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Heinz Walz MINI-PAM-II Manual

Porometer
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MINI-PAM-II/
POROMETER
Manual
Manual
1st Edition: December 2023
Porometer_1223.docx
© Heinz Walz GmbH, 2023
Heinz Walz GmbH • Eichenring 6 • 91090 Effeltrich • Germany
Phone +49-(0)9133/7765-0 • Telefax +49-(0)9133/5395
E-mail info@walz.com • Internet www.walz.com

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  • Page 1 MINI-PAM-II/ POROMETER Manual Manual 1st Edition: December 2023 Porometer_1223.docx © Heinz Walz GmbH, 2023 Heinz Walz GmbH • Eichenring 6 • 91090 Effeltrich • Germany Phone +49-(0)9133/7765-0 • Telefax +49-(0)9133/5395 E-mail info@walz.com • Internet www.walz.com...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Contents _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Contents Contents.............. 2 Safety Instructions ..........4 General Safety Instructions ............4 Special Safety Instructions ............5 Introduction ............6 Description of the pneumatic pathway and its components ..8 Components ............10 Components ................10 Optional Components ............. 10 Setup ..............11 Mounting fiberoptics ..............
  • Page 3 Stomatal Conductance (g ) ............ 71 10.7 Geospatial Data ..............73 Saturation Vapor Pressure above Water ..74 Specifications ........... 77 12.1 MINI-PAM-II/Porometer ............77 12.2 Transport Case PORO/T ............79 Warranty ................80 12.3 Conditions ................80 12.4 Instructions ................81...

  • Page 4: Safety Instructions

    Safety Instructions _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Safety Instructions General Safety Instructions Read safety instructions and the operating instruc- tions prior to operation of the device and its accesso- ries. Pay attention to all safety warnings. Keep device and its accessories away from water or high moisture areas.

  • Page 5: Special Safety Instructions

    The MINI-PAM-II can emit very strong light! In order to avoid harm to your eyes, never look directly into the light port of the MINI-PAM-II or its fiberoptics.

  • Page 6: Introduction

    Introduction _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER is a new leaf-clip for MINI-PAM-II instruments. It combines measurements of stomatal conduct- ance and chlorophyll a fluorescence for the assessment of PSII. As a lightweight, compact device, it is ideally suited for use in the field as well as in greenhouses and laboratories.
  • Page 7 Introduction _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The porometer is equipped with: humidity sensors for the determination of H O evapo- ration of the leaf and ambient humidity leaf temperature sensor pressure sensor flow sensors and a very silent pump adjustable pressure of the closing mechanism a GPS-module for tracking the sample and sun position in field applications and determination of angle of sun- incidence on the leaf...

  • Page 8: Description Of The Pneumatic Pathway And Its Components

    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Description of the pneumatic pathway and its components The MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER is an open system porometer. Fig. 1 displays the pneumatic pathway through the porometer. Air is drawn in from the surroundings and passes through a buffer (Air-In-Buffer) that compensates for peaks fluctuations.
  • Page 9 Introduction _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fig. 1: Pneumatic pathway of MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER...

  • Page 10: Components

    Air-in buffer PORO/B Gasket (5x) white 000246900414 Gasket (5x) black 000246903214 Dark Shield 000246901014 Tripod Mount 000246901114 Pore standard PORO/POR Filter paper (20x) PORO/FP Transport Case PORO/T MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER Manual Optional Components -calibration kit (zero) PORO/CAL External LED Light Source 2054-L...

  • Page 11: Setup

    Setup The porometer is ready for immediate use. As MINI-PAM-II leaf clip, it only needs to be connected to the MINI-PAM-II. The in- strument recognizes the porometer and provides the required operation elements. Together with the MINI-PAM-II it can be used in stand-alone configuration e.g.
  • Page 12 Setup _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the red dot of the socket. Do not try to disconnect a plug by pulling at the cable. Disconnect plug by pulling at the rippled bushing of the plug. To protect the gasket, the porometer is stored with an open leaf chamber when not in use.

  • Page 13: Mounting Fiberoptics

    Setup _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mounting fiberoptics For PAM-measurements, the MINI-PAM/F fiberoptic is fixed at an 60° angle to the sample area. The bending of the fiber is secured by the mounting aid. Already purchased fibers can also be equipped with the mounting aid. To do this, please at- tach the mounting aid as shown in Fig.

