Mitsubishi Electric NX-W Installation And Operating Manual page 335

UM_NX-W_00_05_19_ML
‫ﺟﺯء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
0.05 >
‫ﺟﺯء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
10 >
‫ﺟﺯء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﺎﺭ‬
50 >
‫ﺟﺯء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
0.1 >
‫ﺟﺯء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
0.5 >
‫ﺟﺯء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‬
0.5 >
‫ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ‬
1
‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ‬
5
.‫ﺗﺷﻛﻝ ﺧﻁﺭ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻟﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺗﺄﻛﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ‬ ‫ﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻁﺎﻝ ﺧﻁﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺿﺦ ﻭﻣﺑﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ. ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﻣﻥ ﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺓ ﻟﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺳﻭﺭﺓ ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ. ﻳﺟﺏ ﺿﺑﻁ ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺿﻣﻥ ﺣﺩﺍ ﺃﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫% ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ )ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻱ. ﻭﻻ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺋﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻭﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺣﺩﺙ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺿﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺟﻭ‬
‫٪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ. ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺳﺑﺏ، ﻳ ُ ﻧﺻﺢ ﺑﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﻣﺿﺧﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣﺑ ﺧ ّ ِ ﺭ ﻣﻧﻔﺭﺩ ﻣﻊ‬
.‫ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻣﺻﻣﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺷﺑﻛﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﻟﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺋﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺯﻉ‬
.‫ﺳﺗﻌﺩﺓ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺩﺍﺋﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺑﺩء ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ‬
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC HYDRONICS & IT COOLING SYSTEM S.p.A.
2 +
Mn
CO
2
S H
2
O
2
Cl
2
NH
3
- /
2
SO HCO
3 -
4
‫ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫( ﺗﺷﻛﻝ ﺧﻁﺭ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻟﺣﺩﻭﺙ ﺗﺭﺳﺑﺎﺕ، ﺑﻳﻧﻣﺎ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬
7 pH
.(‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺋﻭﻳﺔ ) ﻋ ُ ﺳﺭ ﻣﺅﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺋﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ‬
100
.‫ﺟﺯء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ. ﻗﻳﻡ ﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‬
.‫ﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺧﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ ﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ ﺑﺩء ﻣﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﻔﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺍﻷﻗﻝ ﻧﺑﻼ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﺳﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻭﺍﺋﻊ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ )ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻹﺛﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻭﺑﻳﻠﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﻳﻛﻭﻝ(، ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺳﻭﺍﺋﻝ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺛﺑﻁﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗ‬
.‫ﻭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺟﺩﺍ، ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺃﻭﺳﺎﺥ ﻭ/ﺃﻭ ﻣﻭﺍﺋﻊ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ، ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺳﻳﻁ ﻗﺑﻝ ﻣﻧﻅﻭﻣﺔ ﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
.‫ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﻭﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ، ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﺡ ﺑﺩﺧﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﻣﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺿﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺻﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﻟﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺣﺩﺓ‬
:(
‫ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﻟﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﺗﺯﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻭﺿﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺣﺔ )ﺍﻧﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬
A1 1
‫ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻧﺔ ﺑﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﺑﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺭﺩ. ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﺗﻛﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻣﺔ ﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ، ﺃﺿﺑﻁ ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
70
‫ﺻﻣﺎﻡ ﺧﻠﻁ ﺑﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻧﺎﻓﺫ، ﻳ ُ ﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺑﺩء ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﻭﺩﺓ/ﺍﻟﺳﺧﻭﻧﺔ‬
.(‫ﻣﻠﻡ ﺗﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ )ﺣﺩ ﺃﻗﺻﻰ ﻣﺗﺭﻳﻥ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ )ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ، ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻷﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ‬
10
.‫ﺗﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻣﻣﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻛﺎﺳﻳﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺳﻳﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺑﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺑﺭﺗﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻛﺳﺟﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺷﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻳﺗﺎﺕ‬
