Page 1 $SSOLFDWLRQ PDQXDO REO 517*2.4 Multi-functional terminals for railway application $ERXW WKLV PDQXDO Document No: 1MRK 506 132-UEN Issued: November 2002 Revision: - © Copyright 2002 ABB. All rights reserved.
Page 2 285 352'8&76 $5( '(9(/23(' 72 7+( /$7(67 7(&+12/2*,&$/ 67$1'$5'6 $6 $ 5(68/7 ,7 ,6 3266,%/( 7+$7 7+(5( 0$< %( 620( ',))(5(1&(6 %(7:((1 7+( +:6: 352'8&7 $1' 7+,6 ,1)250$7,21 352'8&7 0DQXIDFWXUHU ABB Automation Technology Products AB Control & Force Measurement Substation Automation SE-721 59 Västerås...
Page 3 &RQWHQWV &KDSWHU 3DJH &KDSWHU ,QWURGXFWLRQ Introduction to the application manual ..........2 About the complete set of manuals for a terminal ......2 Intended audience ................3 Related documents................. 3 Revision notes ................3 Acronyms and abbreviations ............3 &KDSWHU *HQHUDO Features....................
Page 4 &RQWHQWV Blocking of signals during test ............53 Functionality.................. 53 &KDSWHU /LQH LPSHGDQFH 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW)..........56 Application ..................56 Functionality.................. 60 Design................... 64 Calculations .................. 66 Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)........... 72 Application ..................72 Functionality..................
Page 5 &RQWHQWV Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) ........118 Application .................. 118 Functionality ................118 Calculations ................120 Breaker failure protection (BFP) ............123 Application .................. 123 Functionality ................125 Design ..................128 Calculations ................129 100 Hz protection (HHZ)..............131 Application ..................
Page 6 &RQWHQWV Functionality................154 Calculations ................155 &KDSWHU 6HFRQGDU\ V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ Fuse failure supervision (FFRW) ............. 158 Application .................. 158 Functionality................158 Calculations ................160 &KDSWHU &RQWURO Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW)........ 162 Application .................. 162 Functionality................167 Calculations ................
Page 7 &RQWHQWV &KDSWHU /RJLF Trip logic (TR) .................. 284 Application .................. 284 Functionality ................284 Calculations ................284 Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC) ........285 Application .................. 285 Design ..................285 Event function (EV)................288 Application .................. 288 Functionality ................
Page 8 &RQWHQWV Calculations ................337 Monitoring of AC analog measurements.......... 338 Application .................. 338 Functionality................338 Design..................348 Calculations ................349 Monitoring of DC analog measurements ......... 353 Application .................. 353 Functionality................353 Design..................362 Calculations ................364 &KDSWHU 0HWHULQJ Pulse counter logic (PC) ..............
Page 9 &RQWHQWV Design ..................394 Calculations ................395 Serial communication, LON ............. 399 Application .................. 399 Functionality ................399 Design ..................399 Calculations ................400 Serial communication modules (SCM) ..........401 SPA/IEC ..................401 LON .................... 401 &KDSWHU +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV Platform ...................
Page 10 &RQWHQWV...
Page 11 &KDSWHU About this chapter ,QWURGXFWLRQ &KDSWHU ,QWURGXFWLRQ $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter introduces you to the manual as such.
Page 12 &KDSWHU Introduction to the application manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ PDQXDO $ERXW WKH FRPSOHWH VHW RI PDQXDOV IRU D WHUPLQDO The complete package of manuals to a terminal is named users manual (UM). The 8V HUV PDQXDO consists of four different manuals: Application Technical Installation and...
Page 13 &KDSWHU Introduction to the application manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QWHQGHG DXGLHQFH *HQHUDO The application manual is addressing the system engineer/technical responsible who is responsible for specifying the application of the terminal. 5HTXLUHPHQWV The system engineer/technical responsible must have a good knowledge about protec- tion systems, protection equipment, protection functions and the configured functional logics in the protection.
Page 14 &KDSWHU Introduction to the application manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ &RGLUHFWLRQDO Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twist- ed pairs making it possible to transmit information in both direc- tions. &RPSDFW3&, An adaption of the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) spec- ification for industrial and/or embedded applications requiring a more robust mechanical form factor than desktop PCI.
Page 15 &KDSWHU Introduction to the application manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ 56 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in point-to-point connections. 56 A generic connector specification that can be used to support RS422, V.35 and X.21 and others. Substation Automation. Strömberg Protection Acquisition, a serial master/slave protocol for point-to-point communication.
Page 16 &KDSWHU Introduction to the application manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ...
Page 17 &KDSWHU About this chapter *HQHUDO &KDSWHU *HQHUDO $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the terminal in general.
Page 18 &KDSWHU Features *HQHUDO )HDWXUHV • Open terminal with extensive configuration possibilities and expandable hardware design to meet specific user requirements • Suitable for railway systems running at 16 2/3, 50 and 60 Hz • Full scheme phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth distance protection with three zones •...
Page 19 *HQHUDO $SSOLFDWLRQ The main purpose of the REO 517 terminal is the protection, control and monitoring of railway electric power systems in single or two-phase high impedance or solidly earthed railway systems, which is running at 16 2/3, 50 or 60 Hz. It is suitable for the protection of lines where the load varies within wide limits due to train operation.
Page 20 Design *HQHUDO 'HVLJQ Type tested software and hardware that comply with international standards and ABB´s internal design rules together with extensive self monitoring functionality, ensure high reliability of the complete terminal. The terminal’s closed and partly welded steel case makes it possible to fulfill the strin- gent EMC requirements.
Page 21 &KDSWHU Requirements *HQHUDO 5HTXLUHPHQWV 7UDQVIRUPHUV *HQHUDO The operation of a protection measuring function is influenced by distortion and mea- sures need to be taken in the protection to handle this phenomenon. One source of dis- tortion is current transformer saturation. In this protection terminal, measures are taken to allow for a certain amount of CT saturation with maintained correct operation.
Page 22 &KDSWHU Requirements *HQHUDO • low remanence type CT • non remanence type CT 7KH KLJK UHPDQHQFH W\SH has no limit for the remanence flux. This CT has a magnetic core without any airgap and a remanence flux might remain for almost infinite time. In this type of transformers the remanence flux can be up to 70-80% of the saturation flux.
Page 23 &KDSWHU Requirements *HQHUDO All testing was made without any remanence flux in the current transformer core. The requirements below are therefore fully valid for a core with no remanence flux. It is dif- ficult to give general recommendations for additional margins for remanence flux. They depend on the reliability and economy requirements.
Page 24 CT (TPZ) is not well defined as far as the phase angle error is concerned, and we therefore recommend contacting ABB Automation Products AB to confirm that the type in question can be used.
Page 25 &KDSWHU Requirements *HQHUDO 60 Hz 50 Hz )LJXUH )DFWRU D DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH IUHTXHQF\ DQG WKH WLPH FRQVWDQW 60 Hz 50 Hz )LJXUH )DFWRU N DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH IUHTXHQF\ DQG WKH WLPH FRQVWDQW...
Page 26 &KDSWHU Requirements *HQHUDO &XUUHQW WUDQVIRUPHU UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU &7V DFFRUGLQJ WR RWKHU VWDQGDUGV All kinds of conventional magnetic core CTs are possible to be used with REx 5xx ter- minals if they fulfil the requirements that correspond to the above specified according to the IEC 60044-6 standard.
Page 27 &KDSWHU Requirements *HQHUDO &XUUHQW WUDQVIRUPHU DFFRUGLQJ WR $16,,((( A CT according to ANSI/IEEE is specified in a little different way. For example a CT of class C has a specified secondary terminal voltage U . There is a few standard- ANSI ized value of U (e.g.
Page 28 For connection of the optical fibre loop to a PC or a telephone modem, an opto/electrical converter is required. The converter is supplied by ABB. The protection terminal can be used in a substation control system (SCS). For that pur- pose, connect the LON communication link to a LON Star Coupler via optical fibres.
Page 29 &KDSWHU Requirements *HQHUDO +DUGZDUH UHTXLUHPHQWV 3HUVRQDO FRPSXWHU IRU KXPDQ PDFKLQH LQWHUIDFLQJ The PC shall comply with the following requirements: • the CAP tools must be available for communication to the front port • one serial port (COM) available • general PC requirements are defined by the used software tools.
Page 30 &KDSWHU Terminal identification and base values *HQHUDO 7HUPLQDO LGHQWLILFDWLRQ DQG EDVH YDOXHV $SSOLFDWLRQ Serial number, software version and the identification names and numbers for the sta- tion, the object and the terminal (unit) itself can be stored in the REx 5xx terminal. Also the ordering numbers of included modules are stored in the terminal.
Page 31 &KDSWHU Terminal identification and base values *HQHUDO where: = secondary rated current of the main CT = primary rated current of the main CT PRIM = primary setting value of the current The relay setting value IP>> is given in percentage of the secondary base current value, Ixb, associated to the current transformer input Ix: ⋅...
Page 32 &KDSWHU Terminal identification and base values *HQHUDO ⋅ ------------------ - 100 UPE< (Equation 14) The value of Uxb can be calculated as: Rated primary voltage --------------------------------------------------- ------- VT ratio...
Page 33 &KDSWHU About this chapter &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV &KDSWHU &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter presents the common functions in the terminal.
Page 34 &KDSWHU Time synchronisation (TIME) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV 7LPH V\QFKURQLVDWLRQ 7,0( $SSOLFDWLRQ Use time synchronisation to achieve a common time base for the terminals in a protec- tion and control system. This makes comparision of events and disturbance data be- tween all terminals in the system possible. Time-tagging of internal events and disturbances is an excellent help when evaluating faults.
Page 35 &KDSWHU Time synchronisation (TIME) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV • • Minute pulse positive flank • Minute pulse negative flank The function input to be used for minute-pulse synchronisation is called TIME-MIN- SYNC. The internal time can be set manually down to the minute level, either via the local HMI or via any of the communication ports.
Page 36 &KDSWHU Setting group selector (GRP) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV 6HWWLQJ JURXS VHOHFWRU *53 $SSOLFDWLRQ Different conditions in networks of different voltage levels require high adaptability of the used protection and control units to best provide for dependability, security and se- lectivity requirements. Protection units operate with higher degree of availability, espe- cially, if the setting values of their parameters are continuously optimised regarding the conditions in power system.
Page 37 &KDSWHU Setting group selector (GRP) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV ACTIVATE GROU P 4 ACTIVATE GROU P 3 ACTIVATE GROU P 2 ACTIVATE GROU P 1 +R L2 IOx-Bly1 ‡ GRP--ACTG RP1 IOx-Bly2 ‡ GR P--AC TGRP2 ‡ IOx-Bly3 GRP--ACTG RP3 ‡ IOx-Bly4 GRP--ACTG RP4 en01000144.vsd...
Page 38 &KDSWHU Setting lockout (HMI) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV 6HWWLQJ ORFNRXW +0, $SSOLFDWLRQ Unpermitted or uncoordinated changes by unauthorized personnel may cause severe damage to primary and secondary power circuits. Use the setting lockout function to prevent unauthorized setting changes and to control when setting changes are allowed. By adding a key switch connected to a binary input a simple setting change control cir- cuit can be built simply allowing only authorized keyholders to make setting changes.
Page 39 &KDSWHU Setting lockout (HMI) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV R e x 5 xx H M I--B L O C K S E T S W IT C H & W IT H K E Y S e ttin g R e s tric t= B lo c k R E S TR IC T S E T T IN G S e n 01 0 00 1 52 .vs d...
Page 40 &KDSWHU I/O system configurator (IOP) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV ,2 V\VWHP FRQILJXUDWRU ,23 $SSOLFDWLRQ The I/O system configurator must be used in order to recognize included modules and to create internal adress mappings between modules and protections and other func- tions. )XQFWLRQDOLW\ The I/O system configurator is used to add, remove or move I/O modules in the REx 5xx terminals.
Page 41 &KDSWHU I/O system configurator (IOP) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV If the user-entered configuration does not match the actual configuration in the termi- nal, an error output is activated on the function block, which can be treated as an event or alarm. ,2 SRVLWLRQ The IOP1 (I/O position) function block is the same for the different casings, indepen- dent of the number of slots available.
Page 42 &KDSWHU I/O system configurator (IOP) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV • Secondly, connect the POSITION input of the logical I/O module to a slot output of the IOP function block. IOP1- IO01- ,2326,7,21 ,202'8/( POSITION ERROR BI16 IO02- ,202'8/( POSITION ERROR BI16 en01000142.vsd )LJXUH ([DPSOH RI DQ ,2FRQILJXUDWLRQ LQ WKH JUDSKLFDO &$3 WRRO IRU D 5([ [[...
Page 43 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV /RJLF IXQFWLRQ EORFNV $SSOLFDWLRQ $SSOLFDWLRQ Different protection, control, and monitoring functions within the REx 5xx terminals are quite independent as far as their configuration in the terminal is concerned. The user cannot enter and change the basic algorithms for different functions, because they are located in the digital signal processors and extensively type tested.
Page 44 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV 7DEOH 7UXWK WDEOH IRU WKH ,19 IXQFWLRQ EORFN ,1387 &RQWUROODEOH JDWH *7 The GT function block is used for controlling if a signal should be able to pass or not depending on a setting. The function block (figure 7) has one input, designated GTnn- INPUT, where nn presents the serial number of the block.
Page 45 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV OR function blocks are used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean variables. The function block (figure 8) has six inputs, designated Onnn-INPUTm, where nnn presents the serial number of the block, and m presents the serial number of the inputs in the block.
Page 46 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV AND function blocks are used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean variables. The function block (figure 9) has four inputs (one of them inverted), desig- nated Annn-INPUTm (Annn-INPUT4N is inverted), where nnn presents the serial number of the block, and m presents the serial number of the inputs in the block.
Page 47 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV ,1387 ,1387 ,1387 ,13871 1287 7LPHU The function block TM timer has outputs for delayed input signal at drop-out and at pick-up. The timer (figure 10) has a settable time delay TMnn-T between 0.00 and 60.00 s in steps of 0.01 s.
Page 48 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV TLnn INPUT Time delay 0.0-90000.0s xx00000526.vsd )LJXUH )XQFWLRQ EORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH 7LPHU/RQJ IXQFWLRQ The input variable to INPUT is obtained delayed a settable time T at output OFF when the input variable changes from 1 to 0 in accordance with the time pulse diagram, figure 12.
Page 49 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV The input variable to INPUT is obtained delayed a settable time T at output ON when the input variable changes from 0 to 1 in accordance with the time pulse diagram, figure 13. The output ON signal returns immediately when the input variable changes from 1 to 0.
Page 50 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV INPUT1 INPUT2 NOUT FIXED-OFF INPUT3 INPUT4 Pulse INPUT5 INPUT INPUT6 INPUT 0.00-60.00s xx00000534.vsd )LJXUH 5HDOL]DWLRQ H[DPSOH RI D WLPHU GHOD\HG RQ GURSRXW 7LPHU VHWWDEOH WKURXJK +0,606367 The function block TS timer has outputs for delayed input signal at drop-out and at pick-up.
Page 51 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV For details about the function see the description of TM Timer. 3XOVH The pulse function can be used, for example, for pulse extensions or limiting of opera- tion of outputs. The pulse timer TP (figure 17) has a settable length of a pulse between 0.00 s and 60.00 s in steps of 0.01 s.
Page 52 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV A memory is set when the input INPUT is set to 1. The output OUT then goes to 1. When the time set T has elapsed, the memory is cleared and the output OUT goes to 0. If a new pulse is obtained at the input INPUT before the time set T has elapsed, it does not affect the timer.
Page 53 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV XOnn INPUT1 INPUT2 NOUT xx00000517.vsd )LJXUH )XQFWLRQ EORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH ;25 IXQFWLRQ The output signal (OUT) is set to 1 if the input signals are different and to 0 if they are equal.
Page 54 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV SRnn ≥1 & NOUT RESET xx00000519.vsd )LJXUH )XQFWLRQ EORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH 6HW5HVHW IXQFWLRQ 6HW5HVHW ZLWKZLWKRXW PHPRU\ 60 The function block Set-Reset (SM) (figure 22) with/without memory has two inputs, designated SMnn-SET and SMnn-RESET, where nn presents the serial number of the block.
Page 55 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV SMnn ≥1 & NOUT RESET Memory=On,Off xx00000520.vsd )LJXUH )XQFWLRQ EORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH 6HW5HVHW ZLWKZLWKRXW PHPRU\ IXQFWLRQ 029( The MOVE function blocks, so called copy-blocks, are used for synchronization of boolean signals sent between logics with slow execution time and logics with fast exe- cution time.
Page 56 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV Synchronization with MOL should be used if a signal produced in the slow logic is used in several places outside this logic, or if several signals produced in the slow logic are used together outside this logic, and there is a similar need for synchronization. Figure 23 shows an example of logic, which can result in malfunctions on the output signal from the AND gate to the right in the figure.
