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9.1 DISTANCE ELEMENTS
I_0 × Z
D
× Z
+ I_0 × K0 × Z
I
A
R
R
I
× Z
+ I_0 × K0 × Z
A
R
R
I
× Z
+ I_0 × K0 × Z
A
L
L
× Z
+ I_0 × K0 × Z
I
A
L
L
Overcurrent supervision: | 3 × I_0 | = 4.09 A > 3 A
•
•
Reactance difference angle = | –3.9° – 24.8° | = 28.7° < 75°
•
Zero-sequence difference angle = | –19.8° – 0.0° | = 19.8° < 75°
Negative-sequence directional difference angle = | –19.8° – 0.0° | = 19.8° < 75°
•
Right blinder difference angle = | –93.0° – (–109.2°) | = 16.2° < 90°
•
•
Left blinder difference angle = | 82.9° – 108.7° | = 25.8° < 90°
Fault-type comparator difference angle = | 19.8° – 19.8° | = 0.0° < 50°
•
All six comparators and the overcurrent supervision are satisfied.
The Quad Phase A ground element will operate for this fault.
9
9-10
= 1.37 V ∠19.8°
× K0M × Z
= 87.6 V ∠–109.2°
+ I
– V
G
R
A
= 91.5 V ∠–93.0°
+ I
× K0M × Z
– V
= 57.0 V ∠108.7°
G
L
A
= 45.8 V ∠82.9°
D30 Line Distance Protection System
9 THEORY OF OPERATION
GE Multilin
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