or 100. IAmpCompY : Amplitude compensation to calibrate current measurements at Y% of Ir, where Y is equal to 5, 30 or 100.
Page 481 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring XLowLowLim : Low-low limit. Set as % of YBase (Y is SBase for S,P,Q UBase for Voltage measurement and IBase for current measurement). XLimHyst : Hysteresis value in % of range and is common for all limits. All phase angles are presented in relation to defined reference channel.
Page 482 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring The available measured values of an IED are depending on the actual hardware (TRM) and the logic configuration made in PCM600. Measurement function application for a 400kV OHL SEMOD54481-12 v11 Single line diagram for this application is given in figure 241: 400kV Busbar 1000/1 A 400kV OHL...
Page 483 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Setting Short Description Selected Comments value UGenZeroDb Zero point clamping in % of Set minimum voltage level to 25%. Voltage Ubase below 25% will force S, P and Q to zero. IGenZeroDb Zero point clamping in % of Set minimum current level to 3%.
Page 484 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Setting Short Description Selected Comments value IAngComp5 Angle calibration for current at 0.00 5% of Ir IAngComp30 Angle pre-calibration for 0.00 current at 30% of Ir IAngComp100 Angle pre-calibration for 0.00 current at 100% of Ir Measurement function application for a power transformer SEMOD54481-61 v9 Single line diagram for this application is given in figure 242.
Page 485 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring PhaseAngleRef (see Section Set correctly all CT and VT and phase angle reference channel “Setting of the phase reference channel”) data using PCM600 for analog input channels Connect, in PCM600, measurement function to LV side CT & VT inputs Set the setting parameters for relevant Measurement function as shown in the following table 71: Table 71:...
Page 486 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring 220kV Busbar 300/1 100 MVA 242/15,65 kV 15 / 0,1kV L1L2 L2L3 100MVA 15,65kV 4000/5 IEC09000041-1-en.vsd IEC09000041-1-EN V1 EN-US Figure 243: Single line diagram for generator application In order to measure the active and reactive power as indicated in figure 243, it is necessary to do the following: PhaseAngleRef (see Set correctly all CT and VT data and phase angle reference channel...
Page 487 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Table 72: General settings parameters for the Measurement function Setting Short description Selected Comment value Operation Operation Off/On Function must be PowAmpFact Amplitude factor to scale 1.000 Typically no scaling is required power calculations PowAngComp Angle compensation for phase...
Page 488 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring 18.2.3 Application GUID-A840E38C-CC42-4995-A569-A6092DDB81B2 v6 Gas medium supervision (SSIMG) is used for monitoring the circuit breaker condition. Proper arc extinction by the compressed gas in the circuit breaker is very important. When the pressure becomes too low compared to the required value, the circuit breaker operation shall be blocked to minimize the risk of internal failure.
Page 489 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Document Product History revision revision 2.2.3 2.2.3 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.4 Binary quality inputs SENLVLQ and SENTEMPQ have been added for pressure and temperature sensor signals in order to control alarm and lockout signals. Whenever there is no sensor, the quality of the binary input will be low.
Page 490 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring tResetLevelLO : This is used for the level lockout indication to reset after a set time delay in s. tResetTempLO : This is used for the temperature lockout indication to reset after a set time delay in s.
Page 491 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring 100000 50000 20000 10000 5000 2000 1000 Interrupted current (kA) IEC12000623_1_en.vsd IEC12000623 V1 EN-US Figure 244: An example for estimating the remaining life of a circuit breaker Calculation for estimating the remaining life The graph shows that there are 10000 possible operations at the rated operating current and 900 operations at 10 kA and 50 operations at rated fault current.
Page 492 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring depends on the type of circuit breaker. The energy values were accumulated using the current value and exponent factor for CB contact opening duration. When the next CB opening operation is started, the energy is accumulated from the previous value. The accumulated energy value can be reset to initial accumulation energy value by using the Reset accumulating energy input, RSTIPOW.
Page 493 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring GlobalBaseSel : It is used to select a GBASVAL function for reference of base values. Operation : On or Off . IBase : Base phase current in primary A. This current is used as reference for current settings. OpenTimeCorr : Correction factor for circuit breaker opening travel time.
Page 494 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring 18.5.1 Identification SEMOD167950-2 v2 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Event function EVENT S00946 V1 EN-US 18.5.2 Application M12805-6 v11 When using a Substation Automation system with LON or SPA communication, time-tagged events can be sent at change or cyclically from the IED to the station level.
Page 495 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring 18.6.1 Function revision history GUID-85FF8EB6-0D47-4776-8E1A-2F8F978B5F00 v1 Document Product History revision revision 2.2.1 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.3 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.4 Increased the total number of recordings to 200 and events to 5000. Total number of recordings (MaxNoStoreRec setting) is no longer configurable.
Page 496 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Every disturbance report recording is saved in the IED. The same applies to all events, which are continuously saved in a ring-buffer. Local HMI can be used to get information about the recordings, and the disturbance report files may be uploaded in the PCM600 using the Disturbance handling tool, for report reading or further analysis (using WaveWin, that can be found on the PCM600 installation CD).