Page 57 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV Fast logic Slow logic Fast logic MOFn Function 2 Function 1 MOVE MOLn Function 3 & MOVE & xx00000541.vsd )LJXUH ([DPSOH RI ORJLF ZLWK V\QFKURQL]HG VLJQDOV MOFn and MOLn, n=1-3, have 16 inputs and 16 outputs. Each INPUTm is copied to the corresponding OUTPUTm, where m presents the serial number of the input and the output in the block.
Page 58 &KDSWHU Logic function blocks &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV For each cycle time, the function block is given an execution serial number. This is shown when using the CAP configuration tool with the designation of the function block and the cycle time, for example, TMnn-(1044, 6). TMnn is the designation of the function block, 1044 is the execution serial number and 6 is the cycle time.
Page 59 &KDSWHU Self supervision (INT) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV 6HOI VXSHUYLVLRQ ,17 $SSOLFDWLRQ The REx 5xx protection and control terminals have a complex design with many includ- ed functions. The included self-supervision function and the INTernal signals function block provide good supervision of the terminal. The different safety measures and fault signals makes it easier to analyze and locate a fault.
Page 60 &KDSWHU Self supervision (INT) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV )XQFWLRQDOLW\ The self-supervision status can be monitored from the local HMI or via the PST Param- eter Setting Tool or a SMS/SCS system. Under the Terminal Report menu in the local HMI the present information from the self-supervision function can be viewed.
Page 61 &KDSWHU Self supervision (INT) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV Fault Power supply fault Power supply module Watchdog I/O nodes TX overflow Fault Master resp. Supply fault & ReBoot I/O INTERNAL FAIL Checksum fault A/D conv. Fault module Main CPU Fault Supply fault Parameter check I/O nodes = BIM, BOM, IOM PSM, MIM or DCM...
Page 62 &KDSWHU Self supervision (INT) &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV Checksum A/D Converter INT--ADC Module & Node reports Send Rem Error Synch error >1 NO RX Data Remote RTC-WARNING terminal >1 communication NO TX Clock Check RemError TIME-RTCERR INT--CPUWARN >1 TIME-SYNCERR RTC-WARNING INT--WARNING >1 INT--CPUWARN Watchdog...
Page 63 &KDSWHU Blocking of signals during test &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV %ORFNLQJ RI VLJQDOV GXULQJ WHVW )XQFWLRQDOLW\ This blocking function is only active during operation in the test mode, see example in figure28. When exiting the test mode, entering normal mode, this blocking is disabled and everything is set to normal operation.
Page 64 &KDSWHU Blocking of signals during test &RPPRQ IXQFWLRQV...
Page 65 &KDSWHU About this chapter /LQH LPSHGDQFH &KDSWHU /LQH LPSHGDQFH $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the line impedance functions in the terminal.
Page 66 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH ]RQH LPSHGDQFH SURWHFWLRQ =Q5: $SSOLFDWLRQ The impedance protection, ZnRW is intended for single-phase and two-phase systems. The protection is a full-scheme distance protection with three impedance zones and with individual measuring elements for all fault types. Each zone has a quadrilateral characteristic (see figure 29).
Page 67 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH The limitation in the reactive reach is a straight line, parallel with the R-axis. The lim- itation in the resistive reach is two straight parallel lines with a small incline (9°) to- wards the X-axis crossing the R-axis at +/-RF.The setting value of the resistive and re- active reach determines whether the resistive directional line in the second quadrant in- fluences the characteristic or not.
Page 68 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH Forward zone RFPP RFPP RFPP Reverse zone Non- directional zone en02000637.vsd )LJXUH 'LIIHUHQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV IRU LPSHGDQFH PHDVXULQJ ]RQHV IRU SKDVHWR SKDVH PHDVXUHPHQWV The zero sequence compensation factor (K ) is used to get correct reach in the reactive direction independent of fault type and hence gives selectivity for both phase-to-phase and earth faults in two phase solidly earthed systems.
Page 69 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH In figure 31, the measuring characteristics for two impedance measuring zones (phase- to-earth fault) in the forward direction are shown. Here the earth impedance measuring loop, Z , consists of phase impedance Z , the earth return impedance Z and the re- loop...
Page 70 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH RFPE ⋅ ⋅ where: RFPE, X and KN are the reach setting parameters In case of short lines the possibility of covering sufficiently large fault resistance is im- portant. The different setting options for the range in the reactive and resistive reach provide increased flexibility for the distance protection.
Page 71 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH Conventional earth return compensation is used for phase to earth fault in two phase sol- idly earthed systems (example for a phase L1 to earh fault): ----------------------------- - ⋅ (Equation 16) where –...
Page 72 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH en00000379 )LJXUH $SSDUHQW LPSHGDQFH ZLWK UHVLVWDQFH DQG UHDFWDQFH FRQQHFWHG LQ VHULHV The measuring elements receive information about currents and voltages from the A/D converter. The checksums are calculated and compared, after which the information is saved in memory.
Page 73 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH en02000640.vsd )LJXUH 0HDVXUHPHQW SULQFLSOHV IRU WKH LPSHGDQFH SURWHFWLRQ A resistance and reactance calculation with a complex power comparison is performed between the circles according to the formula: ⋅ < ⋅ ⋅...
Page 74 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH 'HVLJQ The measuring algorithm for one loop and three measuring zones is included in a digital signal processor. Further signal processors of the same type are added if further mea- suring loops are to be supervised. Allocation of respective measurement loops take place through an internal, automatic setting procedure.
Page 75 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH Z1RW-NDST Operation =On Z1RW-START Z< Direction check Z1RW-VTSZ ≥1 Z1RW-BLOCK Operation = NonDir/Rev/For ZONE 1 Z1RW-TRIP Timer t1=On Z1RW-BLKTR Z2RW-START Z2RW-VTSZ Z2RW-BLOCK Z2RW-NDST Z2RW-BLKTR ZONE 2 Z2RW-NDSTL1N Z2RW-NDSTL2N Z2RW-NDSTL1L2 Z2RW-TRIP Z3RW-START Z3RW-VTSZ Z3RW-NDST Z3RW-BLOCK...
Page 76 These signals may be used as phase selector information in the fault locator. The output signals can be connected to the binary outputs and other functions in REO 517. &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the impedance function are set via the local HMI or PST (Parameter Setting Tool).
Page 77 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH The following relations apply: prim ----------- - ratio p ri m ------------- - r a tio (Equation 21) ratio ⋅ ------------------ - Z prim ratio (Equation 22) pr im ⋅ ⋅ ----------- - Z ------ -------- pr im...
Page 78 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH • The effect of a load transfer between the terminals of the protected line. When the fault resistance is considerable, the effect must be recognized. • Zero-sequence mutual coupling from parallel lines. Usually, these errors require a limitation of the underreaching zone (normally zone 1) to 85-90% of the protected line.
Page 79 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH en02000643.vsd )LJXUH (TXLYDOHQW FLUFXLW IRU PHDVXULQJ VLQJOHSKDVH WR HDUWK IDXOW LQ WZR SKDVH JURXQGHG V\VWHPV Each return impedance is equal to the expression: ⋅ -- - – (Equation 24) The total impedance, according to figure 35, is equal to: ⋅...
Page 80 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH phase conductor impedance fault resistance L1,2 L1,2 en02000644.vsd )LJXUH (TXLYDOHQW FLUFXLW IRU PHDVXULQJ SKDVHWRSKDVH IDXOW The total impedance, according to figure 36, is equal to: = 2 ⋅ loop (Equation 27) /RDG LPSHGDQFH OLPLWDWLRQ Check the maximum permissible resistive reach for any zone to ensure that there is a sufficient setting margin between the relay boundary and the minimum load impedance.
Page 81 &KDSWHU 3 zone impedance protection (Z(n)RW) /LQH LPSHGDQFH 6HWWLQJ RI WLPHUV IRU WKH GLVWDQFH SURWHFWLRQ ]RQHV The required time delays for different distance-protection zones are independent of each other. Distance protection zone 1 can also have a time delay, if so required for se- lectivity reasons.
Page 82 &KDSWHU Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF) /LQH LPSHGDQFH $XWRPDWLF VZLWFK RQWR IDXOW ORJLF 627) $SSOLFDWLRQ The switch-onto-fault function is a complementary function to impedance measuring functions. With the switch-onto-fault (SOTF-) function, a fast trip is achieved for a fault on the whole line, when the line is being energized.
Page 83 &KDSWHU Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF) /LQH LPSHGDQFH The external activation is achieved by an input (SOTF-BC), which should be set high for activation, and low when the breaker has closed. This is carried out by an NC aux- iliary contact of the circuit breaker or by the closing order to the breaker.
Page 84 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) /LQH LPSHGDQFH 6FKHPH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ORJLF =&20 $SSOLFDWLRQ To achieve fast fault clearing for a fault on the part of the line not covered by the instan- taneous zone 1, the stepped distance protection function can be supported with logic, that uses communication channels.
Page 85 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) /LQH LPSHGDQFH ZCOM-CACC tCoord ZCOM-TRIP & ZCOM-CR en00000293.vsd )LJXUH %DVLF ORJLF IRU WULS FDUULHU LQ EORFNLQJ VFKHPH 7DEOH ,QSXW DQG RXWSXW VLJQDOV IRU =&20 ZCOM-CACC Forward overreaching zone used for the communication scheme. ZCOM-CR Carrier receive signal.
Page 86 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) /LQH LPSHGDQFH drawbacks, but a ZCOM-CS signal from an overreaching zone must never be prolonged in case of parallel lines, to secure correct operation of current reversal logic, when ap- plied. At the permissive overreaching scheme, the carrier send signal (ZCOM-CS) might be issued in parallel both from an overreaching zone and an underreaching, independent tripping zone.
Page 87 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) /LQH LPSHGDQFH 7DEOH ,QSXW DQG RXWSXW VLJQDOV IRU FDUULHU JXDUG ZCOM-CR Received signal from the communication equipment ZCOM-CRG Carrier guard signal from the communication equipment. ZCOM-CRL Signal to the communication scheme. ZCOM-LCG Alarm signal line-check guard 'LUHFW LQWHUWULS VFKHPH In the direct inter-trip scheme, the carrier send signal (ZCOM-CS) is sent from an un- derreaching zone that is tripping the line.
Page 88 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) /LQH LPSHGDQFH...
Page 89 &KDSWHU About this chapter &XUUHQW &KDSWHU &XUUHQW $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the current protection functions.
Page 90 &KDSWHU High speed and instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (HSOC, IOC) &XUUHQW +LJK VSHHG DQG LQVWDQWDQHRXV SKDVH RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ +62& ,2& $SSOLFDWLRQ The protection is intended for single-phase and two-phase systems with a rated frequen- cy of 16 2/3, 50 or 60 Hz. The high speed and instantaneous overcurrent protection functions are non-directional and normally serves as a local backup function to the distance protection.
Page 91 &KDSWHU High speed and instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (HSOC, IOC) &XUUHQW • The terminal is in TEST mode (TEST-ACTIVE is high) and the function has been blocked from the HMI (BlockIOC=Yes) • The input signal IOC--BLOCK is high. The HSOC function is disabled if: •...
Page 92 &KDSWHU High speed and instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (HSOC, IOC) &XUUHQW TEST TEST-ACTIVE & BlockHSOC=Yes Aˆp‡v‚Ã@hiyr ≥1 HSOC-BLOCK & I>>> ≥1 HSOC-TRIP & I>>> TEST TEST-ACTIVE & BlockIOC = Yes Aˆp‡v‚Ã@hiyr ≥1 IOC-BLOCK & IP>> ≥1 IOC-TRIP & IP>> en02000532.v sd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP IRU WKH LQVWDQWDQHRXV IXQFWLRQ &DOFXODWLRQV...
Page 93 &KDSWHU High speed and instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (HSOC, IOC) &XUUHQW Only detailed network studies can determine the operating conditions under which the highest possible fault current is expected on the line. Also study transients that could cause a high increase of the line current for short times. A typical example is a transmission line with a power transformer at the remote end, which can cause high inrush current when connected to the network and can thus also cause the operation of the instantaneous, overcurrent protection.
Page 94 &KDSWHU High speed and instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (HSOC, IOC) &XUUHQW ≥ ⋅ I>> 1.3 Im in (Equation 29) Recommended minimum setting for the HSOC function is: ≥ ⋅ I>>> 2 Imin (Equation 30) When settings are chosen: Check the reach of the overcurrent protection in A at mixi- mum source impedance for ZA and minimum source impedance for ZB.
Page 95 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase and residual overcurrent protection (TOC1) &XUUHQW 7LPH GHOD\HG SKDVH DQG UHVLGXDO RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ 72& $SSOLFDWLRQ The definite time-delayed protection TOC1 is intended for single and two-phase system with a rated frequency of 16 2/3, 50 or 60 Hz. The time delayed phase overcurrent protection is non-directional and can be used as in- dependent overcurrent protection, particularly for radially fed systems, or as back-up function to the main distance protection.
Page 96 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase and residual overcurrent protection (TOC1) &XUUHQW The duration of each output signal is at least 15 ms. This enables continuous output sig- nals for current, which go just a little above the set operating value. The timer tP is activated if the current in any of the phases exceeds the set operate value I>.
Page 97 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase and residual overcurrent protection (TOC1) &XUUHQW TEST TEST-ACTIVE & BlockTOC1 Aˆp‡v‚Ã@hiyr ≥1 TOC1-BLOCK Backup & TOC1-RELEASE ≥1 & Independ I> & TOC1-TRP ≥1 I> & TOC1-TRN IN> en02000531.v sd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP IRU WKH GHILQLWH WLPHGHOD\HG SKDVH DQG UHVLGXDO RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ IXQFWLRQ &DOFXODWLRQV 6HWWLQJ LQVWUXFWLRQV IRU SKDVH RYHUFXUUHQW IXQFWLRQ ,!
Page 98 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase and residual overcurrent protection (TOC1) &XUUHQW ILmax ⋅ < < ⋅ ---------------- - 0.7 If min (Equation 33) Where: ILmax is the maximum permissible load current of the protected unit Ifmin is the minimum fault current that the relay has to clear is a safety factor due to load estimation uncertainty etc is a safety factor, due to calculation uncertainty is the reset ratio of the overcurrent function: 0.95.
Page 99 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase and residual overcurrent protection (TOC1) &XUUHQW In case of extremely short or not fully transposed parallel lines, the false residual current must be measured or calculated when maximum sensitivity is desired. The residual cur- rent is proportional to the load current. General criteria for the primary current setting value of the time delayed residual over- current protection is given in the formula below: ⋅...
Page 100 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase and residual overcurrent protection (TOC1) &XUUHQW SE C ⋅ -------------- - 100 (Equation 36)
Page 101 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) 7ZR VWHS GHILQLWH DQG LQYHUVH WLPH GHOD\HG SKDVH RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ 72& $SSOLFDWLRQ The non-directional two-step time delayed overcurrent protection is used as short-cir- cuit protection in single-phase and two-phase systems. It is intended to be used either as primary protection or back-up protection for the impedance measuring functions.
Page 102 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) • The terminal is in TEST mode (TEST-ACTIVE is high) and the function has been blocked from the HMI (BlockTOC2=Yes). • The input signal TOC2--BLOCK is high. The input signal TOC2-BLKTRLS, blocks tripping of the low current step.
Page 103 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) Characteristic = Def tLow & ≥1 TOC2-TRLS & I>Inv, k Characteristic = NI/VI/EI/RI & I>Low tMinInv IL1; IL2 & TOC2-STLS & I>High tHigh & TOC2-TRHS & Operation Low = On Operation High = On 50ms...
Page 104 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) The time-delay characteristic of the low current step function can be set with the setting Characteristic = x, where x is selected from the following: • NI (Normal inverse) •...
Page 105 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) The pick up current setting (inverse time relays) or the lowest current step (constant time relays) must be given a current setting so that the highest possible load current does not cause relay operation.
Page 106 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) ⋅ ≤ ≤ ⋅ ---------- - s cmin (Equation 39) The high current function of the overcurrent relay, which only has a short or no delay of the operation, must be given a current setting so that the relay is selective to other relays in the power system.
Page 107 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) If inverse time characteristics are used with equal current and time setting for all phase current protections in the system the selectivity is assured as long as there are more than two bays carrying fault current to each substation.
Page 108 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time delayed phase overcurrent protection &XUUHQW (TOC2) S EC ⋅ ------------- - Is PRIM (Equation 45) where I is the secondary rated current of the main CT and I is the primary rated PRIM current of the main CT.
Page 109 &KDSWHU Sudden current change function (SCC) &XUUHQW 6XGGHQ FXUUHQW FKDQJH IXQFWLRQ 6&& $SSOLFDWLRQ The sudden current change function SCC measures the current increase per time unit (di/dt) in all phases (one or two). In order to distinguish between heavy traction loads and faults, it is used to enable the instantaneous trip from the measuring zone 2 and/or the measuring zone 3 on the distance protection.
Page 110 &KDSWHU Sudden current change function (SCC) &XUUHQW TEST TEST-ACTIVE & BlockSCC = Yes SCC-RELEASE & SCC-TRIP Backup ≥1 SCC-BLOCK & SCC-START ≥1 en02000534.v sd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP IRU WKH VXGGHQ FXUUHQW FKDQJH IXQFWLRQ If the input signal SCC-RELEASE is activated and the setting Operation=Backup is se- lected, the signal SCC-TRIP is activated simultaneously with the signal SCC-START.
Page 111 &KDSWHU Sudden current change function (SCC) &XUUHQW ZnRW- START & SVC- START >1 SCC-START en02000512.vsd )LJXUH ([DPSOH RI WKH WULSSLQJ ORJLF IRU WKH LPSHGDQFH SURWHFWLRQ DQG WKH IXQF WLRQV 69& DQG 6&& &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the sudden current change function are set via the local HMI or PST (Parameter Setting Tool).
Page 112 &KDSWHU Sudden current change function (SCC) &XUUHQW The relay setting value is given in percentage of the secondary base current value, I associated with the current transformer input I1. The value is given from this formula: SE C ⋅ -------------- - 100 (Equation 48)
