ABB GLA131 Series User Manual
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ABB GLA131 Series User Manual

Microportable analyzers
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GLA131 Series
Microportable Analyzers
User Manual
ABB Inc. Measurement & Analytics
3400, rue Pierre-Ardouin
Quebec, (Quebec) G1P 0B2 Canada
Tel: 1 800 858 3847 (North America)
Tel: +1 418 877 2944 (Worldwide)
Fax: +1 418 877 2834
abb.com/analytical
P/N: 3KXG167001R4601_D_10_2022
Rev. D, October 2022

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  • Page 1 GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual ABB Inc. Measurement & Analytics 3400, rue Pierre-Ardouin Quebec, (Quebec) G1P 0B2 Canada Tel: 1 800 858 3847 (North America) Tel: +1 418 877 2944 (Worldwide) Fax: +1 418 877 2834 abb.com/analytical P/N: 3KXG167001R4601_D_10_2022...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Table of Contents Disclaimer ........................4 Cybersecurity ......................5 Patent ..........................5 Copyright ........................5 Customer Support ....................... 5 Introduction ........................7 Safety ..........................8 Class of Laser Equipment ................... 8 Certification ........................8 WEEE Directive ......................
  • Page 3 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Alarm Status Display ....................36 Rate Button ......................... 40 File Transfer Menu ......................41 Standard Data File ....................41 Transfer Data Files ....................42 Directory Types in Local Hard Drive ................ 43 Daily Directory ......................43 Archive Directory .....................

  • Page 4: Disclaimer

    Disclaimer This document contains product specifications and performance statements that may be in conflict with other ABB published literature, such as product flyers and product catalogs. All specifications, product characteristics, and performance statements included in this document are suggested specifications only. In case of conflict between product characteristics in this document and specifications in the official ABB product catalogs, the latter takes precedence.

  • Page 5: Cybersecurity

    ABB and its affiliates are not liable for damages and/or losses related to such security breaches, any unauthorized access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or theft of data or information.
  • Page 6 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Be prepared to provide the serial number or sales order number of the analyzer. NOTE ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...

  • Page 7: Introduction

    Even though this user manual provides additional information on the hardware components and their particular functions, it is recommended to have qualified ABB service personnel resolve any issues with the analyzer. ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...

  • Page 8: Safety

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Safety The following pages provide important safety precautions. Class of Laser Equipment The analyzer is a Class 1 laser analyzer when the case cover is closed for normal operation, and the lock is installed.

  • Page 9: Operator Safety

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 1: Radiation Labels These labels are located on the enclosure covering the ICOS cell. The fiber laser is visible only when the insulated enclosure is removed from the ICOS cell. Operator Safety When the case cover is closed and locked into position, the analyzer runs safely, without risk to the operator.
  • Page 10 Figure 2: Laser Radiation Labels and Magnetic Interlock Switch The analyzer laser is not field serviceable. Should a laser fail in the field, the analyzer must be shipped back to ABB for service repair. The analyzer laser is equipped with a magnetic interlock switch. Whenever the case...

  • Page 11: Safety Provisions

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Safety Provisions Follow these precautions when dealing with all chemicals:  Keep all chemical containers away from heat, sparks, and open flames.  Use only on grounded equipment and with non-sparking tools. ...

  • Page 12: Text Formats And Warning Icons

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Text Formats and Warning Icons Text Formats This section describes text formats and warning icons used in this manual.  Italicized text is used for emphasis in text and to emphasize the names of screens or text fields.

  • Page 13: Product Specification

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Product Specification Table 3 lists analyzer product specifications. Figure 3 illustrates the overall dimensions of the analyzer. Figure 4 illustrates attached external components. Table 3: Product Specification Parameters Specification Physical Length: 34.7 cm (13.37 in) x Width: 29.5 cm (11.6 in) x Dimensions Height: 14.8 cm (5.8 in) (see Figure 3)
  • Page 14 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 3: Analyzer Dimensions Figure 4: Analyzer Case Component Identification ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...
  • Page 15 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 5: Analyzer Replaceable Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...

  • Page 16: Environmental Requirements

    To prevent damage to the analyzer, do not expose the analyzer to, or use the analyzer in, rain or snow. WARNING! ABB does not endorse operation of any analyzer (including MicroGuard™) not certified for operation in hazardous locations CAUTION! continuously in air that contains methane levels higher than the lower flammability limit (LFL), where LFL for methane in air is 4.4%...