1°Fr= 10 gr CaCO
‫= ﺟﺯء ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﺎﺭ‬
‫)ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯ ﻷﻳﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﻳﻥ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ‬
pH 9
‫ﻳﻘﻳﺱ ﻋ ُ ﺳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻛﺭﺑﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﺳﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺳﻳﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫ‬
.‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯ ﻷﻳﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﺩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣ ﺷ ُ ﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ ﺗﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‬
.‫ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺃﻳﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻐﻧﺳﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺳﺟﻳﻥ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‬
.‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺑﻭﻥ ﻭﻛﺑﺭﺗﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﺟﻳﻥ ﻫﻰ ﺷﻭﺍﺋﺏ ﺗﻌﺯﺯ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺭ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ‬
0,3 0,2
.‫ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎﺩﺭ ﻳﻌﺯﺯ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺃﻛﺳﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻛﺳﺟﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻫﻭﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﻟﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻠﻲ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺳﺑﺏ ﺧﻠﻝ ﻭﺃﻳﺿﺎ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻳﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ‬
.(‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
.‫ﺎﺕ ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗ ُ ﺭﻛﺏ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻟﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ‬
.‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ( ﺗ ُ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﻓﻘﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺡ ﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﻳﺭﻛﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺧﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺓ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺟﺯء ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻁﻭﻟﻪ‬
7
‫ﻓﻠﺗﺭ ﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻲ ﺫﻭ ﻓﺗﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﺭﺷﻳﺢ ﻻ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻋﻥ‬
1
.‫ﻣﺣﺑﺱ ﺗﺻﺭﻳﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ُ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﻧﻰ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﻟﻳﻛﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬
A1
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﺳﻥ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﻣﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺳﻳﻁ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﺗﺳﺎﺥ ﻭﺗﺂﻛﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ .‫ﺗﻣﺛﻝ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺷﺭﻁ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺳﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ‬
MEHITS
335
AR
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
‫ﻣﻊ‬
/ m 3 1/1.78 °D=1 °Fr
3
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ ؛‬ ‫= ﺟﺯء‬
ppb ppm
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ ﺗﻭﺿﻳﺣﻳﺔ‬
.‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻋﺳﺭ ﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺗﻌﻧﻲ ﺗﺭﺳﺑﺎﺕ‬
- 4
‫ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻡ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻧﺔ ﻳﻛﻭ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‬
‫ﻳﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﻣﺩﺧﻝ ﻭﻣﺧﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﺑﺧﻳﺭ/ ﻣﺳﺗﺭﺟﻊ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
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‫ﻣﻘﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﺿﻐﻁ ﺫﻱ ﻧﻁﺎﻕ ﻣﻼﺋﻡ )ﺩﺍﺧﻝ‬
.‫ﻣﺣﺑﺳﺎﻥ ﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﻘﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ‬
‫ﺻﻣﺎﻣ‬
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‫ﻭﺻﻠﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﺧﻣﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻫﺗﺯﺍﺯ )ﺩﺍﺧﻝ‬
.(‫ﺍﻹﺣﻣﺎء‬
.‫ﺻﻣﺎﻡ ﺿﺑﻁ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺧﺭﺝ‬
.(‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ - ‫ﺻﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﻁﻊ )ﺩﺍﺧﻝ‬
‫ﺻﻣﺎﻡ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﺑﻣﻧ ﻔ َ ﺫﻳﻥ، ﺃﻭ‬
.‫ﺔ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺿﺧ‬
‫ﺧﺯﺍﻥ ﺗﻭ ﺳ ﱡﻊ‬
‫ﺻﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ‬
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‫ﺳﺎﺋﺭ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﻣﺑﻳﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬
1
.‫ﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺗﺩﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻝ‬
.‫ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭ‬
R Q
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣ‬
:‫ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
1 :
‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
2 :
‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
3 :
‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
- 5 : 8
6 : -
‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
7
9 :
‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
: ‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
10
:
‫ﻣﺭﺟﻊ‬
11
6.1
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‫ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺭﺟﻣﺔ‬