Yamaha 20D Owner's Manual
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Yamaha 20D Owner's Manual

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OWNER'S MANUAL
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q
Read this manual carefully before operating this
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outboard motor.
20D
25N
6L3-28199-7C-E0

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Summary of Contents for Yamaha 20D

  • Page 1 OWNER’S MANUAL Read this manual carefully before operating this outboard motor. 6L3-28199-7C-E0...
  • Page 2 EMU25052 Read this manual carefully before operating this outboard motor. Keep this manual onboard in a waterproof bag when boating. This manual should stay with the outboard motor if it is sold.

  • Page 3: Important Manual Information

    Any damage tain maximum enjoyment from your new resulting from neglect of these instructions is Yamaha. If you have any question about the not covered by warranty. operation or maintenance of your outboard Some countries have laws or regulations re- motor, please consult a Yamaha dealer.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Table of contents Safety information......1 Engine oil requirements ....12 Fuel requirements ......12 Outboard motor safety ....1 Gasoline .......... 12 Propeller..........1 Muddy or acidic water ....12 Rotating parts........1 Anti-fouling paint ......13 Hot parts ........... 1 Motor disposal requirements..
  • Page 5 Table of contents Installation ........25 models) ......... 46 Procedure for tilting down (manual Installation ........25 tilt models)........47 Mounting the outboard motor ..25 Shallow water........ 48 Clamping the outboard motor ..26 Cruising in shallow water (manual Operation .........
  • Page 6 Table of contents Starter will not operate ....69 Emergency starting engine ..... 69 Treatment of submerged motor..71...

  • Page 7: Safety Information

    Safety information EMU33622 engine stops if the operator falls overboard Outboard motor safety or leaves the helm. This prevents the boat Observe these precautions at all times. from running away under power and leaving EMU36501 people stranded, or running over people or Propeller objects.

  • Page 8: Modifications

    Have an approved personal flotation device tions. Overloading or incorrect weight (PFD) on board for every occupant. Yamaha distribution can compromise the boats han- recommends that you must wear a PFD dling and lead to an accident, capsizing or whenever boating.

  • Page 9: Weather

    Safety information Operate defensively at safe speeds and keep a safe distance away from people, ob- jects, and other boats. Do not follow directly behind other boats or waterskiers. Avoid sharp turns or other maneuvers that make it hard for others to avoid you or un- derstand where you are going.

  • Page 10: General Information

    Record your outboard motor serial number in the spaces provided to assist you in ordering spare parts from your Yamaha dealer or for reference in case your outboard motor is sto- len. 1. Key number...
  • Page 11 General information ZMU03683 1. CE marking location ZMU06040...

  • Page 12: Read Manuals And Labels

    Read any manuals supplied with the boat. Read all labels on the outboard motor and the boat. If you need any additional information, contact your Yamaha dealer. EMU33831 Warning labels If these labels are damaged or missing, contact your Yamaha dealer for replacements. 20D, 25N ZMU06146...
  • Page 13 General information ZMU05706 EMU33912 Contents of labels EWM01671 The above warning labels mean as follows. WARNING Read Owner’s Manuals and labels. EWM01691 Wear an approved personal flotation WARNING device (PFD). Emergency starting does not have start- Attach engine shut-off cord (lanyard) to in-gear protection.
  • Page 14 General information EMU33843 Electrical hazard Symbols The following symbols mean as follows. Notice/Warning ZMU05666 Remote control lever/gear shift lever operat- ing direction, dual direction ZMU05696 Read Owner’s Manual ZMU05667 Engine start/ Engine cranking ZMU05664 Hazard caused by continuous rotation ZMU05668 ZMU05665...

  • Page 15: Specifications And Requirements

    Specifications and requirements EMU31480 HP@5500 r/min) Specifications 20DWO 14.7 kW@5500 r/min (20 TIP: HP@5500 r/min) 25NMHO 18.4 kW@5500 r/min (25 “(AL)” stated in the specification data below HP@5500 r/min) represents the numerical value for the alumi- Idling speed (in neutral): num propeller installed.

  • Page 16: Installation Requirements

    Specifications and requirements Forward-neutral-reverse EMU33554 Installation requirements Gear ratio: EMU33563 2.08 (27/13) Boat horsepower rating Trim and tilt system: EWM01560 Manual tilt WARNING Propeller mark: Overpowering a boat can cause severe instability. Fuel and oil: Recommended fuel: Before installing the outboard motor(s), con- Regular unleaded gasoline firm that the total horsepower of your mo- Min.

