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LeCroy WaveMaster 8600A Operator's Manual

LeCroy WaveMaster 8600A Operator's Manual

X-stream oscilloscopes

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C

E

ROY

X-S

TREAM

O

SCILLOSCOPES

O P E R A T O R ' S M A N U A L

S

2006

E P T E M B E R

Table of Contents

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Summary of Contents for LeCroy WaveMaster 8600A

Page 1 TREAM SCILLOSCOPES O P E R A T O R ’ S M A N U A L 2006 E P T E M B E R...
Page 2 © 2006 by LeCroy Corporation. All rights reserved. LeCroy, ActiveDSO, WaveLink, JitterTrack, WavePro, WaveMaster, WaveSurfer, WaveExpert, WaveJet, and Waverunner are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation. Other product or brand names are trademarks or requested trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Returning a Product for Service or Repair..............18 Technical Support......................18 Staying Up-to-Date ...................... 18 Windows License Agreement ..................19 End-user License Agreement For LeCroy® X-Stream Software ......... 19 Virus Protection ......................25 Warranty ........................25 Specifications....................... 26 Vertical System ........................26 Max Input Voltage ......................
Page 4 Certifications ........................... 36 CE Declaration of Conformity ....................36 Warranty ........................38 Windows License Agreement ..................38 End-User License Agreement For LeCroy X-Stream Software ........38 Virus Protection ......................44 SAFETY ......................45 Safety Requirements ....................45 Safety Symbols ........................45 Operating Environment ....................
Page 5 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Analysis........................... 53 Special Features Buttons:...................... 53 General Control Buttons: ....................... 54 STANDBY Lamp: ........................54 On-screen Toolbars, Icons, and Dialog Boxes ............55 Menu Bar Buttons ........................55 Dialog Boxes........................ 57 Alternate Access Methods ................... 57 Mouse and Keyboard Operation..................... 57 Tool Bar Buttons ........................
Page 6 CONNECTING TO A SIGNAL................81 ProLink Interface ......................81 Connecting the Adapters ......................82 ProBus Interface......................82 AP-1M Hi-Z Adapter ....................83 Auxiliary Output Signals ....................83 To Set Up Auxiliary Output ..................... 84 SAMPLING MODES...................85 To Select a Sampling Mode....................85 Single-shot sampling mode ..................
Page 7 X-Stream Operator’s Manual To Enable Variable Gain......................94 Channel Deskew......................94 To Set Up Channel Deskew ....................94 TIMEBASE AND ACQUISITION SYSTEM............95 Timebase Setup and Control ..................95 Autosetup ........................95 Dual Channel Acquisition..................... 95 Combining of Channels......................95 SDA 11000 DBI Controls ..................... 96 SMART Memory ......................
Page 8 Persistence Setup ..................... 121 Saturation Level ........................121 3-Dimensional Persistence ....................122 Show Last Trace ........................123 Persistence Time ........................124 Locking of Traces........................124 To Set Up Persistence ....................124 Screen Saver......................125 Moving Traces from Grid to Grid ................125 To Move a Channel or Math Trace ..................
Page 9 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Managing Files ......................137 Hard Disk Partitions ......................137 100BASE-T ETHERNET CONNECTION............138 Connecting to a Network ................... 138 Communicating over the Network................138 Windows Setups ........................138 System Restore ........................139 TRACK VIEWS ....................140 Creating and Viewing a Trend ................... 140 Creating a Track View ....................
Page 10 To Apply a Measure Mode ..................169 Measure Modes......................169 Standard Vertical Parameters....................169 Standard Horizontal Parameters ..................170 My Measure .......................... 170 Parameter Math (XMath or XMAP option required)........... 170 Logarithmic Parameters......................170 Excluded Parameters......................171 Parameter Script Parameter Math ..................171 Param Script vs.
Page 11 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Rescaling and Assigning Units .................. 216 To Set Up Rescaling ......................216 Averaging Waveforms ....................216 Summed vs. Continuous Averaging ..................216 To Set Up Continuous Averaging ..................218 To Set Up Summed Averaging ..................... 218 Enhanced Resolution....................218 How the Instrument Enhances Resolution................
Page 12 Setting Up Pass/Fail Testing ..................241 Initial Setup ........................... 241 Comparing a Single Parameter..................... 242 Comparing Dual Parameters ....................243 Mask Testing......................... 244 UTILITIES ......................246 Status ........................246 To Access Status Dialog....................... 246 Remote communication..................... 246 To Set Up Remote Communication..................246 To Configure the Remote Control Assistant Event Log............
Page 13 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Solutions ..........................254 Examples ..........................255 What is Excel? ........................260 What is Mathcad? ......................... 260 What is MATLAB?......................... 260 What is VBS?........................260 What can you do with a customized instrument? ..............262 Number of Samples ....................263 Calling Excel From Your Instrument ................
Page 14 IF . . . Then . . . Else . . . End If ..................... 293 Summary of If ..Then ..Else ..................295 Select Case........................... 295 Summary of Select Case ..End Select................296 Do .
Page 15 X-Stream Operator’s Manual CustomDSO Basic Mode ...................... 324 Editing a CustomDSO Setup File ..................324 Creating a CustomDSO Setup File..................326 CustomDSO PlugIn Mode ....................326 Creating a CustomDSO PlugIn..................... 326 Properties of the Control and its Objects ................328 Removing a PlugIn........................
Page 16 Obstacles that Can Be Overcome Using the DDA’s Channel Analysis........ 349 What Channel Analysis Provides..................350 Channel Emulation........................ 350 With or Without Reference....................351 Stop On SAM ........................352 Analog Compare ........................352 Measure’s Drive Parameters ....................354 Setting Up Channel Emulation .................. 354 Drive Analysis Setup......................
Page 17 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Notes on Using Channel Emulation without Reference............374 Channel Emulation with Reference ................375 Notes on Using Channel Emulation with Reference............. 377 Using Analog Compare....................378 Notes on Using Head/Analog Compare................379 Local Feature Concepts..................... 380 Overview ..........................380 Peak-Trough Identification....................
Page 18 BLANK PAGE WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 19: Introduction
Index displays an alphabetical listing of keywords. Search locates every occurrence of the keyword that you enter. www.LeCroy.com connects you to LeCroy's Web site where you can find Lab Briefs, Application Notes, and other useful information. This feature requires that the instrument be connected to the internet through the Ethernet port on the scope's rear panel.
Page 20: Windows Help
Windows task bar at the bottom of the screen and selecting Help. Returning a Product for Service or Repair If you need to return a LeCroy product, identify it by its model and serial numbers. Describe the defect or failure, and give us your name and telephone number.
Page 21: Windows License Agreement
Software Product as provided or installed, in object code form, for your own internal business purposes, (i) for use in or with an instrument provided or manufactured by LeCroy (an “Instrument”), (ii) for testing your software product(s) (to be used solely by you) that are designed to operate in conjunction with an Instrument (“Your Software”), and (iii) make one copy for archival and back-up...
Page 22 License will not take effect, and you will have no right to use or access the Software Product unless you are properly licensed to use a product identified by LeCroy as being eligible for the upgrade (“Underlying Product”). A Software Product labeled as an “upgrade” replaces and/or supplements the Underlying Product.
Page 23 Objective; (C) the information to be gained thereby has not already been made readily available to you or has not been provided by LeCroy within a reasonable time after a written request by you to LeCroy to provide such information; (D) the information gained is not used for any purpose other than the Permitted Objective and is not disclosed to any other person except as may be necessary to achieve the Permitted Objective;...
Page 24 Product, all benchmark and performance test results and all Documentation) and other proprietary information of LeCroy; and any business, marketing or technical information disclosed by LeCroy, or its representatives, or you in relation to this EULA, and either (i) disclosed in writing and marked as confidential at the time of disclosure or (ii) disclosed in any other manner such that a reasonable person would understand the nature and confidentiality of the information.
Page 25 It is your responsibility to comply with the latest United States export regulations, and you will defend and indemnify LeCroy from and against any damages, fines, penalties, assessments, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable...
Page 26 LeCroy, its agents, or employees, but only by an instrument in writing signed by an authorized officer of LeCroy. No waiver by LeCroy of any breach or default of any provision of this EULA by you will be effective as to any other breach or default, whether of the same or any other provision and whether occurring prior to, concurrent with, or subsequent to the date of such waiver.
Page 27: Virus Protection
LeCroy shall not be responsible for any defect, damage, or failure caused by any of the following: a) attempted repairs or installations by personnel other than LeCroy representatives, or b) improper connection to incompatible equipment or c) for any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-LeCroy supplies.
Page 28: Specifications
Derates 50 MHz/ºC @ T>30 ºC ‡ Derates 20 MHz/ºC @ T>30 ºC Input Channels: 4 Rise Time (typical): WaveMaster 8600A & 8620A 75 ps (at sample speed >/= 20 GS/s) WaveMaster 8500A 90 ps DDA-5005A WaveMaster 8400A, 8420 115 ps...
Page 29: Max Input Voltage
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Bandwidth Limiters: • Full • 4 GHz (WaveMaster 8600A, 8500A, DDA-5005A) • 3 GHz (WaveMaster 8600A, 8500A, 8400A, 8420, DDA-5005A) • 1 GHz (WaveMaster scopes, DDA-5005A) • 200 MHz • 20 MHz Input Impedance: 50 ohms +/-2%; WavePro 7000A Series: 50 ohms +/-1.5%, 1 Mohms Input Coupling: DC, GND;...
Page 30: Acquisition System
Clock Accuracy: </= 1 ppm at 0 to 50 °C (WavePro 7000A Series, DDA-3000A: </= 10 ppm at 0 to 40 °C) Interpolator Resolution: 1.2 ps External Timebase Clock: 100 MHz, 50 ohms impedance, applied at the rear input (10 MHz, 50 ohms for WavePro 7000A Series) External Sample Clock: 30 MHz to 2 GHz max., 50 ohms impedance, applied at the Auxiliary input (WavePro 7100A, DDA-3000A: 30 MHz to 1 GHz)
Page 31: Acquisition Modes
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Disk Drive Analyzers: Maximum Acquisition Points/Ch 4 Ch/2 Ch DDA 3000 50 Mpts/100 Mpts DDA 5005A 24 Mpts/50 Mpts DDA 5005A XXL 50 Mpts/100 Mpts Acquisition Modes Single-shot: For transient and repetitive signals: 20 ps/div to 10 s/div Sequence: 2 to 20,000 segments (number of segments depends upon memory option) Number of Segments Standard...
Page 32: Basic Triggers
WM 8600A 5 GHz with Edge Trigger, 750 MHz with SMART Trigger WM 8500/8500A 5 GHz with Edge Trigger, 750 MHz with SMART Trigger DDA-5005/DDA-5005A WM 8400A/8420 4 GHz with Edge Trigger, 750 MHz with SMART Trigger DDA-3000A 3 GHz with Edge Trigger, 750 MHz with SMART Trigger WP 7300A 3 GHz w/Edge Trigger, 750 MHz with SMART Trigger WP 7200A...
Page 33: Color Waveform Display
X-Stream Operator’s Manual compatible probes; supports ProLink-SMA and ProLink-BNC adapters (ProLink is not available for WavePro 7000A series) Scale Factors: Automatically or manually selected depending on probe used AP-1M Hi-Z Adapter: (not available for WavePro 7000A series) Bandwidth: 500 MHz; full-scale range: +/-8 V;...
Page 34: Interface
Interface Remote Control: Through Windows Automation or LeCroy Remote Command set, supports front panel controls and internal functions via GPIB or Ethernet. GPIB Port (optional): Supports IEEE-488.2 Ethernet Port: 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface USB Ports: 4 USB ports support Windows compatible devices.
Page 35: Measure Tools (Standard)
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Measure Tools (standard) Display any 8 parameters together with statistics, including their average, high, low, and standard deviations. Histicons provide a fast, dynamic view of parameters and wave shape characteristics. amplitude number of points area overshoot+ base overshoot- cycles peak-to-peak...
Page 36: Master Analysis Package (Xmap)
Master Analysis Package (XMAP) This package provides a comprehensive set of signal WaveShape Analysis tools that provide insight into the wave shape of complex signals. Additional analysis capability provided by XMAP includes: Jitter and Timing Analysis package (JTA2) 8 math traces total (4 additional) Parameter Math: add, subtract, multiply, or divide two different parameter measurements User-definable parameter measurements and math functions, using VBScripting with MS Excel and MATLAB...
Page 37: General
</= 800 watts (800 VA) depending on WaveMaster 8620A, 8420 accessories installed (internal printer, probes, PC port plug-ins, etc.) WaveMaster 8600A, 8500A, 8400A, </= 650 watts (650 VA) depending on WavePro 7000A Series accessories installed (internal printer, probes, PC port plug-ins, etc.)
Page 38: Warranty And Service
Warranty and Service 3-year warranty; calibration recommended yearly Optional service programs include extended warranty, upgrades, and calibration services. Environmental Characteristics Temperature Operating: 5 to 40 °C Storage (non-operating): -20 to +60 °C Humidity Operating: Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31 °C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40 °C Storage (non-operating): 5 to 95% RH (non-condensing) as tested per MIL-PRF-28800F Altitude...
Page 39 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Warning This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take appropriate measures. Electromagnetic Immunity: EN 61000-4-2/A2:2001* Electrostatic Discharge (4 kV contact, 8 kV air, 4 kV vertical/horizontal coupling planes) EN 61000-4-3/A1:2003* RF Radiated Electromagnetic Field (3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz) EN 61000-4-5/A1:2001* Electrical Fast Transient/Burst...
Page 40: Warranty
LeCroy shall not be responsible for any defect, damage, or failure caused by any of the following: a) attempted repairs or installations by personnel other than LeCroy representatives or b) improper connection to incompatible equipment, or c) for any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-LeCroy supplies.
Page 41 License will not take effect, and you will have no right to use or access the Software Product unless you are properly licensed to use a product identified by LeCroy as being eligible for the upgrade (“Underlying Product”). A Software Product labeled as an “upgrade” replaces and/or supplements the Underlying Product.
Page 42 Objective; (C) the information to be gained thereby has not already been made readily available to you or has not been provided by LeCroy within a reasonable time after a written request by you to LeCroy to provide such information; (D) the information gained is not used for any purpose other than the Permitted Objective and is not disclosed to any other person except as may be necessary to achieve the Permitted Objective;...
Page 43 “applets” embodied in or incorporated into the Software Product, collectively, “Content”), and all Derivatives, and any copies thereof are owned by LeCroy and/or its licensors or third-party suppliers, and is protected by applicable copyright or other intellectual property laws and treaties.
Page 44 It is your responsibility to comply with the latest United States export regulations, and you will defend and indemnify LeCroy from and against any damages, fines, penalties, assessments, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable...
Page 45 SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH LECROY, LECROY’S ENTIRE LIABILITY REGARDING SUPPORT SERVICES WILL BE GOVERNED BY THE TERMS OF THAT AGREEMENT. LECROY SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, NOR FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,...
Page 46: Virus Protection
LeCroy, its agents, or employees, but only by an instrument in writing signed by an authorized officer of LeCroy. No waiver by LeCroy of any breach or default of any provision of this EULA by you will be effective as to any other breach or default, whether of the same or any other provision and whether occurring prior to, concurrent with, or subsequent to the date of such waiver.
Page 47: Safety
X-Stream Operator’s Manual SAFETY Safety Requirements This section contains information and warnings that must be observed to keep the instrument operating in a correct and safe condition. You are required to follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the safety precautions specified in this section. Safety Symbols Where the following symbols appear on the instrument’s front or rear panels, or in this manual, they alert you to important safety considerations.
Page 48: Operating Environment
WARNING The WARNING sign indicates a potential hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice or condition which, if not followed, could possibly cause bodily injury or death. If a WARNING is indicated, do not proceed until its conditions are fully understood and met.
Page 49: Cooling
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Installation (Overvoltage) Category II refers to local Note distribution level, which is applicable to equipment The design of the instrument has been verified to connected to the mains supply (AC power source). conform to EN 61010-1 safety standard per the following Installation (Overvoltage) Category I refers to signal limits: level, which is applicable to equipment measuring...
Page 50: Power And Ground Connections