  • Page 14: Mounting Dark Shield

    The light intensity at the leaf area level is determined among other things by the optical geometry between fiber and sam- ple. Therefore, the internal light list of the MINI-PAM-II should be calibrated in the initial setup process. To calibrate the inter- nal light list please follow the procedure described in chapter 9.6.

  • Page 15: Black Gaskets For Needles

    Setup _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fig. 6: Mounting MINI-PAM/F and dark shield. Black gaskets for needles In addition to the standard white gaskets, 2 mm black gaskets are included in the scope of delivery. These are for special ap- plications where the sample does not cover the entire leaf chamber.
  • Page 16 Setup _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fig. 7: Black gaskets for sealing specific samples. Note: if the sample area is not covered entirely the parameter leaf area needs to be adjusted (see chapter 7.4 Parameter – Leaf area). To attach the black gasket, remove the protective layer from the adhesive surface (Fig.

  • Page 17: Tripod Mount

    Setup _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fig. 8: Mounting the black gasket Tripod Mount For experiments with longer measuring times, the porometer can be used with a tripod. For this purpose, the tripod mount is attached to the side of the porometer with two screws. There is a ¼”...

  • Page 18: External Led Light Source 2054-L

    SYNC port of the MINI-PAM- II. Adjustment of light color and intensity is done either via the MINI-PAM-II menu “Light Sources”- “Light Panel Sett.” or via WinControl-3. Further information about the External LED Light Source...

  • Page 19: Taking Measurements

    Taking Measurements _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Taking Measurements The MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER is equipped with sensor tech- nology that enables the calculation of stomatal conductance and the determination of stomatal movement. These parame- ters can be combined with PAM-measurements of MINI-PAM- II instruments, to get detailed information about physiological aspects of photosynthesis.
  • Page 20 Charge the batteries or take a set of charged batter- • ies with you. 6 AA (Mignon) rechargeable batteries (Eneloop 1.2 V/2 Ah) within the MINI-PAM-II typically provide power for more than 8 hours continuous porometer operation at maximum flow. Fluorescence measurements shorten the operation time.
  • Page 21 Please dry wet leaves carefully and increase measuring time. Workflow for rapid assessment of stomatal conductance: 1. Scroll to the “Porometer” window in the MINI-PAM-II display. Decide to use auto stability determination or manual control (default setting is the measurement with stability determination, page 32) 2.
  • Page 22 If you are using the stability determination, you can immediately go to 4. the system will evaluate the sta- bility before executing the triggered measurement. 4. Press SAT on the MINI-PAM-II display or the porome- ter´s red button on the Porometer to execute a meas- urement including Y(II).
  • Page 23 Taking Measurements _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Measurement protocols often start with the assess- • ment of F under dark acclimated conditions. The dark shield can be used to easily shield the leaf sam- ple from ambient light. The porometer can be mounted on a tripod for con- •...

  • Page 24: Touchscreen Operation

    MINI-PAM-II. The porometer functions are avail- able on a new top-level window, the “Porometer” window. It will appear in the MINI-PAM-II menu between the top-level windows “Primary Data” and “Quenching Analysis”, when a porometer is connected to the MINI-PAM-II.

  • Page 25: Porometer Windows, Data And Graph

    (SAT), navigation keys, access to the main menu, and memory or an action key, e.g. for actinic light. With a porometer connected to the MINI-PAM-II, all SAT pulse meas- urements will also include porometer data. Porometer windows, data and graph The middle part of the “Porometer”...
  • Page 26 A similar function is already known from the “Induction Curve”, “Light Curve” and “Recovery” window of the MINI-PAM-II. The “Porometer Values” window displays the current porometer sensor data and calculated parameters. In this display the side- bar has changed to a FLIP key instead of the arrows.

  • Page 27: Porometer Action Key Bar

    Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Porometer action key bar The action key bar contains four but- tons. From left to right they are Sett., Flush, Pump, and Save. Sett. is a link to porometer relevant settings and is described in detail in chapter 7.4. Flush The flush function is used to quickly purge the leaf cham- ber with ambient air e.g., after measuring heavily evaporating leaves.
  • Page 28 Save stores the porometer data without triggering a satura- tion flash. This button is called Store in WinControl-3. In gen- eral, if a porometer is connected to the MINI-PAM-II, all satura- tion pulse measurements will automatically store a porometer data set with the executed saturation pulse. Even if it is trig-...