  • Page 17: Battery Requirements

    Fire, explosion or sparks could result. appropriate. [EWM01820] Your Yamaha dealer can help you select the EMU36300 right propeller for your boating needs. Select Multiple batteries a propeller that will allow the engine to reach...

  • Page 18: Start-In-Gear Protection

    EMU36880 Muddy or acidic water when it is in neutral. Always select neutral Yamaha strongly recommends that you have before starting the engine. your dealer install the optional chromium- plated water pump kit if you use the outboard motor in muddy or acidic water conditions.

  • Page 19: Anti-Fouling Paint

    A tool kit with assorted screwdrivers, pli- ers, wrenches (including metric sizes), and electrical tape. Waterproof flashlight with extra batteries. An extra engine shut-off cord (lanyard) with clip. Spare parts, such as an extra set of spark plugs. Consult your Yamaha dealer for details.

  • Page 20: Components

    EMU2579M Components diagram TIP: * May not be exactly as shown; also may not be included as standard equipment on all mod- els. 20D, 25N ZMU06147 1. Manual starter handle 16. Restraint cable attachment 2. Choke knob 17. Shallow water lever 3.

  • Page 21: Fuel Joint

    Components be used as a fuel storage container. Com- mercial users should conform to relevant licensing or approval authority regula- tions. 1. Remote control lever 2. Neutral interlock trigger 3. Neutral throttle lever 4. Main switch / choke switch ZMU03157 5.

  • Page 22: Neutral Interlock Trigger

    Components 7. Fully open 2. Fully closed EMU26201 EMU26221 Neutral interlock trigger Choke switch To shift out of neutral, first pull the neutral in- To activate the choke system, press in the terlock trigger up. main switch while the key is turned to the “...

  • Page 23: Throttle Grip

    Components ZMU02849 ZMU03687 1. Throttle indicator 1. Forward “ ” 2. Neutral “ ” EMU25975 3. Reverse “ ” Throttle friction adjuster A friction device provides adjustable resis- EMU25941 tance to movement of the throttle grip or the Throttle grip remote control lever, and can be set accord- The throttle grip is on the tiller handle.

  • Page 24: Engine Shut-Off Cord (Lanyard) And Clip

    Components ZMU03688 When constant speed is desired, tighten the 1. Cord 2. Clip adjuster to maintain the desired throttle set- 3. Engine shut-off switch ting. EMU25993 Engine shut-off cord (lanyard) and clip The clip must be attached to the engine shut- off switch for the engine to run.

  • Page 25: Choke Knob For Pull Type

    Components EMU26090 Main switch The main switch controls the ignition system; its operation is described below. “ ” (off) With the main switch in the “ ” (off) posi- tion, the electrical circuits are off, and the key can be removed. “...

  • Page 26: Trim Tab With Anode

    Components the starboard side “B” in the figure. ECM00840 NOTICE The trim tab also serves as an anode to protect the engine from electrochemical corrosion. Never paint the trim tab as it will become ineffective as an anode. ZMU02908 To increase resistance, turn the adjuster clockwise.

  • Page 27: Tilt Lock Mechanism

    Components to provide more clearance when operating in shallow water. ZMU03699 ECM01660 ZMU04111 NOTICE Do not use the tilt support bar when EMU30530 Tilt lock mechanism trailering the boat. The outboard motor The tilt lock mechanism is used to prevent could shake loose from the tilt support the outboard motor from lifting out of the wa- and fall.

  • Page 28: 2-Pin Connector

    For details on how to read the alert indicator, see page 23. ZMU03703 Use a genuine Yamaha connector. ZMU03704 Use lighting equipment only. Connect lighting equipment directly to the 1. Alert indicator 2-pin connector.

  • Page 29: Engine Control System

    NOTICE Check the cooling water inlet for clogging. Do not continue to operate the engine if a alert device has activated. Consult your Yamaha dealer if the problem cannot be located and corrected. EMU2681A Overheat alert This engine has an overheat-alert device. If the engine temperature rises too high, the alert device will activate.
  • Page 30 Engine control system ZMU03025 If the alert system has been activated, stop the engine and check for the cause. TIP: The alert for oil filter clogging is similar to the alerts for low oil level and overheating. To make troubleshooting easier, check for en- gine overheating first, then oil level, and fi- nally oil filter clogging.

  • Page 31: Installation

    Installation EMU26902 Installation The information presented in this section is intended as reference only. It is not possible to provide complete instructions for every possible boat and motor combination. Prop- er mounting depends in part on experience and the specific boat and motor combination. EWM01590 WARNING ZMU01760...

