Cisco 4500M Software Manual page 35

Chapter 1 Product Overview
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RIP
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector, intradomain routing protocol. RIP works
well in small, homogeneous networks. In large, complex internetworks, it has many limitations, such as
a maximum hop count of 15, lack of support for variable-length subnet masks (VLSMs), inefficient use
of bandwidth, and slow convergence. RIP II does support VLSMs.
OSPF
The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a standards-based IP routing protocol designed to
overcome the limitations of RIP. Because OSPF is a link-state routing protocol, it sends link-state
advertisements (LSAs) to all other routers within the same hierarchical area. Information on the attached
interfaces and their metrics is used in OSPF LSAs. As routers accumulate link-state information, they
use the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm to calculate the shortest path to each node. Additional OSPF
features include equal-cost multipath routing and routing based on the upper-layer type of service (ToS)
requests.
OSPF employs the concept of an area, which is a group of contiguous OSPF networks and hosts. OSPF
areas are logical subdivisions of OSPF autonomous systems in which the internal topology is hidden
from routers outside the area. Areas allow an additional level of hierarchy different from that provided
by IP network classes, and they can be used to aggregate routing information and mask the details of a
network. These features make OSPF particularly scalable for large networks.
IS-IS
The Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System Protocol (IS-IS Protocol) uses a link-state routing
algorithm. It closely follows the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol used within the
TCP/IP environment. The operation of ISO IS-IS Protocol requires each router to maintain a full
topology map of the network (that is, which intermediate systems and end systems are connected to
which other intermediate systems and end systems). Periodically, the router runs an algorithm over its
map to calculate the shortest path to all possible destinations.
The IS-IS Protocol uses a two-level hierarchy. Intermediate Systems (or routers) are classified as Level
1 and Level 2. Level 1 intermediate systems deal with a single routing area. Traffic is relayed only within
that area. Any other internetwork traffic is sent to the nearest Level 2 intermediate systems, which also
acts as a Level 1 intermediate systems. Level 2 intermediate systems move traffic between different
routing areas within the same domain.
An IS-IS with multi-area support allows multiple Level 1 areas within in a single intermediate system,
thus allowing an intermediate system to be in multiple areas. A single Level 2 area is used as backbone
for inter-area traffic.
Only Ethernet frames are supported. The IS-IS Protocol does not support IPX.
OL-6696-01
IGRP
EIGRP
BGP
Software Configuration Guide—Release 12.2(25)EW
Layer 3 Software Features
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