ABB REF 610 Technical Reference Manual
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. ABB Manuals
  4. Relays
  5. RELION REF610
  6. Technical reference manual

ABB REF 610 Technical Reference Manual

Feeder protection relay
Hide thumbs Also See for REF 610:
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

See also: Operator's Manual , Technical Reference Manual
REF 610
Feeder Protection Relay
Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Related Manuals for ABB REF 610

Summary of Contents for ABB REF 610

  • Page 1 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    4.1.4.6. Circuit-breaker failure protection ......26 4.1.4.7. Arc protection .............27 4.1.4.8. Auto-reclose function .........28 4.1.4.9. Inverse definite minimum time characteristics ...34 4.1.4.10.Settings ..............46 4.1.4.11.Technical data on protection functions ....58 4.1.5. Trip-circuit supervision .............63 © Copyright 2004 ABB, Distribution Automation, Allentown, PA...
  • Page 4 5.1.1. Fast tripping and initiation of shot 1 using two protection stages ............139 5.1.2. Fast tripping and initiation of shot 1 using pickup signals 140 5.1.3. Selecting adaptive sequence length ......141 5.2. Arc protection ................142 5.2.1. Arc protection with one REF 610 relay ......142...
  • Page 5 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 5.2.2. Arc protection with several REF 610 relays ....144 5.2.3. Arc protection with several REF 610 relays and one REA 101 ..............145 6. Ordering information ............146 7. Revision History of REF 610 ..........148 7.1.

  • Page 6: Introduction

    Interface (MMI), and to the Installation Manual for installation of the relay. 1.2. The use of the relay The feeder protection relay REF 610 is a versatile multifunction protection relay mainly designed to protect incoming and outgoing feeders in a wide range of feeder applications.
  • Page 7 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version • Trip lockout function • Four accurate current inputs • User-selectable rated frequency 50/60 Hz • Three normally open trip output contacts • Two change-over (Form C) non-trip output contacts and three additional change over (Form C) non-trip output contacts on the optional I/O module •...

  • Page 8: Warranty

    Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version • Battery charge supervision • Continuous self-supervision of electronics and software. • Detachable plug-in unit 1.4. Warranty Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative. 1.5. Revision history Version Date Remarks Jan.

  • Page 9: Safety Information

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Safety information Dangerous voltages can occur on the connectors, even though the auxiliary voltage has been disconnected. National and local electrical safety regulations must always be followed.

  • Page 10: Instructions

    The pickup signals can be used for blocking co-operating protection relays and signalling. Fig. 3.3.-1 and Fig. 3.3.-2 represent REF 610 with the default configuration: all trip signals are routed to trip the circuit breaker. In Fig. 3.3.-1, the residual current is measured via a core-balance current transformer and the output contacts are connected to enable the use of the auto-reclose function.
  • Page 11 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Fig. 3.3.-1 Connection diagram, example 1...
  • Page 12 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Fig. 3.3.-2 Connection diagram, example 2...

  • Page 13: Technical Description

    Functional description 4.1.1. Product functions 4.1.1.1. Protection functions The protection functions of REF 610 with their IEC symbols and IEEE device numbers are presented in the table below: Table 4.1.1.1-1 IEC symbols and IEEE device numbers IEEE Device Function description...

  • Page 14: Outputs

    4.1.1.3. Outputs REF 610 is provided with three trip outputs (PO1, PO2 and PO3), two non-trip outputs (SO1 and SO2) and three optional non-trip outputs (SO3, SO4 and SO5). Switchgroups SGR1...8 are used for routing internal signals from the protection elements, the external trip signal and signals from the auto-reclose function to the desired non-trip or trip output.

  • Page 15: Time Synchronization

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version INTERNAL FAULT FAULT CODE :30 Fig. 4.1.1.7.-1 Permanent IRF In case of a warning, the relay will continue to operate with full or reduced functionality and the green target LED (ready) will remain lit as during normal operation.

  • Page 16: Measurements

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Time synchronization is always triggered on the rising edge of the digital input signal. The time is adjusted in steps of five milliseconds per synchronization pulse. The typical accuracy achievable with time synchronization via a digital input is +2.5...-2.5 milliseconds for second-pulse and +5...-5 milliseconds for minute-pulse...
  • Page 17 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Fig. 4.1.3.-1 Signal diagram...

  • Page 18: Protection

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version The functions of the relay are selected with the switches of switchgroups SGF, SGB, SGR and SGL. The checksums of the switchgroups are found under SETTINGS in the HMI menu.

  • Page 19: Overcurrent Protection

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 4.1.4.2. Overcurrent protection The non-directional overcurrent protection detects overcurrent caused by phase-to- phase and phase-to-ground short circuits. When one or several phase currents exceed the set pickup value of the low-set element, 51P, the element will generate a pickup signal after a ~ 55 ms.