Page 113 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) 7ZR VWHS GHILQLWH DQG LQYHUVH WLPHGHOD\HG UHVLGXDO RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ 7() DQG 7() $SSOLFDWLRQ The directional/nondirectional residual current functions are intended for solidly earthed multiphase systems. The function has two measurement steps, one low current step with definite or inverse-time-delay and one high current step with definite time- delay.
Page 114 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) In order to achieve the most sensitive earth fault protection the non-directional function can be used. As the residual current is normally very small during normal operation the setting value can be set very low.
Page 115 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) on the other lines gives a time difference of 0.3-0.4 seconds. A logarithmic characteris- tic is generally the most suitable for this purpose, because the time difference is constant for a given ratio between the currents.
Page 116 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) 1000 ms TEF1-BC TEF1-BLKTRLS TEF1-TRSOTF & 300 ms Characteristic=Def & tLow IN>Inv , k >1 >1 & Characteristic=NI/VI/EI/RI NI, VI, EI, RI TEF1-TRLS & IN>Low tMinInv &...
Page 117 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) /RZ FXUUHQW VWHS IXQFWLRQ Activate the independent time-delay function by setting &KDUDFWHULVWLF= Def (or inverse time delay according to the setting table). The tLow timer starts when both the definite/ inverse time characteristic and the tMinInv timer operate.
Page 118 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) The switch-onto-fault function is used to minimize the operate time in case of pole dis- crepancy at breaker closing and in case of closing on to a fault. The function is released by activating the TEF1--BC binary input and will operate if I is equal or greater than IN>Low during 300 ms.
Page 119 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) Upol = -U ϕ 65° IN Operation IN>Dir en02000547.vsd )LJXUH 0HDVXULQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI WKH GLUHFWLRQDO HOHPHQW The change in operate value is small when the phase angle deviates moderately from 65°.
Page 120 The following formulas for the operate time (in seconds) apply to the characteristic used within the REO 517 terminal, see table 10. 7DEOH 2SHUDWH WLPH IRUPXODV &KDUDFWHULVWLFV...
Page 121 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) where: is I /IN>Inv is a time multiplying factor, settable in the range of 0.05 to 1.10 All inverse time characteristic settings are a compromise between short fault clearing time and selective operation in a large current range.
Page 122 &KDSWHU Two step definite and inverse time- delayed residual &XUUHQW overcurrent protection (TEF1 and TEF2) The polarizing voltage for directional earth-fault overcurrent protection is obtained by internal calculation (U =UL1+UL2). The voltage contains a certain amount of harmon- ics, especially when the protection is connected to CVTs. Due to the bandpass filtering a polarizing voltage down to 1 percent of the rated voltage will provide correct directional functionality.
Page 123 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW 6FKHPH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ORJLF IRU UHVLGXDO RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ ()& $SSOLFDWLRQ This communication logic is intended for residual overcurrent protections. To achieve fast fault clearing for a fault on the part of the line not covered by the instan- taneous zone 1, the directional residual overcurrent protection function can be support- ed with logic, that uses communication channels.
Page 124 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW Connect the necessary signal from the auto-recloser for blocking of the directional com- parison scheme, during a single-phase auto-reclosing cycle, to the EFC--BLOCK input of the directional comparison module. %ORFNLQJ VFKHPH In the blocking overreach scheme, a signal is sent to the other line end if the directional element detects a fault in the reverse direction.
Page 125 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW EFC-CS & EFC-CSBLK EFC-BLOCK 0-60 s 25 ms EFC-TRIP & EFC-CACC t Coord 50 ms EFC-CR EFC-CRL & 99000107.vsd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP 6FKHPH W\SH EORFNLQJ 3HUPLVVLYH RYHUUHDFK VFKHPH In the permissive scheme, the forward directed measuring element sends a permissive signal to the other line end if a fault is detected in the forward direction.
Page 126 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW EFC-BLOCK EFC-CRL & EFC-CR 25 ms EFC-TRIP & 0-60 s & EFC-CACC 50 ms t Coord EFC-CS >1 EFC-CSBLK & & EFC-CSPRM 99000108.vsd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP 6FKHPH W\SH SHUPLVVLYH 'HVLJQ %ORFNLQJ VFKHPH...
Page 127 &KDSWHU Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW %ORFNLQJ VFKHPH In the blocking scheme, set the tCoord timer to the channel transmission time during disturbance conditions. Add a margin of 20-30 ms. Two times the nominal value of the channel transmission time is recommended when a power line carrier is used.
Page 128 &KDSWHU Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) &XUUHQW 7KHUPDO SKDVH RYHUORDG SURWHFWLRQ 7+2/ $SSOLFDWLRQ The thermal phase overload protection function is intended for single- and two-phase systems. The function measures one phase current. When the load currents exceed the permitted continuous current there is a risk that the conductor or the insulation will be subject to permanent damage due to overheating.
Page 129 &KDSWHU Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) &XUUHQW For the alarm there is an output denoted ALARM which is active as long as the temper- ature is above alarm level. For the tripping there are two outputs, one denoted TRIP which gives only a 50 ms pulse at operation and one denoted START which is active as long as the temperature is above the tripping level.
Page 130 &KDSWHU Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) &XUUHQW &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the thermal phase overload protection function are set via the local HMI or PST (Parameter Setting Tool). Refer to the Technical reference manual for set- ting parameters and path in local HMI. To make the correct settings, the following data are required for the protected object: •...
Page 131 &KDSWHU Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) &XUUHQW For other parameters: see description in the setting table in the Technical Reference Manual. 6HWWLQJ H[DPSOH Assume the following data: • I1b: 5 A • Temperature increase of the conductor: 90°C at continuous load current 4.5 A. •...
Page 132 &KDSWHU Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) &XUUHQW where I is the secondary rated current of the main CT and I is the primary sec- PRIM ondary rated current of the main CT. The relay setting value is given in percentage of the secondary base current value, I associated with the current transformer input I1.
Page 133 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW %UHDNHU IDLOXUH SURWHFWLRQ %)3 $SSOLFDWLRQ This function issues a back-up trip command to trip adjacent circuit breakers in case of a tripping failure of the circuit breaker (CB), and clears the fault as requested by the ob- ject protection.
Page 134 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW TEST Block BFP=Yes & ≥1 TEST-ACTIVE ≥1 BFP-TRBU BFP-BLOCK & & STIL1 BFP-START ≥1 BFP-TRRET & & STIL2 & RETRIP=I>Check & RETRIP=No I>Check en02000543.v sd )LJXUH %UHDNHUIDLOXUH SURWHFWLRQ VLPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP The application functions of the protection are: •...
Page 135 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW Retrip General trip original CB Normal adjacent CB Start BFP CB Opening 110 ms 150 ms Relay time CB Opening time Margin 30 ms 40 ms 20 ms Time CB Opening time Marginal <10 ms 40 ms 20 ms...
Page 136 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW ,QSXW DQG RXWSXW VLJQDOV External start Breaker-failure Trip Logic protection TRBU >1 START TRRET TPTRIP en02000544.vsd )LJXUH ,QSXW DQG RXWSXW VLJQDOV The connectable inputs are connectable by configuration to the binary inputs of the ter- minal or to other internal functions’...
Page 137 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW • dc component that is a part of the fault current. This is done to achieve a correct base for both ASD and RMS calculations. The frequency limit of the filter is very close to the service frequency, to obtain a max- imum suppression of the above dc components.
Page 138 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW )LJXUH %UHDNHUIDLOXUH SURWHFWLRQ High- Creation of Decision Current Recti- pass stabilizing through samples fying filtering signal comparison Decision through calculation comparison en00000011.vsd )LJXUH &XUUHQW GHWHFWRU $6' DQG 506 PHDVXUHPHQW 5HWULS IXQFWLRQV The retrip function of the original circuit breaker is set at one of three options: 6HWWLQJ 7KH UHWULS...
Page 139 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW The operating values of the current measuring elements are settable within a wide set- ting range. The measuring is stabilised against the dc-transient that can cause unwanted operation at saturated current transformers and correct breaker operation. Time mea- surement is individual for each phase.
Page 140 &KDSWHU Breaker failure protection (BFP) &XUUHQW : Circuit breaker opening time BFR reset time The back-up trip delay t2 shall be set: ≥ margin (Equation 60) At the same time it is desired that the back-up trip is done so fast that remote protections will not trip.
Page 141 &KDSWHU 100 Hz protection (HHZ) &XUUHQW +] SURWHFWLRQ ++= $SSOLFDWLRQ The 100 Hz protection, HHZ, is intended for 16 2/3 Hz, single-phase systems and is ap- plicable in systems supplied from static frequency converters. The HHZ protection detects if a 100 Hz component exists in the line current and trips the circuit-breaker if the component exceeds the set operating level.
Page 142 &KDSWHU 100 Hz protection (HHZ) &XUUHQW &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the 100 Hz protection function are set via the local HMI or PST (Pa- rameter Setting Tool). Refer to the Technical reference manual for setting parameters and path in local HMI. The setting of the operate value for the 100 Hz measuring element, I100>...
Page 143 &KDSWHU Unbalance protection for capacitor banks (TOCC) &XUUHQW 8QEDODQFH SURWHFWLRQ IRU FDSDFLWRU EDQNV 72&& $SSOLFDWLRQ The unbalance protection for capacitor banks works independent of number of phases in the system since it measures the unbalance currents between two normally balanced parts.
Page 144 &KDSWHU Unbalance protection for capacitor banks (TOCC) &XUUHQW TEST TEST-ACTIVE & BlockTOCC = Y es ≥1 TOCC-BLOCK tLow & TOCC-TRLS Lo w tHigh & I > TOCC-TRHS High en02000533.v sd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP IRU WKH XQEDODQFH IXQFWLRQ The function is disabled (blocked) if: •...
Page 145 &KDSWHU Unbalance protection for capacitor banks (TOCC) &XUUHQW rent of stage IHigh is low compared to the earth fault current in the system. The current stage I>Low is normally set to give alarm at 50% of the set operate current of stage I>High.
Page 146 &KDSWHU Unbalance protection for capacitor banks (TOCC) &XUUHQW...
Page 147 &KDSWHU About this chapter 9ROWDJH &KDSWHU 9ROWDJH $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the voltage protection functions.
Page 148 &KDSWHU Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) for two sections (TUV1) 9ROWDJH 7LPH GHOD\HG XQGHUYROWDJH SURWHFWLRQ 789 IRU WZR VHFWLRQV 789 $SSOLFDWLRQ The undervoltage protection, TUV is intended for single- and two-phase systems and is applicable in all situations, where reliable detection of low phase voltages is necessary. The protection prevents sensitive elements from running under conditions that could cause overheating and thus shorten their life expectancy below the economical limits.
Page 149 &KDSWHU Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) for two sections (TUV1) 9ROWDJH TUV--BLKTR TEST TUV--TEST & Block TUV=Yes > 1 TUV--BLOCK TUV--VTSU & TUV--STUL1N > 1 & TUV--TRIP & TUV--STUL2N TUV--START en02000541.v sd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP WLPH GHOD\HG WZR SKDVH XQGHUYROWDJH SURWHFWLRQ The voltage measuring elements within one of the built-in digital signal processors con- tinuously measure the phase-to-neutral voltage.
Page 150 &KDSWHU Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV) for two sections (TUV1) 9ROWDJH TUV--BLKTR TEST TUV--TEST & Block TUV=Yes > 1 TUV--BLOCK TUV--VTSU & TUV--STUL1N > 1 & TUV--TRIP & TUV--STUL2N TUV--START en02000541.v sd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP WLPH GHOD\HG SKDVH XQGHUYROWDJH SURWHFWLRQ 789 &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the time delayed undervoltage protection for two sections function...
Page 151 &KDSWHU Inverse time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV2) 9ROWDJH ,QYHUVH WLPH GHOD\HG XQGHUYROWDJH SURWHFWLRQ 789 $SSOLFDWLRQ The inverse time delayed undervoltage protection function, TUV2, is intended for sin- gle- and two-phase systems and is applicable in all situations, where reliable detection of low phase voltages is necessary.
Page 152 &KDSWHU Inverse time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV2) 9ROWDJH TUV2-BLOCK >1 TUV2-VTSU 1- UL1 U<Inv t=500 ms & TUV2-TRIP >1 U<Inv en02000536.v sd )LJXUH ,QYHUVH WLPH GHOD\HG XQGHUYROWDJH SURWHFWLRQ VLPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the inverse time delayed undervoltage protection function are set via the local HMI or PST (Parameter Setting Tool).
Page 153 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase overvoltage protection (TOV) 9ROWDJH 7LPH GHOD\HG SKDVH RYHUYROWDJH SURWHFWLRQ 729 $SSOLFDWLRQ The time delayed phase overvoltage protection, TOV is intended for single- and two- phase systems and used to protect the equipment and its insulation against overvoltage. In this way it prevents damage to the equipment in the power system or shortening of their lifetime.
Page 154 &KDSWHU Time delayed phase overvoltage protection (TOV) 9ROWDJH The TOV--TRIP and TOV--TRPE output signals changes from logical 0 to logical 1 if at least one of the logical signals TOV--STUL1N or TOV--STUL2N remains equal to logical 1 for a time longer than the set value on the corresponding timer. The signal TOV--TRPE will be high, to indicate that the overvoltage protection caused the trip.
Page 155 &KDSWHU Sudden voltage change function (SVC) 9ROWDJH 6XGGHQ YROWDJH FKDQJH IXQFWLRQ 69& $SSOLFDWLRQ The sudden voltage change function, SVC, is intended for single-phase systems and is applicable in systems supplied from static frequency converters. It can however also be applied in two-phase systems but will only measure voltage change in phase UL1.
Page 156 &KDSWHU Sudden voltage change function (SVC) 9ROWDJH SVC-BLOCK >1 SVC-VTSU & SVC-START en02000539.vsd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP IRU WKH VXGGHQ YROWDJH FKDQJH IXQFWLRQ 7ULS ORJLF The output signal SVC-START and the start signal ZnRW-START from the impedance function should be configured to an AND-gate for the release of the trip signal to the line circuit-breaker.
Page 157 &KDSWHU Sudden voltage change function (SVC) 9ROWDJH The setting of the opening delay t of the voltage reduction measuring element must be greater than the delay of the zone 2 and zone 3 elements plus a margin for the respective zones to give a tripping pulse.
Page 158 &KDSWHU Line test function (LITE) 9ROWDJH /LQH WHVW IXQFWLRQ /,7( $SSOLFDWLRQ The line testing function, LITE is intended for single-phase systems where a test break- er is installed in parallel with the regular circuit breaker. The test breaker is equipped with a series resistor/inductor and is used during switching operations to reduce the risk of closing the regular breaker against a persistent fault.
Page 159 &KDSWHU Line test function (LITE) 9ROWDJH When the input signals LITE-TESTON and LITE-TROPEN are activated and the input signal LITE-TESTOFF is not activated, the output signal LITE-INTEST is activated while the output signal LITE-NOTEST is not activated. If the input signals LITE- START and LITE-TBCLOSED are also activated, and the setting Operation=Voltage check or Operation=Line test has been selected, a 200 ms pulse will be sent on the out- put LITE-CLOSECB.
Page 160 &KDSWHU Line test function (LITE) 9ROWDJH Setting Operation=Line test: • If the inputs LITE-TBCLOSED and LITE-START are activated and the line volt- age is higher than the set value ULTest>, the timer is activated and the output signal LITE-CLOSECB is activated when the time exceeds the set delay t. The signal LITE-CLOSECB reverts after 200 ms.
Page 161 &KDSWHU Intercircuit bridging protection (TOVI) 9ROWDJH ,QWHUFLUFXLW EULGJLQJ SURWHFWLRQ 729, $SSOLFDWLRQ The intercircuit bridging protection, TOVI is intended to detect faults between systems running at 16 2/3 Hz and 50 Hz (for example connection between a 16 2/3 Hz catenary line and a 50 Hz system for feeding auxiliary equipment along the railway).
Page 162 &KDSWHU Intercircuit bridging protection (TOVI) 9ROWDJH TOVI-BLOCK & TOVI-TRIP U> xx01000092.vsd )LJXUH ,QWHUFLUFXLW EULGJLQJ SURWHFWLRQ IXQFWLRQ VLPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP The output operates if the voltage becomes higher than the set operate value U> under a time exceeding the set definite time delay t. An external signal connected to the input TOVI-BLOCK may block the function.
Page 163 &KDSWHU About this chapter 3RZHU V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ &KDSWHU 3RZHU V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the power system supervision functions.
Page 164 &KDSWHU Dead line detection (DLD) 3RZHU V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ 'HDG OLQH GHWHFWLRQ '/' $SSOLFDWLRQ The function for detecting dead lines, DLD is intended for single- and two-phase sys- tems. The function establishes whether the protected line is energized or not. The output signal from the DLD-function is used as an input signal in other fault pro- tection functions (for example SOTF).
Page 165 &KDSWHU Dead line detection (DLD) 3RZHU V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ TEST Block DLD=Yes & ≥1 TEST-ACTIVE & DLD-START DLD-BLOCK Z3RW-STIML1 Z3RW-STIML2 TUV-STUL1N & TUV-STUL2N en02000559.vsd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG ORJLF GLDJUDP IRU WKH '/' IXQFWLRQ An external signal, which is connected to the input DLD-BLOCK, blocks the function. The function is also blocked by the setting Block-DLD=Yes if the terminal is in test mode.
Page 166 &KDSWHU Dead line detection (DLD) 3RZHU V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ...
Page 167 &KDSWHU About this chapter 6HFRQGDU\ V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ &KDSWHU 6HFRQGDU\ V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the secondary system supervision functions.
Page 168 The fuse-failure supervision function, FFRW is intended for single- and two-phase sys- tems. The fuse-failure supervision function integrated in the REO 517 works as follows: • On the basis of external binary signals from the miniature circuit breaker or from the line disconnector.