Page 497 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Disturbance Report AxRADR DRPRDRE Analog signals Trip value rec Fault locator Disturbance BxRBDR recorder Binary signals Event list Event recorder Indications IEC09000336-3-en.vsdx IEC09000336 V3 EN-US Figure 245: Disturbance report functions and related function blocks For Disturbance report function there are a number of settings which also influences the sub- functions.
Page 498 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring • Disturbance reports are not stored. • LED information (yellow - start, red - trip) is not stored or changed. Operation = On : • Disturbance reports are stored, disturbance data can be read from the local HMI and from a PC for example using PCM600.
Page 499 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring the post-fault period and lasts longer than the proceeding recording a new complete recording will be started. Disturbance report function can handle a maximum of 3 simultaneous disturbance recordings. 18.6.4.2 Binary input signals M12179-90 v9 Up to 352 binary signals can be selected among internal logical and binary input signals.
Page 500 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Indications M12179-448 v4 IndicationMaN : Indication mask for binary input N. If set ( Show ), a status change of that particular input, will be fetched and shown in the disturbance summary on local HMI. If not set Hide ), status change will not be indicated.
Page 501 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring There is a risk of flash wear out if the disturbance report triggers too often. Remember that values of parameters set elsewhere are linked to the information on a report. Such parameters are, for example, station and object identifiers, CT and VT ratios. 18.7 Logical signal status report BINSTATREP GUID-E7A2DB38-DD96-4296-B3D5-EB7FBE77CE07 v2...
Page 502 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring 18.8 Fault locator LMBRFLO IP14592-1 v2 18.8.1 Function revision history GUID-1740AA05-417C-4474-ABE7-F15CB4D16019 v2 Document Product History revision revision 2.2.1 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.3 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.4 Added FLINVAL, FLT_DIST, FLT_R, and FLT_LOOP outputs in the ACT function block.
Page 503 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring The distance to fault can be recalculated on the local HMI by using the measuring algorithm for different fault loops or for changed system parameters. 18.8.4 Setting guidelines IP14835-1 v1 M13769-3 v7 The parameters for the Fault locator function are set via the local HMI or PCM600.
Page 504 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring 18.8.4.1 Connection of analog currents M13769-16 v6 Connection diagram for analog currents included IN from parallel line shown in Figure 248. en07000113-1.vsd IEC07000113 V2 EN-US Figure 248: Example of connection of parallel line IN for Fault locator LMBRFLO 18.9 Limit counter L4UFCNT GUID-22E141DB-38B3-462C-B031-73F7466DD135 v1...
Page 505 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring It is also possible to initiate the counter from a non-zero value by resetting the function to the wanted initial value provided as a setting. If applicable, the counter can be set to stop or rollover to zero and continue counting after reaching the maximum count value.
Page 506 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring 18.11.1 Application GUID-7F37B3D6-C98E-4780-AB5B-12780566FFA2 v1 A typical power transformer is composed of: • Laminated steel core with copper or aluminium windings • Solid refined paper insulation • Highly refined mineral oil as insulating and cooling medium for the entire transformer The oil is cooled by a separate cooling system using air or water.
Page 507 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring to conductors in the lower part of the winding. Therefore, direct hot spot temperature measurement is difficult. Hence, it should be calculated using the empirical formulae given by relevant standards. The hot spot temperature shall be monitored continuously so that it will not exceed the transformer oil flashover value.
Page 508 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring • Normal life expectancy • Normal life expectancy loading: The transformer loading is continuous at rated output when operated under usual conditions. • Sacrifice of life expectancy • Planned loading beyond nameplate: Restricted to transformers that do not carry a continuous steady load and it is a normal, planned repetitive load.
Page 509 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Insulation aging or deterioration is a time function of temperature, moisture content, and oxygen content. With modern oil preservation systems, the moisture and oxygen contributions to insulation deterioration can be minimized, leaving insulation temperature as the controlling parameter.
Page 510 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring In the case of single phase transformers: • If the transformer rating is less than 0.833 MVA, the function considers this as a distribution transformer. • If the transformer rating is less than 33.3 MVA, it is considered as a medium power transformer.
Page 511 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Winding 1&3 : Only winding 1 and winding 3 CTs are available. This option can be selected • when three winding transformer is considered. Winding 2&3 : Only winding 2 and winding 3 CTs are available. This option can be selected •...
Page 512 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring WdgTmConstMode : This setting is used to select the winding time constant mode of input to the function. It has three options: Standard : Winding time constant is taken from the IEEE or IEC standard as selected for •...
Page 513 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring RLMaxTap : This setting is used to set the ratio of load losses to no-load loss at maximum tap position where maximum voltage is possible. RLMinTap : This setting is used to set the ratio of load losses to no-load loss at minimum tap position where minimum voltage is possible.
Page 514 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring HPTmpRiseWX and TopOilTmpRise ) should be The above setting values ( obtained from the manufacturer based on certified heat run test reports conducted at maximum rating given in the name plate. The IEEE C57.91-1995 also recommends assuming a value of 80 °C for a 65 °C average winding rise and a value of 65 °C for a 55 °C average winding rise on its nameplate, respectively.
Page 515 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring IEEE C57.96-1995 has suggested maximum temperature limits for the four types of loading, see table 74. Table 74: Suggested maximum temperature limits Type of temperature Normal life Planned loading Long term loading Short term loading expectancy loading beyond nameplate...