  • Page 29: Porometer Side Panel

    They are SAT, up and down navigation, MENU and MEM. SAT This button is used to trigger a MINI-PAM-II measurement. If a porometer is connected, a set of porometer data is always included in the saturation pulse analysis. A MINI-PAM-II satu- ration pulse measurement takes 2 seconds.

  • Page 30: Sett./Porometer Settings

    Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ MENU gives access to the MINI-PAM-II main menu. Many porometer settings are also available in the action key Sett. (chapter 7.4). The main menu items relevant to the porometer are explained in more detail in chapter 7.5.
  • Page 31 Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Therefore, please use the Sett. key for an easy access to all porometer relevant settings. The porometer settings include: • Pump setting, • Stability criteria for meas- urements, • Choice of chart display • On/off switch of basic view of the porometer window, Used PAR, origin of PAR value (external sensor, inter- •...
  • Page 32 After triggering the measuring (clicking SAT or Save on the MINI-PAM-II or using the red or black button on the porometer), the system logs the values in- ternally until the set stability criteria are met. As soon as the porometer values are stable, the actual measurement is per- formed, and the data is stored.
  • Page 33 After triggering a measurement, the MINI-PAM-II gives an acoustic signal in form of a rhythmic beep as long as the system is waiting for the stability criteria to be met and the measurement has not yet been executed. The sta- bility mode includes a timeout.
  • Page 34 Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Chart The porometer window in the MINI-PAM-II displays one of the following parameters in the chart and numerically below it: , the stomatal conductance (mmol m , the total conductance (mmol m O the difference in water vapor (mmol mol...
  • Page 35 PAR value of the internal light sensor is added when actinic illumination is applied onto the sample area by the MINI-PAM-II fiber. Without actinic illumination from the MINI-PAM-II, the leaf in the sample area is only exposed to ambient light. This is...
  • Page 36 PAR sensor. The internal PAR sen- sor is positioned facing the beam path and measures the ac- tinic light intensity given by the MINI-PAM-II. If the actinic illu- mination is off, the value of the internal PAR sensor is 0. The used PAR value then corresponds the PAR value of the ambient light sensor.
  • Page 37 The actinic illumination is generated only by the MINI-PAM-II. Thus, using the Dark Shield, the ambi- ent light must be ignored and the PAR values from the internal light sensor are used to calculate ETR.
  • Page 38 Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Parameter The parameter submenu provides settings for leaf area, emis- sivity for leaf temperature determination, and calibration rou- tines for pressure and CO -detection. Leaf area The sample area of the porometer is 0,79 cm . For special ap- plications where not the complete sample area is covered by the sample (e.g.
  • Page 39 Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pressure Submenu providing the calibration routine for the pressure sensors. Please read chapter 9.1 Pressure-sensor calibration. Submenu providing the calibration routine for the ambient sensor. Please read chapter 9.3 CO -sensor calibration. GPS on/off switch. If no geospatial data is necessary, turning off GPS sensor saves a significant amount of power.

  • Page 40: Porometer Topics In The Main Menu

    The porometer settings summarized under Sett. can also be managed in the Main Menu. Here they are embedded in differ- ent submenus. This chapter will guide through these settings in the main menu of MINI-PAM-II. In the main menu following submenus contain porometer rel- evant information or functions: •...
  • Page 41 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Program/Clock Program/Clock opens the submenu for program routines and automated measurements of MINI-PAM-II standalone opera- tion e.g., light curves or the clock. The “Clock” triggers repeti- tively an event at a defined interval. The interval is specified in “Clock Interval” and the event in “Clock Item”. With the porom- eter connected a new clock item is available.
  • Page 42 The porometer´s built-in GPS sensor provides accurate timing when operational (filled sym- bol displayed in the title line). The internal clock of the MINI-PAM-II shows the local time. The offset to the UTC time can be set in the MINI- PAM-II Sett.
  • Page 43 Memory is described in chapter 7.6. Reset The MINI-PAM-II retains its internal memory settings to be re- stored the next time the instrument is used. The default values of these settings can be reset in the Reset submenu, which con-...
  • Page 44 1. Reset Settings: MINI-PAM-II de- fault settings (please read MINI-PAM- II manual for more details) 2. Reset Sys. Set.: MINI-PAM-II sys- tem settings (please read MINI-PAM- II manual for more details) 3. Reset Porometer sets porometer relevant settings to default...
  • Page 45 Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tab. 1: Porometer Default Settings Default Set- Current Setting ting (saved and restored) Pump Flow 100 µmol mol Stability Stability Mode Delta g 0.5 mmol m Interval (s) 2 seconds Time out (s) 180 seconds Chart Chart Chart Chart O Chart...