WaveMaster 8600A, 8500A, </= 650 watts (650 VA) 8400A, depending on accessories installed (internal printer, WavePro 7000A Series probes, PC port plug-ins, etc.) DDA-5005A, 3000A The power supply of the scope is protected against short circuit and overload by a 5x20 mm fuse (T10.0 A/250 V).
Page 51: Fuse Replacement
X-Stream Operator’s Manual The scope’s factory settings result in only two basic scope states: On (LED Green) or Standby (LED Off). In this case of Standby (LED Off), the scope is powered off with the exception of some “housekeeping” circuitry (approximately 12 watts dissipation). The scope can only be placed in a complete power off state by unplugging the instrument’s power cord from the primary power source (AC outlet).
Page 52: Abnormal Conditions
Abnormal Conditions Operate the instrument only as intended by the manufacturer. WARNING If you suspect the scope’s protection has been impaired, disconnect the power cord and secure the instrument Any use of the scope in a manner not against any unintended operation. specified by the manufacturer may impair the instrument’s safety The scope’s protection is likely to be impaired if, for...
Page 53: Basic Controls
X-Stream Operator’s Manual BASIC CONTROLS Front Panel Controls The control buttons of the instrument's front panel are logically grouped into analog and special functional areas. Analog functions are included in the Horizontal, Trigger, and Vertical groups of control buttons and knobs. Sometimes you may want to change a value without using the numeric keypad.
Page 54: Trigger Knobs
Delay adjusts the pre- and post-trigger time. Time/Division Sets the time/division of the scope timebase (acquisition system). LeCroy's SMART Memory feature automatically optimizes the memory and sample rate for maximum resolution. Horizontal Buttons: Smart Memory Calls up the SMART Memory dialog from the Horizontal setup menus.
Page 55: Channel Buttons
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Volts/Div Adjusts the Volts/Division setting (vertical gain) of the channel selected. Channel Buttons: 1, 2, 3, 4 Turns a channel on or off. These buttons activate the dialog that lets you change the channel's setup conditions including coupling, gain, and offset.
Page 56: General Control Buttons
Help Displays the on-line Help manual. You can choose to receive control help, or to search for the information you need using the Table of Contents and Index. Control Help displays help for a particular button, menu item, data field, etc. contained in the dialogs. Save/Recall Calls up the dialogs for saving and recalling waveforms and setups, and for disk utilities.
Page 57: On-Screen Toolbars, Icons, And Dialog Boxes
X-Stream Operator’s Manual On-screen Toolbars, Icons, and Dialog Boxes Menu Bar Buttons The menu bar buttons at the top of the scope's display are designed for quick setup of common functions. At the right end of the menu bar is a quick setup button that, when touched, opens the setup dialog associated with the trace or parameter named beside it.
Page 58 (icon in Channels dialog (zooms all displayed traces) zooms one trace) (then Math Setup...) (then Measure Setup...) (then Utilities Setup...) WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 59: Dialog Boxes
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Dialog Boxes The dialog area occupies the bottom one-third of the screen. To expand the signal display area, you can minimize each dialog box by touching the Close tab at the right of the dialog box. Alternate Access Methods The instrument often gives you more than one way to access dialogs and menus.
Page 60: Trace Descriptors
depends on the software options loaded on your scope. See specifications.]) to display the functions named in the buttons: . By using these buttons you can remain in the Measure dialog to set up other options. Trace Descriptors Vertical and horizontal trace descriptors (labels) are displayed below the grid. They provide a summary of your channel, timebase, and trigger settings.
Page 61: Trace Annotation
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Trace Annotation The instrument gives you the ability to add an identifying label, bearing your own text, to a waveform display: For each waveform, you can create multiple labels and turn them all on or all off. Also, you can position them on the waveform by dragging or by specifying an exact horizontal position.
Page 62: Screen Layout
Note 1: If the dialog for the trace you want to annotate is currently displayed, you can touch the label button the bottom to display the Trace Annotation setup dialog. Note 2: You may place a label anywhere you want on the waveform. Labels are numbered sequentially according to the order in which they are added, and not according to their placement on the waveform.
Page 63: Menu Bar
X-Stream Operator’s Manual dialog area Menu Bar The top of the screen contains a toolbar of commonly used functions. Whenever you touch one of these buttons, the dialog area at the bottom of the screen switches to show the setup for that function.
Page 64 (icon in (zooms all displayed traces) Channels dialog zooms one trace) WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 65 X-Stream Operator’s Manual (then Math Setup...) (then Measure Setup...) (then Utilities Setup...) WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 66: Installation
INSTALLATION Hardware Instrument Rear Panel (1) Mouse; (2) Keyboard; (3) USB Port; (4) USB Port; (5) Centronics Port; (6) External VGA Monitor; (7) RS-232-C Port; (8) Ethernet Port; (9) USB Port; (10) USB Port; (11) Line In; (12) Speakers; (13) Microphone; (14) Ground Connector;...
Page 67: Loading Software Upgrades
2. Touch the Start taskbar button and, per usual Windows® operation, open Windows Explorer. Loading Software Upgrades You can download software upgrades from the LeCroy Web site at www.lecroy.com. Follow the on-screen instructions to download the software. Click the Release Notes link to learn about new features and fixes.
Page 68: Ddascopes
3. Then touch the on-screen Recall Default button: Adding a New Option To add a software option you need a key code to enable the option. Call LeCroy Customer Support to place an order and receive the code. To add the software option do the following: 1.
Page 69 X-Stream Operator’s Manual The full array of installed software and hardware options is displayed on the left side of the dialog: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 70: Restoring Software
D: partition will not be affected by the recovery process. LeCroy has provided a recovery application, along with a backup image, in an extra partition on the instrument’s hard drive. The recovery process is easy to perform, using the instructions provided below.
Page 71 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 4. As soon as the LeCroy logo appears on the screen, press and hold down the F4 key until the recovery software logo appears momentarily: 5. Then the cME console End User License Agreement is displayed. Read the agreement,...
Page 72 6. The Phoenix cME Console main page is displayed. Click Click here to start recover: 7. The FirstWare Recover splash screen is displayed momentarily: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 73 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 8. The recovery starts, and the FirstWare Progress screen is displayed. No further selections are required. The recovery takes about 10 minutes. Note: The screen will blank on occasion for prolonged periods. This is normal and is not an indication of any malfunctioning of the recovery process.
Page 74: Windows Activation
scope. Windows Activation 1. Click Start in the task bar, then select All Programs Activate Windows. Note: After Windows Activation is completed, this selection will no longer appear in the All Programs menu. 2. Select an activation method: internet or phone. Then click Next. 3.
Page 75 X-Stream Operator’s Manual the screen; then a 7-part number will be provided to you to enter in the empty boxes at the bottom of the screen. Click Next when you are done. 5. When activation is completed, an acknowledgement screen will appear. Click OK. 6.
Page 76: Restarting The Application
Restarting the Application Upon initial power-up, the scope will load the instrument application software automatically. If you exit the application and want to reload it, touch the shortcut icon on the desktop: If you minimize the application, touch the appropriate task bar or desktop button to maximize it: Restarting the Operating System If you need to restart the Windows®...
Page 77: Removable Hard Drive
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Removable Hard Drive The removable hard drive option replaces the standard internal hard drive with a removable hard drive that is installed at the rear of the scope, in the slot normally occupied by the CDROM drive. The kit includes two hard drives, which can be used interchangeably.
Page 78: External Monitor
Protective Cover External Monitor If your X-Stream scope's processor runs at greater than 1 GHz, the external monitor must be configured manually. You can find out your processor's speed by touching Utilities in the menu bar, then touching the Status tab of the "Utilities" dialog. If the speed is greater than 1 GHz, proceed as follows: 1.
Page 79: Writable Cd Drive Option
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 5. Touch Enable External Monitor. 6. Touch inside the Brightness field and adjust brightness as necessary. Writable CD Drive option If your scope is equipped with this option, follow these setup instructions to install the software. Note: Install the software only in scopes that have CD drive model SM-CD-W224EA installed. 1.
Page 80 4. Select a language: 5. Click Next when the Wizard appears: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 81 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 6. Select Complete setup: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 82 7. Click Install: 8. When installation is completed, the scope will need to be rebooted. The install Wizard places a shortcut icon on the desktop. Note: If in the future it is necessary to run recovery software, this Easy CD Creator 5 Basic installation software will need to be reinstalled also.
Page 83: Connecting To A Signal
X-Stream Operator’s Manual CONNECTING TO A SIGNAL ProLink Interface LeCroy's ProLink Adapters (LPA) give you the ability to connect your signal in one of three ways: • BMA connector • SMA using the BMA-to-SMA adapter • BNC using BMA-to-BNC adapter (1) BMA-to-SMA Adapter;...
Page 84: Connecting The Adapters
ProBus Interface LeCroy's ProBus® probe system provides a complete measurement solution from probe tip to oscilloscope display. ProBus allows you to control transparent gain and offset directly from your front panel. It is particularly useful for voltage, differential, and current active probes. It uploads gain and offset correction factors from the ProBus EPROMs and automatically compensates to achieve fully calibrated measurements.
Page 85: Ap-1M Hi-Z Adapter
X-Stream Operator’s Manual AP-1M Hi-Z Adapter The AP-1M adapter provides a means to connect a high-impedance input to your instrument. In order to achieve high bandwidth with excellent signal integrity, these instruments have a +/-4 V dynamic range and 50 termination to ground. However, for applications that combine one or more high-speed signals with slower, higher-voltage signals, the AP-1M provides a 1 M input impedance path and a full-scale range of +/-8 V.
Page 86: To Set Up Auxiliary Output
Trigger Enabled -- can be used as a gating function to trigger another instrument when the scope is ready Pass/Fail -- allows you to set a pulse duration from 1 ms to 500 ms; generates a pulse when pass/fail testing is active and conditions are met. Aux Output Off -- turns off the auxiliary output signal To Set Up Auxiliary Output 1.
Page 87: Sampling Modes
X-Stream Operator’s Manual SAMPLING MODES Depending on your timebase, you can choose either Single-shot (Real Time) , Sequence , or RIS mode sampling. To Select a Sampling Mode 1. In the menu bar, touch Timebase, then Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2.
Page 88: Sequence Sampling Mode Working With Segments
On fast timebase settings, the maximum single-shot sampling rate is used. But for slower timebases, the sampling rate is decreased and the number of data samples maintained. The relationship between sample rate, memory, and time can be simply defined as: Sequence SAMPLING Mode Working With Segments In sequence mode, the complete waveform consists of a number of fixed-size segments acquired in single-shot mode (see the instrument specifications for the limits).
Page 89: To Set Up Sequence Mode
X-Stream Operator’s Manual How the instrument captures segments To Set Up Sequence Mode 1. In the menu bar, touch Timebase, then touch Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch the Smart Memory tab, then touch the Sequence mode button 3.
Page 90: Sequence Display Modes
9. Touch inside the Starting at field and enter a starting segment number, using the pop-up numeric keypad. Sequence Display Modes The instrument gives you a choice of five ways to display your segments: Adjacent Waterfall (cascaded) Mosaic (tiled) Overlay Perspective WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 91: To Display Individual Segments
X-Stream Operator’s Manual The number of segments you choose to display (80 maximum) can be less than the total number of segments in the waveform. For example, in the pop-up images above, the number of display segments is 10, but the total number of segments entered in the timebase dialog's Num Segments field is 100.
Page 92: Ris Sampling Mode -- For Higher Sample Rates
RIS Sampling Mode -- For Higher Sample Rates RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling) is an acquisition technique that allows effective sampling rates higher than the maximum single-shot sampling rate. It is used on repetitive waveforms with a stable trigger. The maximum effective sampling rate of 50 GS/s can be achieved with RIS by making 100 single-shot acquisitions at 500 MS/s.
Page 93: Roll Mode
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Roll Mode Roll mode applies only to WavePro 7000A and WaveRunner 6000A series scopes. It is invoked automatically when the time per division is 500 ms/div or greater. However, you can cancel Roll Mode and return to Real Time mode at any time. Roll mode displays, in real time, incoming points in single-shot acquisitions that have a sufficiently low data rate.
Page 94: Vertical Settings And Channel Controls
VERTICAL SETTINGS AND CHANNEL CONTROLS Adjusting Sensitivity and Position To Adjust Sensitivity 1. Press the appropriate channel push button, for example to turn on channel 1. Or touch Vertical in the menu bar, then Channel 1 in the drop-down menu. 2.
Page 95: Probe Attenuation
Probe Attenuation To Set Probe Attenuation LeCroy's ProBus® system automatically senses probes and sets their attenuation for you. If you want to set the attenuation manually, 1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical, then select a channel from the drop-down menu.
Page 96: Inverting Waveforms
Sinx/x interpolation. 4. Touch the button for the type of interpolation you want. Inverting Waveforms Touch the Invert checkbox to invert the waveform for the selected channel. QuickZoom QuickZoom automatically displays a zoom of the channel or trace on a new grid. To Turn On a Zoom Touch the Zoom button in the channel dialog.
Page 97: Timebase And Acquisition System
X-Stream Operator’s Manual TIMEBASE AND ACQUISITION SYSTEM Timebase Setup and Control Set up the timebase by using the front panel Horizontal controls, just as for analog scopes. For additional timebase setups 1. Touch Timebase in the menu bar, then Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu. The "Horizontal"...
Page 98: Sda 11000 Dbi Controls
SMART Memory Note: When the SDA 11000 is in 11 GHz mode, only Fixed Sample Rate sampling is available. LeCroy's SMART Memory feature ensures the highest time resolution for the time window displayed, without aliasing. SMART Memory provides these advantages: •...
Page 99: To Set Up Smart Memory
X-Stream Operator’s Manual To Set Up SMART Memory 1. Touch Timebase in the menu bar, then SMART Mem Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch the SMART Memory tab. 3. Under Timebase Mode, touch the Set Maximum Memory or Fixed Sample Rate button. Information about your choice appears below the buttons.
Page 100: Triggering
A simple trigger, Edge trigger is activated by basic waveform features or conditions such as positive or negative slope, and holdoff. One of LeCroy's SMART Triggers®, Width trigger allows you to define a positive- or negative-going pulse width bounded by a voltage level, above or below which a trigger will occur.
Page 101: Determining Trigger Level, Slope, Source, And Coupling
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Used primarily in single-shot applications, and usually with a pre-trigger delay, Dropout trigger can detect lost signals. The trigger is generated at the end of the timeout period following the last trigger source transition. You can select a timeout period from 2 ns to 20 Logic trigger enables triggering on a logical combination (pattern) of five inputs: CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, EXT.
Page 102: Trigger Source
Edge trigger works on the selected edge at the chosen level. The slope (positive or negative) is specified in the Trigger label permanently displayed below-right of the grid. Trigger Source The Trigger On source may be one of the following: •...
Page 103: Holdoff By Time Or Events
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Holdoff by Time or Events Holdoff is an additional condition of Edge trigger. It can be expressed either as a period of time or an event count. Holdoff disables the trigger circuit for a given period of time or number of events after the last trigger occurred.
Page 104: Simple Triggers
Edge Trigger with Holdoff by Events (in this example, two events). The bold edges on the trigger source indicate that a positive slope has been selected. The broken, upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold ones show where triggers actually occur after the holdoff expires. Simple Triggers Edge Trigger on Simple Signals The instrument uses many waveform capture techniques that trigger on features and conditions...
Page 105: To Set Up An Edge Trigger
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Vertical: Turn the Level knob in the TRIGGER control group to adjust the trigger's vertical threshold. Turn this knob to adjust the level of the trigger source or the highlighted trace. Level defines the source voltage at which the trigger will generate an event a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions.
Page 106 Max. 1.000 V Default 0 mV Min. 1.000 V 5. Select the holdoff by touching the Time or Events buttons . Using the pop-up numeric keypad, enter a value and specify the unit of time: Or, use the up/down buttons to increase or decrease the time value in increments of 200 ps.
Page 107: Smart Triggers
X-Stream Operator’s Manual The preset Time values are as follows: Max. 20.0 s Default 50.0 ns Min. 2 ns The preset Events values are as follows: Max. 1,000,000,000 events Default 1 event Min. 1 event 6. Choose Positive or Negative slope: SMART Triggers Width Trigger How Width Trigger Works...