Page 516 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Parameter Value Note Connection Type YNyn0d1 Cooling ONAF p.u. Impedance 0.120 At Base 500 MVA CT ratio Winding 1 1000/1 A CT ratio Winding 2 2000/1 A CT ratio Winding 3 1000/1 A 18.11.3.2 Setting parameters for insulation loss of life calculation function (LOL1) GUID-6869A06A-4DDC-4FB5-AC56-5463F3709862 v1...
Page 517 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Setting Short Description Selected value OilTimeConst 9000.0 sec Set the transformer oil time constant when the oil time constant mode is selected as User defined AvgOilTmpRise 45° C Set the transformer average oil temperature rise for the calculation of oil time constant CoilCoreMass...
Page 518 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Setting Short Description Selected value CuLossW1 2.0 MW Set the transformer winding loss for the winding 1 when the winding time constant mode is selected as Calculated CuLossW2 Set the transformer winding loss for 4.0 MW the winding 2 when the winding time constant mode is selected as...
Page 519 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring Setting Short Description Selected value AprilAmbTmp 30° C Set the April month average ambient temperature for the calculation of top oil temperature when ambient temperature sensor failure/absence MayAmbTmp Set the May month average ambient 30°...
Page 520 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Setting Short Description Selected value CurrTypeTestW1 696.0 A Set the current applied to the winding 1 during type test CurrTypeTestW2 1255.0 A Set the current applied to the winding 2 during type test CurrTypeTestW3 577.0 A Set the current applied to the winding...
Page 521 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring effects are cumulative over the transformers lifetime. They are based principally on informed engineering judgment and favorable, historical field experience as said in IEEE standard. 2000 1000 12 10 8 7 6 5 4 % Transformer impedance Times normal base current IEC18000078-1-en.vsdx...
Page 522 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring ZSCurrCor = Off or On and does not require current calculation is done numerically by setting any auxiliary transformers or zero sequence traps. However, it is necessary to consider zero ZSCurrCor to Off or On . sequence currents from every individual winding by proper setting of On the other hand, winding current transformers measure the winding currents directly so ZSCurrCor should be set...
Page 523 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring HighTapPsOLTC1 : It defines the tap position number at which maximum voltage is possible for OLTC1. StepSizeOLTC1 : It defines the change per OLTC1 step (for example, 1.5% of the rated voltage of that winding).
Page 524 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Even though transformer damages caused by through faults are cumulative by nature, individual through fault events also require attention. This is because the impact of several small through faults can be less compared to one heavy through fault. The PTRSTHR function monitors each through fault events and accumulates the calculated t is calculated for all values for each fault to determine the cumulative effect.
Page 525 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring sequence current is then calculated and included in the winding currents itself unless there is more than one delta winding configuration. However, the IED can also be used in applications where some of the main CTs are connected in delta.
Page 526 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring For DAC delta connected main CTs, the ratio shall be set for √3 times smaller than the actual ratio of individual phase CTs. The StarPoint parameter, for the particular star connection shall ToObject .
Page 527 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring CT 300/5 CT 300/5 in Delta Star (DAC) 20.9 MVA 20.9 MVA 69/12.5 kV 69/12.5 kV YNd1 YNd1 CT 800/5 CT 800/5 Star Star en06000554.vsd IEC06000554 V1 EN-US Figure 253: Star-delta connected power transformer solutions For this particular power transformer, the 69 kV side phase-to-earth no-load voltages lead the 12.5 kV side phase-to-earth no-load voltages by 30 degrees.
Page 528 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Table 78: HV side CTs input channels Setting parameter Selected value for solution 1 (star Selected value for solution 2 connected CT) (delta connected CT) CTprim EQUATION1888 V1 EN-US (To compensate for delta connected CTs) CTsec CTStarPoint...
Page 529 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring CT 400/5 CT 400/5 Star Star 60 MVA 60 MVA 115/24.9 kV 115/24.9 kV Dyn1 Dyn1 CT 1500/5 CT 1500/5 in Delta Star (DAB) en06000555.vsd IEC06000555 V1 EN-US Figure 254: Delta-star connected power transformer solutions For this particular power transformer, the 115 kV side phase-to-earth no-load voltages lead the 24.9 kV side phase-to-earth no-load voltages by 30 degrees.
Page 530 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Table 81: LV side CTs input channels Setting parameter Selected value for solution 1 (star Selected value for solution 2 connected CT) (delta connected CT) CTprim 1500 1500 EQUATION1889 V1 EN-US (To compensate for delta connected CTs) CTsec CTStarPoint...
Page 531 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring CT 200/1 CT 200/1 in Delta Star (DAB) 31.5/31.5/(10.5) MVA 31.5/31.5/(10.5) MVA 110±11×1.5% /36.75/(10.5) kV 110±11×1.5% /36.75/(10.5) kV YNyn0(d5) YNyn0(d5) CT 500/5 CT 500/5 in Delta Star (DAB) en06000558.vsd IEC06000558 V1 EN-US Figure 255: Star-star connected power transformer solutions For this particular power transformer, the 110 kV side phase-to-earth no-load voltages are exactly in phase with the 36.75 kV side phase-to-earth no-load voltages.
