Lakeshore 331S User Manual
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Lakeshore 331S User Manual

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Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary
rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. in these developments. Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents
existing or applied for. Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design
modifications, or products at any time without notice. Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Revision: 1.9
User's Manual
Model 331
Temperature Controller
Includes Coverage For:
Model 331S and Model 331E
Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
575 McCorkle Blvd.
Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA
E-mail addresses:
sales@lakeshore.com
service@lakeshore.com
Visit our website at:
www.lakeshore.com
Fax: (614) 891-1392
Telephone: (614) 891-2243
P/N 119-031
14 May 2009

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Summary of Contents for Lakeshore 331S

  • Page 1 User’s Manual Model 331 Temperature Controller Includes Coverage For: Model 331S and Model 331E Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. 575 McCorkle Blvd. Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA E-mail addresses: sales@lakeshore.com service@lakeshore.com Visit our website at: www.lakeshore.com Fax: (614) 891-1392 Telephone: (614) 891-2243 Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
  • Page 2 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT (Continued) 9. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW, WARRANTY PERIOD: ONE (1) YEAR THE TERMS OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT DO 1. Lake Shore warrants that this Lake Shore product (the NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR MODIFY, AND ARE IN “Product”) will be free from defects in materials and ADDITION TO, THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS...

  • Page 3: Declaration Of Conformity

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. 575 McCorkle Blvd. Westerville OH 43082-8888 USA hereby declare that the equipment specified conforms to the following Directives and Standards: Application of Council Directives: ......73/23/EEC 89/336/EEC Standards to which Conformity is declared: ....
  • Page 4 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) for the Model 331 Temperature Controller Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) of electronic equipment is a growing concern worldwide. Emissions of and immunity to electromagnetic interference is now part of the design and manufacture of most electronics.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter/Paragraph Title Page INTRODUCTION ..............................1-1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ....................... 1-1 SENSOR SELECTION ........................1-4 SPECIFICATIONS ..........................1-6 SAFETY SUMMARY ......................... 1-9 SAFETY SYMBOLS ........................1-10 COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN ..........................2-1 GENERAL ............................
  • Page 6 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Title Page INSTALLATION ..............................3-1 GENERAL ............................3-1 INSPECTION AND UNPACKING ...................... 3-1 REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT ....................3-1 REAR PANEL DEFINITION ....................... 3-2 LINE INPUT ASSEMBLY ........................3-3 3.4.1 Line Voltage ...........................
  • Page 7 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Title Page 4.5.2 Resistor Sensor Curve Selection ....................4-13 4.5.3 Thermocouple Sensor Curve Selection ..................4-13 TEMPERATURE CONTROL ......................4-14 4.6.1 Control Loops ..........................4-14 4.6.2 Control Modes ..........................4-15 4.6.3 Tuning Modes ..........................
  • Page 8 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter/Paragraph Title Page 6.1.2.1 Bus Control Commands ......................6-2 6.1.2.2 Common Commands ........................6-3 6.1.2.3 Device Specific Commands ......................6-3 6.1.2.4 Message Strings ......................... 6-3 6.1.3 Status Registers ..........................6-4 6.1.3.1 Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register ............
  • Page 9 8.9.4.1 Sensor Input Calibration Setup ....................8-14 8.9.4.2 Thermocouple Input Ranges Calibration .................. 8-14 8.9.5 Analog Output Calibration (Model 331S Only) ................8-15 8.9.5.1 Analog Output Calibration ......................8-16 8.9.6 Calibration Specific Interface Commands ..................8-17 APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY ......................A-1 APPENDIX B –...
  • Page 10 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page Sensor Temperature Range ......................... 1-4 Typical Sensor Performance ........................1-5 Input Specifications ............................1-6 Sensor Input Configuration ........................... 1-6 Heater Output ............................... 1-7 Loop 1 Full Scale Heater Power at Typical Resistance ................1-7 Sensor Input Types ............................