  • Page 20: Ground-Fault Protection

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Element 50P-2 can be set out of operation in SGF3. This state will be indicated by dashes on the LCD and by “999” when the set pickup value is read via serial communication.

  • Page 21: Thermal Protection For Cables

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version It is possible to block the tripping of an ground-fault element by applying a digital input signal to the relay. Note! Elements 51N and 50N can be set to be blocked by the auto-reclose function.
  • Page 22 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.4-1 Thermal level at constant currents Thermal level (%) I/FLA 22.7 When the thermal capacity exceeds the trip level, the element will generate a trip signal. The operate time, i.e. the time from when the element picks up until it trips, is determined by the time constant, τ, and depends on the cable (cable cross section...
  • Page 23 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 100000 10000 1000 t[min] 1.05 CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF FULL LOAD CURRENT SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.4.-1 Trip curves when no prior load...
  • Page 24 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 100000 10000 1000 t[min] 1.05 CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF FULL LOAD CURRENT SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.4.-2 Trip curves at prior load 0.7 x FLA...
  • Page 25 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 100000 10000 1000 t[min] 1.05 CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF FULL LOAD CURRENT SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.4.-3 Trip curves at prior load 1 x FLA...

  • Page 26: Phase Discontinuity Protection

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 4.1.4.5. Phase discontinuity protection Phase discontinuity protection The phase discontinuity protection detects phase unbalance between phases Ia, Ib The phase discontinuity protection detects phase unbalance between phases Ia, Ib and Ic, caused by a broken conductor, for instance.

  • Page 27: Arc Protection

    Local light detection requires the optional arc light detection hardware. The arc protection can be realized as a stand-alone function in a single REF 610 or as a station-wide arc protection including several REF 610 protection relays. If realized as a station-wide arc protection, different tripping schemes can be selected for the operation of the circuit breakers of the incoming and outgoing feeders.

  • Page 28: Auto-Reclose Function

    At a permanent fault, auto-reclosing is followed by definite tripping. A permanent fault must be located and cleared before the fault location can be re-energized. The auto-reclose (AR) function of REF 610 can be used with any circuit breaker suitable for auto-reclosing. The AR function provides three programmable...
  • Page 29 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version The initiation of one or several auto-reclose shots can be set to be blocked by trip signals from certain protection elements. Blocking is also possible via a digital input.
  • Page 30 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version will issue a reclosing command to the circuit breaker. In addition, the set reset time and set cutout time will pickup when the set open time elapses. The blocking of protection elements will be reset on expiration of the set cutout time.
  • Page 31 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version The AR function will issue an opening command to the circuit breaker at shot initiation by a pickup or a trip signal. CB Closed 100ms Shot Due...
  • Page 32 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Note! In case of shot initiation while a blocking is active, the next shot (if such has been selected and not blocked) will be initiated. This can be used to skip Shot 1, for instance.
  • Page 33 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version When reclosing is disabled, or the circuit breaker does not close before expiration of the set CB closing time, the circuit breaker will remain open and the AR function will generate a CB Reclosing Failed signal.

  • Page 34: Inverse Definite Minimum Time Characteristics

    REF 610 provides eight IDMT (mode) characteristics, of which four comply with the IEC 60255-3 and three with the IEEE C37.112 standard. One is a special characteristic according to ABB praxis and is referred to as RI.
  • Page 35 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.9-2 Values of constants α and β α β Time/current curve group Normal inverse 0.02 0.14 Very inverse 13.5 Extremely inverse 80.0 Long-time inverse According to the standard, the normal current range is 2...20 times the set pickup value at normal inverse, very inverse or extremely inverse characteristic.
  • Page 36 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 5 6 7 8 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-1 Normal inverse-time characteristic...
  • Page 37 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 5 6 7 8 9 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-2 Very inverse-time characteristic...
  • Page 38 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.02 5 6 7 8 9 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-3 Extremely inverse-time characteristic...
  • Page 39 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.05 5 6 7 8 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-4 Long-time inverse-time characteristic...
  • Page 40 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version IDMT (mode) characteristics according to the IEEE C37.112 REF 610 provides three time/current curve groups which comply with the IEEE C37.112 standard: extremely inverse, very inverse and moderately inverse. The relationship between time and current is expressed as follows: ⎛...
  • Page 41 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 5 6 7 8 9 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-5 Extremely inverse-time characteristic...
  • Page 42 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 5 6 7 8 9 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-6 Very inverse-time characteristic...
  • Page 43 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 5 6 7 8 9 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-7 Moderately inverse-time characteristic...
  • Page 44 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version RI-type characteristic The RI-type characteristic is a special characteristic which is principally used for obtaining time grading with mechanical relays. The relationship between time and current is expressed as follows: −...
  • Page 45 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 5 6 7 8 20 I/I> CURRENT IN MULTIPLES OF SETTING Fig. 4.1.4.9.-8 RI-type characteristic...