Page 532 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Table 84: LV side CTs input channels Setting parameter Selected value for solution 1 (star Selected value for solution 2 connected CT) (delta connected CT) CTprim EQUATION1892 V1 EN-US (To compensate for delta connected CTs) CTsec CTStarPoint...
Page 533 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring IEC vector group Positive sequence no-load Required delta CT connection type on star side of the voltage phasor diagram protected power transformer and internal vector group setting in the IED YNd1 DAC/Yy0 IEC06000559 V1 EN-US Dyn1 DAB/Yy0...
Page 534 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring According to IEEE C57.109.1993 standard, single phase transformers above 10 MVA and three phase transformers above 30 MVA come under category IV transformers. The recommended protection curve for category IV transformer is given in Figure 251.
Page 535 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring 18.12.4.3 Application example for OHL GUID-FDD5C618-93B0-4DE7-A7E4-D997E2087769 v1 Additionally, the PTRSTHR function can be used to monitor faults on OHL. In such cases, the OHL current and voltage shall be connected to W1 inputs. In case of one-and-a-half breaker configuration, W1 and W2 currents shall be used.
Page 536 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring Various practical conditions which have dynamic characteristics like the speed of locomotion, load and line condition will make this problem even worse. Harmonic current increases the heat dissipation due to hysteresis and eddy currents, which causes stress on insulation materials.
Page 537 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 18 Monitoring WrnLimit2ndHD : It defines the warning limit for the calculated second harmonic distortion. tDelayAlm2ndHD : It defines the alarm delay time from warning for the calculated second harmonic distortion. WrnLimit3rdHD : It defines the warning limit for the calculated third harmonic distortion. tDelayAlm3rdHD : It defines the alarm delay time from warning for the calculated third harmonic distortion.
Page 538 Section 18 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Monitoring • Poor power quality • Increase in operational cost due to less productivity • Damage to sensitive equipment in nearby facilities. GUID-45A6724C-1FF0-4910-9878-01518111EB26 v1 In general, harmonics can cause reduced equipment life if a system is designed without considering the harmonics and if the equipment is not designed to withstand harmonics.
Page 539 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 19 Metering Section 19 Metering 19.1 Pulse-counter logic PCFCNT IP14600-1 v3 19.1.1 Identification M14879-1 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Pulse-counter logic PCFCNT S00947 V1 EN-US 19.1.2 Application M13395-3 v6 Pulse-counter logic (PCFCNT) function counts externally generated binary pulses, for instance...
Page 540 Section 19 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Metering 19.2 Function for energy calculation and demand handling ETPMMTR SEMOD153638-1 v2 19.2.1 Identification SEMOD175537-2 v4 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Function for energy calculation and ETPMMTR W_Varh demand handling...
Page 541 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 19 Metering 19.2.3 Setting guidelines SEMOD175556-4 v6 The parameters are set via the local HMI or PCM600. The following settings can be done for the energy calculation and demand handling function ETPMMTR: GlobalBaseSel : Selects the global base value group used by the function to define IBase , UBase SBase .
Page 543 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 20 Ethernet-based communication Section 20 Ethernet-based communication 20.1 Access point 20.1.1 Application GUID-2942DF07-9BC1-4F49-9611-A5691D2C925C v1 The access points are used to connect the IED to the communication buses (like the station bus) that use communication protocols. The access point can be used for single and redundant data communication.
Page 544 Section 20 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Ethernet-based communication To increase security it is recommended to uncheck protocols that are not used on the access point. Default gateway . The default The default gateway can be selected by entering the IP address in gateway is the router that is used to communicate with the devices in the other subnetwork.
Page 545 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 20 Ethernet-based communication Device 2 Device 1 PhyPortA PhyPortB PhyPortA PhyPortB Switch A Switch B PhyPortA PhyPortB PhyPortA PhyPortB Device 4 Device 3 IEC09000758-4-en.vsd IEC09000758 V4 EN-US Figure 257: Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) Device 1 Device 2 PhyPortA PhyPortB...
Page 546 Section 20 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Ethernet-based communication Redundancy : redundant communication is activated when the parameter is set to PRP-0 , PRP-1 HSR . The settings for the next access point will be hidden and PhyPortB will show the second port information.
Page 547 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 20 Ethernet-based communication IEC17000044-1-en.vsdx IEC17000044 V1 EN-US Figure 260: Merging unit 20.3.2 Setting guidelines GUID-3449AB24-8C9D-4D9A-BD46-5DDF59A0F8E3 v1 For information on the merging unit setting guidelines, see section IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication protocol. 20.4 Routes 20.4.1 Application GUID-19616AC4-0FFD-4FF4-9198-5E33938E5ABD v1 Setting up a route enables communication to a device that is located in another subnetwork.
Page 549 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication Section 21 Station communication 21.1 Communication protocols M14815-3 v14 Each IED is provided with several communication interfaces enabling it to connect to one or many substation level systems or equipment, either on the Substation Automation (SA) bus or Substation Monitoring (SM) bus.
Page 550 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication Engineering Station HSI Workstation Gateway Base System Printer KIOSK 3 KIOSK 1 KIOSK 2 IEC09000135_en.v IEC09000135 V1 EN-US Figure 261: SA system with IEC 61850–8–1 M16925-3 v4 Figure262 shows the GOOSE peer-to-peer communication. Station HSI MicroSCADA Gateway...