Page 108: Glitch Trigger
To Set Up Width Trigger 1. In the menu bar, touch Trigger, then Trigger Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch the Width trigger button 3. Touch inside the Trigger On data entry field and select a source on which to trigger: 4.
Page 109 X-Stream Operator’s Manual The timing for the width is initialized and restarted on the opposite slope to that selected. You can set widths from 600 ps to 20 s. NOTE: If the glitch's width is narrower than the signal's width, set the trigger to a narrower width than that of the signal. The signal's width, as determined by the instrument trigger comparator, depends on the DC trigger level.
Page 110: Interval Trigger
4. Touch inside the Level data entry field and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad. 5. Select positive or negative slope. 6. Define the width of the glitch you are looking for. You can trigger on any glitch less than a chosen pulse-width (Upper Limit);...
Page 111 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval width is smaller than the selected interval. The broken, upward-pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge within the selected interval. Interval Greater Than: For this Interval Trigger, generated on an interval larger than the one that you set, select a minimum interval between two edges of the same slope.
Page 112 Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval width is larger than the set interval. The broken upward-pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge after the selected interval. Interval In Range: This Interval Trigger is generated whenever an interval between two edges of the same slope falls within a selected range.
Page 113 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval falls within the selected range: = range's lower time limit; t = range's upper limit. The broken upward-pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold one indicates where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge within the selected range.
Page 114: Qualified Trigger
4. Touch inside the Level data entry field and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad. 5. Select positive or negative slope. 6. Touch the LessThan button and enter a pulse-width value in the Upper Limit data entry field. Or touch the GreaterThan button and enter a value in the Lower Limit data entry field.
Page 115 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Edge Qualified and Wait: Trigger after timeout. The broken upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold ones show where the actual triggers occur. Qualified First Trigger Qualified First trigger is intended to be used exclusively in Sequence Mode to speed up the trigger rate.
Page 116 4. Select Positive or Negative slope. 5. Touch inside the After data entry field and select the qualifying signal source from the pop-up menu. If you select an input channel or external source, touch inside the has gone data entry field and select a logic level: Above or Below. Then touch inside the Level field and set a voltage level using the pop-up numeric keypad.
Page 117: State Trigger
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 8. To set up a Qualified First trigger, touch the Qualify first segment only checkbox if you are in Sequence mode. State Trigger State trigger is another Qualified trigger; however, instead of using the edges of the qualifying inputs, State trigger uses the logic state of the inputs to qualify the trigger.
Page 118: Dropout Trigger
4. Select Positive or Negative slope. 5. Touch inside the has gone data entry field and select the qualifying signal source from the pop-up menu. If you select an input channel or external source, touch inside the has gone data entry field and select a logic level: Above or Below. Then touch inside the Level field and set a voltage level using the pop-up numeric keypad.
Page 119: Logic Trigger
X-Stream Operator’s Manual How Dropout Trigger Works Dropout Trigger: occurs when the timeout has expired. The bold upward-pointing arrows show where the trigger occurs. To Set Up Dropout Trigger 1. In the menu bar, touch Trigger, then Trigger Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2.
Page 120 Logic Applications Logic Trigger can be used in digital design for the testing of complex logic inputs or data transmission buses. To Set Up Logic Trigger 1. In the menu bar, touch Trigger, then Trigger Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2.
Page 121: Serial Trigger
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Serial Trigger Serial Trigger is available on SDA “A” model scopes only. Aux Input Trigger Some instrument models give you the capability to trigger on an auxiliary input. When you select this option, the auxiliary trigger setup is routed to channel 3, and an information icon appears in the Channel 3 descriptor label: CAUTION If you select Aux Input trigger on a WavePro 7000A Series scope, but do not input an...
Page 122: Display Formats
DISPLAY FORMATS Display Setup 1. In the menu bar, touch Display; then touch Display Setup in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch one of the Grid combination buttons: Autogrid automatically adds or deletes grids as you select more or fewer waveforms to display.
Page 123: Persistence Setup
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 3. Touch inside the Num seg displayed field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad. The maximum number of segments that can be displayed is 80. 4. Touch inside the Starting at field and enter a value. Note: The maximum value that you can enter for Starting at depends on the Num Segments value you entered in the "Timebase"...
Page 124: 3-Dimensional Persistence
Color mode persistence, selected by touching , works on the same principle as the Analog persistence feature, but instead uses the entire color spectrum to map signal intensity: violet for minimum population, red for maximum population. A saturation level of 100% spreads the intensity variation across the entire distribution;...
Page 125: Show Last Trace
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Here is a monochrome (analog) view of the same waveform. The lightest areas indicate highest intensity, corresponding to the red areas in the solid view. Here is a shaded (projected light) view of the same waveform. This view emphasizes the shape of the pulses.
Page 126: Persistence Time
Persistence Time You can control the duration of persistence by setting a time limit, in seconds, after which persistence data will be erased: 0.5 s, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, or infinity. Locking of Traces The instrument gives you the choice of constraining all input channels to the same mode, saturation level, persistence time, and last trace display, or setting these for each input channel individually.
Page 127: Screen Saver
X-Stream Operator’s Manual C. Under "3D settings," touch inside the Quality field and select an image quality from the pop-up menu: wire frame, solid, or shaded. D. For each axis, touch inside the data entry field and enter a value from -90° to +90°. 6.
Page 128: Zooming Waveforms
Zooming Waveforms The Zoom button appears as a standard button at the bottom of the channel "Cx Vertical Adjust" setup dialog if you want to create a math function zoom trace of your input waveform. On the other hand, you can zoom a memory or math function non-zoom trace directly without having to create a separate zoom trace.
Page 129: To Zoom By Touch-And-Drag
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 2. Touch at the bottom of the "Cx Vertical Adjust dialog." A zoom math trace (one of F5 to Fx) will be created of the selected channel. 3. To vary the degree of zoom, touch the newly created Fx trace label. The setup dialog for the math function opens, and the zoom control dialog appears at lower-right.
Page 130: To Zoom Multiple Waveforms Quickly
6. Turn the front panel Zoom knobs to control the boundaries of the zoom. To Zoom Multiple Waveforms Quickly Press the QuickZoom button on the front panel. Math function traces F5 to F8 will be used to create a zoom of each displayed input channel waveform. Each zoom will be displayed in its own grid.
Page 131: Xy Display
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Here the user has chosen to include only F2 and F3 in the Multi-zoom, even though F4 is also a zoom function and is also displayed. Thus, the scrolling feature will not affect zoom 6. Use the Auto-Scroll buttons at the right of the Multi-Zoom dialog to control the zoomed section of your waveforms: To Turn Off Multi-Zoom 1.
Page 132 . You have the choice of showing the two waveforms on just the XY grid, or you can also show the input waveforms on a single or dual grid. 3. Touch inside the Input X and Input Y data entry fields and select your input sources from the pop-up menus.
Page 133: Save And Recall
X-Stream Operator’s Manual SAVE AND RECALL Saving and Recalling Scope Settings You can save or recall scope settings to or from hard disk, floppy disk, or LAN location. To Save Scope Settings 1. In the menu bar, touch File; then touch Save Setup... in the drop-down menu. Or, press the Save/Recall front panel button, then touch the "Save Setup"...
Page 134: Saving Screen Images
The default settings are as follows: Vertical Timebase Trigger 50 mV/div 50.0 ns/div DC50 or AC1M (model dependent), C1, 0 mV trigger level 0 V offset 5.0 or 10.0 GS/s edge trigger (model dependent) positive edge 0 s delay Auto trigger mode Saving Screen Images You can send images to a hard copy printer or to storage media.
Page 135 X-Stream Operator’s Manual in memory (M1-M4). 4. Touch inside the Trace Title data entry field if you want to change the default name of your waveforms. Use the pop-up keyboard to type in the new name. Note: You can change the name but not the sequence number. CAUTION If you use a name that ends in a number instead of a letter, the instrument may truncate the number.
Page 136: Recalling Waveforms
: Wrap (old files overwritten) or Fill (no files overwritten). CAUTION If you select Fill, you can quickly use up all disk space on your hard disk. Recalling Waveforms 1. In the menu bar, touch File; then touch Recall Waveform... in the drop-down menu. 2.
Page 137: To Delete All Files In A Folder
X-Stream Operator’s Manual navigate to the folder. 4. Touch inside the File to be deleted data entry field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter the name of the file. Or touch the Browse button and navigate to the file. 5.
Page 138: Printing And File Management
PRINTING AND FILE MANAGEMENT Print, Plot, or Copy The instrument gives you the ability to output files to a printer or plotter, to print to file, or to e-mail your files. Any WindowsXP supported printer is supported by your instrument. Printing To Set Up the Printer 1.
Page 139: Changing The Default Printer
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Changing the Default Printer 1. If you want to change the default printer, minimize the instrument application by touching File in the menu bar, then Minimize in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch the Start button in the task bar at the bottom of the screen. 3.
Page 140: 100Base-T Ethernet Connection
Please follow these recommendations: • Do not load any version of Windows not provided by LeCroy. If you load any Windows XPe service packs from Microsoft, please be advised that LeCroy cannot guarantee trouble-free operation afterwards.
Page 141: System Restore
Although the scope creates regularly scheduled restore points automatically, before you install any hardware or software on your instrument, LeCroy strongly recommends that you manually create a restore point. The restore point resides on the scopes hard drive, so no external storage medium (floppy disk, USB memory stick, etc.) is required.
Page 142: Track Views
TRACK VIEWS Creating and Viewing a Trend 1. In the menu bar, touch Measure, then Measure Setup in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch one of parameter tabs P1 through Px. 3. Touch inside the Source1 data entry field and select an input waveform from the pop-up menu.
Page 143 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 4. Touch inside the Measure data entry field and select a parameter from the pop-up menu. 5. Touch the Track button at the bottom of the dialog; then, from the Math selection for Track menu, select a math function location (F1 to Fx) to store the Track display.
Page 144: Histograms
HISTOGRAMS Creating and Viewing a Histogram Note: The number of sweeps comprising the histogram will be displayed in the bottom line of the trace descriptor label: To Set Up a Single Parameter Histogram From Measure Dialog 1. In the menu bar, touch Measure, then Measure Setup. 2.
Page 145: To View Thumbnail Histograms
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 8. Under "Buffer," touch inside the #Values data entry field and enter a value from 20 to 1000. 9. Under "Scaling," touch inside the #Bins data entry field and enter a value from 20 to 2000. 10. Touch the Find Center and Width button to center the histogram. Or touch inside the Center, then the Width, data entry fields and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad.
Page 146: Persistence Trace Range
5. Touch the "Phistogram" tab, then touch inside the Slice Direction field and select Horizontal or Vertical slice from the pop-up menu. 6. Touch inside the Slice Center field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad. 7. Touch inside the Slice Width field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad. Note: You can use the front panel Adjust knobs to move the Slice Center line and the Slice Width boundary lines.
Page 147: Histogram Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Histogram Parameters fwhm Full Width at Half Maximum Definition: Determines the width of the largest area peak, measured between bins on either side of the highest bin in the peak that have a population of half the highest's population.
Page 148 fwxx Full Width at xx% Maximum Definition: Determines the width of the largest area peak, measured between bins on either side of the highest bin in the peak that have a population of xx% of the highest's population. If several peaks have an area equal to the maximum population, the leftmost peak is used in the computation.
Page 149 X-Stream Operator’s Manual hist ampl Histogram Amplitude Definition: The difference in value of the two most populated peaks in a histogram. This parameter is useful for waveforms with two primary parameter values, such as TTL voltages, where hampl would indicate the difference between the binary `1' and `0' voltage values.
Page 150 hbase Histogram Base Definition: The value of the leftmost of the two most populated peaks in a histogram. This parameter is primarily useful for waveforms with two primary parameter values such as TTL voltages where hbase would indicate the binary `0' voltage value. Description: The two highest histogram peaks are determined.
Page 151 X-Stream Operator’s Manual hist rms Histogram Root Mean Square Definition: The rms value of the values in a histogram. Description: The center value of each populated bin is squared and multiplied by the population (height) of the bin. All results are summed and the total is divided by the population of all the bins.
Page 152 hist top Histogram Top Definition: The value of the rightmost of the two most populated peaks in a histogram. This parameter is useful for waveforms with two primary parameter values, such as TTL voltages, where htop would indicate the binary `1' voltage value. Description: The two highest histogram peaks are determined.
Page 153 X-Stream Operator’s Manual maxp Maximum Population Definition: The count (vertical value) of the highest population bin in a histogram. Description: Each bin between the parameter cursors is examined for its count. The highest count is returned as maxp. Example: Here, maxp is 14. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 154 mode Mode Definition: The value of the highest population bin in a histogram. Description: Each bin between the parameter cursors is examined for its population count. The leftmost bin with the highest count found is selected. Its center value is returned as mode.
Page 155 X-Stream Operator’s Manual pctl Percentile Definition: Computes the horizontal data value that separates the data in a histogram such that the population on the left is a specified percentage `xx' of the total population. When the threshold is set to 50%, pctl is the same as hmedian. Description: The total population of the histogram is determined.
Page 156 Peaks Definition: The number of peaks in a histogram. Description: The instrument analyzes histogram data to identify peaks from background noise and histogram binning artifacts such as small gaps. Peak identification is a 3-step process: 1. The mean height of the histogram is calculated for all populated bins. A threshold (T1) is calculated from this mean, where: T1= mean + 2 sqrt (mean).
Page 157 X-Stream Operator’s Manual WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 158 range Range Definition: Computes the difference between the value of the rightmost and that of the leftmost populated bin. Description: The rightmost and leftmost populated bins are identified. The difference in value between the two is returned as the range. Example: In this example, range is 2 mV.
Page 159 X-Stream Operator’s Manual totp Total Population Definition: Calculates the total population of a histogram between the parameter cursors. Description: The count for all populated bins between the parameter cursors is summed. Example: The total population of this histogram is 9. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 160: Histogram Theory Of Operation
xapk X Coordinate of xx Peak Definition: Returns the value of the xx peak that is the largest by area in a histogram. Description: First the peaks in a histogram are determined and ranked in order of total area (for a discussion on how peaks are identified see the description for the pks parameter).
Page 161: Scope Process
X-Stream Operator’s Manual While such a value range can be infinite, for practical purposes it need only be defined as large enough to include any realistically possible parameter value. For example, in measuring TTL high-voltage values a range of +/-50 V is unnecessarily large, whereas one of 4 V +/-2.5 V is more reasonable.
Page 162: Parameter Buffer
• The trace on which the histogram is to be displayed • The maximum number of parameter measurement values to be used in creating the histogram • The measurement range of the histogram • The number of bins to be used Some of these are pre-defined but can be changed.
Page 163: Histogram Parameters (Xmap And Jta2 Options)
X-Stream Operator’s Manual waveforms an acquisition occurs for each segment and a sweep is equivalent to acquisitions for all segments. Only the section of a waveform between the parameter cursors is used in the calculation of parameter values and corresponding histogram events. The following table provides a summary of the number of histogram events captured per acquisition or sweep for each parameter, and for a waveform section between the parameter cursors.
Page 164: Histogram Peaks