  • Page 46: 10.Settings

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 4.1.4.10. Settings There are two alternative setting groups available, setting groups 1 and 2. Either of these setting groups can be used as the actual settings, one at a time. Both groups have their related registers.
  • Page 47 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.10-1 Setting values Setting Description Setting range Default setting τ Time constant of element 49 1...200 min 1 min Alarm level of element 49 49 Alarm 50...100% 49 trip...
  • Page 48 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Switchgroups and parameter masks The settings can be altered and the functions of the relay selected in the SG_ selector switchgroups. The switchgroups are software based and thus not physical switches to be found in the hardware of the relay.
  • Page 49 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version SGF1...SGF5 Switchgroups SGF1...SGF5 are used for configuring the desired function as follows: Table 4.1.4.10-2 SGF1 Default Switch Function setting SGF1/1 Selection of the latching feature for PO1...
  • Page 50 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.10-3 SGF2 Default Switch Function setting SGF2/1 Operation mode of the pickup target of element 51P SGF2/2 Operation mode of the pickup target of element 50P-1...
  • Page 51 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.10-5 SGF4 Default Switch Function setting SGF4/6 Operation mode of light signal output • When the switch is in position 1, the light signal output will be blocked by the trip signal from element ARC.
  • Page 52 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.10-7 SGB1...SGB5 Default Switch Function setting SGB1...5/5 Time synchronization by the digital input signal SGB1...5/6 External tripping by the digital input signal SGB1...5/7 External triggering of the CBFAIL by the digital input signal SGB1...5/8...
  • Page 53 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version PS_I/O card Optional I/O card Weighting PO1 PO2 PO3 SO1 factor SGR1...8/1 SGR1...8/2 51P TDLY SGR1...8/3 50P-1 SGR1...8/4 50P-1 TDLY SGR1...8/5 50P-2 SGR1...8/6 50P-2 TDLY SGR1...8/7 SGR1...8/8 51N TDLY SGR1...8/9...
  • Page 54 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.10-8 SGR1...SGR3 Default setting Switch Function SGR1...SGR3 SGR4...SGR5 SGR6...SGR8 SGR1...8/1 Pickup signal from element SGR1...8/2 Trip signal from element 51P SGR1...8/3 Pickup signal from element 50P-1 SGR1...8/4 Trip signal from element 50P-1...
  • Page 55 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.10-9 SGL1...SGL8 Switch Function Default setting SGL1...8/6 Trip signal from element 46 SGL1...8/7 Alarm signal from element 49 SGL1...8/8 Trip signal from element 49 SGL1...8/9 Trip lockout signal SGL1...8/10...
  • Page 56 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.10-11SG2 Switch Function Default setting SG2/1 Blocking of tripping of element 51P at shot 1 SG2/2 Blocking of tripping of element 50P-1 at shot 1 SG2/3...
  • Page 57 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Non-volatile memory settings The table below presents data which can be configured to be stored in the battery backed-up non-volatile memory. All of the functions mentioned below can be selected separately with switches 1...5 either via the HMI or the SPA bus.

  • Page 58: 11.Technical Data On Protection Functions

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 4.1.4.11. Technical data on protection functions Table 4.1.4.11-1 Elements 51P, 50P-1 and 50P-2 Feature Element 51P Element 50P-1 Element 50P-2 Set pickup value, 51P, 50P-1 and 50P-2 •...
  • Page 59 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.11-1 Elements 51P, 50P-1 and 50P-2 Feature Element 51P Element 50P-1 Element 50P-2 Operation accuracy ±5% of the set • 0.3...0.5 x (CT) pickup value or 0.05%...
  • Page 60 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.11-2 Elements 51N and 50N Feature Element 51N Element 50N Set pickup value, 51N and 50N • at definite-time characteristic 1.0...100% 5.0...400% (CT) (CT) • at IDMT (mode) characteristic 1.0...40%...
  • Page 61 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.4.11-3 Element 49 Feature Value Set full load current, FLA 0.30...1.50 x (CT) ALARM 50...100% Set alarm level, 49 Trip level, 49 Trip 100% Time constant, τ...
  • Page 62 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version ArcSensitREF610_a Fig. 4.1.4.11.-1 Relative sensitivity of lens sensors Table 4.1.4.11-6 Auto-reclose function Feature Value Number of shots 0...3 CB Closing time 0.1...10 s Pickup delay of element 51P 0...300 s...