Page 169 &KDSWHU Fuse failure supervision (FFRW) 6HFRQGDU\ V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ The delta current and delta voltage algorithm, detects a fuse failure if a sufficient neg- ative change in voltage amplitude without a sufficient change in current amplitude is detected in each phase separately. This check is performed if the circuit breaker is closed (200 ms delay).
Page 170 &KDSWHU Fuse failure supervision (FFRW) 6HFRQGDU\ V\VWHP VXSHUYLVLRQ internal functions of the terminal itself in order to receive a block command from inter- nal functions. Through OR gate it can be connected to both binary inputs and internal function outputs. Function input signal FFRW-MCB is to be connected via a terminal binary input to the N.C.
Page 171 &KDSWHU About this chapter &RQWURO &KDSWHU &RQWURO $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the control functions.
Page 172 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO 6\QFKURFKHFN DQG HQHUJLVLQJFKHFN 6<5: $SSOLFDWLRQ 6\QFKURFKHFN JHQHUDO The synchrocheck function is used for controlled closing of a circuit in an interconnect- ed network. When used, the function gives an enable signal at satisfied voltage condi- tions across the breaker to be closed.
Page 173 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO U-Line U-Bus SYRW ULHigh>30-100% U1b UBHigh>30-100% U1b Fuse fail UDiff<5-60% Ur PhaseDiff<5-75° Line FreqDiff<50-300mHz U-Line reference Fuse fail voltage en02000563.vsd )LJXUH 6\QFKURFKHFN 6\QFKURFKHFN VLQJOH FLUFXLW EUHDNHU The circuit breaker can be closed when the conditions for FreqDiff, PhaseDiff, and UDiff are fulfilled with the UHigh condition.
Page 174 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO (QHUJL]LQJ FKHFN JHQHUDO The energizing check is made when a disconnected line is to be connected to an en- eraized section of a network, see figure 72. The check can also be set to allow energi- zation of the busbar or in both directions.
Page 175 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO • Both directions (Both) • Dead line live bus (DLLB) • Dead bus live line (DBLL) The voltage check can also be set Off. A closing impulse can be issued to the circuit breaker if one of the U-line or U-bus voltages is High and the other is Low, that is, when only one side is energized.
Page 176 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO The line voltage (U-line 1) is connected as a single-phase voltage to the analog input UL1. )XVH IDLOXUH DQG 9ROWDJH 2. VLJQDOV The external fuse-failure signals or signals from a tripped fuse switch/MCB are con- nected to binary inputs that are configured to inputs of the synchrocheck functions in the terminal.
Page 177 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO )XQFWLRQDOLW\ Connectable inputs SYRW SYRW-BLOCK General Block From f use f ailure detection, line side SYRW-VTSU (external or internal) SYRW-UB1FF From f use f ailure detection bus side SYRW-UB1OK FreqDiff < 50-300 mHz PhaseDiff<...
Page 178 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO ,QSXW VLJQDOV 'HVFULSWLRQ SYRW-VTSU The synchrocheck function cooperates with the FFRW-VTSU con- nected signal, which is the built-in optional fuse failure detection. It can also be connected to external condition for fuse failure. This is a block- ing condition for the energizing funcion.
Page 179 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO SYNCHROCHECK SYRW OPERATION RELEASE ≥1 SYRW-BLOCK UDiff 50 ms UBusHigh & ≥1 & & ULineHigh SYRW-AUTOOK FreqDiff PhaseDiff ≥1 SYRW-MANOK & AUTOENERG1 MANENERG1 ENERGIZING CHECK AutoEnerg. Both ≥1 DLLB & DBLL 50 ms tAutoEnerg ≥1 ≥1...
Page 180 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the synchrocheck and energising check function are set via the local HMI or PST (Parameter Setting Tool). Refer to the Technical reference manual for set- ting parameters and path in local HMI. Comments regarding settings.
Page 181 &KDSWHU Synchro-check and energising-check (SYRW) &RQWURO Both Energizing can be done in both directions, DLLB or DBLL tAutoEnerg The required consecutive time of fulfillment of the energizing condition to achieve SYRW-AUTOOK. tManEnerg The required consecutive time of fulfillment of the energizing condition to achieve SYRW-MANOK 0DQ'%'/ If the parameter is set to “On”, closing is enabled when Both U-Line and U-bus are be-...
Page 182 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO $XWRPDWLF UHFORVLQJ IXQFWLRQ $5 $SSOLFDWLRQ Automatic reclosing (AR) is a well-established method to restore the service of a power line after a transient line fault. The majority of line faults are flashover arcs, which are transient by nature.
Page 183 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO Line protection Operate time Operate time Closed Circuit breaker Open Break time Closing time Break time Fault duration AR open time for breaker Fault duration Set AR open time Reclaim time Auto-reclosing function 99000118.vsd )LJXUH 6LQJOHVKRW DXWRUHFORVLQJ DW D SHUPDQHQW IDXOW In a bay with one circuit breaker only, a terminal is normally provided with one AR...
Page 184 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO • Number of AR attempts • AR programs • Open times for different AR attempts $5 RSHUDWLRQ The mode of operation can be selected by setting the parameter Operation to ON, OFF or Stand-by. ON activates automatic reclosing. OFF deactivates the auto-recloser. Stand-by enables On and Off operation via input signal pulses.
Page 185 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO For the example (see Figures in Function block diagrams and Sequence examples), the AR function is assumed to be 2Q and 5HDG\. The breaker is closed and the operation gear ready, manoeuvre spring charged etc. AR01-START is received and sealed-in at operation of the line protection.
Page 186 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO There is an AR State Control, see Function block diagrams, to track the actual state in the reclosing sequence. 3XOVLQJ RI &% FORVLQJ FRPPDQG The circuit breaker closing command, AR01-CLOSECB, is made as a pulse with a du- ration, set by the tPulse parameter.
Page 187 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO $XWRPDWLF FRQILUPDWLRQ RI SURJUDPPHG UHFORVLQJ DWWHPSWV The auto-recloser can be programmed to continue with reclosing attempts two to four (if selected) even if the start signals are not received from the protection functions, but the breaker is still not closed.
Page 188 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO $53/&/267 Can be connected to a binary input, when required. $575627) Can be connected to the internal line protection, distance protection, trip switch-onto- fault. $5677+2/ Start of thermal overload protection signal. Can be connected to OVLD-TRIP to block the AR at overload.
Page 189 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO AR01- INPUT OUTPUT BLOCKED SETON BLKON INPROGR BLOCKOFF ACTIVE INHIBIT UNSUC CBREADY CBCLOSED PLCLOST CLOSECB RESET PROTECTION READY >1 START xxxx-TRIP OVLD-TRIP STTHOL SOTF-TRIP >1 TRSOTF ZM1--TRIP SYRW-AUTO SYNC WAIT WFMASTER en02000573.vsd )LJXUH 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV IRU ,2VLJQDO FRQQHFWLRQV 6HWWLQJV Number of reclosing attempts: 1 to 4 attempts can be chosen.
Page 190 &KDSWHU Automatic reclosing function (AR) &RQWURO The open time for the three pole delayed auto-reclosing shots can be set individually (t2, t3 and t4). This setting can in some cases be restricted by national regulations. In case of reclosing based on synchrocheck a maximum wait time (tSync) can be set. If the synchrocheck does not allow reclosing within this set time there will be no autore- closing.
Page 191 &KDSWHU Single command (CD) &RQWURO 6LQJOH FRPPDQG &' $SSOLFDWLRQ The terminals may be provided with a function to receive signals either from a substa- tion automation system or from the local human-machine interface, HMI. That receiv- ing function block has outputs that can be used, for example, to control high voltage apparatuses in switchyards.
Page 192 &KDSWHU Single command (CD) &RQWURO Single command function CDxx Function n SingleCmdFunc Function n CmdOuty OUTy MODE 99000423.vsd )LJXUH $SSOLFDWLRQ H[DPSOH VKRZLQJ D ORJLF GLDJUDP IRU FRQWURO RI EXLOWLQ IXQF WLRQV Single command function CDxx Configuration logic circuits SingleCmdFunc Device 1 CmdOuty...
Page 193 &KDSWHU Single command (CD) &RQWURO The output signals can be of the types Off, Steady, or Pulse. The setting is done on the MODE input, common for the whole block, from the CAP tool configuration. • 0 = Off sets all outputs to 0, independent of the values sent from the station level, that is, the operator station or remote-control gateway.
Page 194 &KDSWHU Multiple command (CM) &RQWURO 0XOWLSOH FRPPDQG &0 $SSOLFDWLRQ The terminals may be provided with a function to receive signals either from a substa- tion automation system or from other terminals via the interbay bus. That receiving function block has 16 outputs that can be used, together with the configuration logic cir- cuits, for control purposes within the terminal or via binary outputs.
Page 195 &KDSWHU Multiple command (CM) &RQWURO block as the send block and with a multiple command function block as the receive block. The configuration for the communication between terminals is made by the LON Network Tool. The MODE input is set to Steady at communication between terminals and then the data are mapped between the terminals.
Page 196 (CC), the station HMI, or the local back-up panel (via the I/O). When operating from the local back-up panel, the apparatus control function can be by- passed. The back-up panel is hard wired to the apparatuses for this purpose. Station HMI REO 517 REO 517 Apparatus Apparatus...
Page 197 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO • Each apparatus can be interlocked • The breakers can be connected to synchrocheck/energizing check/phasing function • Reservation of bays • Supervision of status of primary apparatus )XQFWLRQDOLW\ *HQHUDO A bay can handle, for examples a power line, a transformer, a reactor, or a capacitor bank.
Page 198 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Normally, only one operator place is valid at a time. But the user can define that more than one operator place is valid at the same time. The remote operator place is assigned by the station operator. When local operator place is deactivated (by the local operator) previous operator place becomes valid.
Page 199 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO The apparatus control handles different kind of commands coming from different oper- ator places. Interpret the local operator place as the back-up panel. 5HPRWH These commands are supported from remote operator place: • Select, open/close •...
Page 200 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO 6HOHFWLRQ DQG UHVHUYDWLRQ The purpose of the reservation and selection is to prevent double operation, either in the bay itself or in the complete station. For an operation in the bay, the reservation part al- ways reserves the own bay.
Page 201 6. Release (cancel) of the reservation 1.Select 5.Execute 2.Reserve 2.Reserve Selected 3.Indication 3.Indication Select Reserve Execute Release 6.Release 6.Release Indication REO 517 REO 517 REO 517 Apparatus Apparatus Control Control Apparatus Control Bay 1 Bay 3 Bay 2 en02000570.vsd )LJXUH 7KH UHVHUYDWLRQ PHWKRG ...
Page 202 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO 0DQXDO XSGDWLQJ RI LQGLFDWLRQV The position indications can be set manually. This feature is only available from the sta- tion operator place. There are two different independent functions given: • Blocking of position updating from bay level (for all apparatuses in the bay) and ap- paratus level (for each separate apparatus) •...
Page 203 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO • Supervision of abnormal status between the select and execute signals. If select is given for one direction, it must be followed by execute for both directions. Or, if the other principle is used, both selection inputs are followed by execute for the desired direction.
Page 204 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO 'HVLJQ *HQHUDO The apparatus control function contains several function blocks. These function blocks are interconnected to form a control program reflecting the switchyard configuration. A control program contains four main types of function blocks. The total number used depends on the switchyard configuration.
Page 205 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO BAYCON COMCON SWICON BLKCON BLKCON Apparatus 99000323.vsd )LJXUH 2YHUYLHZ RI WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH DSSDUDWXV FRQWURO PRGXOHV 6WDQGDUG PRGXOHV In the control terminal, several standard function blocks are available. Below the differ- ent standard modules are described. The chapter “Apparatus control” in the “Technical reference manual”...
Page 206 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO SWICONB: Used for external synchro-check function and individual phase position in- dication. Normally used for circuit breakers. SWICONC: Used for common position indication for all three phases. Normally used for disconnectors and earthing switches. The BLKCON element consists of two variants: BLKCONK: Normally used for the bays.
Page 207 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO with external selection relays with individual feedback signals: • 1 pcs BAYCONE or • 2 pcs BAYCONF and either • 2 pcs SWICONA (internal synchro-check) or • 2 pcs SWICONB (external synchro-check) • 14 pcs SWICONC and •...
Page 208 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO With the inputs (S_R, S_S, L_L) that are obtained, the desired operator place can be se- lected. It has a built-in priority with Local as highest, Station as intermediate, and Re- mote as lowest priority. When two or more inputs are set at the same time, the higher priority prevails.
Page 209 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Figure 85 shows the information exchange connections for one bay with up to 14 appa- ratuses. BAYCON BAYCON EXCH_IN EXCH_IN EXCH_OUT EXCH_OUT en02000571.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WZR %$<&21V LQWHQGHG WR FRQWURO XS WR DSSDUD WXVHV 6HOHFWLRQ UHOD\ VXSHUYLVLRQ The normal use of the command output module (BOM) does not require any external...
Page 210 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO BAYCONE(F) SEL_ACT1 SEL_ACT8 SEL_CH1 SEL_CH2 FDB_SEL1 FDB_SEL8 SEL_FDB1 SEL_FDB8 Apparatus 1 SWICON SEL_OPEN SEL_CLOS FDB_SEL & EXE_OPEN From other SWICON & EXE_CLOS From other SWICON Common execution relays for open/close External command relays open - Breaker close open From...
Page 211 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO $XWRPDWLF RSHUDWLRQ FKHFN BAYCON has an amount of information that concerns the permission for automatic op- eration. This information is made available at the AU_OP_Vx outputs. Other elements can combine this information to a signal to an automatic function indicating permission for operation.
Page 212 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO COMCON From SWICON SEL_RES RQ_SEL To BAYCON SELECT From BAYCON S_SEL_O OPEN S_SEL_C CLOSE To SWICON From station S_OPEN EXECUTE S_CLOSE CANCEL S_CANCEL R_SEL_O R_SEL_C From remote R_OPEN gateway R_CLOSE R_CANCEL 99000325.vsd )LJXUH ([DPSOH RI GLIIHUHQW ZD\V WR FRQQHFW WKH VHOHFW DQG H[HFXWH VLJQDOV LQ &20&21 In the other way to select that is normally used as standard from remote gateway (see item 2 in figure 87), both selection inputs R_SEL_O and R_SEL_C are set at the same...
Page 213 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Besides from the three operator places, commands can also come from automatic func- tions. These inputs are handled in the same way as the normal operator place signals. For sequence switching, the apparatus can be reserved with the SEL_SEQ input. For command supervision, COMCON has two time parameters.
Page 214 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO puts of a given direction, SEL_OPEN or SEL_CLOS. After it has received the FDB_SEL signal, it proceeds with an EXECUTE command, which activates both EXE_OPEN and EXE_CLOS. In case of the select-before-execute-open or -close principle, SWICON receives only a SELECT signal (that is, without the OPEN and CLOSE directions).
Page 215 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO For synchrocheck, SWICON has two versions. One version (SWICONA) is for a syn- chrocheck relay that checks the synchronization condition continuously and gives a sig- nal on SY_OK if there is synchronism, see figure in “Synchrocheck with phasing” in “Configurations”.
Page 216 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Allowed time from selection to feedback select. 7B67$57 Allowed time from execute to position indication change. Supervises the time for posi- tion change from 01 -> 00 or 10 -> 00. 7B38/6( Time parameter for command output pulse length. T_PULSE = 0 gives a steady com- mand output signal.
Page 217 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO ule that includes breaker-related optional functions. Note that the OR gates for the open and close signals must have the same execution cyclicity as related protection function, that is, the breaker failure protection and autoreclosing functions. B1/B0 SWICONA(B) COMCON...
Page 218 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO BI/BO COMCON SWICONC Open Close Operator command INT_LOCK Interlocking 99000329.vsd )LJXUH 2YHUYLHZ RI D GLVFRQQHFWRUHDUWKLQJ VZLWFK FRQILJXUDWLRQ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ EHWZHHQ PRGXOHV Figure 92 is used as starting-point when explaining the signal flow between the differ- ent function block in the apparatus-control function.
Page 219 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO When operating apparatus 1, the general procedure is as follow: 1. Command to set valid operator place for the complete bay. This command can come from station HMI or the local back-up panel. The command is given when there is need to change the operator place only.
Page 220 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO 5HVHUYDWLRQ IXQFWLRQ The reservation function is primarily a method to transfer interlocking information from other bays in a safe way. To reserve other bays, the BAYCON bay control module needs interaction with the bays that must be reserved. Note that only bays that must be reserved or need to reserve other bays must have these connections.
Page 221 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO BAYCON RQ_SEL1 SEL1 RQ_SEL2 SEL2 RE_BAYS Reserve other ACK_F_B Acknowledgement from other bays bays ANY_ACK COMCON SWICON SEL_RES SEL_RES Reset SELECT RQ_SEL SELECT S_SEL_O From HMI COMCON SWICON SEL_RES SEL_RES SELECT RQ_SEL SELECT From HMI S_SEL_O 99000330.vsd )LJXUH 7KH UHVHUYDWLRQ IXQFWLRQ ZLWKLQ WKH RZQ ED\...
Page 222 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO For reservation of other bays, signal exchange between the bays is necessary. The sig- nals to reserve other bays and signals to reserve the own bay from other bays are shown in figure 95, which describes the receiving part of the reservation function. Multiple Command Function blocks are used to receive the information from other bays (see document “Command function”).
Page 223 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO From bay X From bay Y MultCmdFunc MultCmdFunc OUT1 X_RE_BAYS OUT1 Y_RE_BAYS OUT2 X_ACK_T_B OUT2 Y_ACK_T_B OUT3 OUT3 Interlocking information Interlocking information OUT16 OUT16 VALID X_V_TX VALID Y_V_TX From bay Z MultCmdFunc OUT1 Z_RE_BAYS OUT2 Z_ACK_T_B OUT3 Interlocking information...