Page 551 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication GOOSEPortEd1 : Selection of the Ethernet link where GOOSE traffic shall be sent and received. This is only valid for Edition 1 and can be ignored if Edition 2 is used. For Edition 2, the Ethernet link selection is done with the Ethernet Configuration Tool (ECT) in PCM600.
Page 552 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication Function block type Data Type GOOSEINTRCV Integer GOOSEMVRCV Analog value GOOSESPRCV Single point GOOSEVCTRRCV VCTR signals parallel mode GOOSEXLNRCV Switch status Application GUID-808177B7-02CA-40DF-B41B-8B580E38478B v1 The GOOSE receive function blocks are used to receive subscribed data from the GOOSE protocol.
Page 553 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication Printer Events Printer SDM600 Maintenance Center Network Control Center WAMS IEC 6185 0 AFS 6xx Engineering Computer HMI Firewall FOX615 Workstation Gateway AFS 6xx NSD570 AFS 6xx AFS 6xx ITT600 IET600 PCM600 SAM600 SAM600...
Page 554 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication Station Wide Station Wide SCADA System GPS Clock IEC61850-8-1 Splitter Electrical-to- Optical Converter IEC61850-8-1 110 V Other 1PPS Relays IEC61850-9-2LE Ethernet Switch IEC61850-9-2LE 1PPS Merging Unit Combi Sensor Conventional VT en08000069-3.vsd IEC08000069 V2 EN-US Figure 265: Example of a station configuration with the IED receiving analog values from both classical measuring transformers and merging units.
Page 555 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication SMAI function blocks exist in different cycle times, and all the SMAI blocks that receive SV streams from the merging units must have the block input signal configured in the same way to get the correct behavior. GUID-F723C815-3A26-481A-B046-21D1243E7080 V1 EN-US Figure 266: Configuration of current inputs using SMAIs in a 1 1/2 circuit breaker application.
Page 556 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication XX can take value 01–12. 21.3.4.1 Specific settings related to the IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication SEMOD166590-24 v7 The process bus communication IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE has specific settings, similar to the analog inputs modules. If there are more than one sample group involved, time synch is mandatory.
Page 557 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication Function description IEC 61850 identification Function description IEC 61850 identification Instantaneous residual EFPIOC Sensitive Directional SDEPSDE overcurrent protection residual over current and power protetcion Phase selection, FDPSPDIS Synchrocheck, energizing SESRSYN quadrilateral check, and synchronizing characteristic with fixed angle...
Page 558 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication Function description IEC 61850 identification Function description IEC 61850 identification Zero sequence LCZSPTOC Fast distance protection ZMFCPDIS overcurrent protection Zero sequence LCZSPTOV High speed distance ZMFPDIS overvoltage protection protection Line differential LDLPSCH Distance measuring ZMCAPDIS...
Page 559 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication Function description IEC 61850 identification Function description IEC 61850 identification Voltage delta DELVSPVC Current delta DELISPVC supervision, 2 phase supervision, 2 phase DELSPVC Current harmonic CHMMHAN monitoring, 2 phase 21.3.4.2 Setting examples for IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE and time synchronization GUID-CEDD520A-8A13-41DF-BFF1-8A3B4C00E098 v3 The IED and the Merging Units (MU) should use the same time reference especially if analog data is used from several sources, for example from an internal TRM and an MU, or if several...
Page 560 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication Using PTP for synchronizing the MU SAM600 TS SAM600 VT SAM600 CT IEC17000040-1-en.vsdx IEC17000040 V1 EN-US Figure 267: Setting example with PTP synchronization Settings on the local HMI under Main menu/Configuration/Time/Synchronization/ TIMESYNCHGEN:1/IEC61850-9-2: HwSyncSrc : is not used as the SW-time and HW-time are connected with each other due to •...
Page 561 Figure 268: Setting example when MU is the synchronizing source Settings on the local HMI under Main menu/Configuration/Time/Synchronization/ TIMESYNCHGEN:1/IEC61850-9-2: HwSyncSrc : set to PPS as generated by the MU (ABB MU) • SyncLostMode : set to Block to block protection functions if time synchronization is lost •...
Page 562 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication PPS / IRIG-B IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE data STATION CLOCK IEC10000074=2=en=Original.vsd IEC10000074 V2 EN-US Figure 269: Setting example with external synchronization Settings on the local HMI under Main menu/Configuration/Time/Synchronization/ TIMESYNCHGEN:1/IEC61850-9-2: HwSyncSrc : set to PPS/IRIG-B depending on available outputs on the clock. •...
Page 563 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE Data IEC10000075=2=en=Original.vsd IEC10000075 V2 EN-US Figure 270: Setting example without time synchronization It is also possible to use IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication without time synchronization. Settings on the local HMI under Main menu/Configuration/Time/Synchronization/ TIMESYNCHGEN:1/IEC61850-9-2: HwSyncSrc : set to Off •...
Page 564 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication IEC16000073-1-en.vsdx IEC16000073 V1 EN-US Figure 271: Quality expander block in ACT The expanded quality bits are visible on the outputs as per IEC 61850-7-3 standard. When written to IED, the configuration will show the expanded form of the respective MU channel quality information during the online monitoring in the ACT.
