Stp Interface States - Cisco Catalyst 2950 Software Manual

Chapter 9 Configuring STP
Figure 9-1
DP
RP = Root Port
DP = Designated Port
When the spanning-tree topology is calculated based on default parameters, the path between source and
destination end stations in a switched network might not be ideal. For instance, connecting higher-speed
links to an interface that has a higher number than the current root port can cause a root-port change.
The goal is to make the fastest link the root port.
For example, assume that one port on Switch B is a Gigabit Ethernet link and that another port on
Switch B (a 10/100 link) is the root port. Network traffic might be more efficient over the Gigabit
Ethernet link. By changing the STP port priority on the Gigabit Ethernet interface to a higher priority
(lower numerical value) than the root port, the Gigabit Ethernet interface becomes the new root port.

STP Interface States

Propagation delays can occur when protocol information passes through a switched LAN. As a result,
topology changes can take place at different times and at different places in a switched network. When
a interface transitions directly from nonparticipation in the spanning-tree topology to the forwarding
state, it can create temporary data loops. Interfaces must wait for new topology information to propagate
through the switched LAN before starting to forward frames. They must allow the frame lifetime to
expire for forwarded frames that have used the old topology.
Each interface on a switch using STP exists in one of these states:
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•
•
•
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An interface moves through these states:
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•
•
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78-11380-03
STP Topology
DP
DP
A
RP DP
DP
RP DP
RP
B C
Blocking—The interface does not participate in frame forwarding.
Listening—The first transitional state after the blocking state when STP determines that the
interface should participate in frame forwarding.
Learning—The interface prepares to participate in frame forwarding.
Forwarding—The interface forwards frames.
Disabled—The interface is not participating in STP because of a shutdown port, no link on the port,
or no spanning-tree instance running on the port.
From initialization to blocking
From blocking to listening or to disabled
From listening to learning or to disabled
From learning to forwarding or to disabled
From forwarding to disabled
D
DP
Catalyst 2950 Desktop Switch Software Configuration Guide
Understanding Basic STP Features
9-5