Page 224 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Figure 96 shows the sending part of the reservation function. From this part, the request (RE_BAYS) from BAYCON to reserve other bays (RE_RQ_B) are sent to other bays by broadcast, that is, to all bays at the same time. Event Function blocks are used to send the information to other bays (see document “Event function”).
Page 225 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO After the reserve acknowledgement signals, the apparatus positions are needed for the interlocking. This information can be of these types: • Busbar A and busbar B is connected • Busbar A and busbar B is disconnected This means that the position for each apparatus is not distributed, if not needed.
Page 226 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO ([DPSOH Figure 97 illustrates the above described step-by-step command execution and bay-to- bay communication. The example station is a double busbar with only two lines and one bus coupler. The bus coupler also handles the busbar earthing switches. In this station, Line 1 and Line 2 need information from the bus coupler and the bus cou- pler need information from Line 1 and Line 2.
Page 227 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Bus coupler bay MultCmdFunc EVENT RE_BAYS RE_RQ_B OUT1 INPUT1 OUT2 ACK_T_B ACK_T_B1 INPUT2 INPUT3 ACK_T_B2 OUT3 OUT4 INPUT4 OUT16 INPUT16 MultCmdFunc EVENT >1 INPUT1 RE_BAYS OUT1 ACK_T_B1 INPUT2 OUT2 INPUT3 OUT3 INPUT4 OUT4 INPUT16 OUT16 Line bay 1 MultCmdFunc EVENT...
Page 228 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO From previous page : 1 2 3 Line bay 2 MultCmdFunc EVENT RE_RQ_B RE_BAYS INPUT1 OUT1 ACK_T_B INPUT2 OUT2 ACK_T_B2 INPUT3 OUT3 INPUT4 OUT4 INPUT16 OUT16 MultCmdFunc ACK_T_B2 & OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 OUT4 OUT16 99000132.vsd )LJXUH 7KH SULQFLSOH RI WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ EHWZHHQ ED\V 2SHUDWRU SODFH VHOHFWLRQ...
Page 229 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Bay commands from station To other BAYCON COMCON MultCmdFunc in the bay OUT13 OUT14 COMCON Defined as pulse outputs REMOTE REMOTE STATION STATION From local switch LOCAL LOCAL 99000133.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQ RI RSHUDWRU SODFH VHOHFWLRQ Some applications require that the operator place selection must be performed without any priority, that is, the desired operator places must be able to be set independent of each other.
Page 230 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO To other COMCON in the bay EVENT INPUT13 INPUT14 INPUT15 Bay commands & COMCON from station HMI & REMOTE MultiCmdFunc Remote OUT13 & ≥1 Station OUT14 & ≥1 STATION & LOCAL & Defined as pulse outputs REM/STA/LOC ≥1...
Page 231 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Bay commands from station MultCmdFunc BAYCON OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 STATION OUT4 BLKCONK OUT5 OUT6 OUT7 BLK_OP & BLKCMD1 OUT8 BLK_OUT1 OUT9 DBLK_OP OUT10 & DBLCMD1 OUT11 BLK_UPD OUT12 & BLKCMD2 OUT13 OUT14 OUT15 DBLK_UPD & DBLCMD2 OUT16 BLK_OUT2...
Page 232 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Apparatus 1 To station HMI SWICON EVENT INPUT1 INPUT2 POS_CL From MA_UPD_P INPUT3 POS_OP input SEL_OPEN INPUT4 board SEL_CLOS INPUT5 SEL_ERR INPUT6 CMD_ERR INPUT7 Tripped POS_ERR >1 INPUT8 POL_DISC INPUT9 INPUT10 INPUT11 BLKCONL INPUT12 INPUT13 BLK_OUT1 INPUT14 INPUT15...
Page 233 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO To station HMI EVENT Delivery Bay connected to busbar INPUT1 specific INPUT2 FIXD-OFF logic INPUT3 INPUT4 INPUT5 BLKCONK INPUT6 Control blocked for bay BLK_OUT1 INPUT7 Update blocked for bay BLK_OUT2 INPUT8 INPUT9 INPUT10 INPUT11 BAYCON INPUT12 REMOTE INPUT13...
Page 234 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO From remote- control gateway Apparatus 1 SingleCmdFunc COMCON OUT1 R_SEL_O OUT2 R_SEL_C OUT3 R_OPEN OUT4 R_CLOSE OUT5 R_CANCEL OUT6 OUT7 OUT8 OUT9 OUT10 To other apparatus OUT11 in the bay OUT12 OUT13 OUT14 OUT15 OUT16 99000336.vsd Defined as pulse outputs )LJXUH &RQWURO FRPPDQGV IURP UHPRWHFRQWURO JDWHZD\...
Page 235 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO BAYCON From station HMI Local panel Apparatus 1 Station/Remote COMCON Local LOCAL LOCAL Selection app. 1 L_SEL_O L_SEL_C Common open L_OPEN Common close L_CLOSE To other apparatus Input in the bay board 99000337.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQ RI DQ H[WHUQDO ORFDO SDQHO YLD ELQDU\ LQSXW ERDUG WR DSSDUDWXV FRQWURO PRGXOHV /RFDO +0,...
Page 236 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Apparatus 1 LOCAL COMCON From BAYCON >1 LOCAL L_SEL_O L_SEL_C >1 L_OPEN SingleCmdFunc Pulse L_CLOSE Apparatus 1 open OUT1 INPUT OUT Apparatus 1 close OUT2 OUT3 Pulse OUT4 INPUT OUT OUT16 Pulse length = 1 s Defined as pulse outputs 99000338.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ D 6LQJOH&PG)XQFEORFN FRQWUROOHG IURP WKH ORFDO...
Page 237 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO 6\QFKURFKHFN Connections between the apparatus control modules and the synchrocheck function can be made either for the built-in synchrocheck module or for an external synchrocheck relay, for example, type RASC. External synchronization equipment can also be con- nected to the apparatus control modules.
Page 238 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO also use the solution in figure 108 if the close command from the synchrocheck relay is connected via a binary input to the SY_OK input on SWICONA. Alternative 3 in figure 111 shows the connection to an external synchronization equipment, for example, type RES 010.
Page 239 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO BI/BO COMCON CLOSE EXECUTE SWICONB close CLOSE coil EXECUTE SEL_CLOS & & SY_RUN External synchrocheck SY_FAIL equipment SYNCH Timer CLOSE INPUT & 99000342.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQ H[DPSOH IRU H[WHUQDO V\QFKURFKHFN HTXLSPHQW DQG WKH DSSDUD WXV FRQWURO PRGXOHV DOWHUQDWLYH ...
Page 240 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO BI/BO COMCON CLOSE EXECUTE External synchrocheck SWICONB equipment SYNCH CLOSE close EXECUTE CLOSE coil SEL_CLOS START & EXE_CLOS SY_RUN PROGRESS FAULT SY_FAIL Timer INPUT & >1 99000343.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQ H[DPSOH IRU H[WHUQDO V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ HTXLSPHQW DQG WKH DSSD UDWXV FRQWURO PRGXOHV DOWHUQDWLYH In figure 108 to figure 111, the SY_FAIL input supervises the synchronization time.
Page 241 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Circuit breaker SWICONA(B) SEL_CLOS & CLOSE >1 To output board EXE_CLOS (AR_SEL) CLOSECB BLK_AR INHIBIT 99000344.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ DXWRUHFORVLQJ $5 PRGXOH DQG DSSDUDWXV FRQWURO PRGXOHV If the autoreclose function is used with external selection relays according to the prin- ciples described in figure in “Selection relay supervision”...
Page 242 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Circuit breaker SWICON SEL_OPEN & >1 OPEN EXE_OPEN To output board Trip_logic GTRIP 99000345.vsd )LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH WULSSLQJ ORJLF DQG WKH DSSDUDWXV FRQWURO PRGXOHV 3ROH GLVFRUGDQFH SURWHFWLRQ The pole discordance function included in the SWICONA(B) is based on checking the positions of the auxiliary contacts on the breaker.
Page 243 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO $XWRPDWLF IXQFWLRQV Using the same methods as for ordinary commands that come from different operator places, there are inputs (select/execute/cancel) to be connected from other application programs in the form of automatic functions. These programs can be located in the same control terminal, in another terminal, or in a station computer.
Page 244 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Binary Switchyard Application software Output To BLKCONL Module Close I/O-module coil ERROR CLOSE BO.01 & From SWI- OPEN & BO.02 Open BO24 coil BO.03 BO.04 99000348.vsd )LJXUH 6LQJOH SROH FRPPDQG RXWSXWV ZLWK VXSHUYLVLRQ Figure 116 and figure 117 are the standard configurations during operation of high-volt- age apparatuses.
Page 245 &KDSWHU Apparatus control &RQWURO Binary Switchyard Application software Output To BLKCONL Module Close I/O-module coil ERROR CLOSE BO.01 & BO.03 From SWI- OPEN & BO.04 BO.02 BO24 Open coil 99000349.vsd )LJXUH 'RXEOH SROH FRPPDQG RXWSXWV ZLWK VXSHUYLVLRQ Figure 118 shows the configuration of single outputs used for purposes other than op- erating high-voltage apparatuses.
Page 246 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO ,QWHUORFNLQJ 2YHUYLHZ $SSOLFDWLRQ The interlocking of switchgear operation can have two main purposes: • To avoid dangerous or damaging operation of switchgear • To put restrictions on the operation of the substation for other reasons e.g. load con- figuration.
Page 247 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO ing switch. As an option, a voltage indication can be used for interlocking. Take care to avoid a dangerous HQDEOH condition at loss of VT secondary voltage, for example, be- cause of a blown fuse. The switch positions used in the operational interlocking logic are obtained from aux- iliary contacts or position sensors.
Page 248 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Specific interlocking conditions and connections between standard interlocking mod- ules are performed by an engineering tool. The signals involved in the bay-level inter- locking can consist of these types: • Positions of HV apparatuses (sometimes per phase) •...
Page 249 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Station bus Bay 1 Bay n Bus coupler Disc Q and Q closed Disc Q and Q closed A not earthed B not earthed A and B interconnected A not earthed A not earthed B not earthed B not earthed A and B interconnected A and B interconnected...
Page 250 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO • Disconnectors cannot break power current or connect different voltage systems. Disconnectors in series with a circuit breaker can only be operated if the circuit breaker is open, or if the disconnectors operate in parallel to other closed connec- tion.
Page 251 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO • BH_LINE_A, BH_CONN, BH_LINE_B and either • AB_TRAFO or • ABC_LINE or • ABC_BC or • A1A2_BS or • DB_BUS_A, DB_LINE, DB_BUS_B and either • AB_TRAFO or • ABC_LINE or • ABC_BC or • A1A2_BS and either •...
Page 252 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO &RQILJXUDWLRQ The following sections describe how the interlocking for a certain switchgear configu- ration can be realised by using standard interlocking modules and their interconnec- tions. They also describe the parameter settings. The EXVVA_xx input signals, which are normally not used, are always set to 1=FIXD-ON.
Page 253 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO C_DC_OP All line disconnectors on bypass C except in the own bay are open. VP_C_DC The switch status of C_DC is valid. EXDU_BPB Signal if no transmission error from any bay connected to a bypass busbar. These signals from each line bay (ABC_LINE) except that of the own bay are needed: 6LJQDO Q7OPTR...
Page 254 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDOV IURP EXV FRXSOHU If the busbar is divided by bus-section disconnectors into bus sections, the busbar-bus- bar connection could exist via the bus-section disconnector and bus-coupler within the other bus section. Section 1 Section 2 A1A2_DC(BS) B1B2_DC(BS) ABC_LINE...
Page 255 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO BCABCLTR Signal if a bus-coupler connection through the own bus coupler exists between busbar A and B. BCACOPTR Signal if there is no bus-coupler connection through the own bus coupler between busbar A and C. BCACCLTR Signal if a bus-coupler connection through the own bus coupler exists between busbar A and C.
Page 256 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO If the busbar is divided by bus-section circuit breakers, the signals from the bus-section coupler bay (A1A2_BS), rather than the bus-section disconnector bay (A1A2_DC) must be used. For B1B2_BS, corresponding signals from busbar B are used. The same type of module (A1A2_BS) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section circuit breakers A1A2_BS and B1B2_BS.
Page 257 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO BCABCLTR (sect.1) BC_AB_CL DCCLTR (A1A2) >1 & DCCLTR (B1B2) BCABCLTR (sect.2) VPBCABTR (sect.1) VP_BC_AB & VPDCTR (A1A2) VPDCTR (B1B2) VPBCABTR (sect.2) BCACOPTR (sect.1) BC_AC_OP & DCOPTR (A1A2) >1 BCACOPTR (sect.2) BCACCLTR (sect.1) BC_AC_CL >1 DCCLTR (A1A2) &...
Page 258 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 3DUDPHWHU VHWWLQJ If there is no bypass busbar and therefore no Q7 disconnector, then the interlocking for Q7 is not used. The states for Q7, Q75, C_DC, BC_AC, BC_BC are set to open by set- ting the appropriate module inputs as follows. In the functional block diagram, 0 and 1 are designated 0=FIXD-OFF and 1=FIXD-ON: •...
Page 259 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO ,QWHUORFNLQJ IRU EXVFRXSOHU ED\ The interlocking module ABC_BC is used for a bus-coupler bay connected to a double busbar arrangement according to figure 125. The module can also be used for a single busbar arrangement with transfer busbar or double busbar arrangement without transfer busbar.
Page 260: Table Of Contents
&KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO These signals from each line bay (ABC_LINE), each transformer bay (ABC_TRAFO), and bus-coupler bay (ABC_BC), except the own bus-coupler bay are needed: 6LJQDO Q1Q2OPTR Signal if Q1 or Q2 or both are open. VPQ1Q2TR The switch status of Q1 and Q2 are valid. EXDUP_AB Signal if there is no transmission error from the bay that contains the above information.
Page 261 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Section 1 Section 2 A1A2_DC(BS) ABC_BC B1B2_DC(BS) ABC_LINE ABC_BC ABC_LINE AB_TRAFO 99000365.vsd )LJXUH %XVEDUV GLYLGHG E\ EXVVHFWLRQ GLVFRQQHFWRUV FLUFXLW EUHDNHUV The following signals from each bus-section disconnector bay (A1A2_DC) are needed. For B1B2_DC, corresponding signals from busbar B are used. The same type of module (A1A2_DC) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section disconnector A1A2_DC and B1B2_DC.
Page 262 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO For a bus-coupler bay in section 1, these conditions are valid: BBTR_OP (sect.1) BBTR_OP DCOPTR (A1A2) & DCOPTR (B1B2) >1 BBTR_OP (sect.2) VP_BBTR (sect.1) VP_BBTR & VPDCTR (A1A2) VPDCTR (B1B2) VP_BBTR (sect.2) EXDUP_AB (sect.1) EXDUP_AB & EXDUP_DC (A1A2) EXDUP_DC (B1B2) EXDUP_AB (sect.2)
Page 263 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO BC_AB_CL Signal if an other bus-coupler connection exists between busbar A and B. VP_BC_AB The switch status of BC_AB is valid. EXDUP_BC Signal if there is no transmission error from bay BC (bus-coupler bay). These signals from each bus-coupler bay (ABC_BC), except the own bay are needed: 6LJQDO BCABCLTR Signal if a bus-coupler connection through the own bus coupler exists...
Page 264 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO A1A2CLTR Signal if a bus-section coupler connection exists between bus sections A1 and A2. VPA1A2TR The switch status of Q0, Q11 and Q12 are valid. EXDUP_BS Signal if no transmission error from the bay containing the above informa- tion.
Page 265 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO • Q75_OP = 1 • Q75_CL = 0 • BC_AB_CL = 0 If there is no second busbar B and therefore no Q20 and Q2 disconnectors, then the in- terlocking for Q20 and Q2 are not used. The states for Q20, Q2, Q25, BC_AB, BBTR are set to open by setting the appropriate module inputs as follows.
Page 266 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO A (BB1) B (BB2) Module AB_TRAFO TQ51 TQ0 and TQ52 are not used as interlocking conditions TQ52 99000355.vsd )LJXUH 6ZLWFK\DUG OD\RXW $%B75$)2 &RQILJXUDWLRQ The signals from other bays connected to the module AB_TRAFO are described below. 6LJQDOV IURP EXV FRXSOHU If the busbar is divided by bus-section disconnectors into bus sections, the busbar-bus- bar connection could exist via the bus-section disconnector and bus coupler within the...
Page 267 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO The project-specific logic for input signals concerning bus coupler are the same as the specific logic for the line bay (ABC_LINE): 6LJQDO BC_AB_CL Signal if a bus-coupler connection exists between busbar A and B. VP_BC_AB The switch status of BC_AB is valid. EXDUP_BC Signal if there is no transmission error from bay BC (bus-coupler bay).
Page 268 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO A1 (BB1A) A2 (BB1B) 99000356.vsd )LJXUH 6ZLWFK\DUG OD\RXW $$B%6 &RQILJXUDWLRQ The signals from other bays connected to the module A1A2_BS are described below. 6LJQDOV IURP DOO IHHGHUV If the busbar is divided by bus-section circuit breakers into bus sections and both circuit breaker are closed, the opening of the circuit breaker must be blocked if a bus-coupler connection exists between busbar A and B on one bus-section side and if on the other bus-section side a busbar transfer is in progress:...
Page 269: These Signals From Each Line Bay (Abc_Line), Each Transformer Bay (Abc_Trafo)
&KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO BBTR_OP Signal if no busbar transfer is in progress concerning this bus section. VP_BBTR The switch status of BBTR is valid. EXDUP_AB Signal if there is no transmission error from any bay connected to the AB busbars.
Page 270 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO A1A2OPTR Signal if there is no bus-section coupler connection between bus sections A1 and A2. VPA1A2TR The switch status of A1A2_BS is valid. EXDUP_BS Signal if there is no transmission error from the bay that contains the above information.
Page 271 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO A1A2OPTR (B1B2) BCABOPTR (sect.1) >1 Q1Q2OPTR (bay 1/sect.2) . . . & & BBTR_OP . . . Q1Q2OPTR (bay n/sect.2) A1A2OPTR (B1B2) BCABOPTR (sect.2) >1 Q1Q2OPTR (bay 1/sect.1) . . . & . . . Q1Q2OPTR (bay n /sect.1) VPA1A2TR (B1B2) VPBCABTR (sect.1) VPQ1Q2TR (bay 1/sect.2)
Page 272: Exdup_Ab
&KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO A1A2OPTR (A1A2) BCABOPTR (sect.1) >1 Q1Q2OPTR (bay 1/sect.2) . . . & & BBTR_OP . . . Q1Q2OPTR (bay n/sect.2) A1A2OPTR (A1A2) BCABOPTR (sect.2) >1 Q1Q2OPTR (bay 1/sect.1) . . . & . . . Q1Q2OPTR (bay n /sect.1) VPA1A2TR (A1A2) VPBCABTR (sect.1) VPQ1Q2TR (bay 1/sect.2)
Page 273 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO ,QWHUORFNLQJ IRU EXVVHFWLRQ GLVFRQQHFWRU The interlocking module A1A2_DC is used for one bus-section disconnector between section A1 and A2 according to figure 137. The module can be used for different bus- bars, which includes a bus-section disconnector, that is, not only busbar A. A1 (BB1A) A2 (BB1B) 99000357.vsd...
Page 274 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO A1DC_OP Signal if all disconnectors on busbar A1 are open. A2DC_OP Signal if all disconnectors on busbar A2 are open. VPA1_DC The switch status of A1_DC is valid. VPA2_DC The switch status of A2_DC is valid. EXDUP_BB Signal if there is no transmission error from any bay that contains the above information.