Page 565 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication The fiber optic LON bus is implemented using either glass core or plastic core fiber optic cables. Table 89: Specification of the fiber optic connectors Glass fiber Plastic fiber Cable connector ST-connector snap-in connector Cable diameter...
Page 566 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication 21.4.2.1 Identification GUID-1A6E066C-6399-4D37-8CA5-3074537E48B2 v3 Function description IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification identification device number Multiple command and receive MULTICMDRCV Multiple command and send MULTICMDSND 21.4.2.2 Application M14790-3 v5 The IED provides two function blocks enabling several IEDs to send and receive signals via the interbay bus.
Page 567 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication SPA communication is mainly used for the Station Monitoring System. It can include different IEDs with remote communication possibilities. Connection to a PC can be made directly (if the PC is located in the substation), via a telephone modem through a telephone network with ITU (former CCITT) characteristics or via a LAN/WAN connection.
Page 568 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication 21.6 IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol IP14615-1 v2 21.6.1 Application IP14864-1 v1 M17109-3 v7 TCP/IP Control Center Station HSI Gateway Star coupler IEC05000660-4-en.vsd IEC05000660 V4 EN-US Figure 274: Example of IEC 60870-5-103 communication structure for a substation automation system IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol is mainly used when a protection IED communicates with a third party control or monitoring system.
Page 569 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication • Event handling • Report of analog service values (measurands) • Fault location • Command handling • Autorecloser ON/OFF • Teleprotection ON/OFF • Protection ON/OFF • LED reset • Characteristics 1 - 4 (Setting groups) •...
Page 570 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication • Supervision indications in monitor direction Function block with defined functions for supervision indications in monitor direction, I103Superv. This block includes the FUNCTION TYPE parameter, and the INFORMATION NUMBER parameter is defined for each output signal. •...
Page 571 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication 21.6.2 Settings M17109-116 v1 21.6.2.1 Settings for RS485 and optical serial communication M17109-118 v13 General settings SPA, DNP and IEC 60870-5-103 can be configured to operate on the SLM optical serial port while DNP and IEC 60870-5-103 additionally can utilize the RS485 port.
Page 572 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication The slave number can be set to any value between 1 and 254. The communication speed, can be set either to 9600 bits/s or 19200 bits/s. RevPolarity : Setting for inverting the light (or not). Standard IEC 60870-5-103 setting is •...
Page 573 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 21 Station communication DRA#-Input IEC 60870-5-103 meaning Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range Private range...
Page 574 Section 21 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Station communication REC 242 Private range, use default RED 192 Compatible range RET 176 Compatible range REB 207 Private range REG 150 Private range REQ 245 Private range RER 152 Private range RES 118 Private range Refer to the tables in the Technical reference manual /Station communication, specifying the information types supported by the communication protocol IEC 60870-5-103.
Page 575 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 22 Remote communication Section 22 Remote communication 22.1 Binary signal transfer IP12423-1 v2 22.1.1 Identification M14849-1 v4 Function description IEC 61850 identification IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 identification device number Binary signal transfer, BinSignRec1_1 receive BinSignRec1_2 BSR2M_305 BSR2M_312...
Page 576 Section 22 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Remote communication Doing so will affect all protections for the connected cycle time. LDCM 64kbit will increase trip time about 5 - 15 ms during normal conditions. LDCM 2Mbit will increase trip time about 2-3 ms during normal conditions. In addition IED can get transmission delay from communication either from direct fiber or other equipment such as MUXs etc.
Page 577 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 22 Remote communication en06000519-2.vsd IEC06000519 V2 EN-US Figure 277: Direct fiber optical connection between two IEDs with LDCM The LDCM can also be used together with an external optical to galvanic G.703 converter or with an alternative external optical to galvanic X.21 as shown in figure 278.
Page 578 Section 22 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Remote communication Blocked IED does not use data from the LDCM OutOfService IED informs the remote end that it is out of service TerminalNo is used to assign a unique address to each LDCM in all current differential IEDs. Up to 256 LDCMs can be assigned a unique number.
Page 579 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 22 Remote communication HighPower . Long-range LDCM: Typical distance 120 km for An optical budget calculation should be made for the actual case. For medium range LDCM and LowPower setting to minimize the power long range LDCM the recommendation is to use the consumption and keep the heat dissipation at minimum.
Page 580 Section 22 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Remote communication Type of LDCM Short range (SR) Short range (SR) Medium range (MR) Long range (LR) 2 contacts 2 dB 3 dB 0.6 dB 0.6 dB Factory splice 0.3 dB 0.45 dB 0.64 dB 0.96 dB attenuation...
Page 581 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 22 Remote communication merging unit according to IEC 61850-9-2 is used instead of the TRM, this parameter shall be set to 5. CompRange should be set such that the maximum through-fault current falls within this range. CompRange should be set to nearest value >/= √2* Maximum through-fault current.
Page 583 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 23 Security Section 23 Security 23.1 Authority status ATHSTAT SEMOD158575-1 v2 23.1.1 Application SEMOD158527-5 v3 Authority status (ATHSTAT) function is an indication function block, which informs about two events related to the IED and the user authorization: •...
Page 584 CHNGLCK input. If such a situation would occur in spite of these precautions, then please contact the local ABB representative for remedial action. 23.4 Denial of service SCHLCCH/RCHLCCH 23.4.1...