  • Page 32: Clamping The Outboard Motor

    Consult your Yamaha dealer or boat man- ufacturer for further information on deter- mining the proper mounting height. For instructions on setting the trim angle of...
  • Page 33 Secure the clamp bracket to the transom using the bolts provided with the out- board (if packed). For details, consult your Yamaha dealer. WARNING! Avoid using bolts, nuts or washers other than those contained in the engine packaging. If used, they must be of at...

  • Page 34: Operation

    5 minutes at a time. After the first 10 hours: Operate the engine normally. Use only straight gasoline in the fuel tank. The Yamaha oil injection system provides proper lubrication for normal operation. EMU36400 Getting to know your boat : Gasoline Different boats handle differently.

  • Page 35: Fuel Level

    Check that the fuel filter is clean and free of lift off the cowling. water. If any water is found in the fuel, or if a significant amount of debris is found, the fuel tank should be checked and cleaned by a Yamaha dealer. ZMU06092 EMU36442 Fuel system EWM00060...

  • Page 36: Engine Shut-Off Cord (Lanyard)

    Operation to the fully open position. Make sure that it turns smoothly and that it completely re- turns to the fully closed position. Look for loose or damaged connections of the throttle and shift cables. Remote control models: Turn the steering wheel full-right and full- left.

  • Page 37: Install Cowling

    If no oil is flowing after 10 minutes of idling, consult your Yamaha dealer. ZMU06117 After installing, check the fitting of the top cowling by pushing it with both hands. If the...

  • Page 38: Filling Fuel And Engine Oil

    Operation EMU27234 Filling fuel and engine oil EMU27247 Filling fuel for portable tank EWM01830 WARNING Gasoline and its vapors are highly flam- mable and explosive. Always refuel ac- cording to this procedure to reduce the risk of fire and explosion. ZMU02301 Gasoline is poisonous and can cause Remove the portable tank from the boat.

  • Page 39: Filling Oil For Manual Starter Model

    WARNING Do not add gasoline into the oil tank. Fire or explosion could result. This engine uses the Yamaha oil injection system, which provides superior lubrication by ensuring the proper oil ratio for all operat- ing conditions. No fuel premixing is needed.

  • Page 40: Oil Level Indicator Operation

    Operation EMU27321 Oil level indicator operation The various functions of the oil level system are as follows: EMU27334 Oil level-alert indicator Engine oil tank Remarks more than 200 cm No refilling necessary. (0.21 US qt, 0.181 Imp qt) Buzzer sounds in remote control box and engine speed is limited to about 2000...

  • Page 41: Starting Engine

    Operation EMU27493 Starting engine EWM01600 WARNING Before starting the engine, make sure that the boat is tightly moored and that you can steer clear of any obstructions. Be sure there are no swimmers in the wa- ter near you. ZMU03712 EMU27508 Manual start models (tiller control) EWM01840...
  • Page 42 Operation TIP: The start-in-gear protection device prevents the engine from starting except when in neu- tral. Attach the engine shut-off cord to a se- cure place on your clothing, or your arm or leg. Then install the clip on the other end of the cord into the engine shut-off switch.
  • Page 43 Operation be thrown forward. Place the remote control lever in neutral. ZMU02030 TIP: ZMU03087 When the engine is cold, it needs to be warmed up. For further information, see TIP: page 41. The start-in-gear protection device prevents If the engine does not start on the first try, the engine from starting except when in neu- repeat the procedure.
  • Page 44 Operation ZMU03200 ZMU03008 After the engine starts, slowly return the TIP: manual starter handle to its original po- As a starting point, lift the lever just until sition before releasing it. you feel resistance, then lift slightly more. TIP: The neutral throttle lever can only be used when the remote control lever is in neutral.
  • Page 45 Operation control. Also, without engine power, the boat could slow rapidly. This could cause people and objects in the boat to be thrown forward. Place the remote control lever in neutral. ZMU01880 Open the throttle slightly without shifting using the neutral throttle lever or free ac- celerator.

  • Page 46: Checks After Starting Engine

    Stop the engine and check wheth- er the cooling water inlet on the lower case or the cooling water pilot hole is START blocked. Consult your Yamaha dealer if the problem cannot be located and cor- rected. ZMU03753 Immediately after the engine starts, re- lease the main switch and allow it to re- turn to “...

  • Page 47: Warming Up Engine

    Operation EMU27670 engine and allow it to warm up. Warming up engine To shift out of neutral EMU27683 Pull the neutral interlock trigger up (if Choke start models equipped). After starting the engine, allow it to idle for 3 minutes to warm up. Failure to do so will shorten engine life.