Page 275 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO If there is an additional bus-section circuit breaker rather than an additional bus-section disconnector the signals from the bus-section, circuit-breaker bay (A1A2_BS) rather than the bus-section disconnector bay (A1A2_DC) must be used: 6LJQDO Q11OPTR Signal if Q11 is open. Q12OPTR Signal if Q12 is open.
Page 276 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Q1OPTR (bay 1/sect.A2) A2DC_OP . . . & ..Q1OPTR (bay n/sect.A2) DCOPTR (A2/A3) VPQ1TR (bay 1/sect.A2) VPA2_DC . . . & ..VPQ1TR (bay n/sect.A2) VPDCTR (A2/A3) EXDUP_BB (bay 1/sect.A2) .
Page 277 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Q2(20)OPTR (bay 1/sect.B2) B2DC_OP (A2DC_OP) . . . & ..Q2(20)OPTR (bay n/sect.B2) DCOPTR (B2/B3) VPQ2(20)TR (bay 1/sect.B2) VPB2_DC (VPA2_DC) . . . & ..VPQ2(20)TR (bay n/sect.B2) VPDCTR (B2/B3) EXDUP_BB (bay 1/sect.B2) .
Page 278 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO A1DC_OP Signal if all disconnectors on busbar A1 are open. A2DC_OP Signal if all disconnectors on busbar A2 are open. VPA1_DC The switch status of A1_DC is valid. VPA2_DC The switch status of A2_DC is valid. EXDUP_BB Signal if there is no transmission error from bay DB (double-breaker bay) that contains the above information.
Page 279 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Q1OPTR (bay 1/sect.A1) A1DC_OP . . . & ..Q1OPTR (bay n/sect.A1) VPQ1TR (bay 1/sect.A1) VPA1_DC . . . & ..VPQ1TR (bay n/sect.A1) EXDUP_DB (bay 1/sect.A1) EXDUP_BB .
Page 280 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Q2OPTR (bay 1/sect.B1) B1DC_OP (A1DC_OP) . . . & ..Q2OPTR (bay n/sect.B1) VPQ2TR (bay 1/sect.B1) VPB1_DC (VPA1_DC) . . . & ..VPQ2TR (bay n/sect.B1) EXDUP_DB (bay 1/sect.B1) EXDUP_BB .
Page 281 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO The same type of module (A1A2_DC) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus- section disconnector A1A2_DC and B1B2_DC. But for B1B2_DC, corresponding sig- nals from busbar B are used. Section 1 Section 2 A1A2_DC(BS) B1B2_DC(BS) BH_LINE...
Page 282 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO &RQILJXUDWLRQ The signals from other bays connected to the module BB_ES are described below. 6LJQDOV LQ VLQJOH EUHDNHU DUUDQJHPHQW The busbar earthing switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus sec- tion are open.
Page 283 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO VPQ2TR The switch status of Q2 is valid. VPQ20TR The switch status of Q2 and Q20 are valid. VPQ7TR The switch status of Q7 is valid. EXDUP_BB Signal if there is no transmission error from the bay that contains the above information.This signal is taken from the data valid output on the command function block.
Page 284 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO VPQ11TR The switch status of Q11 is valid. VPQ12TR The switch status of Q12 is valid. EXDUP_BS Signal if there is no transmission error from the bay (bus-section coupler bay) that contains the above information. This signal is taken from the data valid output on the command function block.
Page 285 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO Q1OPTR (bay 1/sect.A2) ABCDC_OP . . . & ..Q1OPTR (bay n/sect.A2) DCOPTR (A1/A2) VPQ1TR (bay 1/sect.A2) VP_ABCDC . . . & ..VPQ1TR (bay n/sect.A2) VPDCTR (A1/A2) EXDUP_BB (bay 1/sect.A2) .
Page 286 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO For a busbar earthing switch, these conditions from the B2 busbar section are valid: Q2(20)OPTR (bay 1/sect.B2) ABCDC_OP . . . & ..Q2(20)OPTR (bay n/sect.B2) DCOPTR (B1/B2) VPQ2(20)TR (bay 1/sect.B2) VP_ABCDC .
Page 287 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDOV LQ GRXEOHEUHDNHU DUUDQJHPHQW The busbar earthing switch is only allowed to operate if all disconnectors of the bus sec- tion are open. Section 1 Section 2 A1A2_DC(BS) B1B2_DC(BS) BB_ES BB_ES DB_BUS DB_BUS 99000390.vsd )LJXUH %XVEDUV GLYLGHG E\ EXVVHFWLRQ GLVFRQQHFWRUV FLUFXLW EUHDNHUV To derive the signals: 6LJQDO ABCDC_OP...
Page 288 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO These signals from each bus-section disconnector bay (A1A2_DC) are also needed. For B1B2_DC, corresponding signals from busbar B are used. The same type of module (A1A2_DC) is used for different busbars, that is, for both bus-section disconnectors A1A2_DC and B1B2_DC.
Page 289 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO 6LJQDO ABCDC_OP Signal if all disconnectors of this busbar section are open. VP_ABCDC The switch status of ABCDC is valid. EXDUP_BB Signal if there is no transmission error from any bay that contains the above information. ,QWHUORFNLQJ IRU GRXEOH &% ED\ The interlocking modules DB_BUS_A, DB_LINE and DB_BUS_B are used for a line connected to a double circuit breaker arrangement according to figure 158.
Page 290 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO • Q9_OP = 1 • Q9_CL = 0 • Q8_OP = 1 • Q8_CL = 0 If, in this case, a line voltage supervision is added, then rather than setting Q9 to open state, specify the state of the voltage supervision: •...
Page 291 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO A (BB1) B (BB2) BH_LINE_A BH_LINE_B BH_CONN 99000360.vsd )LJXUH 6ZLWFK\DUG OD\RXW EUHDNHUDQGDKDOI &RQILJXUDWLRQ For a breaker-and-a-half arrangement, the modules BH_LINE_A, BH_CONN and BH_LINE_B must be used. 3DUDPHWHU VHWWLQJ For application without Q9 and Q8, just set the appropriate inputs to open state and dis- regard the outputs.
Page 292 &KDSWHU Interlocking &RQWURO • Q9_CL = VOLT_CL If there is no voltage supervision, then set the corresponding inputs as follows: • VOLT_OP = 1 • VOLT_CL = 0...
Page 293 &KDSWHU About this chapter /RJLF &KDSWHU /RJLF $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the logic functions.
Page 294 To meet different circuit breaker arrangements (single or double) one or two identical TR function blocks may be provided within a REO 517 terminal. )XQFWLRQDOLW\ The minimum duration of a trip output signal from the TR function is 150ms. This is to secure the fault clearance.
Page 295 &KDSWHU Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC) /RJLF %LQDU\ VLJQDO WUDQVIHU WR UHPRWH HQG 57& $SSOLFDWLRQ The binary signal transfer function is preferably used for sending communication scheme related signals, transfer trip and/or other binary signals required at the remote end.
Page 296 &KDSWHU Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC) /RJLF RTCn- 57& BLOCK REC01 SEND01 REC02 SEND02 REC03 SEND03 REC04 SEND04 REC05 SEND05 REC06 SEND06 REC07 SEND07 REC08 SEND08 REC09 SEND09 REC10 SEND10 REC11 SEND11 REC12 SEND12 REC13 SEND13 REC14 SEND14 REC15 SEND15...
Page 297 &KDSWHU Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC) /RJLF 5HPRWH HQG GDWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ The “Binary signal transfer to remote end” function uses the same communication func- tionality and hardware for communication with remote end as used for the line differ- ential function.
Page 298 &KDSWHU Event function (EV) /RJLF (YHQW IXQFWLRQ (9 $SSOLFDWLRQ When using a Substation Automation system, events can be spontaneously sent or polled from the terminal to the station level. These events are created from any available signal in the terminal that is connected to the event function block. The event function block can also handle double indication, that is normally used to indicate positions of high-voltage apparatuses.
Page 299 &KDSWHU Event function (EV) /RJLF Each event function block has 16 connectables corresponding to 16 inputs INPUT1 to INPUT16. Every input can be given a name with up to 19 characters from the CAP con- figuration tool. The inputs can be used as individual events or can be defined as double indication events.
Page 300 &KDSWHU Event function (EV) /RJLF • 11 generates an undefined event with the read status 3 &RPPXQLFDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WHUPLQDOV The BOUND and INTERVAL inputs are available on the event function block. The BOUND input set to 1 means that the output value of the event block is bound to another control terminal on the LON bus.
Page 301 &KDSWHU Event function (EV) /RJLF 5HSRUW DOO HYHQWV means that all events, that are set to OnSet/OnReset/OnChange are re- ported as OnChange, that is, both at set and reset of the signal. For double indications when the suppression time is set, the event ignores the timer and is reported directly. Masked events are still masked.
Page 302 &KDSWHU Event counter (CN) /RJLF (YHQW FRXQWHU &1 $SSOLFDWLRQ The function consists of six counters which are used for storing the number of times each counter has been activated. It is also provided with a common blocking function for all six counters, to be used for example at testing. Every counter can separately be set on or off by a parameter setting.
Page 303 &KDSWHU About this chapter 0RQLWRULQJ &KDSWHU 0RQLWRULQJ $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the monitoring functions.
Page 304 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ /(' LQGLFDWLRQ IXQFWLRQ +/ +/(' $SSOLFDWLRQ The LED indication module is an additional feature for the REx 500 terminals for pro- tection and control and consists totally of 18 LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). It is located on the front of the protection and control terminal.
Page 305 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ 5HVWDUWLQJ PRGH In the re-starting mode of operation each new start resets all previous active LEDs and activates only those which appear during one disturbance. Only LEDs defined for re- starting mode with the latched sequence type 6 (LatchedReset-S) will initiate a reset and a restart at a new disturbance.
Page 306 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Screen scrolling Dark disturbance screen indications & & Press button: Text on HMI: C=Clear LEDs E=Enter menu & Clear HMI-LCD LEDs Go to menu If any HMI-LEDs active, text on HMI: C=HLED_ ACK_RST E=Enter menu &...
Page 307 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ $XWRPDWLF UHVHW The automatic reset can only be performed for indications defined for re-starting mode with the latched sequence type 6 (LatchedReset-S). When the automatic reset of the LEDs has been performed, still persisting indications will be indicated with a steady light.
Page 308 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Activating signal en01000228.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH )ROORZ6 If inputs for two or more colors are active at the same time to one LED the priority is as described above. An example of the operation when two colors are activated in par- allel is shown in figure 165.
Page 309 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Activating signal Acknow. en01000231.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH /DWFKHG$FN)6 When an acknowledgment is performed, all indications that appear before the indica- tion with higher priority has been reset, will be acknowledged, independent of if the low priority indication appeared before or after acknowledgment.
Page 310 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Activating signal GREEN Activating signal YELLOW Activating signal RED Acknow. en01000233.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH WKUHH FRORUV LQYROYHG DOWHUQDWLYH If an indication with higher priority appears after acknowledgment of a lower priority indication the high priority indication will be shown as not acknowledged according to figure 169.
Page 311 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ 6HTXHQFH /DWFKHG$FN6) This sequence has the same functionality as sequence 3, but steady and flashing light have been alternated. 6HTXHQFH /DWFKHG&ROO6 This sequence has a latched function and works in collecting mode. At the activation of the input signal, the indication will light up with a steady light.
Page 312 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Activating signal GREEN Activating signal RED Reset en01000236.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH WZR FRORUV 6HTXHQFH /DWFKHG5HVHW6 In this mode all activated LEDs, which are set to sequence 6 (LatchedReset-S), are au- tomatically reset at a new disturbance when activating any input signal for other LEDs set to sequence 6 (LatchedReset-S).
Page 313 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ From disturbance length control ≥1 ≥1 per LED disturbance set to sequence 6 tRestart & & ≥1 ≥1 & en01000237.vsd )LJXUH $FWLYDWLRQ RI QHZ GLVWXUEDQFH In order not to have a lock-up of the indications in the case of a persisting signal each LED is provided with a timer, tMax, after which time the influence on the definition of a disturbance of that specific LED is inhibited.
Page 314 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Disturbance t Restart Activating signal 1 Activating signal 2 LED 1 LED 2 Automatic reset Manual reset en01000239.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH /DWFKHG5HVHW6 WZR LQGLFDWLRQV ZLWKLQ VDPH GLV WXUEDQFH Figure 175 shows the timing diagram for a new indication after tRestart time has elapsed.
Page 315 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Disturbance Disturbance t Restart t Restart Activating signal 1 Activating signal 2 LED 1 LED 2 Automatic reset Manual reset en01000240.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH /DWFKHG5HVHW6 WZR GLIIHUHQW GLVWXUEDQFHV Figure 176 shows the timing diagram when a new indication appears after the first one has reset but before tRestart has elapsed.
Page 316 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Disturbance t Restart Activating signal 1 Activating signal 2 LED 1 LED 2 Automatic reset Manual reset en01000241.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH /DWFKHG5HVHW6 WZR LQGLFDWLRQV ZLWKLQ VDPH GLV WXUEDQFH EXW ZLWK UHVHW RI DFWLYDWLQJ VLJQDO EHWZHHQ Figure 177 shows the timing diagram for manual reset.
Page 317 &KDSWHU LED indication function (HL, HLED) 0RQLWRULQJ Disturbance t Restart Activating signal 1 Activating signal 2 LED 1 LED 2 Automatic reset Manual reset en01000242.vsd )LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJ VHTXHQFH /DWFKHG5HVHW6 PDQXDO UHVHW &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the LED indication function are set via the local HMI or PST (Pa- rameter Setting Tool).
Page 318 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ 'LVWXUEDQFH UHSRUW '53 $SSOLFDWLRQ Use the disturbance report to provide the network operator with proper information about disturbances in the primary network. Continuous collection of system data and, at occurrence of a fault, storing of a certain amount of pre-fault, fault and post-fault da- ta, contributes to the highest possible quality of electrical supply.
Page 319 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ Disturbance report Disturbance no.1 Disturbance no.2 Disturbance no.10 General dist. Fault Trip Event Disturbance Indication information locator values recorder recorder 99000311.vsd )LJXUH 'LVWXUEDQFH UHSRUW VWUXFWXUH Up to 10 disturbances can always be stored. If a new disturbance is to be recorded when the memory is full, the oldest disturbance is over-written by the new one.
Page 320 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ • Date and time • Selected indications (set with the Indication mask) • Distance to fault and fault loop selected by the Fault locator The date and time of the disturbance, the trigger signal, the indications, the fault locator result and the trip values are available, provided that the corresponding functions are installed.
Page 321 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ tLim tPre tPost xx00000316.vsd 7DEOH 'HILQLWLRQV Pre-fault or pre-trigger recording time. The time before the fault including the operate time of the trigger. Use the setting tPre to set this time. Fault time of the recording. The fault time cannot be set. It continues as long as any valid trigger condition, binary or analog, persists (unless limited by tLim the limit time).
Page 322 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ The check of the trigger condition is based on peak-to-peak values. When this is found, the absolute average value of these two peak values is calculated. If the average value is above the threshold level for an overvoltage or overcurrent trigger, this trigger is in- dicated with a greater than (>) sign with the user-defined name.
Page 323 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ • Analog-signal trigger (over/under function) 0DQXDO WULJJHU A disturbance report can be manually triggered from the local HMI, a front-connected PC, or SMS. When the trigger is activated, the manual trigger signal is generated. This feature is especially useful for testing.
Page 324 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ %LQDU\6LJQDOV Selection of binary signals, trigger conditions, HMI indication mask and HMI red LED option $QDORJ6LJQDOV Recording mask and trigger conditions )DXOW/RFDWRU Distance measurement unit (km/miles/%) km or miles selected under line reference User-defined names of analog input signals can be set. The user-defined names of binary signals can be set with the CAP configuration tool.
Page 325 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ 2SHUDWLRQ 2II • Disturbances are not stored. • LED information (yellow - start, red - trip) is not stored or changed. • No disturbance summary is scrolled on the local HMI. 2SHUDWLRQ • Disturbances are stored, disturbance data can be read from the local HMI and from a front-connected PC or Station Monitoring System (SMS).
Page 326 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ %LQDU\ VLJQDOV Up to 48 binary signals can be selected from the signal list, where all available signals are grouped function by function. The 48 signals can be selected among internal logical signals and binary input signals. Each selected signal is registered by the disturbance recorder, event recorder, and indication functions during a recording.
Page 327 &KDSWHU Disturbance report (DRP) 0RQLWRULQJ 7DEOH 'LVWXUEDQFH UHSRUW VHWWLQJV 2SHUDWLRQ 'LVWXUE 7KHQ WKH UHVXOWV DUH 6XPPDU\ • Disturbances are not stored. • LED information is not displayed on the HMI and not stored. • No disturbance summary is scrolled on the HMI. •...
Page 328 &KDSWHU Indications 0RQLWRULQJ ,QGLFDWLRQV $SSOLFDWLRQ The indications from all the 48 selected binary signals are shown on the local human- machine interface (HMI) and on the Station Monitoring System (SMS) for each record- ed disturbance in the disturbance report. The LEDs on the front of the terminal display start and trip indications.
Page 329 &KDSWHU Indications 0RQLWRULQJ <HOORZ /(' • Steady light A disturbance report is triggered • Flashing light The terminal is in test mode or in configuration mode 5HG /(' • Steady light Trig on binary signal with HMI red LED option set •...
Page 330 &KDSWHU Disturbance recorder 0RQLWRULQJ 'LVWXUEDQFH UHFRUGHU $SSOLFDWLRQ Use the disturbance recorder to achieve a better understanding of the behavior of the power network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a distur- bance. An analysis of the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing equipment.
Page 331 &KDSWHU Disturbance recorder 0RQLWRULQJ Upon detection of a fault condition (triggering), the data storage continues in another part of the memory. The storing goes on as long as the fault condition prevails - plus a certain additional time. The length of this additional part is called the post-fault time and it can be set in the disturbance report.