  • Page 17: Features And Measurement Theory

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Features and Measurement Theory The analyzer is a cavity-based spectroscopy instrument. The analyzer’s cavity design enhances the absorption of laser light by the target gas molecule. This enhancement improves the signal-to-noise ratio over conventional laser sensors enabling trace gas measurement and sensitive monitoring.

  • Page 18: Gas Inlet And Outlet

    This power supply contains a 10 A 32 V DC automotive fuse inside the external power-input harness. There is also an optional battery charger (ACC-MICRO-BC) when extra batteries need to be charged outside the analyzer. Do not use a battery other than the battery provided by ABB. WARNING! Data Interface ...

  • Page 19: Plumbing Diagram

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Plumbing Diagram The internal flow of gas through the analyzer is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7: Plumbing Diagram The gas enters the sample inlet (IN) and is initially filtered through a 5 µm screen filter.
  • Page 20 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Table 5: Ports and Services Port Service Function 22/tcp Secure Shell (SSH) Remote shell login 445/tcp SMB Version 2 or File sharing higher 2222/tcp Modbus/TCP Data streaming (option) 5900/tcp TCP/VNC Remote login 20002/tcp...

  • Page 21: User Interface Operation

    To maximize cybersecurity, users are advised to change all passwords from their default value. WARNING! Malware Protection The analyzer’s operating system runs Xubuntu 18.04LTS. ABB runs an anti-virus scanner on each disk image at the factory to ensure no malware is inadvertently included. Set Up Communication...

  • Page 22: Wifi Setup

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual WiFi Setup 1. Power on the analyzer by pressing the Power button on the case right side. 2. On the tablet, cell phone, or laptop, go to the WiFi symbol to access all available networks your device can see.
  • Page 23 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 9: Admin Password Panel b. Input your default password, 123456789, in the Old Password field. c. Input your new password in the New Password field. The new password must be at least five characters long.

  • Page 24: Vnc Viewer User Interface

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 11: Save New WiFi Password VNC Viewer User Interface The VNC Viewer® application must be installed on a tablet, cell phone, or laptop PC, to allow a wireless remote-control connection between the analyzer and the interface.
  • Page 25 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 13: VNC Icon The following procedure is for an Android device with a newly installed VNC application to establish communication with the analyzer using VNC. 1. Tap or click on the VNC application to execute it: The screen shown in Figure 14 appears.
  • Page 26 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 15: No Connections New connection Address 4. The screen appears. Enter the parameter of the New connection: Wireless IP on the analyzer label, as shown in Figure 16. Name Name 5. Enter the name of the device to be connected under .
  • Page 27 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 16: New Connection Server (Analyzer) Address 6. Tap or click CREATE to create the VNC communication network. 7. Enter the password for the VNC Viewer to the analyzer: lgrvnc (see Figure 17).
  • Page 28 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 17: VNC Network Password Screen 8. Select CONNECT: The VNC application displays an informational message indicating the VNC attempt at connection (see Figure 18). Figure 18: VNC Attempting Connection Screen ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...

  • Page 29: Log In

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Log In To access the analyzer user interface features, log into the system as follows: 1. Click the Security button on the Control Bar (see Figure 19). Figure 19: Control Bar Security Button 2.

  • Page 30: Change User Password

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Change User Password Upon commissioning of the analyzer, all passwords should be changed. Table 6 lists the default passwords. Table 6: Default Passwords 3456789 3456789 samba lgrsmb lgrvnc Wireless Key goodlife Wireless Router...

  • Page 31: Add New User

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 22: Change Password Dialog-Box 3. Enter the new password in the New Password field. 4. Re-enter the new password in the Confirm New Password field. 5. Click Change Password. If you forget the new password, it is not recoverable.

  • Page 32: Log Out

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 23: Add User Dialog-Box 3. Enter a username in the User Name field. 4. Enter a password in the Password field. 5. Re-enter the new password in the Confirm Password field. 6. Select a group from the Group Name drop-down menu: Admin, Service, or User.

  • Page 33: Display

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Select an option by tapping the required button on the touchscreen tablet/phone. Adjust the screen size and zooming using the pinch-and-expand motion of your fingers on the tablet screen as you would on a regular tablet for zooming.
  • Page 34 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual The analyzer may optionally be a dual-laser system. For example, the GLA131-GGA Spectrum has a drop-down selector in the lower right portion of the display which lets you toggle between the two lasers: ...