Page 585 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 23 Security The functions Access point diagnostics function block measure the IED load from communication and, if necessary, limit it for not jeopardizing the IEDs control and protection functionality due to high CPU load. The function has the following denial of service related outputs: •...
Page 587 • ProductionDate • IEDProdType Figure 279: IED summary This information is very helpful when interacting with ABB product support (for example during repair and maintenance). 24.2.2 Factory defined settings M11789-39 v11 The factory defined settings are very useful for identifying a specific version and very helpful in the case of maintenance, repair, interchanging IEDs between different Substation Automation Systems and upgrading.
Page 588 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions 2.1.0 • Describes the release number from the production. Example: • FirmwareVer • Describes the firmware version. • The firmware version can be checked from Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/ Product identifiers •...
Page 589 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions 24.4 Parameter setting groups IP1745-1 v1 24.4.1 Application M12007-6 v10 Six sets of settings are available to optimize IED operation for different power system conditions. By creating and switching between fine tuned setting sets, either from the local HMI or configurable binary inputs, results in a highly adaptable IED that can cope with a variety of power system scenarios.
Page 590 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions 24.5.3 Setting guidelines M15292-3 v2 Set the system rated frequency. Refer to section "Signal matrix for analog inputs SMAI" description on frequency tracking. 24.6 Summation block 3 phase 3PHSUM SEMOD55968-1 v2 24.6.1 Application SEMOD56004-4 v3...
Page 591 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions This is an advantage since all applicable functions in the IED use a single source of base values. This facilitates consistency throughout the IED and also facilitates a single point for updating values when necessary.
Page 592 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions 24.10 Signal matrix for mA inputs SMMI SEMOD55233-1 v2 24.10.1 Application SEMOD55237-5 v2 The Signal matrix for mA inputs function SMMI is used within the Application Configuration tool in direct relation with the Signal Matrix tool. SMMI represents the way milliamp (mA) inputs are brought in for one IED configuration.
Page 593 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions SMAI1 SPFCOUT BLOCK SAPTOF DFTSPFC G1AI3P U3P* TRIP SAPTOF(1)_TRIP UL1L2 START BLOCK REVROT G1AI1 BLKTRIP BLKDMAGN PHASEL1 G1AI2 FREQ ^GRP1L1 G1AI4 TRM_40.CH7(U) PHASEL2 ^GRP1L2 PHASEL3 ^GRP1L3 NEUTRAL ^GRP1N EC10000060-3-en.vsdx IEC10000060 V3 EN-US Figure 280: Connection example ConnectionType is The above described scenario does not work if SMAI setting...
Page 594 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions Application functions should be connected to a SMAI block with same task cycle as the application function, except for e.g. measurement functions that run in slow cycle tasks. DFTRefExtOut : Parameter valid only for function block SMAI1 . Reference block for external output (SPFCOUT function output).
Page 595 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions Task time group 1 SMAI instance 3 phase group SMAI1:1 SMAI2:2 DFTRefGrp7 SMAI3:3 SMAI4:4 SMAI5:5 SMAI6:6 SMAI7:7 SMAI8:8 SMAI9:9 SMAI10:10 SMAI11:11 SMAI12:12 Task time group 2 DFTRefGrp4 SMAI instance 3 phase group SMAI1:13 SMAI2:14 SMAI3:15...
Page 596 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions machine. Also, adaptive frequency tracking is needed in PMU application to be compliant to PMU standards. In other application the usual setting of the parameter DFTReference of SMAI InternalDFTRef . The user should use 0.9 ms task time for connection to PMU functions.
Page 597 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions DFTReference = ExternalDFTRef to use DFTSPFC input as reference SMAI1:25 – SMAI12:36: (SMAI7:7) For task time group 4 this gives the following settings: DFTReference = ExternalDFTRef to use DFTSPFC input as reference SMAI1:37 –...
Page 598 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions DFTReference = ExternalDFTRef to use DFTSPFC input as reference SMAI1:25 – SMAI12:36: (SMAI4:16) For task time group 4 this gives the following settings: DFTReference = ExternalDFTRef to use DFTSPFC input as reference SMAI1:37 –...
Page 599 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions DFTRefExtOut = DFTRefGrp6 to route SMAI6:42 reference to the SPFCOUT output, SMAI1:37: DFTReference = DFTRefGrp6 for SMAI1:37 to use SMAI6:42 as reference (see Figure 284) DFTReference = DFTRefGrp6 to use SMAI6:42 as reference. SMAI2:38 –...
Page 600 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions example the insertion of the test handle into the test switch with its auxiliary contact is connected to a BI on the IED and further inside the configuration to the input IED_TEST on the function block TESTMODE.
Page 601 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions other. With time synchronization, events and disturbances within the whole network, can be compared and evaluated. In the IED, the internal time can be synchronized from the following sources: • BIN (Binary Minute Pulse) •...
Page 602 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions 24.13.2.1 System time M11348-119 v6 The time is set with years, month, day, hour, minute, second and millisecond. 24.13.2.2 Synchronization M11348-143 v6 The setting parameters for the real-time clock with external time synchronization are set via local HMI or PCM600.