percentile data value in histogram for which specified `x'% of population is smaller peaks number of peaks in histogram pop @ x population of bin for specified horizontal coordinate range difference between highest and lowest data values total pop total population in histogram x at peak x-axis position of specified largest peak Histogram Peaks Because the shape of histogram distributions is particularly interesting, additional parameter...
Page 165: Binning And Measurement Accuracy
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Determining such peaks is very useful because they indicate dominant values of a signal. However, signal noise and the use of a high number of bins relative to the number of parameter values acquired, can give a jagged and spiky histogram, making meaningful peaks hard to distinguish. The scope analyzes histogram data to identify peaks from background noise and histogram definition artifacts such as small gaps, which are due to very narrow bins.
Page 166: Waveform Measurements
WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS Measuring with Cursors Cursors are important tools that aid you in measuring signal values. Cursors are markers --- lines, cross-hairs, or arrows --- that you can move around the grid or the waveform itself. Use cursors to make fast, accurate measurements and to eliminate guesswork. There are two basic types: Horiz(ontal) (generally Time or Frequency) cursors are markers that you move horizontally along the waveform.
Page 167: Full Setup
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Full Setup 1. In the menu bar, touch Cursors, then Cursors Setup. The "Standard Cursors" dialog opens. 2. In the dialog area, touch the Cursors On check box to display them. 3. Touch one of the Horizontal or Vertical mode buttons: Relative or Absolute. 4.
Page 168: Status Symbols
Touching the row titles displays the top Measure dialog. Status Symbols Below each parameter appears a symbol that indicates the status of the parameter, as follows: A green check mark means that the scope is returning a valid value. A crossed-out pulse means that the scope is unable to determine top and base;...
Page 169: Using X-Stream Browser To Obtain Status Information
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Using X-Stream Browser to Obtain Status Information Example: Here is a case of an overflow condition, in which the amplitude of the waveform cannot be determined: 1. Minimize the scope display by selecting File Minimize. 2. Touch the X-Stream Browser desktop icon to open the browser: 3.
Page 170 5. Read the status information in line StatusDescription. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 171: Statistics
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Statistics By touching the Statistics On checkbox in the "Measure" dialog, you can display statistics for standard vertical or horizontal parameters, or for custom parameters. The statistics that are displayed are as follows: value (last) mean min. max.
Page 172: Standard Horizontal Parameters
pkpk base Standard Horizontal Parameters These are the default Standard Horizontal Parameters: Horizontal freq period width rise fall delay duty npoints My Measure You can choose to customize up to eight parameters by touching My Measure. Parameter Math (XMath or XMAP option required) The instrument gives you the ability to perform arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) on the results of two parameter measurements.
Page 173: Excluded Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Excluded Parameters Parameters that are already the result of parameter math operations are excluded. If they are included in a remote control setup command, an error message is generated and the setup canceled. • Excluded parameters are as follows: •...
Page 174: Param Script Vs. P Script
Param Script vs. P Script Param Script is a VBScript or JavaScript that operates on one or two waveforms and outputs a parameter measurement, as shown in the figure below. P Script, on the other hand, is another VBScript or JavaScript that takes as input one or two parameters and performs a math operation on them to produce another parameter output.
Page 175: To Set Up Parameter Math
X-Stream Operator’s Manual To Set Up Parameter Math 1. Touch Measure in the menu bar, then Measure Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch the My Measure button in the "Measure" dialog. 3. Touch the Px tab for the parameter to which you want to apply parameter math. 4.
Page 176: Measure Gate
math to (P1 to Px). If you are applying math to a single parameter (for example, invert), just touch inside the Source1 field and select a parameter (P1 to Px). 6. Touch inside the Math Operator field and select P Script from the Select Measurement menu.
Page 177: To Set Up Measure Gate
X-Stream Operator’s Manual In this example, you can see that the Measure Gate includes only five rising edges. Therefore, parameter calculations for rise time are performed only on the five pulses bounded by the gate posts. The position of the gate posts is shown in the Start and Stop fields in the accompanying dialog.
Page 178: Help Markers
Help Markers Help Markers clarify parameter measurements by displaying movable cursors and a visual representation of what is being measured. For the "at level" parameters, Help Markers make it easier to see where your waveform intersects the chosen level. This feature also displays the hysteresis band that you have set about that level.
Page 179: To Set Up Help Markers
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Standard Vertical Parameter Help Markers To Set Up Help Markers 1. In the menu bar, touch Measure Setup... 2. Select a Measure Mode: Std Vertical, Std Horizontal, or My Measure. 3. Touch the Show All button to display Help Markers for every parameter being measured on the displayed waveform (C2 in the examples above).
Page 180: To Turn Off Help Markers
To Turn Off Help Markers 1. Touch the Clear All button to turn off Help Markers for all parameters. 2. To turn off Help Markers for individual parameters, touch the Px tab for the parameter in question. Then uncheck the Always On checkbox. When you close this dialog, the Help Markers for this parameter will no longer be displayed.
Page 181: To Customize A Parameter
X-Stream Operator’s Manual To Customize a Parameter From the Measure Dialog Touch the My Measure button in the "Measure" dialog. The dialog presents you with a panel of eight preset parameters. For each parameter, touch the On check box to enable the parameter listed. If you want to change the parameter listed, or a measurement characteristic, touch the parameter button (P1 for example) alongside the check box.
Page 182: Parameter Calculations
Parameter Calculations Parameters and How They Work Determining Top and Base Lines Proper determination of the top and base reference lines is fundamental for ensuring correct parameter calculations. The analysis begins by computing a histogram of the waveform data over the time interval spanned by the left and right time cursors.
Page 183: Determining Time Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual The time interval separating the points on the rising or falling edges is then estimated to yield the rise or fall time. These results are averaged over the number of transition edges that occur within the observation window. Rising Edge Duration Falling Edge Duration Where Mr is the number of leading edges found, Mf the number of...
Page 184: Determining Differential Time Measurements
Figure 2 Determining Differential Time Measurements The DDA-5005A enables accurate differential time measurements between two traces: for example, propagation, setup and hold delays (see Figure 3). Parameters such as Delta c2d+/- require the transition polarity of the clock and data signals to be specified.
Page 185: Level And Slope
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Figure 3 Moreover, a hysteresis range may be specified to ignore any spurious transition that does not exceed the boundaries of the hysteresis interval. In Figure 3, Delta c2d- (1, 2) measures the time interval separating the rising edge of the clock (trigger) from the first negative transition of the data signal.
Page 186: List Of Parameters
List of Parameters The following table describes the instrument parameters. Availability of some parameters depends on the options installed. See the comments in the "Notes" column of the table. Parameter Description Definition Notes 100BT Fall Fall time between 2 levels Available with ENET (upper-base, base-lower) of a option.
Page 187 X-Stream Operator’s Manual option. Standard in DDA-5005A. Area Integral of data: Computes area of Sum from first to last of data Standard parameter.. waveform between cursors relative multiplied by horizontal time to zero level. Values greater than between points zero contribute positively to the area;...
Page 188 cyclic Cyclic median: Computes average Data value for which 50% of Choose this parameter of base and top values over an values are above and 50% by selecting Median Median integral number of cycles, contrary below from the parameter to median, eliminating bias caused table, then touching the Cyclic checkbox.
Page 189 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Delta delay delay: Computes time between Time between midpoint Standard parameter. 50% level of two sources. transition of two sources Dj Effective Amount of deterministic jitter Available with SDA (estimated) in a signal option. Differential Output Voltage of a Available with ENET 100Base-T signal option.
Page 190 Duty@level Percent of period for which data are Reference levels and above or below a specified level. edge-transition polarity can be selected. Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data. Available with JTA2 and XMAP options. Duty cycle Duty cycle: Width as percentage of width/period Standard parameter.
Page 191 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Excel Performs measurements in Excel Available with XMAP by transferring one or two and XDEV options. waveforms and reading the Standard on resulting parameter value. DDA-5005A scope. Excel must be loaded on the instrument. Eye AC RMS Root mean square of data within Standard in SDA and one UI...
Page 192 Eye Height Size of the vertical opening of an Available with SDA and eye diagram SDM options. Standard in SDA, SDA100G, and WaveExpert scopes. Eye Mean Mean level of an eye Standard in SDA and WaveExpert scopes. Eye Open Fac Eye opening factor measured within Standard in SDA and the eye aperture...
Page 193 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Fall time Fall time: Duration of falling edge Time at upper threshold On signals not having from 90-10%. minus two major levels (triangle or saw-tooth Time at lower threshold waves, for example), top and base can default to averaged over each falling maximum and edge...
Page 194 formerly on the right, now on left. Standard parameter. Frequency Frequency: Period of cyclic signal 1/period Standard parameter. measured as time between every other pair of 50% crossings. Starting with first transition after left cursor, the period is measured for each transition pair.
Page 195 X-Stream Operator’s Manual data. Available with JTA2, SDA, and XMAP options. Standard in SDA100G scopes. Hist ampl Difference in value between the two Available with DDM2, most populated peaks in a JTA2, XMATH, XWAV, histogram. CAN02, SDA, and XMAP options. Standard in DDA-5005A, SDA100G, WaveExpert, and...
Page 196 scopes. Hist median Value of the "X" axis of a histogram Available with DDM2, that divides the population into two JTA2, XMATH, XWAV, equal halves. CAN02, SDA, and XMAP options. Standard in DDA-5005A, SDA100G, WaveExpert, and sampling scopes. Hist minimum Value of the lowest (left-most) Available with DDM2, populated bin in a histogram.
Page 197 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Hist rms Root mean square of the values in a Available with DDM2, histogram. JTA2, XMATH, XWAV, CAN02, SDA, and XMAP options. Standard in DDA-5005A, SDA100G, and sampling scopes Hist sdev Standard deviation of values in a Available with DDM2, histogram.
Page 198 Hparam Script Visual Basic (or Java) script which Available with XMAP, produces a measurement from one ASDA, and XDEV or two input options. histogram results Standard in DDA-5005A. Jitter Filter Jitter in the specified frequency Available with ASDA band. Generates a time sequence option.
Page 199 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Local max Maximum value of a local feature. Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data. Available with DDM2 option. Standard in DDA-5005A. Local min Minimum value of a local feature. Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data.
Page 200 Local tbp Time between a local feature peak Hysteresis argument and the next local peak. used to discriminate levels from noise in data. Available with DDM2 option. Standard in DDA-5005A. Local tbt Time between a local feature trough Hysteresis argument and the next local trough.
Page 201 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Local tpt Time between local feature peak Hysteresis argument and trough. used to discriminate levels from noise in data. Available with DDM2 option. Standard in DDA-5005A. Local ttp Time between local feature trough Hysteresis argument and the next local peak. used to discriminate levels from noise in data.
Page 202 Maximum Measures highest point in Highest value in waveform Gives similar result waveform. Unlike top, does not between cursors when applied to time assume waveform has two levels. domain waveform or histogram of data of same waveform. But with histograms, result may include contributions from more than one acquisition.
Page 203 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Nb Power Provides a measurement of the Available with DDM2, power at a specific frequency of a XMATH, PMA2, SDA, waveform (narrow band). and XMAP options. Standard in DDA-5005A and SDA100G scopes. N-cycle jitter Peak-to-peak jitter between edges Compares the expected time Available in SDA spaced n UI apart.
Page 204 Param Script Visual Basic or Java script that Available with XMAP, produces a measurement from one XDEV, and ASDA or two input waveforms. options. Standard in DDA-5005A. Peak Mag Peak mag away from a baseline. Available with ENET Note: the measure gate must option.
Page 205 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Period Period of a cyclic signal measured Standard parameter. as time between every other pair of 50% crossings. Starting with first transition after left cursor, period is measured for each transition pair, Where: Mr is the number of with values averaged to give final leading edges found, Mf the result.
Page 206 Phase Phase difference between signal Phase difference between Standard parameter. analyzed and signal used as signal and reference reference. You can set the output type to percent, degrees, or radians. After setting up the reference, touch the More tab for signal setups.
Page 207 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Resolution Ratio of taa for a high and low taa (HF)/mean taa (LF)*100 Hysteresis argument frequency waveform used to discriminate levels from noise in data. Available in DDM2. Standard in DDA-5005A. Ring Ringback (high or low) Available with SDA parameter.
Page 208 however, less Base & Top (% or absolute) predictable results. Peak-Peak (%) Standard parameter. 0V-Max (%) Enhanced parameter available with EMC option. Root Mean Square of data between Gives similar result the cursors -- about same as sdev when applied to time for a zero-mean waveform.
Page 209 X-Stream Operator’s Manual valid. Available with JTA2 and XMAP options. Standard in SDA100G and WaveSurfer scopes. Slew Rate Slew rate or local dV/dt in a Available in SDA and transition zone JTA2 options. Standard in SDA100G scopes. SSC Diff Calculates difference between Available with PCIE average SSC frequencies.
Page 210 DDA-5005A. TAA- Average local baseline-to-trough Hysteresis argument amplitude for all local features. used to discriminate levels from noise in data. Available with DDM2 option. Standard in DDA-5005A. TAA+ Average local baseline-to-peak Hysteresis argument amplitude for all local features. used to discriminate levels from noise in data.
Page 211 X-Stream Operator’s Manual characteristic of rectangular domain waveform or waveforms and represents the histogram of data of higher most probable state same waveform. But determined from the statistical with histograms, result distribution of data point values in may include the waveform. contributions from more than one acquisition.
Page 212 the time between adjacent falling and rising edges. For both cases, widths of all waveform pulses are averaged for the final result. Width measured at a specific level. Time between two Width@level Reference levels and transitions of opposite slope edge-transition polarity at a specified level.
Page 213: Range Limited Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Qualified Parameters Some LeCroy instruments and software packages give you the capability to constrain parameter measurements to a vertically or horizontally limited range, or to occurrences gated by a second waveform. Furthermore, both constraints can operate together. This capability enables you to exclude unwanted characteristics from your measurements.
Page 214 Delay Parameter (Find Range selected) WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 215: Waveform Gated Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Waveform Gated Parameters To Set Up Waveform Qualifiers 1. From the menu bar, select Measure, then Measure Setup... from the drop-down menu. 2. Touch a Px tab to open the setup dialog. 3. Touch inside the Source field and select a source from the pop-up menu. 4.
Page 216: Waveform Math
WAVEFORM MATH Introduction to Math Traces and Functions With the instrument’s math tools you can perform mathematical functions on a waveform displayed on any channel, or recalled from any of the four reference memories M1 to M4. You can also set up traces F1 to Fx [The number of math functions that can be performed at the same time depends on the software options loaded on your scope.] to do math on parameter measurements P1 to Px [The number of parameters that can be measured at the same time depends on the software options...
Page 217: Resampling To Deskew
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Fx tab, for example . The setup dialog for that Fx position appears. 6. Touch the Single function button if you want to perform just one math function on the trace, or touch the Dual function button to perform math on math.
Page 218: Rescaling And Assigning Units
Rescaling and Assigning Units This feature allows you to apply a multiplication factor (a) and additive constant (b) to your waveform: aX + b. You can do it in the unit of your choice, depending on the type of application.` To Set Up Rescaling 1.
Page 219 X-Stream Operator’s Manual The instrument resumes averaging when you change the trigger mode back to NORM/AUTO. You can reset the accumulated average by pushing the CLEAR SWEEPS button or by changing an acquisition parameter such as input gain, offset, coupling, trigger condition, timebase, or bandwidth limit.
Page 220: To Set Up Continuous Averaging