  • Page 35: Timechart Display

    The transmitted intensity also provides important information about the analyzer measurement module light source. A drop in intensity may indicate an issue with the laser, detector, ICOS module mirrors, or supporting electronics board. This information is helpful when contacting ABB service about the issue. Timechart Display Timechart display (see Figure 29) provides the absorption (in ppm or ppb) of the sample gas measured.

  • Page 36: Alarm Status Display

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 30: Timechart Refresh Display Alarm Status Display Alarm Status display, shown in Figure 31 and Figure 32, indicates the real-time analyzer operational status. The status uses traffic-light color indication. Green indicates no problem. Yellow indicates the analyzer is out-of-spec or maintenance is soon required.
  • Page 37 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 31: Alarm Status Display – GLA131-GPC ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...
  • Page 38 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 32: Alarm Status Display – GLA131-GGA Table 7 describes the analyzer alarm status. ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...
  • Page 39 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Table 7: Analyzer Alarm Status Warning / Alarm UI Display Detected Problem Data Health Laser A and/or B goodness of fit is poor Alarm (A)/(B) Alarm Pressure Pressure is not in operating range...

  • Page 40: Rate Button

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Rate Button The Rate button on the Control Bar changes the rate at which data are written to Rate Control Adjustment the log file. Figure 33 displays the pop-up box which appears when the Rate button is clicked.

  • Page 41: File Transfer Menu

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual File Transfer Menu Use the File Transfer menu to access data collected by the analyzer.  Each time the analyzer is re-started, the most recent file name is displayed in the form: mgga_2022-12-29_f0001.txt, where the: o First set of characters represent the analyzer model (mgga).

  • Page 42: Transfer Data Files

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual  At the end of each data file are encoded listings of settings used by the analyzer for that data file. Settings are typically stored for diagnostic or troubleshooting purposes. Transfer Data Files...

  • Page 43: Directory Types In Local Hard Drive

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual USB drives should be no larger than 8 GB. They must be FAT32. NOTE When you have finished transferring files: Safe to Remove USB 5. Click the Unmount USB button, then wait for the Memory Device message, before removing the USB memory device.

  • Page 44: Archive Directory

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 36: Daily Directory Archive Directory The local hard drive (Figure 35) creates an archived folder containing zipped files organized by date. (Figure 37) To access the archived files, double-click the Archive folder. (Figure 35) Each file is a single zipped .txt file, using the following convention: YYYY-MM-...

  • Page 45: File Transfer Error Screen

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 37: Archive Directory File Transfer Error Screen File Transfer Error screen (Figure 38) displays when:  The USB key does not have enough storage space.  The device is not recognized. Try again with a correctly inserted USB device.

  • Page 46: Setup Button

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Setup Button Click Setup on the Control Bar to access the Setup screen, which provides additional configuration and service menus: The Time/Files tab is displayed by default (see Figure 39). Figure 39: Setup Screen...

  • Page 47: Time/Files

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual  Security: Change security settings including changing passwords; adding, deleting, and assigning users; and returning the system to default settings. Security Refer to the section. Time/Files Time/Files Click the Time/Files tab to access the menu.

  • Page 48: Calibration

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Table 8: Timestamp Formats Timestamp Name Format mm/dd/yyyy, Absolute Local American hh:mm:ss.sss dd/mm/yyyy, Absolute Local European hh:mm:ss.sss mm/dd/yyyy, Absolute GMT American hh:mm:ss.sss dd/mm/yyyy, Absolute GMT European hh:mm:ss.sss Relative Seconds After Power On ssssss.sss Relative Seconds in Hours, hh:mm:ss.sss...

  • Page 49: Laser Adjust

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual To perform a gas calibration, connect the traceable, regulated bottle gas to the analyzer gas-inlet line (see Figure 41 for parameters referred to in the procedure): 1. Click Setup, then the Calibration tab.
  • Page 50 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 42: Absorption Peaks off Target Lines – Voltage Adjustment Required Laser adjustment may be required if the analyzer has not been operated for a long time, and the laser’s wavelength has drifted beyond the target range of the analyzer.