Page 332 &KDSWHU Disturbance recorder 0RQLWRULQJ Similarly, if the average value is below the set threshold level for underfunction on the channel in question, an underfunction start on that channel is indicated. The underfunc- tion is indicated with a less than (<) sign. The procedure is separately performed for each channel.
Page 333 &KDSWHU Disturbance recorder 0RQLWRULQJ Some parameters in the header of a recording are stored with the recording, and some are retrieved from the parameter database in connection with a disturbance. This means that if a parameter that is retrieved from the parameter database was changed between the time of recording and retrieval, the collected information is not correct in all parts.
Page 334 &KDSWHU Disturbance recorder 0RQLWRULQJ 3DUDPHWHU 3DUDPHWHU GDWD 6WRUHG ZLWK GLVWXU EDVH DQFH Undertrig status at time of trig Overtrig status at time of trig Instantaneous phase voltage at time of trig Instantaneous phase current at time of trig Phase voltage and phase current before trig (prefault) Phase voltage and phase current after trig (fault)
Page 335 &KDSWHU Disturbance recorder 0RQLWRULQJ The read value on the local human-machine interface (HMI) display is the sequence number that the next recorded disturbance receives. The number is automatically in- creased by one for each new recording and is reset to zero at each midnight. The se- quence number can also be set manually.
Page 336 &KDSWHU Event recorder 0RQLWRULQJ (YHQW UHFRUGHU $SSOLFDWLRQ When using a front-connected PC or Station Monitoring System (SMS), an event list can be available for each of the recorded disturbances in the disturbance report. Each list can contain up to 150 time-tagged events. These events are logged during the total recording time, which depends on the set recording times (pre-fault, post-fault and limit time) and the actual fault time.
Page 337 &KDSWHU Event recorder 0RQLWRULQJ Each of the up to 48 event channels can be selected from the signal list, consisting of all available internal logical signals and all binary input channels. For each of the binary input and output signals, a user-defined name can be pro- grammed.
Page 338 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ )DXOW ORFDWRU )/2& $SSOLFDWLRQ The main objective of line protection and monitoring terminals is fast, selective and re- liable operation for faults on a protected line section. Besides this, information on dis- tance to fault is very important for those involved in operation and maintenance. Reliable information on the fault location greatly decreases the downtime of the pro- tected lines and increases the total availability of a power system.
Page 339 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ case, the pre-fault and fault values of currents and voltages for a particular disturbance. At any time a calculation of the distance to fault for a selected fault loop can be initiated manually. The information on distance to fault automatically appears on the local HMI for the first fault only, if more than one fault appears within a time shorter than 10 seconds.
Page 340 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ (1-p).Z xx01000171.vsd )LJXUH )DXOW RQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQH IHG IURP ERWK HQGV From figure 180 it is evident that: ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (Equation 63) Where: is the line current after the fault, that is, pre-fault current plus current change due to the fault, is the fault current and is a relative distance to the fault...
Page 341 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ For a single line, the value is equal to: ⋅ – ----------------------------------------- (Equation 65) Thus, the general fault location equation for a single line is: ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ------- - R (Equation 66) 7DEOH ([SUHVVLRQV IRU 8$ , DQG , IRU GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI IDXOWV )DXOW W\SH...
Page 342 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ For double lines, the fault equation is: ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ------- - R (Equation 68) Where: is a zero sequence current of the parallel line, is a mutual zero sequence impedance and is the distribution factor of the parallel line, which is: ⋅...
Page 343 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ and: • for parallel lines. • and U are given in the above table. • KN is calculated automatically according to equation 67. • and Z are setting parameters. Equation 70 can be divided into real and imaginary parts: ⋅...
Page 344 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ The accuracy of the distance-to-fault calculation, using the non-compensated impe- dance model, is influenced by the pre-fault load current. So, this method is only used if the load compensated models do not function and the display indicates whether the non- compensated model was used when calculating the distance to the fault.
Page 345 &KDSWHU Fault locator (FLOC) 0RQLWRULQJ &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the fault locator function are set via the local HMI or PST (Param- eter Setting Tool). Refer to the Technical reference manual for setting parameters and path in local HMI. The list of parameters (see the setting parameters in the Technical reference manual) ex- plains the meaning of the abbreviations.
Page 346 &KDSWHU Trip value recorder 0RQLWRULQJ 7ULS YDOXH UHFRUGHU $SSOLFDWLRQ The main objective of line protection and monitoring terminals is fast, selective and re- liable operation for faults on a protected object. Besides this, information on the values of the currents and voltages before and during the fault is valuable to understand the se- verity of the fault.
Page 347 &KDSWHU Trip value recorder 0RQLWRULQJ &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the trip value recorder function are set via the local HMI or PST (Pa- rameter Setting Tool). Refer to the Technical reference manual for setting parameters and path in local HMI. Customer specific names for all the ten analog inputs (five currents and five voltages) can be entered.
Page 348 The number of processed alternate measuring quantities depends on the type of terminal and built-in options. REO 517 is a member in the REx 5xx-series that can be ordered in single or two phase versions. Additional information is available, which depends of the number of phases: •...
Page 349 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ The accuracy of measurement depends on the requirements. Basic accuracy satisfies the operating (information) needs. An additional calibration of measuring channels is nec- essary and must be ordered separately when the requirements on accuracy of the mea- surement are higher.
Page 350 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ < HIALARM = 1 +L$ODUP HIALARM = 0 Hysteresis HIWARN = 1 +L:DUQ HIWARN = 0 LOWWARN = 0 /RZ:DUQ LOWWARN = 1 LOWALARM = 0 /RZ$ODUP LOWALARM = 1 99000507.vsd )LJXUH 3UHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH RSHUDWLQJ OLPLWV Each operating level has its corresponding functional output signal: •...
Page 351 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ Users can select between two types of dead-band supervision: • Amplitude dead-band supervision (ADBS). • Integrating dead-band supervision (IDBS). $PSOLWXGH GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ If a measuring value is changed, compared to the last reported value, and the change is larger than the +/- ∆...
Page 352 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ The last value reported (Y1 in figure 184) serves as a basic value for further measure- ment. A difference is calculated between the last reported and the newly measured value during new sample and is multiplied by the time increment (discrete integral). The ab- solute values of these products are added until the pre-set value is exceeded.
Page 353 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ Value Reported Value Reported Value Reported Value Reported (1st) `" Value Reported t (*) t (*) t (*) t (*) ‡ Tr‡Ã‰hyˆrÃs‚…Ã‡)ÃSrƒD‡ 99000528.vsd )LJXUH 3HULRGLF UHSRUWLQJ 3HULRGLF UHSRUWLQJ ZLWK SDUDOOHO GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ The newly measured value is reported: •...
Page 354 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ Value Value Reported Value Reported Value Reported Reported Value Value Reported Value Reported Reported (1st) ∆Y Value Reported ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y t (*) t (*) t (*) t (*) ‡...
Page 355 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ ‚‡ ‚‡ Value Value Reported Reported Value Reported Value Reported (1st) Value Reported ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y `" t (*) t (*) t (*) t (*) ‡ 99000508.vsd Tr‡Ã‰hyˆrÃs‚…Ã‡)ÃSrƒD‡ )LJXUH 3HULRGLF UHSRUWLQJ ZLWK DPSOLWXGH GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ LQ VHULHV...
Page 356 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ A1 + A2 >= pre- A1 < set value pre-set value Value QRW < Value Reported Reported Value Reported (1st) < < t (*) t (*) 99000509.vsd 6HW YDOXH IRU W 5HS,QW )LJXUH 3HULRGLF UHSRUWLQJ ZLWK LQWHJUDWLQJ GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ LQ VHULHV &RPELQDWLRQ RI SHULRGLF UHSRUWLQJV The reporting of the new value depends on setting parameters for the dead-band and for...
Page 357 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ 7DEOH 'HSHQGHQFH RI UHSRUWLQJ RQ GLIIHUHQW VHWWLQJ SDUDPHWHUV (Q'HDG% (Q,'HDG% (Q'HDG%3 5HS,QW 5HSRUWLQJ RI WKH QHZ YDOXH No measured values is reported. t>0 The new measured value is reported only if the time t period expired and if, during this time, the integrating dead-band limits were exceeded (periodic reporting with integrating dead-band supervision in...
Page 358 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ 'HVLJQ The design of the alternating quantities measuring function follows the design of all REx 5xx-series protection, control, and monitoring terminals that have distributed func- tionality, where the decision levels are placed as closely as possible to the process. The measuring function uses the same input current and voltage signals as other protec- tion and monitoring functions within the terminals.
Page 359 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ PROCESSING LOGIC CALIBRATION 99000510.vsd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG GLDJUDP IRU WKH IXQFWLRQ This information is available to the user for operational purposes. &DOFXODWLRQV The parameters for the monitoring of AC analog measurements function are set via the local HMI or PST (Parameter Setting Tool).
Page 360 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ • voltage transformer input U2 nominal primary to secondary scale value: U2Scale • Name (of up to 13 characters) of the analog input U2: Name • ac voltage base value for analog input U3: U3b •...
Page 361 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ • ac current base value for analog input I4: I4b • current transformer input I4 nominal primary to secondary scale value: I4Scale • Name (of up to 13 characters) of the analog input I4: Name •...
Page 362 &KDSWHU Monitoring of AC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ The dead-band limits can be set directly in the corresponding units of the observed quantity for the: • Amplitude dead-band supervision (ADBS) • Integrating dead-band supervision (IDBS) The IDBS area is defined by the following formula: IDeadB ⋅...
Page 363 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ 0RQLWRULQJ RI '& DQDORJ PHDVXUHPHQWV $SSOLFDWLRQ Fast, reliable supervision of different analog quantities is of vital importance during the normal operation of a power system. Operators in the control centres can, for example: •...
Page 364 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ • Remotely over the SPA port to the station monitoring system (SMS) 8VHUGHILQHG PHDVXULQJ UDQJHV The measuring range of different direct current measuring channels is settable by the user independent on each other within the range between -25 mA and +25 mA in steps of 0.01 mA.
Page 365 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ < RMAXAL = 1 ,B0D[ RMAXAL = 0 HIALARM = 1 +L$ODUP HIALARM = 0 Hysteresis HIWARN = 1 +L:DUQ HIWARN = 0 LOWWARN = 0 /RZ:DUQ LOWWARN = 1 LOWALARM = 0 /RZ$ODUP LOWALARM = 1 ,B0LQ...
Page 366 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ • Periodic reporting • Periodic reporting with dead-band supervision in parallel • Periodic reporting with dead-band supervision in series • Dead-band reporting Users can select between two types of dead-band supervision: • Amplitude dead-band supervision (ADBS).
Page 367 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ Value Reported < Value Reported Value Reported Value Reported (1st) < ∆Y ∆Y < ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y < 99000529.vsd )LJXUH $PSOLWXGH GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ UHSRUWLQJ ,QWHJUDWLQJ GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ The measured value is updated if the time integral of all changes exceeds the pre-set limit (figure 192), where an example of reporting with integrating dead-band supervi- sion is shown.
Page 368 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ < A1 >= pre-set value A >= A2 >= pre-set value pre-set value < A3 + A4 + A5 + A6 + A7 >= pre-set value < < Value Reported Value (1st) Value < Reported...
Page 369 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ 3HULRGLF UHSRUWLQJ ZLWK SDUDOOHO GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ The newly measured value is reported: After each time interval for the periodic reporting expired, 25; • • When the new value is detected by the dead-band supervision function. The amplitude dead-band and the integrating dead-band can be selected.
Page 370 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ ‚‡ ‚‡ Value Value Reported Reported Value Reported Value Reported (1st) Value Reported ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y ∆Y `" t (*) t (*) t (*) t (*) ‡ 99000508.vsd Tr‡Ã‰hyˆrÃs‚…Ã‡)ÃSrƒD‡ )LJXUH 3HULRGLF UHSRUWLQJ ZLWK DPSOLWXGH GHDGEDQG VXSHUYLVLRQ LQ VHULHV A1 + A2 >= pre- A1 <...
Page 371 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ &RPELQDWLRQ RI SHULRGLF UHSRUWLQJV The reporting of the new value depends on setting parameters for the dead-band and for the periodic reporting. Table 1 presents the dependence between different settings and the type of reporting for the new value of a measured quantity. 7DEOH 'HSHQGHQFH RI UHSRUWLQJ RQ GLIIHUHQW VHWWLQJ SDUDPHWHUV (Q'HDG% (Q,'HDG% (Q'HDG%3 5HS,QW 5HSRUWLQJ RI WKH QHZ YDOXH...
Page 372 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ (Q'HDG% (Q,'HDG% (Q'HDG%3 5HS,QW 5HSRUWLQJ RI WKH QHZ YDOXH The new measured value is reported only if one of the dead-band limits was exceeded t>0 The new measured value is updated at least after the time t period expired.
Page 373 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ REx 5xx Terminal Measuring Converter 99000533.vsd )LJXUH 6LPSOLILHG GLDJUDP IRU WKH IXQFWLRQ The measured voltage is filtered by the low-pass analog filter before entering the analog to digital converter (A/D). Users can set the sampling frequency of the A/D converter between 5 Hz and 255 Hz to adapt to different application requirements as best as pos- sible.
Page 374 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ All processing of the measured signal is performed on the module so that only the min- imum amount of information is necessary to be transmitted to and from the MPM. The measuring module receives information from the MPM on setting and the command pa- rameters;...
Page 375 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ Where: I_Min is the set value for the minimum operating current of a channel in mA. I_Max is the set value for the maximum operating current of a channel in mA. ValueMin is the value of the primary measuring quantity corresponding to the set value of minimum operating current of a channel, I_Min.
Page 376 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ 9DOXH 9DOXH0D[ 9DOXH0LQ ,0D[ 9DOXH0D[ ,0LQ ,0D[ ,0LQ ,0LQ ,0D[ 9DOXH0LQ 99000534.vsd )LJXUH 5HODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH GLUHFW FXUUHQW , DQG WKH PHDVXUHG TXDQWLW\ SUL PDU\ YDOXH 9DOXH The dead-band limits can be set directly in the mA of the input direct current for: •...
Page 377 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ where: IDeadB is the set value of the current level for IDBS in mA. SampRate is the sampling rate (frequency) set value, in Hz. ts = 1/SampRate is the time between two samples in s. If a 0.1 mA variation in the monitored quantity for 10 minutes (600 s) is the event that should cause the trigger of the IDBS monitoring (reporting of the value because of IDBS threshold operation) and the sampling frequency (SampRate) of the monitored...
Page 378 &KDSWHU Monitoring of DC analog measurements 0RQLWRULQJ...
Page 379 &KDSWHU About this chapter 0HWHULQJ &KDSWHU 0HWHULQJ $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the metering functions.
Page 380 &KDSWHU Pulse counter logic (PC) 0HWHULQJ 3XOVH FRXQWHU ORJLF 3& $SSOLFDWLRQ The pulse counter function provides the Substation Automation system with the number of pulses, which have been accumulated in the REx 5xx terminal during a defined pe- riod of time, for calculation of, for example, energy values. The pulses are captured on the Binary Input Module (BIM) that is read by the pulse counter function.
Page 381 &KDSWHU Pulse counter logic (PC) 0HWHULQJ The transmission of the counter value by SPA can be done as a service value, that is, the value frozen in the last integration cycle is read by the station HMI from the data- base.
Page 382 &KDSWHU Pulse counter logic (PC) 0HWHULQJ The BLOCK and TMIT_VAL inputs can be connected to Single Command blocks, which are intended to be controlled either from the station HMI or/and the local HMI. As long as the BLOCK signal is set, the pulse counter is blocked. The signal connected to TMIT_VAL performs one additional reading per positive flank.
Page 383 &KDSWHU Pulse counter logic (PC) 0HWHULQJ Under EVENT MASKS/Analogue events/Pulse Counter in PST, the reporting of the analogue events can be masked: • Event Mask = No Events/Report Events The configuration of the inputs and outputs of the pulse counter function block is made with the CAP configuration tool.
Page 384 &KDSWHU Pulse counter logic (PC) 0HWHULQJ...
Page 385 &KDSWHU About this chapter 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ &KDSWHU 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the data communication and the associated hardware.
Page 386 The optical-to-electrical converters that can be used are FOX6Plus (and FOX20) from ABB and 21-15xx or 21-16xx from FIBERDATA. The FOX6Plus together with optical fibre modem supports the G.703 co-directional interfacing and with restrictions for X.21 and V.36.
Page 387 Optical connection of multiplexer is only possible if the multiplexer is of type FOX6Plus or FOX20 from ABB. The terminal can then be connected optically to the multiplexer, provided the protection is equipped with the optical fibre modem , not the short range fibre optical modem, and the FOX is equipped with an Optical Terminal Module of type N3BT.
Page 388 &KDSWHU Remote end data communication 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ The start and stop flags are the 0111 1110 sequence (7E hexadecimal) defined in HDLC standard. The CRC is designed according to standard CRC16 definition. The optional address field in the HDLC frame is not used, instead a separate addressing is included in the data field.