  • Page 63: Trip-Circuit Supervision

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 4.1.5. Trip-circuit supervision The trip-circuit supervision (TCS) detects open circuits, both when the circuit breaker is open and closed, and trip-circuit supply failure. The trip-circuit supervision is based on the constant current injection principle: by applying an external voltage, a constant current is forced to flow through the external trip circuit.

  • Page 64: Trip Lockout Function

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version closed. The opening contact, on the contrary, is to be connected in series with the external shunt resistor, which will enable trip-circuit supervision when the circuit breaker is open; see Fig. 4.1.5.-1.

  • Page 65: Trip Counters For Circuit-Breaker Condition Monitoring

    4.1.8. Target LEDs and operation target messages The operation of REF 610 can be monitored via the HMI by means of LED targets and text messages on the LCD. On the front panel of the relay there are three target LEDs with fixed functionality: a green target LED (ready), a yellow target LED (pickup/alarm) and a red target LED (trip).

  • Page 66: Commissioning Tests

    4.1.11.1. Function REF 610 features an integrated disturbance recorder for recording monitored quantities. The recorder continuously captures the curve forms of the currents as well as the status of both internal and digital input signals and stores these in the memory.

  • Page 67: 3.Control And Target Of Disturbance Recorder Status

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version channels, referred to as digital signals, are pickup and trip signals from the protection elements, the alarm signal from element 49, the signals from the auto- reclose function and the digital input signals linked to the relay.

  • Page 68: 4.Triggering

    4.1.12. Recorded data of the last events (Fault Summary) REF 610 records up to five events. This enables the user to analyze the last five fault conditions in the electrical power network. Each event includes the measured currents, pickup durations and time stamp, for instance. Additionally, information on the number of pickups, trips and auto-reclose shots is provided.
  • Page 69 1 and the number of auto-reclose shots by entering the value 2 into parameter V166. REF 610 collects data during fault conditions. When all pickup or thermal alarm signals have been reset or a element trips, the collected data and time stamp will be stored as “EVENT1”...

  • Page 70: Communication Ports

    51N, counting up to 255 4.1.13. Communication ports REF 610 is provided with an optical communication port (infrared) on the front panel. Rear communication is optional and requires a communication module, which can be provided with either a plastic fibre-optic, combined fibre-optic (plastic and glass) or RS-485 connection.

  • Page 71: Iec 60870-5-103 Remote Communication Protocol

    IrDA Standard specifications or using a specific front communication cable (ABB art. no 1MRS050698). The cable is connected to the serial RS-232 port of the PC. The optical element of the cable is powered by RS-232 control signals. The cable has a fixed baud rate of 9.6 kbps.

  • Page 72: Ref 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1Mrs

    REF 610 will use the SPA bus protocol as default when the optional communication module is in use. The protocol selection is memorized and will therefore always be activated when the rear connection is in use.
  • Page 73 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.14-1 Information mapping of configuration set 1 and 2 Event reason Disturbance recorder E31/ Triggered/Cleared HMI Password E33/ Opened/Closed 51P Pickup/Reset 1E1/ 51P Trip/Reset 1E3/ 50P-1 Pickup/Reset...
  • Page 74 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.14-1 Information mapping of configuration set 1 and 2 Event reason Trip Lockout/Reset 1E37/ 1E38 External Trip/Reset 1E39/ 1E40 CBFAIL Activated/ 1E41/ Reset 1E42 PO1 Activated/Reset...

  • Page 75: Modbus Remote Communication Protocol

    PLCs. For the protocol definition, refer to “Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference Guide PI-MBUS-300 Rev. E”. The implementation of the Modbus protocol in REF 610 supports both the RTU and the ASCII link mode. Both the link mode and the line setting parameters are...