  • Page 51: Miu

    Figure 43: Absorption Peaks Centered Correctly on Target Lines The (optional) Multi-Port Inlet Unit (MIU-8) is an ABB accessory that allows automated control of 8 inlet ports. The MIU-8 directs samples of multiple unknown gases and multiple reference gases through a series of inlet ports and digitally controlled valves directly into the inlet port of the analyzer.
  • Page 52 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 44: Control Menu for MIU Figure 45 shows the front panel of the eight-port MIU. Figure 45: MIU Front Panel ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...
  • Page 53 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Control of the MIU is unidirectional. The analyzer does not receive feedback on the MIU state. If the MIU is enabled in the analyzer Setup panel, the data file is tagged with MIU valve descriptions whether or not the MIU is properly connected.
  • Page 54 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 47: MIU Port Output Connector Table 9: MIU Port Pinouts and MIU Port Numbers MIU Output Connector MIU Port No. Pin No. Ground 3. Connect a ¼ inch Teflon tube from your gas source into one of the numbered inlet ports.
  • Page 55 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Disconnect the MIU Push the outer ring around the inlet and outlet connectors on the MIU to release the ¼ inch tubing. Control MIU Using Analyzer Setup Panel 1. Click Setup on the Control Bar. (Figure 25) Setup 2.
  • Page 56 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 49: Gas Manifold Control Screen for MIU, Enabled If a valve is set to 0, the entry is ignored. Each defined gas is sampled sequentially in its respective group (unknown or reference).

  • Page 57: Service

    10. When sampling is complete, disable the MIU by returning to the screen, then uncheck the MIU Enable box. (Figure 48) Service ABB-trained field service engineers monitor the performance of the analyzer via the Service screen. (Figure 51)  These settings determine the level of change that could affect measurement performance.

  • Page 58: Data Output Logging

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 51: Service Screen Data Output Logging Serial Logger Serial Logger Click the Serial Logger tab to access the menu, in which you can change how data reported at the RS-232 port are configured.
  • Page 59 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 52: Serial Logger Menu Use a null modem serial cable to connect the analyzer serial port to an external computer. NOTE Active Listeners (OPT-DATALOG Option) Select which serial port(s) are available to stream data: ICOS, ANEMOMETER, or MAVLINK.

  • Page 60: Modbus Tcp

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Standard settings are provided for:  Baud rate  Parity  Stop bits  Data bits  Timeout The actual rate of the serial output is equal to the Logged File Rate (that is, 1 Hz)
  • Page 61 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Modbus Logger Modbus Logger Click the Modbus Logger tab to access the menu. Figure 53: Modbus Logger Menu Use this menu to view the Modbus data stream and analyzer alarm status. You can also change certain Modbus settings from the default configuration including: ...
  • Page 62 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual contain the same data and are interchangeable to provide the greatest flexibility for recording data. The analyzer process variables and their order can be found in the local data file as a header or as listed in Table 10. These columns of data are mapped directly into Epoch the Modbus holding register starting at 040000.
  • Page 63 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Variable Register Data Format 040017 040018 [CH4]d_ppm_sd 040019 040020 [CO2]d_ppm 040021 040022 [CO2]d_ppm_sd 040023 040024 GasP_torr 040025 040026 GasP_torr_sd 040027 040028 GasT_C 040029 040030 GasT_C_sd 040031 040032 AmbT_C 040033 040034 AmbT_C_sd 040035 040036...
  • Page 64 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Variable Register Data Format 040040 RD1_us 040041 040042 RD1_us_sd 040043 040044 040045 040046 Gnd_sd 040047 040048 LTC0_v 040049 040050 LTC0_v_sd 040051 040052 LTC1_v 040053 040054 LTC1_v_sd 040055 040056 Batt_v 040057 040058 Batt_v_sd 040059...
  • Page 65 The analyzer health alarms are stored in the coil registers and follow the standard ABB system health ordering. Each alarm type consists of two coil registers: the first for a warning state and the second for an alarm state. The order for alarms is shown in Table 11.

  • Page 66: Security

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Health Event Warning Alarm Description Register Register Data Health A 00008 00009 Laser A goodness of fit Data Health B 00010 00011 Laser B goodness of fit Mirror Health A 00012 00013 Mirror health has degraded...