  • Page 48: Stopping Boat

    Operation ZMU02030 After the engine is at idle speed in gear move the remote control lever / gear shift lever firmly and crisply into the neu- tral position. ZMU05678 To shift from in gear (forward/reverse) to neutral Close the throttle so that the engine slows to idle speed.

  • Page 49: Stopping Engine

    Operation pact the steering wheel or other parts of the boat. This could increase the risk of serious injury. It could also damage the shift mechanism. Do not shift into reverse while traveling at planing speeds. Loss of control, boat swamping, or damage to the boat could occur.

  • Page 50: Trimming Outboard Motor

    Operation gine shut-off switch, then turning the main switch to “ ” (off). EMU27862 Trimming outboard motor EWM00740 WARNING Excessive trim for the operating condi- tions (either trim up or trim down) can cause boat instability and can make steering the boat more difficult. This in- creases the possibility of an accident.

  • Page 51: Adjusting Boat Trim

    Operation bow up, the boat may have a greater tenden- cy to steer to one side or the other. Compen- sate for this as you steer. The trim tab can also be adjusted to help offset this effect. When the bow of the boat is down, it is easier to accelerate from a standing start onto plane.

  • Page 52: Tilting Up And Down

    Operation ating with excessive trim-in at higher speeds few minutes. Otherwise fuel may leak. also makes the boat unstable. Resistance at ECM00241 the bow is greatly increased, heightening the NOTICE danger of “bow steering” and making opera- Before tilting the outboard motor, stop tion difficult and dangerous.

  • Page 53: Procedure For Tilting Down (Manual Tilt Models)

    Operation lever or knob when trailering the boat. The outboard motor could shake loose from the tilt support and fall. If the motor cannot be trailered in the normal running position, use an additional support device to secure it in the tilt position. For more detailed information, see page 50.

  • Page 54: Shallow Water

    Operation EMU28061 shift lever in neutral. Shallow water EMU28073 Cruising in shallow water (manual tilt models) EWM01781 WARNING Run the boat at the lowest possible speed when using the shallow water cruising system. The tilt lock mecha- ZMU03745 nism does not work while the shallow water cruising system is being used.

  • Page 55: Cruising In Other Conditions

    Cruising in muddy, turbid, or acidic water tially raised position. This outboard mo- Yamaha strongly recommends that you use tor has 2 positions for shallow water the optional chromium-plated water pump kit cruising.

  • Page 56: Maintenance

    Yamaha dealer sition using a motor support device such as prior to storage. However, you, the owner, a transom saver bar. Consult your Yamaha with a minimum of tools, can perform the fol- dealer for further details.

  • Page 57: Procedure

    Maintenance lowing procedures. ECM01411 NOTICE Do not place the outboard motor on its side before the cooling water has drained from it completely, otherwise water may enter the cylinder through the exhaust port and cause engine trou- ble. ZMU02051 Store the outboard motor in a dry, well- ventilated place, not in direct sunlight.

  • Page 58: Lubrication (Oil Injection Models)

    61. Inspect the oil for the pres- to perform a maintenance procedure, ence of water which indicates a leaky have a Yamaha dealer or other qualified seal. Seal replacement should be per- mechanic do the work. formed by an authorized Yamaha dealer The procedures involve disassembling prior to use.

  • Page 59: Replacement Parts

    Maintenance EMU28511 Replacement parts If replacement parts are necessary, use only genuine Yamaha parts or parts of equivalent design and quality. Any part of inferior quality may malfunction, and the resulting loss of control could endanger the operator and passengers. Yamaha genuine parts and ac- cessories are available from your Yamaha dealer.

  • Page 60: Maintenance Chart 1

    The “ ” symbol indicates the check-ups which you may carry out yourself. The “ ” symbol indicates work to be carried out by your Yamaha dealer. Initial Every 20 hours Item...
  • Page 61 Maintenance Initial Every 20 hours Item Actions hours (1 hours (3 hours (5 months) year) years) years) Fuel line(High pres- Inspection or replace- sure) ment as necessary Fuel line(Low pres- Inspection sure) Fuel line(Low pres- Inspection or replace- sure) ment as necessary Inspection or replace- Fuel pump ment as necessary...

  • Page 62: Maintenance Chart 2

    Wire harness connec- Inspection or replace- tions/wire coupler con- ment as necessary nections Inspection and clean- (Yamaha) Fuel tank ing as necessary EMU34451 Maintenance chart 2 Every Item Actions 1000 hours Exhaust guide/exhaust Inspection or replace-...