To Set Up Continuous Averaging 1. In the menu bar, touch Math, then Math Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2. Select a function tab from F1 through Fx [The number of math traces available depends on the software options loaded on your scope. See Specifications.]. 3.
Page 221 X-Stream Operator’s Manual excellent step response in 0.5 bit steps, and minimum bandwidth reduction for resolution improvements of between 0.5 and 3 bits. Each step corresponds to a bandwidth reduction factor of two, allowing easy control of the bandwidth resolution trade-off. The parameters of the six filters are given in the following table.
Page 222 In low-pass filtering: The spectrum of a square signal before (left top) and after (left bottom) enhanced resolution processing. The result clearly illustrates how the filter rejects high-frequency components from the signal. The higher the bit enhancement, the lower the resulting bandwidth.
Page 223: To Set Up Enhanced Resolution (Eres)
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Note: Enhanced resolution can only improve the resolution of a trace; it cannot improve the accuracy or linearity of the original quantization. The pass-band will cause signal attenuation for signals near the cut-off frequency. The highest frequencies passed may be slightly attenuated. Perform the filtering on finite record lengths. Data will be lost at the start and end of the waveform: the trace will be slightly shorter after filtering.
Page 224: To Set Up Waveform Sparser
the other hand, tells the scope to begin on the third sample, then skip the number of samples specified by the sparsing factor (4). In this way, the sample rate is effectively reduced. For the sparsing factor (interval), you can set a value from 1 to 1,000,000 points. For the sparsing offset you can set a value from 0 to 999,999.
Page 225: Fast Wave Port
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Fast Wave Port FastWavePort is a processing function for the LeCroy X-Stream family of digital oscilloscopes that enables you to insert your own custom processing algorithm, written in the C/C++ language, into the scope's processing stream. FastWavePort maximizes data throughput from the acquisition system to your processing function.
Page 226: Setup -- Case 1
5. In the right-hand mini-dialog, touch the Fast Wave Port tab: 6. Touch inside the "Timeout" field and enter a suitable value. Setup -- Case 1 This scenario assumes that you have developed your application on a PC. 1. Compile your application on your PC 2.
Page 227: Operational Notes
X-Stream Operator’s Manual D. At the end of the "Variable Value" string, append ;C:\MinGW\bin for the case of the GNU C Compiler (GCC) for example. E. Click OK. 5. Open the Command Prompt window (Start --> Programs --> Accessories --> Command Prompt) and compile your application.
Page 228 // Prototype C++ client application for "Fast Wave Port' Math Processor // Compatibility: Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0, 7.1 MinGW 'gcc' based compiler (free download from http://www.mingw.org/) Compile with: mingw32-c++ -o fastWavePortClient.exe fastwaveportclient.cpp //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #include "windows.h" #include <stdio.h> //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // FastWavePort header, describes various properties of the waveform passed to the // user-processing // function.
Page 229 X-Stream Operator’s Manual double horOffset; // horizontal offset (in horizontal units, e.g. seconds) // of the waveform double horResolution; // horizontal resolution of the measurement system //(also in horizontal units) lecTimeStamp trigTime; // trigger time, units of 1ns since 00:00:00 on Jan 1st // 2000, 64-bit unsigned integer char verUnit[48];...
Page 230 // if the client app. was run before the scope then these events will be created, // if the scope was run first then these events // will just be opened HANDLE m_hDataAvailable = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE /* initial state szMutexDataAvailableName);...
Page 231: Header Description
X-Stream Operator’s Manual // use to flag that the output is not valid, increasing performance when // it is not necessary to read data back into the DSO //descHeader->flags &= ~FLAGS_OUTPUT_VALID; // flag that processing is complete SetEvent(m_hProcessingComplete); return Header Description descVersion;...
Page 232: Performance
Performance Under optimal conditions, on a scope with a 1.7 GHz Celeron processor, rates of up to 75 MS/s have been observed. Due to the differences between the acquisition and processing hardware in each of the X-Stream scopes, this value may vary significantly and therefore cannot be guaranteed. However, this is by far the fastest way to process data using a user-defined algorithm on an X-Stream scope.
Page 233 This variation in spectrum magnitude is the picket fence effect. The corresponding attenuation loss is referred to as scallop loss. LeCroy scopes automatically correct for the scallop effect, ensuring that the magnitude of the spectra lines correspond to their true values in the time domain.
Page 234 Choosing a Window The choice of a spectral window is dictated by the signal’s characteristics. Weighting functions control the filter response shape, and affect noise bandwidth as well as side lobe levels. Ideally, the main lobe should be as narrow and flat as possible to effectively discriminate all spectral components, while all side lobes should be infinitely attenuated.
Page 235: Improving Dynamic Range
ERES low-pass filter and the noise shape (frequency distribution). LeCroy digital oscilloscopes employ FIR digital filters so that a constant phase shift is maintained. The phase information is therefore not distorted by the filtering action.
Page 236 and whose imaginary part is 0; X is the resulting complex frequency-domain waveform; ; and N is the number of points in x and X The generalized FFT algorithm, as implemented here, works on N, which need not be a power of 2.
Page 237: Glossary
X-Stream Operator’s Manual The dBm Power Spectrum: where M = 0.316 V (that is, 0 dBm is defined as a sine wave of 0.316 V peak or 0.224 V rms, giving 1.0 mW into 50 ohms). The dBm Power Spectrum is the same as dBm Magnitude, as suggested in the above formula. dBm Power Density: where ENBW is the equivalent noise bandwidth of the filter corresponding to the selected window, and Delta f is the current frequency resolution (bin width).
Page 238 Coherent Gain The normalized coherent gain of a filter corresponding to each window function is 1.0 (0 dB) for a rectangular window and less than 1.0 for other windows. It defines the loss of signal energy due to the multiplication by the window function. This loss is compensated for in the oscilloscope.
Page 239 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Frequency Range The range of frequencies computed and displayed is 0 Hz (displayed at the left-hand edge of the screen) to the Nyquist frequency (at the rightmost edge of the trace). Frequency Resolution In a simple sense, the frequency resolution is equal to the bin width Delta f.
Page 240: Fft Setup
the dBm scale, with 0 dBm corresponding to (V /Hz). Sampling Frequency The time-domain records are acquired at sampling frequencies dependent on the selected time base. Before the FFT computation, the time-domain record may be decimated. If the selected maximum number of points is lower than the source number of points, the effective sampling frequency is reduced.
Page 241 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 5. Touch inside the Operator1 field: Select FFT from the pop-up menu if you selected Single function. Select another math function if you selected Dual function. Then touch inside the Operator2 field and select FFT from the pop-up menu. 6.
Page 242: Analysis
ANALYSIS Pass/Fail Testing Comparing Parameters Each Pass/Fail input (Qx) can compare a different parameter result to a user-defined limit (or statistical range) under a different condition. The conditions are represented by these comparison operators: At the touch of a button, test results can also be compared to these standard statistical limits: •...
Page 243: Actions
X-Stream Operator’s Manual be loaded from a floppy disk or from a network. You can set your mask test to be True for waveforms All In, All Out, Any In, or Any Out. For example, if you select All In, the test will be False if even a single waveform falls outside the mask. Masks that you create from your waveform can be confined to just a portion of the trace by use of a measure gate.
Page 244: Comparing A Single Parameter
Touch the Summary View to enable a line of text that shows concisely the status of your last waveform and keeps a running count of how many sweeps have passed. Touch inside the Pass If field, and select a Boolean condition from the pop-up menu. If you want to set up the test to end after a finite number of sweeps, touch the Stop Test checkbox.
Page 245: Comparing Dual Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 6. Touch inside the Condition field in the "ParamCompare" mini-dialog and select a math operator from the pop-up menu: 7. Touch inside the Limit field and enter a value, using the pop-up numeric keypad. This value takes the dimensions of the parameter that you are testing. For example, if you are testing a time parameter, the unit is seconds.
Page 246: Mask Testing
. By selecting All, the test will be true only if every waveform falls within the limit that you will set. By selecting Any, the test will be true if just one waveform falls within the limit. 7. Touch inside the Condition field in the "ParamCompare" mini-dialog and select a math operator from the pop-up menu: 8.
Page 247 X-Stream Operator’s Manual This selection means, for example, that if you select All In the test will be False if even a single waveform falls outside the mask. 6. From Show Markers, choose whether or not to have mask violations displayed. 7.
Page 248: Utilities
UTILITIES Status The status read-only dialog displays system information including serial number, firmware version, and installed software and hardware options. To Access Status Dialog In the menu bar, touch Utilities. Touch the Status tab. Remote communication The Remote dialog is where you can select a network communication protocol, establish network connections, and configure the Remote Control Assistant log.
Page 249: Hardcopy
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 3. Touch inside the Log Mode data entry field. 4. Select Off, Errors Only, or Full Dialog from the pop-up menu. 5. To export the contents of the event log to an ASCII text file, touch the Show Remote Control Log button: the "Event Logs"...
Page 250: E-Mail
only want to show the waveforms and grids. 8. Touch the Print Now button. E-Mail The instrument also gives you the option to e-mail your screen images, using either the MAPI or SMTP protocols. Before you output to e-mail from the Utilities dialog, you first have to set up the e-mail server and recipient address in Preference Setup.
Page 251: To Set Time And Date From Windows
X-Stream Operator’s Manual the scope. 2. In the menu bar touch Utilities, then Utilities Setup... in the drop-down menu. 3. Touch the Date/Time tab. 4. Touch the Set from Internet button. To Set Time and Date from Windows 1. In the menu bar touch Utilities, then Utilities Setup... in the drop-down menu. 2.
Page 252: Options
Use this dialog to add or remove software options. For information about software options, contact your local LeCroy Sales and Service office, or visit our Web site at http://www.lecroy.com/options. Options that you purchase, such as JTA2, add performance to you instrument. This added performance is seen in the new math functions or parameters that you can choose from when doing Measure or Math setups.
Page 253: Trigger Counter
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 1. In the menu bar touch Utilities; then touch Preferences in the drop-down menu. 2. Touch the Acquisition tab. 3. Under Delay Setting constant in:, touch either the Div or Volts button. Trigger Counter Checking the Reset trigger counter before starting a new acquisition checkbox clears the trigger counter each time the scope issues an arm acquisition command.
Page 254: Acquisition Status
In addition to these dialogs, summaries are also provided for XY setups, memory (M1-M4) setups, and time stamps for sequence mode sampling. Service This button provides access to service dialogs, which are for the sole use of LeCroy service personnel. A security code is required to gain access. Show Windows Desktop Touching the Show Windows Desktop button in the main "Utilities"...
Page 255: Touch Screen Calibration
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Touch Screen Calibration Touching the Touch-Screen Calibration button starts the calibration procedure. During the procedure, you will be prompted to touch the center of a small cross in 5 key locations on the touch screen. Because sufficient accuracy cannot be achieved using your finger, use a stylus instead for this procedure.
Page 256: Customization
CUSTOMIZATION Customizing Your Instrument The instrument provides powerful capability to add your own parameters, functions, display algorithms, or other routines to the scope user interface without having to leave the instrument application environment. You can customize the instrument to your needs by using the power of programs such as Excel™, Mathcad™, and MATLAB™, or by scripting in VBS.
Page 257: Examples
X-Stream Operator’s Manual • Creating a new waveform by manipulating the data of one or two input waveforms • Creating a new waveform without using any of the input data • Creating a new parameter by manipulating the data of one or two input waveforms •...
Page 258 golden waveform. The subtraction (of course) contains all the noise, but it also shows the presence of a very small square wave signal. Example 3 Here is the VBScript that produced the "golden sine" (F2 above): Frequency = 3000000.0 ' Frequency of real data SampleTime = InResult.HorizontalPerStep Omega = 2.0 * 3.1416 * Frequency * SampleTime Amplitude = 0.15...
Page 259 (C3). By using a VBScript to create a clock waveform of the appropriate frequency (waveform F1), the customer was able to display and measure data-clock skew using a LeCroy instrument function and parameter. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 260 Example 5 Next, a logarithmic vertical scale, for which the script can be found here. (Most scripts would be far simpler than this one.) Frequency response curves are frequently drawn on a logarithmic scale. The upper trace is a frequency spectrum of a square wave after enhanced resolution has been applied. It was created using instrument functions.
Page 261 The examples above illustrate only the capability to use VBScript and MATLAB. The instrument with the LeCroy XMAP software option allows you to use Excel, Mathcad, MATLAB, and VBScript in this manner. Of course, you will need to load Excel, Mathcad, or MATLAB in the scope (VBScript...
Page 262: What Is Excel
does not require any additional software) to take advantage of the capability. You can think of these functions as "subroutines" of the instrument's main software, which take in waveform data and other variables like vertical scale and offset, and horizontal scale and offset. These functions then return a waveform or a parameter as required.
Page 263 X-Stream Operator’s Manual WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 264: What Can You Do With A Customized Instrument
These examples are purely illustrative, but you can easily imagine that with a VBScript you can add value to the scope in a very short time. This gives you an instrument that does exactly what you want, time after time, by using your stored setups and scripts. What can you do with a customized instrument? If you require a result that can be derived logically from the input waveform, you can do it.
Page 265: Number Of Samples
Excel calculation. To use this capability, you must have the LeCroy XMAP software option and Excel loaded in your instrument. Select Minimize from the instrument's File menu to access the Excel program directly.
Page 266: How To Select A Parameter Function Call
How to Select a Parameter Function Call The Excel Parameter function is selected from the Select Measurement menu, where it appears in the Custom group. The Excel Control Dialog Once you have invoked an Excel call, you will see a dialog at the right of the screen, allowing you to control the zoom, Excel properties, linking cells, and scale of the output trace from Excel: Entering a File Name If you uncheck the New Sheet checkbox, you can enter the file name of an existing file.
Page 267: Organizing Excel Sheets
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Organizing Excel sheets The Cells tab allows you to organize your Excel chart. When placing the components in the sheet, be careful to avoid over-writing needed information, especially when you are using multiple input waveforms. As depicted here, the instrument panel has been pasted over the Excel sheet: There are three arrays of data for the three waveforms: up to two inputs and one output.
Page 268: Trace Descriptors
All subsequent acquisitions will use this scale until you make a change. The scale is taken from the specified cells in the Excel sheet, H2 through H10 in the example From Sheet above, where cell H2 was specified as the top of the data set, as depicted below.
Page 269 X-Stream Operator’s Manual derived from the data of three waveforms, you can have one function with both sources enabled, one with one source enabled, and one with no sources enabled. The alternative is to use one input in each function. Simple Excel Example 1 In this example we use Excel to invert or negate a waveform.
Page 270 Columns D, E and F contain the headers for the three waveforms. These are the set of numbers that provide the description of the scope settings, such as vertical scale and offset, and number of samples. In this figure, the panel has been pasted onto the Excel sheet for comparison: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 271: Simple Excel Example 2
X-Stream Operator’s Manual To get the output values in column C, we set C2 = - A2 and copy this formula down the column. This is the only action needed in Excel, and can be seen in the next figure: Simple Excel Example 2 In this example we use Excel to invert or negate a waveform.
Page 272 The input data is in columns A and B (though by default, only a single input/column is used), and the output is in column C. All have been set to start at row 2 (which allows for a header in row 1). To create this waveform, you would simply do the following: 1.
Page 273 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 3. Choose File, Minimize from the menu bar to minimize the instrument display and open the Excel program. 4. Create your formula for each data point in column A (in this case, our formula for cell C2 is -A2, copied for the entire column), as shown here: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 274 5. Retrigger the scope (if it is not currently triggering) 6. Return to the program Note that the only action that was needed in Excel was to create the formula in column C for each data point in column A. The instrument automatically opens Excel, puts the waveform data in the correct columns, and returns the calculated data back to the display as the chosen F trace.
Page 275: Exponential Decay Time Constant Excel Parameter (Excel Example 1)
