GE C70 Instruction Manual page 436

8.1 OVERVIEW
Note that under external fault conditions, sensitivity may be much different from the non-fault sensitivity.
d) RESTRAINT
Severe system voltage unbalance, such as can occur during near-by bolted ground faults, can exacerbate measurement
error, resulting in spurious operating signal. To prevent operation under these conditions, percent restraint supervision is
applied using a restraint signal that is the magnitude of the zero-sequence current
Typically few percent of slope is enough to ensure security of the function. The factor compensating for the inherent bank
unbalance zeroes out the operating signal under relatively balanced bank currents. If the said currents contain a significant
zero sequence component, the quality of compensation is lower, hence the need for the restraint, and this slope setting.
e) AUTO-SETTING
As a convenient alternative to manually determining the unbalance k-factor settings, the relay can automatically calculate
these settings from its own measurements while the capacitor is in-service, as described in the Commands chapter. The
technique the relay uses is to set the operate signal variable to zero in equation 8.54 and solve for the unbalance factor k
using the average of several successive measurements of the currents.
However, the assumption made here is that when the auto-set command is executed, the capacitor is in an acceptably bal-
anced state, wherein the operating signal ought to be zero. Following the auto-set command, the protection will be measur-
ing changes from the state that existed at the time the auto-set command executed.
f) APPLICATION TO UNGROUNDED CAPACITOR BANKS
The forgoing discussion of the neutral current balance protection applied to the ground configuration. When applied to
ungrounded configurations, all of the above applies, with the following exceptions:
• The phase voltages in equations 8.54 through 8.59 must have the neutral voltage V
voltages are eventually eliminated from the calculations, the outcome is unaffected.
• A low ratio CT can be used for ungrounded-wye configurations in place of a window type CT as there is no requirement
8
to form the difference of the primary neutral currents.
• Whereas with the grounded configuration I
results in the –C
A2
changes.
Equation 8.64 becomes:
Equation 8.65 becomes:
8-16

I pu
OP
I
OP
NTRL CUR PKP
Pickup
setting
Figure 8–7: NEUTRAL CURRENT UNBALANCE RESTRAINT
DIF
, –C , and –C terms disappearing from equations 8.58 through 8.65. This results in the following
B2 C2
2
a ˆ
k k k
= + +
1 A B
C
A1
-------------------------- -
=
C C
+
A1 A2
C70 Capacitor Bank Protection and Control System
I
rated
 --------------- -    
C pu
=
2I
base
NTRL CUR DPO
= I – I , with the ungrounded configuration I
N1 N2
a ˆ k
C
C C
2
a ˆ B1 a ˆ C1
-------------------------- - -------------------------- -
+ +
C C C C
+ +
B1 B2 C1 C2
8 THEORY OF OPERATION
(EQ 8.68)
I
0
834749A1.CDR
subtracted. However, as these
X
= I = –I . This
DIF N1 N2
(EQ 8.69)
GE Multilin
1