  • Page 76: 2.Profile Of Modbus Ref 610

    1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 stop bits if parity is not used Note! The turnaround time (response time) of REF 610 depends on the amount of data requested in a query. Therefore, the turnaround time can vary between approximately 20 and 100 milliseconds.
  • Page 77 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version The implementation of the Modbus protocol in REF 610 supports the following functions: Table 4.1.15.2-1 Supported application functions Function code Function description Read coil status Reads the status of discrete outputs.
  • Page 78 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.15.2-2 Supported diagnostic subfunctions Code Name Description Return slave no The number of messages addressed to the slave for which a response count response (neither a normal response nor an exception response) has not been sent since its last restart, clear counters operation or power up is returned in the response.
  • Page 79 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Note! If an “Illegal data value” exception response is generated when attempting to preset multiple registers, the contents of the register to which an illegal value has been imposed and of the following registers will not be changed.
  • Page 80 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Special case 2: If the master tries to read the next unread fault record without entering selection code 1 again, the contents of the last read record will be returned.
  • Page 81 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Selection code 2: reading the oldest stored record By resetting the read pointer using selection code 2, the master can read the oldest stored event record. After this, the master can continue reading the following records using selection code 1, irrespective of whether they have been read before.
  • Page 82 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Modbus data mapping There are two types of monitoring data: digital targets and measurands. For convenience and efficiency, the same data can be read from different data areas.
  • Page 83 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.15.2-5 Mapping of Modbus data HR/IR DI/Coil bit Value Description Writeable Comment address (.bit) address range Pickup signal from element 409.01 51P CD Trip signal from element 51P 409.02...
  • Page 84 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.15.2-5 Mapping of Modbus data HR/IR DI/Coil bit Value Description Writeable Comment address (.bit) address range Trip signal from element ARC 411.00 1 = activated (light and DI) Trip signal from element ARC 411.01...
  • Page 85 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.15.2-5 Mapping of Modbus data HR/IR DI/Coil bit Value Description Writeable Comment address (.bit) address range DI1 CD 414.01 414.02 1 = activated DI2 CD 414.03 414.04...
  • Page 86 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.15.2-5 Mapping of Modbus data HR/IR DI/Coil bit Value Description Writeable Comment address (.bit) address range Number of pickups of element 0...999 Counter Number of pickups of element 0...999...
  • Page 87 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Structure 1 The status registers contain information on unread fault and event records, and relay status. The registers are arranged as in the figure below. Reserved IRF code...
  • Page 88 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.15.2-6 Fault record Address Signal name Range Comment Pickup duration of element 50N 0...100 0...100% Pickup duration of element 46 0...100 0...100% Pickup duration of external trip...

  • Page 89: Dnp 3.0 Remote Communication Protocol

    All DNP parameters are stored on the external DNP 3.0 module. After parameterization with the Relay Setting Tool, REF 610 must be switched to the rear communication mode for at least 10 seconds in order for the DNP parameters to be replicated and stored onto the DNP module.
  • Page 90 SPA parameter 503V24. The pointers to the scaling factors for analogue objects are all 0 as default. Consequently, the DNP and Modbus analogue values of REF 610 are identical as default. All DNP process points can be edited using the Relay Setting Tool. Editing features include: •...
  • Page 91 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.16.3-1 Binary data DNP point Event Value Description Comment address class enable range Shot 3 1 = initiated CB position 1 = closed Definite trip alarm signal...
  • Page 92 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.16.3-3 Counters DNP point Event Value Description Deadband address class enable range Number of pickups of element 51P 0...999 Number of pickups of element 50P-1 0...999 Number of pickups of element 50P-2 0...999...

  • Page 93: 4.Dnp 3.0 Device Profile Of Ref 610

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 4.1.16.4. DNP 3.0 device profile of REF 610 DNP V3.00 DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT Vendor Name: ABB Oy, Distribution Automation Device Name: REF 610 Highest DNP Level Supported...
  • Page 94 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING ITEMS FOR SLAVE DEVICES ONLY Reports Digital Input Change Events when Reports time-tagged Digital Input Change no specific variation requested Events when no specific variation requested...
  • Page 95 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.16.4-1 Supported function codes Code Function Description Supported Operate Set previously selected output Respond with status of control point Direct operate Set output directly Respond with status of control point...
  • Page 96 Message fragment confirmation Response Response to request message Unsolicited Message Spontaneous message without request Counters of REF 610 can not be cleared using the DNP 3.0 protocol. Table 4.1.16.4-2 Supported objects RESPONSE REQUEST OBJECT (slave must parse) (master must parse)
  • Page 97 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.16.4-2 Supported objects RESPONSE REQUEST OBJECT (slave must parse) (master must parse) Function Qualifier Function Qualifier Object Variation Description Codes Codes Codes Codes group (dec) (hex)
  • Page 98 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.16.4-2 Supported objects RESPONSE REQUEST OBJECT (slave must parse) (master must parse) Function Qualifier Function Qualifier Object Variation Description Codes Codes Codes Codes group (dec) (hex)
  • Page 99 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.16.4-2 Supported objects RESPONSE REQUEST OBJECT (slave must parse) (master must parse) Function Qualifier Function Qualifier Object Variation Description Codes Codes Codes Codes group (dec) (hex)

  • Page 100: 5.Ref 610-Specific Dnp Features

    Time synchronization If time synchronization (minute-pulse or second-pulse) of the relay’s real-time clock is realized via a digital input, the following applies to the DNP interface of REF 610: • Depending on the pulse type, either the date-to-minute or the date-to-second information of the DNP time synchronization message will be used.
  • Page 101 DNP3.0 module and the main CPU module of REF 610. In this case, REF 610 will automatically activate and reset the IIN2.3 bit. As events have been lost in both cases, the DNP 3.0 master should perform an integrity scan after the IIN2.3 bit has been reset.
  • Page 102 Collision avoidance occurs before message transmission. When preparing to transmit and the link is busy, REF 610 will first wait until the link becomes idle. After this, a backoff time will pickup. When the backoff time elapses, REF 610 will check the link again.