Page 389 FOX6Plus or FOX20, see figure 202 from ABB, provided it is equipped with an Optical Terminal Module of type N3BT. The FOX6Plus can also be used as an optical to electrical con- verter supporting the G.703 co-directional interfacing according to ITU (former...
Page 390 &KDSWHU Optical fibre communication module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ Galvanic Optical G.703 fibres FOX 6 to the REx5xx Plus other end <10 m other users xx00000535.vsd )LJXUH 0XOWLSOH[HG OLQN ILEUH RSWLFDOJDOYDQLF FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK )2;3OXV 'HVLJQ The optical communication module is designed to work with both 9/125 µ m single- mode fibres and 50/125 or 62,5/125 µ...
Page 391 &KDSWHU Optical fibre communication module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ Interface converter & control logic Fail indicator Memory Micro- controller 99000224.vsd )LJXUH %ORFN GLDJUDP IRU WKH RSWLFDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGXOH...
Page 392 &KDSWHU Galvanic data communication module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ *DOYDQLF GDWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGXOH $SSOLFDWLRQ ,QWHUIDFH PRGXOHV IRU 9 ; DQG 56 These interface modules are intended for connection to commercially available com- munication equipments or multiplexers and can be used both with 56 and 64 kbit/s data transmission.
Page 393 &KDSWHU Galvanic data communication module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ Galvanic V.35, V.36,X.21, RS530 56/64 kbt/s to the REx5xx other end <100m other users xx00000539.vsd )LJXUH 0XOWLSOH[HG OLQN JDOYDQLF FRQQHFWLRQ 'HVLJQ Memory Trans- ceivers Micro- controller 99000519.vsd )LJXUH %ORFN GLDJUDP IRU WKH JDOYDQLF FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGXOH...
Page 394 &KDSWHU Short range galvanic module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6KRUW UDQJH JDOYDQLF PRGXOH $SSOLFDWLRQ 6KRUW UDQJH JDOYDQLF PRGHP The short range galvanic modem is used for point to point synchronous data transmis- sion at 64 kbit/s at distances up to 4 km. Transmission is performed simultaneously in both directions, full duplex, over four wires in a communication (pilot wire) line ac- cording to figure 207.
Page 395 &KDSWHU Short range galvanic module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ Capacitance limit )LJXUH 0D[LPXP UHDFK IRU VKRUW UDQJH JDOYDQLF PRGHP 1RWH 7KH UHDFKHV LQ WKH GLDJUDP ILJXUH DUH JLYHQ IRU WZLVWHGSDLU DQG GRXEOHVFUHHQHG FDEOHV RQH VFUHHQ IRU HDFK SDLU DQG RQH FRPPRQ RXWHU VFUHHQ )RU QRQ WZLVWHGSDLU FDEOHV WKH UHDFK KDV WR EH UHGXFHG E\ )RU QRQ SDLUVFUHHQHG FDEOHV WKH UHDFK DOVR KDV WR EH UHGXFHG E\ )RU QRQ WZLVWHG DQG VLQJOH VFUHHQHG FDEOHV RQH FRP PRQ RXWHU VFUHHQ WKH UHDFK ZLOO WKHUHIRU EH UHGXFHG E\ ...
Page 396 &KDSWHU Short range optical fibre module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6KRUW UDQJH RSWLFDO ILEUH PRGXOH $SSOLFDWLRQ The short range optical fibre modem is used for point to point synchronous 64 kbit/s data transmission at distances up to 5 km, the principle is according to figure 209. It can also be used together with optic fibre transceiver type 21-15xx/16xx from FIBERDA- TA in order to get an optical link between the protection terminal and a remotely located communication equipment as in figure 210.
Page 397 &KDSWHU Short range optical fibre module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ Optical 21-15X/16X fibres V.35/36 (15X) REx5xx X.21 (16X) G.703 (16X) xx00000542vsd )LJXUH 0XOWLSOH[HG OLQN VKRUW UDQJH RSWLFDO ILEUH FRQQHFWLRQ...
Page 398 &KDSWHU G.703 module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ * PRGXOH $SSOLFDWLRQ ,QWHUIDFH PRGXOHV IRU * FRGLUHFWLRQDO This interface module is intended for connection to commercially available communi- cation equipments or multiplexers with G.703 interface. It can only be used with trans- mission rate of 64 kbit/s. Furthermore it only supports co-directional operation. Contra- directional and centralised clock are not supported.
Page 399 &KDSWHU Carrier module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ &DUULHU PRGXOH $SSOLFDWLRQ Use the carrier module with the appropriate galvanic or optical communication sub- module for short range communication of binary signals. Use the optical communica- tion module when connecting a FIBERDATA 21-15X or FIBERDATA 21-16X optical-to-electric modem.
Page 400 &KDSWHU Carrier module 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ Micro- Memory controller Sub-module 99000520.vsd )LJXUH %ORFN GLDJUDP IRU WKH FDUULHU PRGXOH...
Page 401 &KDSWHU Serial communication 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6HULDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ $SSOLFDWLRQ The serial communication can be used for different purposes, which enable better ac- cess to the information stored in the terminals. The serial communication is also used for communication directly between terminals (bay-to-bay communication). The serial communication can be used with a station monitoring system (SMS) or with a substation control system (SCS).
Page 402 &KDSWHU Serial communication, SPA 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6HULDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 63$ $SSOLFDWLRQ The SPA communication is mainly used for SMS. It can include different numerical re- lays/terminals with remote communication possibilities. Connection to a personal com- puter (PC) can be made directly (if the PC is located in the substation) or by telephone modem through a telephone network with CCITT characteristics.
Page 403 &KDSWHU Serial communication, SPA 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ When communicating remotely with a PC using the rear SPA port, the same hardware is needed plus telephone modems. The software needed in the PC, either local or remote, is CAP 540. When communicating to a front-connected PC, the only hardware required is the spe- cial front-connection cable.
Page 404 &KDSWHU Serial communiction, IEC 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6HULDO FRPPXQLFWLRQ ,(& $SSOLFDWLRQ The IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol is mainly used when a protection termi- nal communicates with a third party control or monitoring system. This system must have a software that can interpret the IEC 60870-5-103 communication messages. )XQFWLRQDOLW\ The IEC 60870-5-103 is an unbalanced (master-slave) protocol for coded-bit serial...
Page 405 &KDSWHU Serial communiction, IEC 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ • Opto/electrical converter for the PC/RTU • PC/RTU (YHQWV The events created in the terminal available for the IEC 60870-5-103 protocol are based on the event function blocks EV01 - EV06. These function blocks include the function type and the information number for each event input, which can be found in the IEC- document.
Page 406 &KDSWHU Serial communiction, IEC 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ The SPA and the IEC use the same rear communication port. To define the protocol to be used, a setting is done on the local HMI. Refer to Installation and commissioning manual for setting procedure. When the type of communication protocol is defined, the power to the terminal has to be switched off and on.
Page 407 &KDSWHU Serial communiction, IEC 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ The dialogue to operate the output from the BlockOfInformation command function is performed from different state as follows: 1. Selection active; select the: • C button, and then the No box activates. • Up arrow, and then New: 0 changes to New: 1.
Page 408 &KDSWHU Serial communiction, IEC 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ Furthermore there is a setting on each input of the Disturbance recorder function for the function type. Refer to description of Main Function type set on the local HMI.
Page 409 &KDSWHU Serial communication, LON 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6HULDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ /21 $SSOLFDWLRQ An optical network can be used within the Substation Automation system. This enables communication with the terminal through the LON bus from the operator’s workplace, from the control center and also from other terminals. Control Center Micro SCADA LIB 520...
Page 410 There are a number of session timers which can be set via the local HMI. These settings are only for advanced use and should only be changed after recommendation from ABB.
Page 411 &KDSWHU Serial communication modules (SCM) 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6HULDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGXOHV 6&0 63$,(& The serial communication module for SPA/IEC is placed in a slot at the rear part of the main processing module. The serial communication module can have connectors for two plastic fibre cables or two glass fibre cables.
Page 412 &KDSWHU Serial communication modules (SCM) 'DWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ...
Page 413 &KDSWHU About this chapter +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV &KDSWHU +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV $ERXW WKLV FKDSWHU This chapter describes the different hardware modules.
Page 414 &KDSWHU Platform +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 3ODWIRUP *HQHUDO The REx 5xx platform consists of a case, hardware modules and a set of basic functions. The closed and partly welded steel case makes it possible to fulfill stringent EMC re- quirements. For case size 1/1x19” IP 30 applies for the top and bottom part. IP 54 can be obtained for the front area with accessories for flush mounting.
Page 415 &KDSWHU Platform +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 3ODWIRUP FRQILJXUDWLRQ 7DEOH %DVLF DOZD\V LQFOXGHG PRGXOHV 0RGXOH 'HVFULSWLRQ Combined backplane module (CBM) The size of the module depends on the size of the case. Power supply module (PSM) Available in two different versions, each includ- ing a regulated DC/DC converter that supplies auxiliary voltage to all static circuits.
Page 416 &KDSWHU Platform +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 0RGXOH 'HVFULSWLRQ Data communication modules (DCMs) Modules used for digital communication to remote terminal. Transformer input module (TRM) Used for galvanic separation of voltage and/or current process signals and the internal cir- cuitry. A/D conversion module (ADM) Used for analog to digital conversion of analog process signals galvanically separated by the TRM.
Page 417 &KDSWHU Platform +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV BIM, BOM, IOM, MIM numbers depending on the rack size Serial ....Analog CAN-bus (1 Mbit/s) HDLC-bus PC/SMS HMI serial communication links 99000526.vsd )LJXUH ,QWHUQDO KDUGZDUH VWUXFWXUH VKRZLQJ D IXOO ZLGWK FDVH FRQILJXUDWLRQ...
Page 418 &KDSWHU Platform +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV [ SODWIRUP REx 5xx S12 S14 S16 S18 S20 S22 S24 S26 S28 S30 S32 S34 S36 S38 S40 99000523.vsd )LJXUH +DUGZDUH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH [´ FDVH [ SODWIRUP REx 5xx S25 S27 S29 S11 S13 S15 S17 S19 S21 S23 99000524.vsd...
Page 419 &KDSWHU Platform +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV [ SODWIRUP REx 5xx S11 S13 S15 S17 S19 99000525.vsd )LJXUH +DUGZDUH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH [´ FDVH...
Page 420 &KDSWHU Transformer input module (TRM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 7UDQVIRUPHU LQSXW PRGXOH 750 Current and voltage input transformers form an insulating barrier between the external wiring and internal circuits of the terminal. They adapt the values of the measuring quantities to the static circuitry and prevent the disturbances to enter the terminal. Max- imum 10 analog input quantities can be connected to the transformer module (TRM).
Page 421 &KDSWHU A/D-conversion module (ADM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV $'FRQYHUVLRQ PRGXOH $'0 The incoming signals from the intermediate current transformers are adapted to the electronic voltage level with shunts. To gain dynamic range for the current inputs, two shunts with separate A/D channels are used for each input current. By that a 16-bit dy- namic range is obtained with a 12 bits A/D converter.
Page 422 &KDSWHU A/D-conversion module (ADM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV Control logic & buffers 1-5 Voltage inputs Analog filters & current shunts 1-5 Current inputs 99000512.vsd )LJXUH %ORFN GLDJUDP IRU WKH $'0...
Page 423 &KDSWHU Main processing module (MPM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 0DLQ SURFHVVLQJ PRGXOH 030 The terminal is based on a pipelined multi-processor design. The 32-bit main controller receives the result from the Signal processing module every millisecond. All memory management are also handled by the main controller. The module has 8MB of disc memory and 1MB of code memory.
Page 424 &KDSWHU Main processing module (MPM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 8-bit Data bus Disc Flash (8MB) Code Flash (1MB) Main controller CAN bus DRAM (SIMM) 99000513.vsd )LJXUH %ORFN GLDJUDP IRU WKH 030 To allow easy upgrading of software in the field a special connector is used, the Down- load connector.
Page 425 &KDSWHU Signal processing module (SPM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 6LJQDO SURFHVVLQJ PRGXOH 630 All numerical data is received in all of the up to 12 (16 bits) digital signal processors (DSP). In these DSPs, the main part of the filtering and the calculations take place. The result from the calculations in the DSPs is sent every millisecond on a parallel bus to the (32 bit) main controller on the Main processing module.
Page 426 &KDSWHU Input/Output modules +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV ,QSXW2XWSXW PRGXOHV *HQHUDO The number of inputs and outputs in a REx 5xx terminal can be selected in a variety of combinations depending on the size of the rack. There is no basic I/O configuration of the terminal.
Page 427 &KDSWHU Input/Output modules +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 48/60V 110/125V 24/30V 220/250V RL24 RL48 RL110 RL220 xx99000517.vsd )LJXUH 9ROWDJH GHSHQGHQFH IRU WKH ELQDU\ LQSXWV 7DEOH ,QSXW YROWDJH UDQJHV H[SODLQHG Guaranteed operation Operation uncertain No operation The I/O modules communicate with the Main Processing Module via the CAN-bus on the backplane.
Page 428 &KDSWHU Input/Output modules +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV [mA] [ms] 99000518.vsd )LJXUH &XUUHQW WKURXJK WKH UHOD\ FRQWDFW %LQDU\ LQSXW PRGXOH %,0 The binary input module contains 16 optically isolated binary inputs. The binary inputs are freely programmable and can be used for the input logical signals to any of the func- tions.
Page 429 &KDSWHU Input/Output modules +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Micro- Opto isolated input controller Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Memory Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input...
Page 430 &KDSWHU Input/Output modules +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Micro- controller Relay Relay Relay Relay Memory Relay Relay 99000505.vsd )LJXUH %ORFN GLDJUDP RI WKH ELQDU\ RXWSXW PRGXOH Two single output relay contacts can be connected in series (which gives a command output) in order to get a high security at operation of high voltage apparatuses.
Page 431 &KDSWHU Input/Output modules +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV xx00000299.vsd )LJXUH 2QH RI WZHOYH ELQDU\ RXWSXW JURXSV The output relays are provided with a supervision function to ensure a high degree of security against unwanted operation. The status of the output circuits is continuously read back and compared with the expected status.
Page 432 &KDSWHU Input/Output modules +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Opto isolated input Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Micro- Relay controller Relay Relay Relay Memory Relay...
Page 433: Power Supply
&KDSWHU Power supply module (PSM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 3RZHU VXSSO\ PRGXOH 360 The power supply module (PSM) contains a built-in, self-regulated DC/DC converter that provides full isolation between the terminal and the external battery system. The wide input voltage range of the DC/DC converter converts an input voltage range from 48 to 250V, including a +/-20% tolerance on the EL voltage.
Page 434 &KDSWHU Power supply module (PSM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV Power supply Filter Supervision 99000516.vsd )LJXUH %ORFN GLDJUDP IRU WKH 360 XVHG LQ WKH [´ FDVH...
Page 435 &KDSWHU mA input module (MIM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV P$ LQSXW PRGXOH 0,0 The mA input module (MIM) has six independent analog channels with separated pro- tection, filtering, reference, A/D-conversion and optical isolation for each input making them galvanically isolated from each other and from the rest of the module. The analog inputs measure DC and low frequency currents in range of up to +/- 20mA.
Page 436 &KDSWHU mA input module (MIM) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV Opto- A/D Converter Protection isolation & filter Volt-ref DC/DC Opto- A/D Converter Protection isolation & filter Volt-ref DC/DC Opto- A/D Converter Protection isolation & filter Volt-ref DC/DC Opto- A/D Converter Protection isolation &...
Page 437 The PC is connected via a special cable, that has a built-in optical to electrical interface. Thus, disturbance-free local serial communication with the personal computer is achieved. Software tools are available from ABB for this communication. A PC greatly simplifies the communication with the terminal. It also gives the user additional func- tionality which is unavailable on the HMI because of insufficient space.
Page 438 &KDSWHU Human-machine interface (HMI) +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV 7DEOH 7KH ORFDO +0, /(' GLVSOD\ /(' LQGLFDWLRQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ *UHHQ Steady In service Flashing Internal failure Dark No power supply <HOORZ Steady Disturbance Report triggered Flashing Terminal in test mode 5HG Steady Trip command issued from a protection function or disturbance recorder started Flashing...
Page 439 &KDSWHU LED indication module +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV /(' LQGLFDWLRQ PRGXOH The LED indication module is an additional feature for the REx 5xx terminals for pro- tection and control and consists totally of 18 LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). The main purpose is to present on site an immediate visual information such as protection indica- tions or alarm signals.
Page 440 &KDSWHU LED indication module +DUGZDUH PRGXOHV...

ABB REO 517 Applications Manual

These Signals from each Line Bay (ABC_LINE), each Transformer Bay (ABC_TRAFO)

Bbtr_Op

Vp_Bbtr

Quick Links

Summary of Contents for ABB REO 517

Page 260: Table Of Contents

Page 269: These Signals From Each Line Bay (Abc_Line), Each Transformer Bay (Abc_Trafo)

Page 272: Exdup_Ab

Page 433: Power Supply

ABB REO 517 Applications Manual

These Signals from each Line Bay (ABC_LINE), each Transformer Bay (ABC_TRAFO)

Bbtr_Op

Vp_Bbtr

Quick Links

Related Manuals for ABB REO 517

Summary of Contents for ABB REO 517

Page 260: Table Of Contents

Page 269: These Signals From Each Line Bay (Abc_Line), Each Transformer Bay (Abc_Trafo)

Page 272: Exdup_Ab

Page 433: Power Supply

Table of Contents