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Exponential Decay Time Constant Excel Parameter (Excel Example 1) This example calculates the time constant of an exponentially falling pulse, such as the light output of a phosphor. The first figure shows a typical pulse, including pseudo-random noise, generated by a VBScript. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 276 (1 - t/TC1) -t/TC2 The pulse was generated by a formula of the form e , where TC1 and TC2 are time constants, The requirement is to measure the time constant TC2, using the portion of the trace where TC1 has negligible effect. This was done using Function F1, which is not a part of the measurement process.
Page 277 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Here we see the input data in column B (with a time scale in A) created using the contents of cell F9, Horizontal Per Step. The logarithmic data are in column D, with the time scale repeated in C. The output appears in cell H3, using the formula =1/SLOPE(D21:D51,C21:C51).
Page 278: Gated Parameter Using Excel (Excel Example 2)
Gated Parameter Using Excel (Excel Example 2) This example calculates a parameter of a waveform, in a region of interest defined by the leading edges of two pulses in a separate waveform. This figure shows the instrument screen: The traces were made using VBS scripts in functions F1 and F2, based on pseudo-random numbers to provide noise and varying pulse widths.
Page 279: How Does This Work
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Here we see the gated waveform that has been created in Excel. The Mean parameter during the region of interest (ROI) is placed in cell H3. How Does this Work? The amplitude of the signal is about 0.3 volts, and the screen height is 0.4 volts, as derived from cells F7 and Fx.
Page 280 The noise was generated using pseudo-random numbers. Randomize Timer was included in the VBScript to ensure that the two traces differed, and that subsequent acquisitions differed. Functions F1 and F2 are included only to simulate signals, and are not part of the measurement process, which is performed by F3.
Page 281: Multiple Traces On One Grid (Excel Example 4)
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Multiple Traces on One Grid (Excel Example 4) This example shows how you can place multiple traces in one picture, with only two operations in an Excel sheet. Depicted below is an example from an Excel spreadsheet. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 282 Here is an original instrument trace: The method is very simple. First, the waveform is transferred to an Excel spreadsheet by means of an instrument Excel call. Second, two operations are needed in Excel: placing a simple formula in one cell, and copying that formula into a range of cells. Depicted below is the required Excel formula: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 283 X-Stream Operator’s Manual In fact, the simple expression B374 + 0.02 comprises several components. The original instrument trace is in column B, and the plot is required to start at cell B134. The traces repeat at intervals of 250 cells. Let us call this interval R. If we require a horizontal displacement D, then in cell CN we write B(N + R - D).
Page 284 WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 285: Using A Surface Plot (Excel Example 5)
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Using a Surface Plot (Excel Example 5) WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 286: Writing Vb Scripts
Writing VB Scripts VBScripting is one of the custom features of your instrument. Others include the ability to work with programs such as Excel, Mathcad and MATLAB. Types of Scripts in VBS The instrument's VBS provides two types of script. •...
Page 287 X-Stream Operator’s Manual ' InResult.DataArray(False) provides ' integer data from -32768 to 32767. ' InResult.DataArray(True) provides real data ' in the same physical unit as the vertical scale of the input trace. ScaleFactor = 1.0 / 32768 ' to make the trace fill the screen. For i = 0 To LastPoint newArray(i) = ScaleFactor * (unscaledData(i)) ^ 2 Next...
Page 288 element. OutResult.ValueArray(True) = newArray ' integer data output The default waveform function script: explanatory notes InResult.Samples is the number of points in the incoming waveform. InResult.DataArray(Boolean) (or InResult1.DataArray or InResult2.DataArray) is the array of input data. If the Boolean is True you get scaled real data in the units of the trace. If the Boolean is false you get unscaled integer data in the range -32768 to + 32767.
Page 289 X-Stream Operator’s Manual You can also start with True and convert to False, but in this case overflows will cause an error message. Anything after a single quotation mark on a line will not be used by the instrument. This feature is intended for comments, for example ' This is a comment.
Page 290: The Default Parameter Function Script: Explanatory Notes
For i = 0 To endData - 1 newDataArray (i) = - unscaledData (i) Next OutResult.DataArray (False) = newDataArray _' only support raw data The four highlighted quantities are parts of the interface. The names must be retained. Furthermore, InResult.Samples and InResult.DataArray are inputs, and their values cannot be changed. OutResult.Samples and OutResult.DataArray are outputs, and can be changed, but not directly through their individual elements.
Page 291: Scripting With Vbscript
X-Stream Operator’s Manual You can edit scripts using Notepad, but you will not get any notification of errors. You are not allowed to write OutResult.ValueArray(0) = MeanParameter. InResult.DataArray and OutResult.DataArray are only to be used as shown in the default scripts and in the example scripts.
Page 292: Variable Names
Variable Names Upper and lower case have no significance in VBS, either in variable names or in keywords (the names reserved by the system), but it is a good idea to be consistent about the spelling of a variable name to avoid confusion. At least 36 characters may be used in a variable name. These can include any combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, and the underscore character.
Page 293: Arithmetic Operators
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Next ' End of K loop If a section becomes very long, you could provide the end with a comment, to show where it comes from. Arithmetic Operators As with most other languages, the arithmetic operators are used as follows: Exponentiation A ^ B = A = A raised to the power B...
Page 294: Order Of Calculations
Order of Calculations Operations are performed in the following order: 1. Contents of brackets 2. Exponentiation 3. Division and multiplication 4. Addition and subtraction If there is any doubt as to how the calculation will be done, use brackets. These will also make the order of the calculations clear to any reader of the program, which is desirable if you are to give it to a customer, who will want to know what was intended.
Page 295 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Loop Loop Until ..Loop While Do Until Do While Exit Do ..Loop Loop For . . . Next Exit For GoTo__This is not allowed in instrument VBS. If .
Page 296 A > B A is greater than B A >= B A is greater than B or equal to B A = B A is equal to B A < B A is less than B A <= B A is less than B or equal to B A <>...
Page 297: Summary Of If
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Z = Y End If End If This is equivalent to: If ( (A > 0) And (B > 0) ) Then Z = Y End If Summary of If ..Then ..Else If Boolean Then AnyVBScriptingOnOneLine If Boolean Then AnyVBScriping...
Page 298: Summary Of Select Case
Integers and Strings, where exact values are always obtained. Here is a simple example: Select Case K Case 7 : Y = 6 : Z = 3 Case 7 : Y = Sqr (Sin (A) ) : Z = Sqr (Cos (A) ) Case N : Z = Y + X Case Else : End Select...
Page 299: While
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Loop Until D > Pi Do Until Z < Y AnyVBSCalculation Loop AnyVBSCalculation Loop While D <= Pi Do While Y >=Z AnyVBSCalculation Loop These constructions enable you to make the test before or after the calculation. If before, the calculation might not be done even one time, if the condition for terminating were already true.
Page 300 Next Omega = TwoPi / Period For N = 0 To Period Y (N) = A * Sin (Omega * N) Next Be careful about changing the counting variable in any loop. You can do this to terminate the loop early (but Exit For is better), but you could also prevent it from terminating at all.
Page 301: Vbs Keywords And Functions
X-Stream Operator’s Manual VBS Keywords and Functions The ones in italics do not apply to the instrument. Add two values or concatenate two strings. Subtract two values. Multiply two values. Divide two values. Divide two values to obtain an integer result Make absolute value.
Page 302: Other Vbs Words
Take the natural logarithm of a positive value. Ltrim Remove spaces at the left end of a string. Take or insert some characters in a string. Take the modulus of a value in terms of another value. On Error Take some action if an error occurs. Open Open a file.
Page 303: Functions
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Integer Integer in the range -32768 to + 32767 Long integer in the range -2 to + 2 Long Single Single precision real variable String String variable Logical AND Logical OR To make a bit-by-bit comparison, logical constructions can be used with variables, as in A and B, or with tests such as If A >...
Page 304: Hints And Tips For Vbscripting
Calculates a new seed for the pseudo-random number generator. Randomize Randomize Timer uses the real-time clock for this purpose. Sin (A) calculates the sine of any integer or real number, giving an output that is never greater than +1 or less than -1. Sqr (A) calculates the square root of any integer or a real number that is not negative.
Page 305: Errors
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(Row, Column).Value = B Note that in VBS, after you have corrected an error and clicked on "Apply," the error message may go on flashing for a few seconds, or a few acquisitions, before being erased. Look for the "Script OK"...
Page 306 Missing "Next" Missing "End If" Extra "Next" Missing "Until" etc. This happens because VBS cannot know where you should have put the statement. If at some point during the calculation of an output array, a value goes outside the allowed range, the calculation will stop, and you will see the new values up to the point of the stoppage.
Page 307: Error Handling
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Error Handling Note that the construction OnError GoTo Label: is not allowed in VBS. In fact no GoTos or labels are allowed. Therefore there is no way for you to provide handlers to deal with errors and exceptions.
Page 308: Scripting Ideas
End If Next To do the same thing we could also write this, using the index only once: OldXK = X (0) For K = 1 To Total XK = X (K) If XK > OldXK Then Y = Cos (XK) * Sin (XK) * Sqr (XK) OldXK = XK End If Next...
Page 309: Debugging Scripts
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Debugging Scripts Until we have integrated a more comprehensive debugger for VBScript there is a workaround. 1. Download the Windows Scripting Debugger for Windows 2000 from here: http://download.microsoft.com/download/winscript56/Install/1.0a/NT45XP/EN-US/scd10e n.exe 2. Enable JIT (Just In Time) debugging by setting the following registry key HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows Script\Settings\JITDebug = to 1 (DWORD value) 3.
Page 310: List Of Variables Available To Scripts
InResult.VerticalResolution Double precision Difference between successive possible physical levels in the input waveform OutResultVerticalResolution Double precision Difference between successive possible physical levels in the output waveform 1 / 256 of vertical full scale for channel waveforms 1 / 65536 of vertical full scale for math waveforms InResult.VerticalUnits String...
Page 311: Communicating With Other Programs From A Vbscript
X-Stream Operator’s Manual HorizontalOffset([out, retval] double *pVal); HorizontalOffset([in] double newVal); Sweeps([out, retval] int *pVal); Sweeps([in] int newVal); HorizontalVariances([out, retval] int *pVal); HorizontalVariances([in] int newVal); HorizontalVarianceArray([out, retval] VARIANT * pArray); HorizontalVarianceArray([in] VARIANT array); HorizontalFrameStart([out, retval] double *pVal); HorizontalFrameStart([in] double newVal); HorizontalFrameStop([out, retval] double *pVal); HorizontalFrameStop([in] double newVal); VerticalFrameStart([out, retval] double *pVal);...
Page 312 For K = 0 To LastPoint ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Cells("ExcelRow + K, ExcelColumnA ") = -USD(K) Next Once the data are in Excel, any Excel functions can be applied to the data. The results can be returned to the VB script. For K = 0 To LastPoint NDA(K) = ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Cells("ExcelRow + K, ExcelColumnB") Next Transferring data cell by cell is very slow, so it is better to do a block transfer.
Page 313: Calling Matlab From The Instrument
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Calling MATLAB from the Instrument Calling MATLAB Note: Load MATLAB version 6.5 just as you would on any PC. Once it is loaded, open MATLAB from the desktop, then close it again, before you attempt to open it from the instrument application. This is to update the registry. MATLAB can be directly called from the instrument in two ways: F1 through Fx The number of math traces available depends...
Page 314: The Matlab Waveform Control Panel
Source 1 and Source 2 are the waveforms that MATLAB will use. The MATLAB Waveform Control Panel Once you have invoked a MATLAB waveform call, you will see the zoom dialog at the right of the screen. Touch the MATLAB tab to see a panel like this: Touch Find Scale to make your output fit the grid, or use the text boxes to choose a scale.
Page 315 X-Stream Operator’s Manual This is the default waveform function, with one important change: the semi-colon (;) has been removed from the end of the line. If the semicolon is present, your function will run much faster, because the output values will not be shown in MATLAB Response. With a long waveform, the time needed to display it could be quite long.
Page 316 WformOut(233:377) = WformIn(100:244) This very simple example adds a rescaled copy of Channel 2 to a copy of Channel 1, and then rescales the result. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 317: Matlab Example Waveform Plot
X-Stream Operator’s Manual MATLAB Example Waveform Plot If you touch the MATLAB Plot checkbox you will see a MATLAB plot like this one: WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 318: How To Select A Matlab Parameter Call
How to Select a MATLAB Parameter Call Menu position for MATLAB parameter call in Select Measurement menu. The MATLAB Parameter Control Panel Once you have invoked a MATLAB parameter call, a mini-dialog to the right of the main dialog will appear: You can touch the MATLAB Plot checkbox if you want to see a plot in MATLAB as well as getting WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 319: The Matlab Parameter Editor
X-Stream Operator’s Manual a result in the instrument. The MATLAB Parameter Editor By touching Edit Code, you can reach the MATLAB Editor: This simple example shows the MATLAB function Standard Deviation acting on input channel 1, and the result would be shown in the MATLAB Response pane for an amplitude of 0.15 volt. You can load an existing MATLAB program, using the Load Code button, and you can save the current program, using the Save Code button.
Page 320: Matlab Example Parameter Panel
MATLAB Example Parameter Panel The next example calculates the ratio of the number of data points that are above a given level to the number of points below the level, in this case one half of the amplitude. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 321: Further Examples Of Matlab Waveform Functions
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Further Examples of MATLAB Waveform Functions Negate the input signal. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 322 Square the input signal. Create pulses from a sinusoid. Create pulses at the zero crossings of the signal. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 323: Creating Your Own Matlab Function
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Convolve two signals. Creating your own MATLAB function The procedure is simple. Create a MATLAB function using any text editor, and save it as a MATLAB m-file by giving it a name of the form Filename.m. Call the function using the MATLAB math editor or the MATLAB parameter editor as appropriate.
Page 324 WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 325: Customdso
X-Stream Operator’s Manual CUSTOMDSO Custom DSO Introduction - What is CustomDSO? CustomDSO, in its Basic mode, allows you to create DSO setups that can be called by the touch of a single button. The recalled setups can themselves include calls to other setups. A very simple example would be a toggle between two setups.
Page 326: Customdso Basic Mode
CustomDSO Basic Mode The Basic CustomDSO mode offers eight Action buttons, each of which can call a different setup when touched. The "Action Definition" dialog is used to enter a CustomDSO setup file name by means of the pop-up keyboard. By clicking the checkbox , the eight CustomDSO buttons will continue to be available at the bottom of the screen after you close the CustomDSO...
Page 327 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 1162 CustomDSO.ActionScript1 = “c:\LeCroy\XStream\CustomDSO\A.lss” 1163 CustomDSO.ActionEnable1 = False 1164 CustomDSO.ActionScript1 = “c:\LeCroy\XStream\CustomDSO\B.lss” 1165 CustomDSO.ActionEnable1 = True 1166 CustomDSO.ActionScript1 = “c:\LeCroy\XStream\CustomDSO\C.lss” 1167 CustomDSO.ActionEnable1 = True 1168 CustomDSO.ActionScript1 = “c:\LeCroy\XStream\CustomDSO\A.lss” 1169 CustomDSO.ActionEnable1 = False 1160 CustomDSO = XStreamDSO.CustomDSO 1161 ‘...
Page 328: Creating A Customdso Setup File
If you then touch Yes, the scope will display a file like this: ' XStreamDSO ConfigurationVBScript ... ' Created by CustomDSO ... On Error Resume Next set dso = CreateObject("LeCroy.XStreamDSO.1") ' dso.Display.GridMode = "Dual" ' dso.Acquisition.C1.VerScale = 0.1 ' dso.Acquisition.Horizontal.HorScale = 1e-6 ' dso.Acquisition.TriggerMode = "Auto"...
Page 329 4. Create code for the buttons. A. Double click on the Single button. B. In the resulting code window, insert code to make the following subroutine: Private Sub SingleButton_Click() Dim app as Object Set app = CreateObject(“LeCroy.XStreamApplication”) app.Acquistion.TriggerMode = “Stopped” End Sub Double click on the Auto button.
Page 330: Properties Of The Control And Its Objects
Project1.ocx from the File menu. 7. Install the PlugIn in the instrument. A. Start the instrument. B. Select ActiveDSO in the Analysis Menu. C. Select PlugIns mode. D. Type “Project1.UserControl1” in the “COM ProgID of Plug-In” text box. E. Click the Install button under the text box. 8.
Page 331 X-Stream Operator’s Manual The Tabbed Control (arrow) is not in the basic tool box. To gain access to it, right click in the tool box at left (but not on an icon.) You will see this menu: Now select the Microsoft Tabbed Control as shown below, and click on Apply. The control will be added into the toolbox at the left of the screen, where you can double click on it as usual.