  • Page 46: Memory

    MINI-PAM-II hardware version, serial number, battery status, and firmware version. Section two “Sensors” gives information about accessories connected to the MINI-PAM-II. The porometer serial number is listed here. Memory The combined analysis of porometer data, geospatial information and sat- uration pulse analysis provide a com- prehensive set of parameters.
  • Page 47 Touchscreen Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ skipped. For example, data sets No. 1 and 5. contain porome- ter data, whereas data sets 2-4 were measured with the MINI- PAM-II without porometer. In the porometer data view, you can use the arrow keys to navigate from No.1 to No.5 and back, data from measurement No.2-No.4 are skipped.

  • Page 48: Wincontrol-3 Operation

    Other WinControl-3 functions are described in the MINI-PAM-II manual. WinControl-3 Status panel When a porometer is connected to the MINI-PAM-II, the porometer functions will be extended in WinControl-3. A new porometer field appears in the Status panel next to the SAT Pulse/Chart field.
  • Page 49 The online porometer values are marked with a blue background. Parameters which are also available with other MINI-PAM-II leaf clips stay at the designated online data fields e.g. leaf temperature is listed in Temp*, used PAR in PAR* and ambient humidity in AHum*.

  • Page 50: Wincontrol-3 Porometer Values

    Porometer Stored, GPS and Ori- entation. Again, parameters which are also available with other MINI-PAM-II leaf clips stay at the designated data group, e.g. leaf temperature (Temp) and PAR in the SAT-Pulse group, and ambient humidity (AHum) in the Sensors group.

  • Page 51: Wincontrol-3 Porometer Settings

    WinControl-3 Operation _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WinControl-3 Porometer Settings When the porometer is connected, the Settings page displays the porometer settings control panel. Porometer-specific set- tings and calibration procedures can be done here. The top menu item is Pump, which corresponds to Pump in the status bar and determines the pump per- formance.
  • Page 52 Timeout, the measurement is executed after this maximum waiting time, even if the values are not stable. The stability determination can be interrupted by pressing the SAT or Save key on the MINI-PAM-II. In this case no measurement will be performed.

  • Page 53: Maintenance

    Maintenance _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Maintenance Pressure-sensor calibration Three pressures are considered in the calculation of the porometer (chapter 10): the pressure within the reference an- alytics, the sample analytics, and the pressure within the leaf chamber. For this purpose, two pressure sensors have been installed in the porometer (in both analytical cells).
  • Page 54 Ref. Pressure. If the pressure sensor difference exceeds a physical threshold, the MINI-PAM-II will issue a pressure sensor warning. The pressure sensor calibration can also be done in WinCon- trol-3. Calibrate in the porometer field of the Settings tab opens the pressure sensor cal- ibration prompt.

  • Page 55: Match

    Maintenance _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Match Matching is the process of reconciling the differences in hu- midity detection by the sensors between sample analysis cell and reference analysis cell, while the same air passes through both cells. This adjustment serves as a zero adjustment of the humidity sensors to increase the measurement accuracy.

  • Page 56: Co 2 -Sensor Calibration

    Calibration of this sensor against fresh air can be done without any additional equipment. The MINI-PAM-II with the connected porometer have to be outside in fresh air. In the Porometer Settings menu under Parameters, CO leads to the corresponding submenu.

  • Page 57: Calibration Of Orientation Sensors

    Maintenance _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Calibration of Orientation Sensors The gyroscope, accelerometer and magneto scope automati- cally calibrate themselves when in use. The initialization values can be calibrated manually using the Cal. Orient. Sens. sub- menu within the porometer “Parameters” window. The calibra- tion routine starts when entering this submenu, it can be aborted with EXIT.

  • Page 58: Cleaning

    The porometer is equipped with a Micro-Quantum-Sensor. This external light sensor can be used for the calibration of the internal light sensor, the internal light list of the MINI-PAM-II, and the light flux characteristics of the Exter- nal LED Light Source 2054-L.

  • Page 59: Gasket

    Using ext. Sensor leads to the submenu where the automatic calibration procedure is started. For calibrations with the MINI-PAM-II only (without an external light sensor from a porometer or another leaf clip), the submenu using int. light sensor can be used for light calibration.
  • Page 60 Maintenance _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ When the porometer is in use, this black ring can be tucked away at the end of the handle. If the elasticity of the foam is not given anymore and the leaf chamber troubles with air loss (Flow does not reach Flow values) please exchange the foam.