  • Page 67: User Management

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 55: Security Screen User Management User Management area lets you do the following:  Change the VNC server password  Change the SSH password  Change the Samba Share password  Add and delete users, and assign to groups...
  • Page 68 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 56: Remote VNC Login 3. Click Enable: A message appears stating the connection to the VNC Server will not be encrypted. Figure 57: VNC Server Warning Message 4. To proceed, click Yes: The VNC server is enabled, and you can connect to the analyzer via the VNC interface.
  • Page 69 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 59: Change VNC Password Dialog-Box 6. Enter the current VNC password in the Current Password field. (The default VNC password is lgrvnc 7. Enter the new password in the New Password field.
  • Page 70 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Change Samba Share Password To change the Samba Share password, perform the following: Setup 1. From the screen, click the Security tab. Change Samba Password 2. Click Samba Share (data): The dialog-box appears.
  • Page 71 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Table 12: User Level Access Admin Service User ✔ ✔ ✔ Numeric ✔ ✔ ✔ Spectrum ✔ ✔ ✔ Time Chart ✔ ✔ ✔ Alarm Status ✔ ✔ ✔ Rate ✔ ✔ ✔...
  • Page 72 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Add User To add a user, perform the following: Only users belonging to the Admin and Service groups can add new users. NOTE Setup 1. From the screen, click the Security tab. Users 2.

  • Page 73: Set Icos Default Data

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual If you try to add a user and are in the User group (instead of the Admin or Service group), a dialog box (Figure 24) appears, and you must cancel the action. Delete User...

  • Page 74: Analyzer Shutdown

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual 3. Enter the lgr user Linux password in the lgr Password field. (The default lgr user Linux password is 3456789.) 4. Click Clear Data: The message shown in Figure 64 appears. Figure 64: Clear ICOS Data Message 5.

  • Page 75: Service

    The analyzer laser is not field serviceable. Should a laser fail in the field, the analyzer must be shipped back to ABB for service repair. The analyzer laser is equipped with a magnetic interlock switch. Whenever the case cover is opened, the magnetic switch breaks contact from the magnetically encoded counterpart, and power is interrupted from the Laser Controller PCB in the analyzer, thus, disabling the laser.

  • Page 76: Spare Parts Kit

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual  Includes: replacement pump and 5 µm filters (2) Spare Parts Kit  Part number: SPK-131V2  Includes: replacement pump, filters, and pressure controller Sampling Kit  Part number: ACC-MICRO-KIT  Includes: wand and shoulder strap MicroGuard™...

  • Page 77: Preventive Maintenance

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Preventive Maintenance Daily Operation Checklist Table 13 describes routine maintenance tasks that keep your analyzer operating smoothly. Table 13: Maintenance Checklist Frequency Task  Spectrum On the display, verify that the spectrum is Every 1-2 days correct.

  • Page 78: Battery Replacement

    User Manual  Request a mirror cleaning kit from ABB or your local distributor.  If further maintenance is required, contact ABB or your local distributor for service. o ABB call center: 1-800-858-3847 (North America) or +1 418-877-2944 (Worldwide) o ABB Technical Support: icos.support@ca.abb.com...
  • Page 79 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual For analyzer functionality and user safety, only use batteries provided by ABB. CAUTION! To replace the battery, perform the following (see Figure 67): Figure 67: Battery Replacement 1. Ensure the analyzer power is OFF.

  • Page 80: Fuse Replacement

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual The battery automatically recharges when the analyzer power is NOTE Fuse Replacement If one of the fuses blows or is otherwise damaged, the analyzer automatically turns off. There are two fuses in the analyzer – one 5 A fuse for the battery input and one 10 A fuse for the power input.
  • Page 81 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 70: Analyzer Fuse Locations 7. Remove the fuse from the fuse fixture: Pull the cover off, then slide the fuse out. Figure 71 shows the fuses with the covers removed. ABB PROPRIETARY INFORMATION...
  • Page 82 ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Figure 71: Fuses with Fuse Covers Removed 8. Insert the new fuse into the fuse fixture, then attach the fuse cover. 9. Close the analyzer case cover. 10. Move the analyzer back to the original location.

  • Page 83: Appendix A Theory Of Operation

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Appendix A Theory of Operation For gas measurements based on conventional laser-absorption spectroscopy, a laser beam is directed through a sample, and the mixing ratio (or mole fraction) of gas is determined from the measured absorption using Beer’s Law, which may be expressed with Equation 1.

  • Page 84: Appendix Babb Oa-Icos Technology

    ABB GLA131 Series Microportable Analyzers User Manual Appendix B ABB OA-ICOS Technology Off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) uses a high-finesse optical cavity as an absorption cell. Unlike multi-pass detectors typically limited to path lengths of less than 200 meters, an OA-ICOS absorption cell effectively traps the laser photon so that, on average, it makes thousands of passes before leaving the cell.

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