  • Page 63: Greasing

    Maintenance EMU28941 Greasing Yamaha grease A (water resistant grease) Yamaha grease D (corrosion resistant grease; for propeller shaft) 20D, 25N ZMU03734 ple, if the center electrode porcelain is very EMU28956 Cleaning and adjusting spark plug white, this could indicate an intake air leak or The spark plug is an important engine com- carburetion problem in that cylinder.

  • Page 64: Checking Fuel Filter

    BR7HS-10 replace it. For cleaning or replacement of the fuel filter, consult your Yamaha dealer. Be sure to use the specified spark plug, otherwise the engine may not operate properly. Before fitting the spark plug, measure the electrode gap with a wire thickness gauge;...

  • Page 65: Checking Water In Engine Oil Tank

    WARNING ing the idle speed, or the idle speed re- You could be seriously injured if the en- quires adjustment, consult a Yamaha gine accidentally starts when you are dealer or other qualified mechanic. near the propeller. Before inspecting, re-...

  • Page 66: Removing Propeller

    Otherwise the propeller could come off during opera- tion and be lost. Check the propeller shaft oil seal for dam- Apply Yamaha marine grease or a cor- age. rosion resistant grease to the propeller EMU30662 shaft.

  • Page 67: Changing Gear Oil

    Con- Never get under the lower unit while it sult a Yamaha dealer for repair of the is tilted, even when the tilt support lever lower unit seals. [ECM00711] or knob is locked.

  • Page 68: Cleaning Fuel Tank

    EMU29312 Inspecting and replacing anode(s) If you have any question about properly doing this procedure, consult your Yamaha outboard motors are protected from Yamaha dealer. corrosion by sacrificial anodes. Inspect the Keep away from sparks, cigarettes, external anodes periodically. Remove scales...

  • Page 69: Checking Battery (For Electric Start Models)

    Maintenance from the surfaces of the anodes. Consult a contains typical checks that apply to many Yamaha dealer for replacement of external batteries, but you should always refer to the anodes. battery manufacturer’s instructions. ECM00720 ECM01920 NOTICE NOTICE Do not paint anodes, as this would render A poorly maintained battery will quickly them ineffective.

  • Page 70: Disconnecting The Battery

    Maintenance age the electrical parts. according to the manufacturer’s instruc- tions. Make sure the main switch (on applica- ble models) is “ ” (off) before working on the battery. Connect the red battery cable to the POSITIVE (+) terminal first. Then con- nect the black battery cable to the NEG- ATIVE (-) terminal.

  • Page 71: Trouble Recovery

    Q. Has fuel pump malfunctioned? If your outboard motor requires repair, bring A. Have serviced by a Yamaha dealer. it to your Yamaha dealer. If the engine trouble-alert indicator is flash- Q. Are spark plug(s) fouled or of incorrect ing, consult your Yamaha dealer.
  • Page 72 Q. Is fuel contaminated or stale? A. Fill tank with clean, fresh fuel. Q. Is carburetor clogged? A. Have serviced by a Yamaha dealer. Q. Is fuel filter clogged? A. Clean or replace filter. Q. Is fuel joint connection incorrect? A.
  • Page 73 Q. Is fuel system obstructed? Q. Is water pump or thermostat faulty? A. Check for pinched or kinked fuel line or A. Have serviced by a Yamaha dealer. other obstructions in fuel system. Q. Is there excess water in fuel filter cup? Q.

  • Page 74: Temporary Action In Emergency

    EWM00631 Q. Is steering pivot loose or damaged? WARNING A. Tighten or have serviced by a Yamaha Substituting an incorrect fuse or a piece dealer. of wire could allow excessive current EMU29433 flow.
  • Page 75 2. Fuse (10 A) other objects away when starting the engine. Use the emergency starter rope Consult your Yamaha dealer if the new fuse only as instructed. Do not touch the fly- immediately blows again. wheel or other moving parts when the EMU29533 engine is running.
  • Page 76 Trouble Recovery ZMU03740 ZMU02334 1. Start-in-gear protection cable Remove the starter/flywheel cover after ON START removing the bolt(s). ZMU01906 If equipped the choke knob, pull out it when the engine is cold. After the engine starts, gradually return the choke knob ZMU03741 to its home position as the engine warms Prepare the engine for starting.

  • Page 77: Treatment Of Submerged Motor

    EMU33501 Treatment of submerged motor If the outboard motor is submerged, immedi- ately take it to a Yamaha dealer. Otherwise some corrosion may begin almost immedi- ately. NOTICE: Do not attempt to run the outboard motor until it has been com- pletely inspected.
  • Page 78 YAMAHA MOTOR CO., LTD. Printed in Japan April 2009–0.1 × 1 ! Printed on recycled paper...

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