Page 332 The new control is shown below (arrow). The system is very versatile, and you can place controls on the tabs of the Tabbed Control. Look in the properties window to see how you can customize your tabs, as illustrated below. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 333: Removing A Plugin
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Removing a PlugIn To remove a plug-in, click on Remove in the PlugIn dialog, as shown below: Close the CustomDSO dialog and reopen; the plug-in will vanish. First Example PlugIn - Exchanging Two Traces on the Grids The example assumes that the instrument is in dual-grid mode, and that there are at least two visible traces.
Page 334 Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim wm As Object Set wm = CreateObject("LeCroy.XStreamApplication") Set acq = wm.Acquisition ' To save typing Set mat = wm.Math ' To save typing Dim t(16) As Object ‘ Create an array of objects to allow looping.
Page 335 X-Stream Operator’s Manual The next figure shows the Visual Basic Screen just after the Text Box text has been set to “0” in the Properties Window, thus defining the initial value. Here is the result after seven swaps. The counting method could be useful in any routine where numerous operations, such as triggers, have to be performed.
Page 336: Second Example Plugin - Log-Log Fft Plot
Second Example PlugIn - Log-Log FFT Plot A frequent requirement is to plot a frequency spectrum on two logarithmic scales. The instrument provides a vertical scale, so CustomDSO has only to change the horizontal one. Here is an example. The first figure has been truncated on the right side. These examples were made with two different instrument setups: in the second, the FFT was zoomed vertically.
Page 337 Private Sub Command1_Click() Draw a DSO trace on a logarithmic horizontal scale. Dim WM As Object Set WM = CreateObject("LeCroy.XStreamApplication") Dim Samples As Long Samples = WM.Math.F1.Out.Result.Samples Samples = Samples - 1 ' Make it a round number.
Page 338: Control Variables In Customdso
Next X End Sub Here is an example showing a simple one-pole roll-off compared to a curve. Control Variables in CustomDSO The simplest way to select variables for use in CustomDSO is to use LeCroy’s X-Stream Browser. WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 339: Labnotebook
LABNOTEBOOK Introduction to LabNotebook LeCroy's LabNotebook feature extends the documentation capabilities of your scope. It allows you to create an annotated notebook entry containing all displayed waveforms, the setup of the scope, and user-supplied annotation. The notebook entry can then be converted to hardcopy format -- pdf, rtf, or html -- and printed or e-mailed.
Page 340: E-Mail Setup
E-mail Setup You can e-mail just the pdf or html report; or, you can include additional files: trace data (.trc) for each waveform in the report, a screen dump, a scope setup file, and an xml report record. Touch the checkbox to enable the extra report segments.
Page 341 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 2. Touch inside the Title field and enter a title, using the pop-up keyboard. Then touch inside the Description field and enter a description, if desired, and touch Close. The notebook entry will display your waveforms in "print colors," that is, on a white background to save printer ink, if you selected that option in notebook Preferences.
Page 342 When you touch More, a Custom box opens with the default color yellow displayed. Touch the yellow button to open the full color palette: When you have chosen a custom color, touch Add to Custom Colors; the color will appear in the Custom Colors palette: Then touch the color to enable it, and touch OK.
Page 343: Recalling Notebook Entries
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Touch Undo to discard the last object drawn. The Move Toolbar button enables you to place the toolbar anywhere on the screen. Touch the button a second time to return it to its original fixed location. Touch Done when you are finished annotating the notebook entry. The name of the entry will appear in the list box in the "LabNotebook"...
Page 344: Creating A Report
1. Select the notebook entry from the list box. 2. Touch Flashback. 3. To exit Flashback, touch the Undo Flashback button in the top-right corner of the screen, or press the Auto trigger button. Note: The flashback feature currently recalls the scope setup, and all displayed waveforms. Some forms of ‘result data’ are not recalled, including: a.
Page 345: Creating The Report
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 1. Touch the Filter button search dialog box opens. 2. Touch inside the Day, Month, and Year fields and enter a date. Or touch inside the Keyword field and enter a keyword or phrase. 3. Touch Find Now. Only the entries fitting the date or keyword criteria will now appear in the list box.
Page 346: Formatting The Report
If you select E-Mail, the report will be sent immediately to the e-mail address configured in Utilities Preferences. Formatting the Report LeCroy provides a default report format (template); however, you can use your own format, including company logo. 1. Touch the Advanced tab.
Page 347: Managing Notebook Entry Data
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Note: If you elect to use your own logo bit map, do not use a bit map larger than 180 pixels (height) x 100 pixels (width). Managing Notebook Entry Data Adding Annotations You can add annotations to your notebook entry at any time. 1.
Page 348: To Start A New Database
To Select a Database for Backup or Compression 1. Touch the Advanced tab. 2. Touch the Browse button. A navigation window opens. Navigate to the database you want to work on Touch Compact to reduce the size of a database. This function "defragments" the notebook after a large amount of entries have been deleted.
Page 349: Dda
X-Stream Operator’s Manual DDA Front Panel Controls The front panel of the DDA is similar to that of other X-Stream scopes except for the substitution of the Drive Analysis button for the Default Setup button. When you press the Drive Analysis button, you gain access to the Drive Analysis setup dialogs: To recall the default setup on a DDA, press the Save/Recall front panel button, then select the "Recall Setup"...
Page 350: Automated Dda Measurements
• Disk Drive Parameters: amplitude symmetry local time over threshold auto correlation s/n local time trough-peak local base local time under threshold local baseline separation narrow band phase local maximum narrow band power local minimum non-linear transition shift local number overwrite local peak-peak pulse width 50...
Page 351: Advanced Dda Analysis
X-Stream Operator’s Manual local time at maximum rsnr local time peak-trough track average amplitude local time over threshold track average amplitude- local time trough-peak track average amplitude+ Advanced DDA Analysis • Head Filter/Equalizer Emulation • Channel Emulation • SAM Histograms •...
Page 352: What Channel Analysis Provides
occur. Head signals for PRML channels have complex waveshapes, which are very difficult or even impossible to analyze by visual inspection. Analysis of these signals with an oscilloscope is often limited to looking for gross abnormalities such as significant thermal asperities or dropouts of sufficient duration.
Page 353: With Or Without Reference
X-Stream Operator’s Manual signal equalization, automatic gain control (AGC), phase lock loop (PLL), sampling, and Viterbi detection. For each PRML sample, a quality sequenced amplitude margin (SAM) benchmark is determined. The lower the value of SAM the greater the difficulty for the drive channel to produce the right data value for that sample, and the less margin there will be.
Page 354: Stop On Sam
when the signal quality is so poor that an incorrect data value would be selected by the DDA's Viterbi detector. Stop On SAM The second selection mode of operation is Stop on SAM. When this mode is enabled, the DDA is placed in what is essentially a test mode for PRML signal quality based on SAM.
Page 355 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Analyzer Reference Manual for more information. 4. Turn on and configure the method selected: Once a channel analysis method is selected, it needs to be configured and turned on. 5. Review the problems the DDA identifies: Review the head signal areas that the DDA identifies as having the poorest quality or differences from a reference.
Page 356: Measure's Drive Parameters
Measure’s Drive Parameters The buttons accessed via the "Measure" tab allow quick and convenient setup of the most common sets of measurements made on a head signal. These include: • Track Average Amplitude (TAA), PW50 • Amplitude Asymmetry, PW50+, PW50-, Baseline Separation, and TAA •...
Page 357 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Reference for guidelines on using a Reference. 5. Touch the Trace On checkbox to turn the Head Signal on. 6. Touch inside the Read Gate field and select a source from the pop-up menu. The choices include Ref and none. Read Gate If the Read Gate signal is connected to a DDA-5005A channel and specified, it will be used to determine the regions of the signal to be analyzed.
Page 358: Channel Setup
15. To jump to a "worst SAM" area, after channel emulation, touch inside the Worst Error # field and enter a value from 1 to 100, using the pop-up numeric keypad. Channel Setup 1. Touch the Channel Setup tab: The Channel Setup buttons and data entry fields appear. 2.
Page 359 X-Stream Operator’s Manual 3. Touch inside the Code Rate field and make a selection from the pop-up menu: If you select Custom, also touch inside the Custom m/n data entry field and enter new m and n values, using the pop-up keyboard. See PRML Encoding in "PRML Channel Emulation"...
Page 360: Setting Up Analog Compare
8. Touch inside the Ignore Last Samples field and enter a value from 0 to 999. 9. Touch the Filter head signal checkbox to enable filtering of the head signal; then touch the Train Filter button to automatically set up equalization on the currently acquired head signal.
Page 361: Channel Setup
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 3. Touch the Analog Compare button . The Analog Compare setup checkbox, buttons, and data entry fields appear. 4. Touch inside the Head Signal field and select a signal source from the pop-up menu. The choices comprise channel inputs C1-C4, math traces F1-F8, memories M1-M4, or Reference.
Page 362 3. Touch the Noise Analysis button. The Noise Analysis setup checkbox, buttons, and data entry field appear. 4. Touch inside the Head Signal field and select a signal source from the pop-up menu. The choices comprise channel inputs C1-C4, math traces F1-F8, memories M1-M4, or Reference.
Page 363: Setting Up Disk Triggers
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Setting Up Disk Triggers Read Gate Read Gate triggers on a pulse of a specified minimum width on the Read Gate source. To set it up, proceed as follows: 1. Press the DDA's front panel Drive Analysis button .
Page 364: Servo Gate
to complete this setup. 4. Touch inside the Trigger On Sector x after Index data entry field and enter a value from 0 to 999 using the pop-up numeric keypad. 5. Touch inside the Sector Pulse Source field and select an input channel or external source from the pop-up menu.
Page 365: Setting Up Zoom
X-Stream Operator’s Manual 10. Touch inside the Index Level field and enter a value from 250 mV to 250 mV using the pop-up numeric keypad. Setting Up Zoom You can zoom on a particular segment and byte of your signal as follows. 1.
Page 366: Dda Reference Information
DDA REFERENCE INFORMATION Channel Analysis Concepts The purpose of Channel Analysis is to find signal quality problems in the head signal. Thus both methods used by the DDA --- Channel Emulation and Analog Compare --- require that you first specify the DDA channel or memory on which the head signal is to be carried. The instrument utilizes the head signal and, optionally, the Read Gate and the Analyze Region cursors to determine which part of the head signal will be analyzed.
Page 367: Selecting The Waveform Section To Be Analyzed
X-Stream Operator’s Manual (horizontal lines) are displayed in the "after" picture. The ML Markers indicate the location of the ideal PRML sample values based on the DDA’s channel emulation. The Level Markers indicate the vertical position of the PRML levels based on the amplitude of the acquired PRML signal. Selecting the Waveform Section to Be Analyzed For the Analog Compare and Channel Emulation channel analysis methods, you can specify selective areas of the head signal for analysis by using the Analyze Region cursors or the drive’s...
Page 368 If Analyze Region is enabled and Read Gate is not available, only the area of the Head Signal within the region is analyzed, as shown in Case 3. Case 3: Only the area within the Region is analyzed If neither the markers nor Read Gate are enabled, the entire Head Signal is analyzed (Case 4). WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 369: Dda Markers
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Case 4: The entire head signal is analyzed DDA Markers If Read Clock is acquired by the DDA, the "sample time" markers can be drawn. Because the phase relation of RCLK to the head signal is not known, it is adjustable. It is worth noting here that the ML markers are at positions determined by the instrument's channel emulation;...
Page 370: Selecting The Reference Waveform
There are additional considerations for each of these choices. If you choose to analyze a part of a single Read Gate cycle, it is important that it include the VCO Synch signal. Because it will be difficult to set up a reference signal if it is less than a single Read Gate cycle, it is recommended that this not be done with either the Analog Compare or Channel Emulation methods.
Page 371: Time/Div Settings
X-Stream Operator’s Manual differences between the reference and acquired signals due to the presence of the scrambler and not because real problems exist. If a scrambler is not present, it is reasonable to use other drive sections from the same zone as a reference. The head signal can be stored as a reference simply in order to have a stored trace automatically overlapped with later acquisitions.
Page 372: Automatically Shown Traces
Compare will have to be used then. The SMART Trigger can be set up as outlined above, except that the bottom Qualify by: field should be set to time greater than , and the amount of time from index to just before the data of interest should be entered. This can be used to look at a particular servo burst, for example.
Page 373: Analog Compare
X-Stream Operator’s Manual • Is the byte position of the error known? • Is a reference signal easily available? • Is the error repetitive or intermittent? Recommendations on the appropriateness of each analysis method are provided below. Analog Compare Analog Compare is the most general of the channel analysis methods, since it can be applied to all parts of the head signal, including VCO Synch, servo burst and data field.
Page 374: Channel Emulation Without Reference
has a reference "correct" path and will catch differences even if both the reference and the comparison acquisition are high quality PRML signals. For Channel Emulation with a reference, the SAM values can be negative, indicating that a different decision was made (less than 0 margin to the "correct"...
Page 375 X-Stream Operator’s Manual the time the channel sampled the head signal. If the "+" signs are all very close to the waveform, the signal is good. If the "+" signs are not close to the waveform, the signal may not be good. The ML markers do not appear if more than 500 are needed on the display.
Page 376: Notes On Using Channel Emulation Without Reference
field is required for Channel Emulation, and it is normally present in the head signal in every block just after Read Gate goes true, it is recommended that Read Gate be used. If Read Gate is not present, the entire waveform will be used unless the Analyze Region cursors are enabled.
Page 377: Channel Emulation With Reference
X-Stream Operator’s Manual transitions are allowed. When d=1, adjacent transitions are not permitted. For E2PR4 it can also be set to d=2. A non-zero d eliminates several possible sequence choices (states and transitions in the Viterbi detector). If set to 1 when it should be 0, Channel Emulation without Reference will almost certainly detect a large number of "errors."...
Page 378 Note: Unless a drive is in a diagnostic mode (direct write), data is scrambled and encoded when written. In the drive, after the Viterbi detector finds the bit pattern that was written, the bit pattern is decoded and de-scrambled to recover the user data.
Page 379: Notes On Using Channel Emulation With Reference
X-Stream Operator’s Manual • Adjacent Transitions (d): Corresponds to the "d" in RLL code specified as m/n(d,k) --- "d" is the minimum number of non-transitions between transitions. If d=0 then adjacent transitions are allowed. If d=1, then adjacent transitions are not permitted. For E2PR4 this field can also be set to d=2.
Page 380: Using Analog Compare
containing many. It is not possible to compare a split sector with an unsplit or differently split sector. Using Analog Compare This method compares a reference signal to subsequent acquisitions and looks for large changes in the waveform. It is a general purpose test method that can be applied to finding errors in practically any signal, including VCO Synchronization fields, data and servo-information.
Page 381: Notes On Using Head/Analog Compare
X-Stream Operator’s Manual signal for analysis. Bit Cell Time: If specified, will be used to determine window size for comparison, otherwise a default value is used. Code Rate: If provided, this is used to determine the size of an encoded byte, which is needed in determining the window size for Analog Compare.
Page 382: Local Feature Concepts
possible to store a reference of a single sector and compare it to subsequent acquisitions containing multiple sectors. It is also not possible to compare a split sector to an unsplit or differently split sector. The reference and the acquisition must basically match. Local Feature Concepts Overview The term "local feature computation"...
Page 383: Peak-Trough Identification
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Peak-Trough Identification The key to identifying peak-trough pairs is the ability to discriminate between real pairs and false ones. For example, noise in a signal can be mistaken for a local feature, as here: Similarly, ‘bumps’ in a waveform may also be mistaken for peak-trough pairs. In order to avoid such misidentification, a hysteresis argument is provided for many local feature parameters.
Page 384 The baselines are found by locating a point at which the waveform ‘rests’ between the peak and trough and peak. These resting points are identified by statistically measuring the area of least change in voltage value between the peak and trough or trough and peak, with internal tolerance levels set to ensure against false baseline identification.
Page 385: Setting Hysteresis