  • Page 103: Spa Bus Communication Protocol Parameters

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 3. The value range will now be 0.00 x 300..50.0 x 300 = 0...15000 A. DNP analogue values deadband The deadband is always defined in units of the original value when scaled using the internal (fixed) scaling factor, irrespective of whether the internal scaling factor is used for value presentation or not.
  • Page 104 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-1 Settings Actual Group/ Group/ Variable settings (R), Channel 1 Channel 2 Setting range channel 0 (R, W, P) (R, W, P) Operate time of element...

  • Page 105: 1Mrs 755535 Ref

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-1 Settings Actual Group/ Group/ Variable settings (R), Channel 1 Channel 2 Setting range channel 0 (R, W, P) (R, W, P) Checksum, SGR 8 1S88 2S88 0...8388607...
  • Page 106 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Recorded data Parameter V1 shows the element which has caused the trip, parameter V2 the trip target code, parameters V3...V8 show the number of pickups of the protection elements, parameters V9...V12 the number of trips of the protection elements, and...

  • Page 107: Channel

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-3 Recorded data: Channel 0 Recorded data Parameter (R) Value Number of trips of other elements 0...65535 Number of AR shots (shot 1) initiated 0...255 by the trip signal from element 50P-1 Number of AR shots (shot 1) initiated 0...255...
  • Page 108 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-4 Recorded data: Channels 1...5 Event (R) Recorded data Value Channel Channel Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Maximum pick- 0...50 x (CT) up phase current Maximum pick- 0...50 x...
  • Page 109 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Disturbance recorder Table 4.1.17-5 Parameters for the disturbance recorder Parameter Description R, W Value (channel 0) Remote triggering Clear recorder memory Sampling rate R, W 800/960 Hz...

  • Page 110: Pickup Value Of Element 51P S1

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-6 Disturbance recorder internal triggering and storing Default value of Default value of Default value of Weighting triggering edge, Event triggering storing mask, factor mask, V236...
  • Page 111 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-8 Control parameters Description Parameter R, W, P Value Resetting of relay state data 0 = reset E50 and E51 1 = reset only E50 2 = reset only E51...
  • Page 112 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-8 Control parameters Description Parameter R, W, P Value Rear communication V202 1 = rear connector activated Rear communication protocol R, W 0 = SPA V203...
  • Page 113 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-9 Inputs Parameter (R), Description Value channel 0 CB position 0 = undefined 1 = closed 2 = open 3 = undefined DI1 status DI2 status...
  • Page 114 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17-11 Outputs State of output Recorded Operation of output (R, W, P), functions (R), Value contact channel 0 channel 0 Output PO1 O101 Output PO2 O102...
  • Page 115 Description R, W Value range Default Explanation (channel 503) Unit address 503V1 R, W 0...65532 Address of REF 610 in the DNP 3.0 network Master address 503V2 R, W 0...65532 Address of the master station (destination address for unsolicited responses)
  • Page 116 R, W 0...255 Number of layer retransmissions on data retransmission link layer count Application layer 503V6 R, W 0...65535 ms 5000 Used when REF 610 confirmation sends messages with timeout confirmation request Application layer 503V7 R, W 0...255 Number of retransmission...
  • Page 117 Refer to section reporting mode 1 = immediate Unsolicited reporting pick 2 = empty UR up under section Protocol 3 = empty UR parameters of REF 610. and enable UR Scaling factor 1 503V101 R, W 0...4294967296 Scaling factor 2 503V102 R, W 0...4294967296...

  • Page 118: 1.Event Codes

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version 4.1.17.1. Operations Records Special codes have been determined to represent certain events, such as pickup and tripping of protection elements and different states of output signals. The events are stored in the event buffer of the relay. The maximum capacity of the buffer is 100 events.
  • Page 119 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Events possible to mask out: Table 4.1.17.1-4 Event codes E31...E34 Weighting Channel Event Description Default value factor Disturbance recorder triggered Disturbance recorder cleared HMI password opened HMI password closed...
  • Page 120 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17.1-7 Event codes E25...E42 Weighting Channel Event Description Default value factor Pickup signal from element 49 activated Pickup signal from element 49 reset Alarm signal from element 49 activated...
  • Page 121 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.17.1-9 Event codes E17...E26 Weighting Channel Event Description Default value factor DI1 activated DI1 deactivated DI2 activated DI2 deactivated DI3 activated DI3 deactivated DI4 activated DI4 deactivated...