  • Page 61: Pore Standard Poro/Por

    Maintenance _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pore Standard PORO/POR With the pore standard PORO/POR the functionality of the porometer can be easily checked. It consists of two circular discs with a moist filter paper placed between them. The disc offers six positions, labeled 0-5 based on the number of pores in the lower disc.
  • Page 62 Maintenance _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ for the calculation of the theoretical total conductance of the pore standard. EQ: 1 �� ℎ �� ( �� ) �� �� �� �� �� Whereby R(n) = Resistance of the pore standard depending on the number of pores [s mm n = number of pores A = sample area (79 mm r = pore radius (mm)

  • Page 63: Signal Led

    Tab. 2: Signal Code of LED LED action Status Flashing green Normal operation Continuous Communication from MINI-PAM-II to MINI-PAM- green II/POROMETER interrupted. This happens tem- porarily during firmware update of MINI-PAM-II Flashing red Error: contact Walz. Continuous red Firmware update of MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER...

  • Page 64: 10 Calculations

    10 Calculations Parameters 10.1 The MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER is an open system porometer. An airstream with a constant flow rate passes a defined area of the sample. Sensors upstream and downstream of the leaf chamber detect the water vapor released from the leaf. A non- contact infrared thermometer records the leaf temperature.
  • Page 65 Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Temp; Leaf temperature °C Ambient CO mole fraction µmol mol Transpiration rate mmol m- Vapor pressure deficit between object Pa kPa (leaf) and air Total water vapor conductance mmol m Stomatal conductance mmol m Boundary layer conductance mmol m …N Latitude, GPS coordinates °...

  • Page 66: O Mole Fractions

    Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ O mole fractions 10.2 The H O mole fraction in the air stream is determined by hu- midity sensors before and after leaf interaction. Relative hu- midity, temperature and pressure data are considered for the calculation of upstream H O mole fraction, and the down- stream H O mole fraction, with vapor release of the leaf into...
  • Page 67 Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Whereby SVP (T) = saturation vapor pressure at temperature of the analytical cell calculated according to Goff-Gratch [kPa] (chapter 0), RH = relative humidity in the analytical cell [%], T = analytical cell temperature [°C], P = analytical cell pressure [kPa], In the porometer, humidity sensor data result in the upstream ), and downstream water mole fractions, whereby a dif- ference due the sensor offset (Match) is taken into account for...

  • Page 68: Transpiration Rate (E)

    Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Transpiration Rate (E) 10.3 According to Caemmerer and Farquhar (1981), the transpira- tion rate is calculated as follows: EQ: 6 ∗ (w − w LA ∗ (1000 − w Whereby E = transpiration rate [mmol m = molar flow rate at the inlet of the cuvette [mmol s O mole fraction at the outlet of the cuvette [mmol mol O mole fraction at the inlet of the cuvette...

  • Page 69: Vapor Pressure Deficit (Vpd)

    Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Using the values provided by the porometer the transpiration rate E can be calculated as follows: EQ: 7 �������� ∗ d�� �� ���� 0,00007854 �� ∗ (1 − (�� ��in + d�� ��)) Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) 10.4 According to Caemmerer and Farquhar (1981) the ALVPD (or VPD) is calculated as follows: EQ: 8...
  • Page 70 Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ The intercellular H O concentration (w ) is determined from the temperature of the leaf assuming 100% humidity in the inter- cellular air spaces: EQ: 9 SVP(Tleaf) Pressure Whereby SVP (Tleaf) = saturation vapor pressure at Tleaf calculated according to Goff-Gratch [kPa] (chapter 0), Pressure = total pressure in the leaf chamber [kPa], EQ: 10...

  • Page 71: Water Vapor Conductance (G T )

    Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Water Vapor Conductance (g 10.5 According to Caemmerer and Farquhar (1981) the total water vapor conductance �� is calculated as follows: �� can be calculated from results of equations EQ: 7 and EQ: 10. �� �� EQ: 11 ��...
  • Page 72 Calculations _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ = boundary layer water vapor conduct- �� �� ance [mmol m Solving this equation for the stomatal conductance: EQ: 13 �� �� − �� �� �� �� The boundary layer conductance �� within the porometer was �� determined with an on water floating filterpaper, and ambient O concentration at a dew point of 10°C.