X-Stream Operator’s Manual The following table summarizes the determination of the local baseline and its separation when the local feature is and is not the last identified before the right parameter cursor: Local baseline and local baseline separation if last local feature Baseline identified Local Baseline Baseline Separation...
Page 386 lmin minimum value of local feature lnum number of local features displayed local feature’s peak-to-trough amplitude ltbe time between peak-to-trough or trough-to-peak ltbp local feature’s time between peaks ltbt local feature’s time between troughs ltmn time of local feature’s minimum value time of local feature’s maximum value ltmx ltot...
Page 387: Local Feature Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Local Feature Parameters lbase Local Base Definition The value of the baseline for a local feature. Description The average value of the local baselines for all local features between the parameter cursors is displayed as lbase. For histograms, each individual baseline value for all local features between the parameter cursors is provided.
Page 388 lbsep Local Baseline Separation Definition The value of the baseline separation for a local feature. Description The average value of the separation of the two baselines used to calculate a local baseline is displayed for all local features between the parameter cursors.
Page 389 X-Stream Operator’s Manual lmax Local Maximum Definition The maximum value of a local feature. Description The maximum value of all local features between the parameter cursors is determined, and the average value is displayed as lmax. For histograms, the maximum value of each local feature between the parameter cursors is provided.
Page 390 lmin Local Minimum Definition The minimum value of a local feature. Description The minimum value of all the local features between the parameter cursors is determined, and the average value is displayed as lmin. For histograms, the minimum value of each local feature between the parameter cursors is provided.
Page 391 X-Stream Operator’s Manual lnum Local Number Definition The number of local features in the input waveform. Description The number of local features between the parameter cursors is determined and displayed as lnum. One value of lnum each sweep is provided for histograms. Parameter Settings Selecting this parameter from the Measure menus prompts you for a hysteresis setting, which allows you to set the hysteresis value to a specified number of vertical divisions.
Page 392 Local Peak-to-Peak Definition The vertical difference between the peak and trough for a local feature. Description The peak-to-trough voltage difference is determined for all local features in a waveform, and the average is displayed as lpp. Provided for histograms is the peak-to-peak value of each local feature between the parameter cursors.
Page 393 X-Stream Operator’s Manual ltbe Local Time Between Events Definition The time between a local feature peak and trough or a local feature trough and the next local feature peak. Description Events are defined as either peaks or troughs. The average time between successive events in a waveform is displayed as ltbe.
Page 394 ltbp Local Time Between Peaks Definition The time between a local feature peak and the next local feature peak. Description The average of the time between successive local feature peaks is determined, and its value displayed as ltbp. Provided for histograms are the times between successive peaks for all peaks between the parameter cursors.
Page 395 X-Stream Operator’s Manual ltbt Local Time Between Troughs Definition The time between a local trough and the next local trough. Description The average of the time between successive troughs is determined, and its value displayed as ltbt. Provided for histograms are the times between successive troughs for all troughs between the parameter cursors.
Page 396 ltmn Local Time at Minimum Definition The time of the minimum value of a local feature. Description The time of the minimum value of the first local feature in a waveform after the left parameter cursor is determined. The time is returned as ltmn. Provided for histograms are all times for local feature minimums between the parameter cursors.
Page 397 X-Stream Operator’s Manual ltmx Local Time at Maximum Definition The time of the maximum value of a local feature. Description The time of the maximum value of the first local feature in a waveform, after the left parameter cursor, is determined and returned as ltmx. Provided for histograms are all times for local feature maximums between the cursors.
Page 398 ltpt Local Time Peak-to-Trough Definition The time between a local feature peak and trough. Description The average of the time between all local feature peaks and troughs is displayed as ltpt. Provided for histograms are the times between peak-trough pairs for all local features between the parameter cursors. Parameter Settings Selecting this parameter from the Measure menus prompts you for a hysteresis setting, which allows you to set the hysteresis value to a specified number of vertical divisions.
Page 399 X-Stream Operator’s Manual ltot Local Time Over Threshold Definition The time a local feature spends over a user specified percentage of its peak-to-trough amplitude. Description The peak-to-trough height of a local feature is measured. The time the local feature spends over a user specified percent of the peak-to-trough height is then determined.
Page 400 lttp Local Time Trough-to-Peak Definition The time between a local-feature trough and the next local-feature peak. Description The average of the time between all local feature troughs and the following local feature peak is displayed as lttp. Provided for histograms are the times between trough and following peak for all local features between the parameter cursors.
Page 401 X-Stream Operator’s Manual ltut Local Time Under Threshold Definition The time a local feature spends under a user-specified percentage of its peak-to-trough amplitude. Description The peak-to-trough height of a local feature is measured. The time the local feature spends under a user-specified percentage of this height is determined, and the average for all the waveform’s local features is displayed as ltut.
Page 402: Disk Standard Parameters
Disk Standard Parameters These parameters enable standard disk drive waveform parameter measurements. These parameters are accessible by touching Measure in the menu bar, then touching the My Measure button, and then a parameter button: P1 to P8. DISK STANDARD PARAMETER DEFINITION aasym amplitude asymmetry between taa+ and taa-...
Page 403 X-Stream Operator’s Manual ampl asym Amplitude Asymmetry Definition aasym = 1 [ |(taa+ - taa-)| / (taa+ + taa-)] Description For a perfectly symmetric waveform, aasym=1. If any one side of the waveform is missing, aasym=0. Parameter Settings Selecting this parameter displays a hysteresis-dialog for setting the hysteresis value to a specified number of vertical divisions.
Page 404 nbph Narrow Band Phase Definition Provides a measurement of the phase at a specific frequency for a waveform. Description nbph is the phase of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) computed on a waveform at a specific frequency. The result is the phase of the corresponding frequency sine wave component of the waveform at the first data point between the parameter cursors.
Page 405 X-Stream Operator’s Manual nbpw Narrow Band Power Definition Provides a measurement of the power at a specific frequency for a waveform. Description nbpw is the magnitude of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) computed on a waveform at a specific frequency. nbpw calculates one bin of a DFT centered at the frequency provided.
Page 406 owrt Overwrite Definition The ratio of residual to original power of a low-frequency disk waveform overwritten by a higher frequency waveform. Description owrt measures the residual power of a low-frequency LF waveform after it has been overwritten by a high-frequency HF waveform. The LF waveform should be stored to memory (M1-M4).
Page 407 X-Stream Operator’s Manual pw50 Pulse Width 50 Definition The average pulse width at the 50% point between a local baseline and the local-feature peak, and between the local baseline and the local feature-trough. Description All local features between the parameter cursors for an input waveform are identified.
Page 408 pw50+ Pulse Width 50+ Definition The average pulse width at the 50% point between the local feature baseline and the local feature peak. Description All local features between the parameter cursors for an input waveform are identified. The local baseline is identified for each feature, and the height between the local baseline and peak is determined.
Page 409 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Description All local features between the parameter cursors for an input waveform are identified. The local baseline-to-trough amplitude is determined for each feature, and the average is returned as taa. Provided for histograms is the local baseline-to-trough amplitude for each local feature between the parameter cursors.
Page 410: Disk Prml Parameters
Disk PRML Parameters These enable parameter measurements of auto-correlation signal-to-noise (ACSN) and non-linear transition shift (NLTS). The calculation of both parameters is based on a correlation math function. • ACSN can be applied to any periodic waveform. Since these waveforms are by definition identical in every period, any deviation is due to uncorrelated noise sources.
Page 411 X-Stream Operator’s Manual where Corr is the i sample point (starting from 0) of the correlation waveform, wave1 is the j sample of the first waveform, wave2 is the second input waveform (wave1 in an auto-correlation), is a section of a waveform from sample a to sample b. The upper bound N in the summations determines the length (length is N+1 sample points, since the first sample is point 0) of the waveform sections on which the correlation calculation is performed.
Page 412 acsn Auto-Correlation Signal-to-Noise Definition Provides a signal-to-noise ratio for periodic waveforms. Description Using the DDA’s correlation function, acsn provides a measurement of the auto-correlation signal-to-noise for a repetitive waveform. At least two waveform repetitions need to be acquired in order to calculate acsn. In addition, the period of the waveform must be specified.
Page 413 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Parameter When you select acsn from the PRML dialog's With parameter field (D RIVE Settings Measure Parameter Set PRML) an acsn Pattern Length field NALYSIS appears also. The pattern length should be set as an integral number of waveform periods, and must be at least 50 samples at the DDA’s sample rate.
Page 414 Cycles in One Pattern Pattern Length (Seconds) ACSN Length 5.00E-8 27.54 dB 6.25E-8 26.97 dB 7.50E-8 26.78 dB 8.75E-8 26.57 dB 1.000E-7 26.47 dB 1.125E-7 26.41 dB 1.250E-7 26.30 dB As ACSN readings get higher, small amounts of noise cause greater changes in dB.
Page 415 X-Stream Operator’s Manual nlts Non-Linear Transition Shift Definition Provides a measurement of the nonlinear transition shift for a disk drive signal. Description Using the DDA’s correlation function, nlts measures the nonlinear transition (adjacent location) shift. At least two full cycles of the test sequence are required for the auto-correlation.
Page 416 #Pattern nlts Standard ACSN Repetitions Deviation 26 dB 0.44 % 0.28 % 0.20 % 23 dB 0.59 % 0.32 % 0.26 % 20 dB 0.65 % 0.42 % 0.28 % 17 dB 1.08 % 0.57 % 0.35 % WM-OM-E Rev I...
Page 417 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Parameter When you select nlts from the PRML dialog's With parameter field (D RIVE Settings Measure Parameter Set PRML) an nlts Pattern Length field NALYSIS and pattern Delay field appear also. You can adjust the mantissa, exponent or number of mantissa digits using the pop-up numeric keypad.
Page 418 The PRS data must correspond to the transitions on the media. This means it must be written in direct write mode; it must not be scrambled or encoded. NLTS calculated by correlation techniques and by the fifth harmonic elimination techniques do correlate, but they are not identical. Fifth harmonic elimination uses a pattern including only dibits and widely spaced transitions.
Page 419: Noise Parameters
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Noise Parameters Disk noise parameters enable parameter measurements of media signal-to-noise (msnr), residual (electronics) signal-to-noise (rsnr), and the ratio of media to residual signal-to-noise (m_to_r). The calculation of all three parameters is based on the distribution of the averaged Viterbi input samples.
Page 420 msnr Media Signal-to-Noise Ratio Definition Provides a signal-to-noise ratio for single-frequency, sector-based waveforms. Description Granularity in magnetic media produces zigzag transitions. The exact location of the zigzags changes from write to write causing media noise (also known as zigzag noise). During read operations, the read head effectively averages across the track the location of all the zigzags.
Page 421 X-Stream Operator’s Manual rsnr Residual Signal-to-Noise Ratio Definition Provides a residual signal-to-noise ratio for single-frequency, sector-based waveforms. Description Residual noise is the random noise present on a disk drive signal from read to read. By using single-frequency data, the algorithm is able to focus on the peaks, zero-crossings, and the troughs.
Page 422: Prml Channel Emulation
PRML Channel Emulation This introduction to PRML and its concepts explains the role of the PRML channel chip components. It describes how the Channel Emulation feature of the Disk Drive Analyzer works together with them using equalization, clock and gain recovery, maximum likelihood detection, sequenced amplitude margin, and encoding and error detection.
Page 423: Principle Of Equalization
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Density of Samples per pw50 Peak Detect PRML 1.65 EPR4 E2PR4 2.31 However, the higher order PRML schemes need very complex circuits and decoders. While the Class IV partial response (PR4) system works with three vertical levels of samples, extended partial response 4 (E2PR4) has seven levels, and requires not only a higher resolution of ADC, but a complicated timing and gain recovery circuit and sophisticated ML detector as well.
Page 424: Db Frequency
run the Viterbi detector on the filtered waveform fifteen to twenty times. While the filter training is in progress, a message is displayed showing the last boost and -3 dB settings and the mean of the 100 worst SAM values at that setting. The result of training is a close approximation to the best settings for our digital version of a CTAF on the current acquisition, using the current setup of the FIR.
Page 425: Group Delay
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Group Delay The delay through the filter of the lowest frequencies can be adjusted. The normal setting is 0.0% adjustment; that is, flat response. This is used to compensate for group delay distortion before the filter. Group delay setting is unaffected by Train Filter. The digital implementation of our equalizing filter does not have perfectly flat group delay.
Page 426: Resampling Adc
Resampling ADC Because the DDA data is already digital, this simply interpolates between DDA samples to produce a digital value at the channel sample time. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) In addition to the continuous time analog filter (CTAF), there is normally an FIR filter following the analog-to-digital converter at the PRML channel’s sample rate.
Page 427: Automatic Gain Control (Agc)
X-Stream Operator’s Manual Automatic Gain Control (AGC) The phase and gain steering algorithm in the DDA’s channel emulation (AGC) will adjust for changes in the signal after VCO Synch. Read gate tells us where to start looking at the VCO Synch. Phase is essentially the timing of when a sample is taken, while gain is the levels that are being searched for as +1 and -1.
Page 428: Pll And Agc
PLL and AGC The sample, phase-steering (PLL) and gain adjust (AGC, level computation) work together, one sample at a time. They are used to compute sampled data for input to the Viterbi detector. ML Detector Samples on the output of the ADC ideally have a small number of levels: {1,0,+1} for the PR4 system, for example.
Page 429: Encoding
User Defined Trellis File Format and Language (version 1) This feature allows you to define the trellis used by the Viterbi detector in the LeCroy DDA's channel emulation. The file specifies the target levels and all possible transitions. You can also specify many significant aspects of our emulated channel, including the proportional (phase) and integral (period) gain on the clock steering control loop, the AGC gain, adjustment limits, etc.
Page 430: Loading Your Udt File Remotely
The first characters in the file must be USER DEFINED VITERBI TRELLIS FOR LECROY DDA. If the string USER DEFINED VITERBI TRELLIS FOR LECROY DDA is not seen at the start of the file, the file is not parsed, and any previously loaded user definition is left undisturbed. The message "Header not found at start of file - read aborted"...
Page 431 X-Stream Operator’s Manual Keywords keyword: // arguments: none required?: no Notes: 1. // begins a comment. After // the rest of the line, up to line feed, is ignored. 2. // need not be followed by a space. keyword: AGC_GAIN arguments: <value, 0 to 0.125>...
Page 432 keyword: MAX_LEVEL_ADJ arguments: <value from 0.0 to 1.0> required?: no Notes: This sets a hard limit on the maximum change in an expected level due to steering from one sample. Setting this value to 1.0, or near that value, makes the limit irrelevant. The DDA uses 0.0625 for PR4, 0.03125 for EPR4, and 0.020833 for E2PR4.
Page 433 X-Stream Operator’s Manual keyword: PLL_INTEG_GAIN arguments: <value 0 to 1e-10> required?: no Notes: The value is multiplied by a code difference from the expected level times slope. The result is to produce a period correction as a fraction of bit cell time. The DDA uses 4e-11 for PR4, EPR4 and E2PR4.
Page 434 keyword: STATE arguments: <which state> 0 to STATES minus 1 <previous state from 0> 0 to STATES minus 1 (or 100, see below) <expected sample level from 0> -1 to 1 <previous state from 1> 0 to STATES minus 1 (or 100, see below) <expected sample level from 1>...
Page 435 X-Stream Operator’s Manual keyword: STEERING_LATENCY arguments: <value 0 to 10> required?: no Notes: The DDA's channel emulation uses decision directed steering. This means that the PLL and AGC are not determined based on the nearest level to each sample. Instead, we wait STEERING_LATENCY samples and then steer based on what the sample should have been according to the Viterbi detector.
Page 436: Example File
An example of a user definition equivalent to E2PR4 (d=0) follows. This file was named E2PR4.UDF: USER DEFINED VITERBI TRELLIS FOR LECROY DDA // a comment can go here // The above line is required exactly as shown or the file will be rejected!
Page 437 X-Stream Operator’s Manual STATE -0.66667 12 STATE -0.33333 12 -0.66667 STATE 10 5 0 13 -0.33333 STATE 11 5 0.33333 13 STATE 12 6 -0.66667 14 STATE 13 6 -0.33333 14 -0.66667 STATE 14 7 0 15 -0.33333 STATE 15 7 0.33333 15 LEVELS 7 TOP_LEVEL_AS_FRACTION_OF_PEAK 1.06045 // nominal 1 / peak height in vco sync...

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