  • Page 122: Self-Supervision (Irf) System

    4.1.18. Self-supervision (IRF) system REF 610 is provided with an extensive self-supervision system which continuously supervises the software and the electronics of the relay. It handles run-time fault situations and informs the user about an existing fault via a LED on the HMI and a text message on the LCD.

  • Page 123: Relay Parameterization

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.1.18-1 IRF codes Fault code Type of fault Power supply module faulty Power supply module unknown Hardware configuration error Communication module unknown Faulty configuration set (for IEC 60870-5-103)

  • Page 124: Design Description

    The input terminals of the optional I/O module are located on connection socket X3.1 (see tables 4.2.1-4 and 4.2.1-5). Note! REF 610 is provided with connection socket X3.1 only if the optional I/O module has been installed. Terminals X4.1/21-24 and X3.1/1-6 (optional) are digital input terminals (see table 4.2.1-5).
  • Page 125 (X4.1/3-4). Fig. 4.2.1.-1...Fig. 4.2.1.-3 present a rear view of REF 610, showing four connecting sockets: one for measuring transformers, one for the optional I/O module, one for power supply and one for optional serial communication.
  • Page 126 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version X2.1 X3.1 X4.1 X5.5 Fig. 4.2.1.-2 Rear view of REF 610 with the RS-485 communication module...
  • Page 127 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version X2.1 X3.1 X4.1 X5.8 Fig. 4.2.1.-3 Rear view of REF 610 with the DNP 3.0 communication module for RS-485 Table 4.2.1-1 Inputs for phase and ground-fault currents Function Terminal X2.1-1 la 1 A...
  • Page 128 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.2.1-2 Auxiliary supply voltage Terminal Function X4.1-1 Input, + X4.1-2 Input, - Table 4.2.1-3 IRF contact Terminal Function X4.1-3 IRF, common X4.1-4 Closed; IRF, or U disconnected X4.1-5...

  • Page 129: Light Sensor Input Connections

    X5.2 (see table 4.2.2-1 and Fig. 4.2.1.-1). For further information on the arc protection, refer to section Arc protection. Note! REF 610 is provided with connection sockets X5.1 and X5.2 only if the optional communication module with light sensor inputs has been installed (refer to section Ordering information).
  • Page 130 Daisy-chain bus wiring scheme with 2-wire, half-duplex, multi-point communication. The maximum number of devices (nodes) connected to the bus where REF 610 is being used is 32, and the maximum length of the bus is 1200 meters.
  • Page 131 Shield GND Combined fibre-optic connection (plastic and glass) If REF 610 is provided with the optional fibre-optic communication module for plastic and glass fibre, the plastic fibre-optic cables are connected to terminals X5.3-RX (Receiver) and X5.3-TX (Transmitter) and the glass fibre-optic cables to terminals X5.4-RX (Receiver) and X5.4-TX (Transmitter).
  • Page 132 Daisy-chain bus wiring scheme with 2- or 4-wire, half-duplex, multi-point communication. The maximum number of devices (nodes) connected to the bus where REF 610 is being used is 32, and the maximum length of the bus is 1200 meters in optimum conditions and with slow communication speed.
  • Page 133 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version When connecting REF 610 to the bus, a quality twisted pair shielded cable is to be used. The conductors of the pair are connected to A and B. If signal ground is being used for balancing potential differences between devices/nodes, a quality dual twisted pair shielded cable is to be used.

  • Page 134: Technical Data

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.2.3-7 Jumper numbering Terminal Function Signal Pull-up Data A (+ TX) Termination Pull-down Data B (- TX) Pull-up Data A (+ RX) Termination Pull-down Data B (- RX)
  • Page 135 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.2.4-2 Power supply • REF610AxxHxxx 85...110% of U (ac) 80...120% of U (dc) • REF610AxxLxxx 80...120% of U (dc) <9 W/13 W Burden of auxiliary voltage supply under quiescent...
  • Page 136 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.2.4-7 Non-trip output SO2, optional SO3, and IRF output Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc Continuous carry Make and carry for 3.0 s 10 A Make and carry for 0.5 s...
  • Page 137 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 4.2.4-12 Electromagnetic compatibility tests EMC immunity test level meets the requirements listed below 1 MHz burst disturbance test, class III According to IEC 60255-22-1 • Common mode 2.5 kV...
  • Page 138 • 9.6 or 4.8 kbps (9.6 kbps with front communication cable) Auxiliary voltage REF 610 requires a secured auxiliary voltage supply to operate. The internal power supply of the relay forms the voltages required by the relay electronics. The power supply is a galvanically isolated (flyback-type) DC/DC converter.

  • Page 139: Application Examples

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Application examples 5.1. Auto-reclose function 5.1.1. Fast tripping and initiation of shot 1 using two protection elements In several applications, such as fuse-saving applications involving down-stream fuses, tripping and initiation of shot 1 should be fast (instantaneous or short-time delayed) and of shot 2 and 3, and definite tripping time delayed.