  • Page 73: Geospatial Data

    The MINI-PAM-II/POROMETER is equipped with GPS receiver, UTC time, accelerometer, gyroscope, magneto scope providing precise geographic positioning (latitude, longitude, altitude), solar position, exact orientation of the sample in the field, and in relation to the position of the sun.

  • Page 74: Saturation Vapor Pressure Above Water

    Saturation Vapor Pressure above Water _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ 11 Saturation Vapor Pressure above Water The following three tables show the saturation water vapor pressure above water. The table values were calculated with the formula of Goff-Gratch (List, Robert J.; Smithsonian Meteorological Tables; Smithsonian Institution Press;...
  • Page 75 Saturation Vapor Pressure above Water _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 1: Saturating Vapor Pressure above water Temp. °C 6.108 6.152 6.197 6.242 6.288 6.333 6.379 6.426 6.472 6.519 6.566 6.614 6.661 6.709 6.758 6.807 6.856 6.905 6.955 7.004 7.055 7.105 7.156 7.207 7.259 7.311 7.363 7.416...
  • Page 76 Saturation Vapor Pressure above Water _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Temp. °C 123.395 124.009 124.625 125.244 125.865 126.489 127.116 127.745 128.378 129.012 129.650 130.290 130.933 131.578 132.227 132.878 133.531 134.188 134.847 135.509 136.174 136.842 137.512 138.185 138.861 139.540 140.222 140.907 141.594 142.284 142.978 143.674 144.373 145.074 145.779 146.487 147.198 147.911 148.628 149.347 150.070 150.795 151.524 152.255 152.990 153.727 154.468 155.211 155.958 156.708 157.461 158.217 158.976 159.738 160.503 161.271 162.043 162.818 163.595 164.376 165.161 165.948 166.738 167.532 168.329 169.130 169.933 170.740 171.550 172.363...

  • Page 77: 12 Specifications

    Power supply: MINI-PAM-II leaf clip socket; 6 AA (Mignon) rechargeable batteries (Eneloop 1.2 V/2 Ah) within the MINI-PAM-II typically provide power for more than 8 hours continuous porometer operation at maximum flow. Flu- orescence measurements shorten the operation time (6 AA re- chargeable batteries typ.
  • Page 78 Specifications _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Sample area: 1 cm diameter Flow rates: 40; 60; 80; 100; 120; 140; 160; 180 or 200 µmol s RH sensor accuracy: typ. 20-70 % RH ±1.0 % RH; <20 % RH and >70 % RH ±1.5 % RH; ΔT = ±0.1 °C Pressure sensor accuracy: ±1 hPa Leaf temp.

  • Page 79: Transport Case Poro/T

    Specifications _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Weight: 450 g (excluding cable) Subject to change without prior notice Transport Case PORO/T 12.2 Design: Black case with custom foam packing Dimensions: 31 cm x 26.5 cm x 11 cm (L x W x H) Weight: 1,2 kg Subject to change without prior notice...

  • Page 80: Warranty

    Conditions 12.3 This warranty applies if the defects are called to the attention of Heinz Walz GmbH, Germany, in writing within two (2) years of the shipping date of the product. This warranty shall not apply to any defects or damage directly or indirectly caused by or resulting from the use of unauthorized replacement parts and/or service performed by unauthorized personnel.

  • Page 81: Instructions

    The Warranty Registration form must be completed and returned to Heinz Walz GmbH, Germany. The product must be returned to Heinz Walz GmbH, Germany, within 30 days after Heinz Walz GmbH, Germany has received written notice of the defect.

  • Page 82: 13 Index

    Index _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 Index O ..20, 25, 34, 45, 56, 61, 64, 78 action key bar ........27 E (transpiration rate) ....68, 69 ambient light ......14, 23, 35 equation ........61, 68, 72 angle of incidence ..... 65, 73 Extent of Delivery ........
  • Page 83 Index _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PAR ..7, 35, 36, 37, 42, 45, 49, 50, 78 ............. 64 pneumatic pathway ......8 ........... 64 humidity buffer ........ 12 Pore Standard PORO/POR ....61 Porometer window ......25 humidity gradient ......12 Pressure ..........64 pressure (Pamb) ......
  • Page 84 Index _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ stability ......22, 29, 32, 52 transpiration rate ....65, 68, 69 status panel ........48 Tripod ............17 stomatal conductance ..34, 65, 71 storage ..........12 Sun Az..........65 vapor pressure ......... 66 Sun El........... 65 VPD (water vapor pressure SVP ............

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