Page 603 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 24 Basic IED functions All protection functions will be blocked if the AppSynch parameter is set to Synch while there is no 9-2 synchronization source. For more information please refer to the "IEC/UCA 61850-9-2LE communication protocol" section. IEEE 1588 (PTP) GUID-424227EC-74A1-4628-8948-C1876840ABFE v3 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is enabled/disabled using the Ethernet configuration tool /ECT)
Page 604 Section 24 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Basic IED functions output that is used to synchronize merging units that are not PTP compliant. As a side effect, the GTM contains a GPS receiver and the REL acts as a backup of the GPS on the station bus. PTP parameter is “...
Page 605 So far remanence factors of maximum 80% have been considered when CT requirements have been decided for ABB IEDs. Even in the future this level of remanent flux probably will be the maximum level that will be considered when decided the CT requirements.
Page 606 HR type CTs, for which the formulas are given in this document, must be multiplied by factor two-and-a-half in order for VHR type CTs (i.e. with new material) to be used together with ABB protection IEDs. However, this may result in unacceptably big CT cores, which can be difficult to manufacture and fit in available space.
Page 607 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 25 Requirements have been considered at the tests. The current requirements below are thus applicable both for symmetrical and asymmetrical fault currents. Depending on the protection function phase-to-earth, phase-to-phase and three-phase faults have been tested for different relevant fault positions for example, close in forward and reverse faults, zone 1 reach faults, internal and external faults.
Page 608 CT (TPZ) is not well defined as far as the phase angle error is concerned. If no explicit recommendation is given for a specific function we therefore recommend contacting ABB to confirm that the non remanence type can be used.
Page 609 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 25 Requirements 25.1.6.2 Non-directional instantaneous and definitive time, phase and residual overcurrent protection M11622-3 v5 The CTs must have a rated equivalent limiting secondary e.m.f. E that is larger than or equal to the required rated equivalent limiting secondary e.m.f. E below: alreq æ...
Page 610 Section 25 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Requirements The secondary resistance of the CT (W) The resistance of the secondary cable and additional load (W). The loop resistance containing the phase and neutral wires, must be used for faults in solidly earthed systems. The resistance of a single secondary wire should be used for faults in high impedance earthed systems.
Page 611 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 25 Requirements e.m.f. of the CT comparable with E . By comparing this with the required rated equivalent limiting secondary e.m.f. E it is possible to judge if the CT fulfills the requirements. The alreq requirements according to some other standards are specified below.
Page 612 Section 25 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Requirements A CT according to ANSI/IEEE is also specified by the knee point voltage U that is kneeANSI graphically defined from an excitation curve. The knee point voltage U normally has a kneeANSI lower value than the knee-point e.m.f.
Page 613 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 25 Requirements • <10 according to the standard for data and voice transfer Bit Error Rate (BER) for high availability of the differential protection • <10 during normal operation • <10 during disturbed operation During disturbed conditions, the trip security function can cope with high bit error rates up to or even up to 10 .
Page 614 Section 25 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Requirements The standard does not define the sample rate for data, but in the UCA users group recommendations there are indicated sample rates that are adopted, by consensus, in the industry. There are two sample rates defined: 80 samples/cycle (4000 samples/sec. at 50Hz or 4800 samples/sec.
Page 615 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 26 Glossary Section 26 Glossary M14893-1 v19 Alternating current Actual channel Application configuration tool within PCM600 A/D converter Analog-to-digital converter ADBS Amplitude deadband supervision Analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization Analog input ANSI American National Standards Institute Autoreclosing ASCT...
Page 616 Section 26 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Glossary Communication Management tool in PCM600 CO cycle Close-open cycle Codirectional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twisted pairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions Command COMTRADE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange format for Disturbance recorder according to IEEE/ANSI C37.111, 1999 / IEC...
Page 617 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 26 Glossary Electromotive force Electromagnetic interference EnFP End fault protection Enhanced performance architecture Electrostatic discharge F-SMA Type of optical fiber connector Fault number FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards Flow control bit; Frame count bit FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data and protection signals...
Page 618 Section 26 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Glossary IEC 61850 Substation automation communication standard IEC 61850–8–1 Communication protocol standard IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twisted- pair or optical fiber cable IEEE P1386.1 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules.
Page 619 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 26 Glossary Main processing module MVAL Value of measurement Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed for use in trains. National Control Centre Number of grid faults Numerical module OCO cycle Open-close-open cycle Overcurrent protection Optical Ethernet module OLTC...
Page 620 Section 26 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Glossary Substation Automation Select-before-operate Switch or push button to close Short circuit location Station control system SCADA Supervision, control and data acquisition System configuration tool according to standard IEC 61850 Service data unit SELV circuit Safety Extra-Low Voltage circuit type according to IEC60255-27 Small form-factor pluggable (abbreviation)
Page 621 1MRK 511 401-UEN Rev. K Section 26 Glossary TPZ, TPY, TPX, TPS Current transformer class according to IEC Transformer Module. This module transforms currents and voltages taken from the process into levels suitable for further signal processing. Type identification User management tool Underreach A term used to describe how the relay behaves during a fault condition.
Page 624 ABB Power Grids Sweden AB Grid Automation Products SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden Phone +46 (0) 10 738 00 00 Scan this QR code to visit our website https://www.abb.com/protection-control © Copyright 2017 Hitachi Power Grids. All rights reserved.

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