  • Page 140: Fast Tripping And Initiation Of Shot 1 Using Pickup Signals

    An alternative way to achieve fast tripping and shot initiation (typical for certain countries, such as Finland), is to use pickup signals from protection elements for shot initiation. The AR function of REF 610 can be initiated by the pickup signals from elements 51P and 51N.

  • Page 141: Selecting Adaptive Sequence Length

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Shot initiation by a pickup signal applies only to shot 1, and to definite tripping, i.e. when no more shots are allowed but the network fault has not been cleared. In this case, the AR function will trip the circuit breaker on expiration of AR 51P Pickup Delay and AR 51N Pickup Delay.

  • Page 142: Arc Protection

    An arc protection with one REF 610 only (see Fig. 5.2.1.-1) is realized by installing two arc lens sensors, connected to the relay protecting the incoming feeder, to detect an arc on the busbar.
  • Page 143 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version REF 610 Fig. 5.2.1.-1 Arc protection with one REF 610...

  • Page 144: Arc Protection With Several Ref 610 Relays

    (via the other lens sensor), however, it will generate a signal to the REF 610 protecting the incoming feeder. On detection of the signal, the REF 610 protecting the incoming feeder will trip the circuit breaker of the incoming...

  • Page 145: Arc Protection With Several Ref 610 Relays And One Rea 101

    Arc protection with several REF 610 relays and one REA 101 When realizing an arc protection with both REF 610 relays and an REA 101 (see Fig. 5.2.3.-1), the cable terminations of outgoing feeders are protected by REF 610 relays using one lens sensor for each relay.

  • Page 146: Ordering Information

    Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Ordering information When ordering REF 610 protection relays and/or accessories, please specify the following: • Order number • Quantity The order number identifies the protection relay type and hardware as described in the figures below and is labelled on the marking strip under the lower handle of the relay.
  • Page 147 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version REF610B55HSNS Language set: HMI language set number I/O extension module: H = 3xSO and 3xDI (110/125/220/250 V dc) = 3xSO and 3xDI (24/48/60/110/125/220/250 V dc) N = none...

  • Page 148: Revision History Of Ref 610

    Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Revision History of REF 610 7.1. Revision identification The different revisions of REF 610 products may involve functional additions and changes to the product. Table 7.1.-1 Product Revision Release...

  • Page 149: References

    Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version References Other available manuals: • Operator’s Manual, 1MRS 755311 • Installation Manual, 1MRS 752265-MUM...

  • Page 150: Abbreviations

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Abbreviations ANSI American National Standards Institute Auto-reclose ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange American wire gauge Circuit breaker CBFAIL Circuit-breaker failure protection Change detect Central Processing Unit...
  • Page 151 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Switchgroups for digital inputs Switchgroups for functions Switchgroups for programmable LEDs Switchgroups for output contacts SO1...SO5 Non-trip outputs Second-pulse Trip-circuit supervision User-defined register Unsolicited reporting...

  • Page 152: Check Lists

    REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Check lists Table 10.-1Setting group 1 Group/ Customer’s Variable Channel 1 Setting range Default setting setting (R, W, P) Pickup value of element 0.30...5.0 x 0.30 x...
  • Page 153 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 10.-1Setting group 1 Group/ Customer’s Variable Channel 1 Setting range Default setting setting (R, W, P) Number of AR shots 1S25 0 = AR is not in use...
  • Page 154 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 10.-2Setting group 2 Group/ Default Customer’ Variable Channel 2 Setting range setting s setting (R, W, P) Time multiplier 51P TD 1.0...15.0 ANSI Resetting time of element 0.05...2.50 s...
  • Page 155 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 10.-2Setting group 2 Group/ Default Customer’ Variable Channel 2 Setting range setting s setting (R, W, P) Checksum, SGB 1 2S71 0...1048575 Checksum, SGB 2 2S72 0...1048575...
  • Page 156 REF 610 Feeder Protection Relay 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version Table 10.-3Control parameters Parameter Default Customer’s Description Setting range (channel 0) setting setting Optional communication V206 0 = not in use module 1 = in use Table 10.-4Parameters for the disturbance recorder...
  • Page 157 Feeder Protection Relay REF 610 1MRS 755535 Technical Reference Manual - ANSI Version...
  • Page 158 ABB Oy ABB Inc Distribution Automation Distribution Automation P.O. Box 699 7036 Snowdrift Rd FI-65101 Vaasa Allentown, Pa. 18106 FINLAND Phone: (610) 395-7333 Tel. +358 10 22 11 Toll Free: (800) 634-6005 Fax. +358 10 224 1094 Fax: (610) 395-1055...

Table of Contents