  • Page 11: Introduction

    The Model 331 Temperature Controller is available in two versions. The Model 331S is fully equipped for interface and control flexibility. The Model 331E shares measurement and display capability with the Model 331S, but does not include the IEEE-488 interface, relays, analog voltage output, or a second control loop.
  • Page 12 Each input has a high and low alarm which offer latching and non-latching operation. The two relays on the Model 331S can be used in conjunction with the alarms to alert the operator of a fault condition or perform simple on-off control. Relays can be assigned independently to any alarm or be operated manually.
  • Page 13 IEEE-488 interface Terminal block (for relays and analog output) Sensor input connectors Figure 1-1. Model 331S Rear Panel Connections Configurable Display Both versions of the Model 331 include a bright vacuum fluorescent display that simultaneously displays up to four readings. Display data includes input and source annunciators for each reading. All four display locations can be configured by the user.

  • Page 14: Sensor Selection

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual SENSOR SELECTION Table 1-1. Sensor Temperature Range Model Useful Range Magnetic Field Use Diodes Silicon Diode DT-670-SD 1.4 K to 500 K T ≥ 60 K & B ≤ 3 T Silicon Diode DT-670E-BR 30 K to 500 K T ≥...

  • Page 15: Typical Sensor Performance

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 1-2. Typical Sensor Performance Temperature Accuracy Electronic Measurement Electronic including Nominal Control Example Lake Typical Sensor Resolution: Accuracy: Electronic Temp Resistance/ Stability Shore Sensor Sensitivity Temperature Temperature Accuracy, Voltage Temperature Equivalents Equivalents CalCurve™, and Equivalents...

  • Page 16: Specifications

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual SPECIFICATIONS Table 1-3. Input Specifications Sensor Electronic Display Measurement Temperature Input Range Excitation Current Electronic Accuracy Control Resolution Resolution Coefficient Stability Diode negative 0 V to 2.5 V 10 µA ±0.05% 12,13 100 µV 10 µV ±80 µV ±0.005% of rdg...

  • Page 17: Heater Output

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Specifications (Continued) Control Control loops Two on 331S, one on 331E Control type Closed loop digital PID with manual heater output, or open loop Tuning Autotune (one loop at a time), PID, PID zones Control stability Sensor dependent –...
  • Page 18 Contact rating 30 VDC at 5 A Operation Activate relays on high, low, or both alarms for either input or manual Connector Detachable terminal block Analog voltage output (331S) Scale User selected Update rate 10 readings per s Data source...

  • Page 19: Safety Summary

    One Diode/Resistor, One Thermocouple Input 331S-T1 Two Thermocouple Inputs 331S-T2 Economy Temperature Controllers, all features of the 331S except does not include the following: IEEE-488, relays, analog voltage output, second control loop. Two Diode/Resistor Inputs 331E One Diode/Resistor, One Thermocouple Input...

  • Page 20: Safety Symbols

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Safety Summary (Continued) Ventilation The instrument has ventilation holes in its side covers. Do not block these holes when the instrument is operating. Do Not Operate In An Explosive Atmosphere Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.

  • Page 21: Cooling System Design

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual CHAPTER 2 COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN GENERAL Selecting the proper cryostat or cooling source is probably the most important decision in designing a temperature control system. The cooling source defines minimum temperature, cool-down time, and cooling power.

  • Page 22: Environmental Conditions

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 2.1.3 Environmental Conditions The experimental environment is also important when choosing a sensor. Environmental factors such as high vacuum, magnetic field, corrosive chemicals, or even radiation can limit the use of some types of sensors.

  • Page 23: Softcal

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Traditional Calibration (Continued) Calibrated sensors include the measured test data printed and plotted, the coefficients of a Chebychev polynomial that has been fitted to the data, and two tables of data points to be used as interpolation tables.

  • Page 24: Silicon Diode Sensor Calibrations And Calcurve

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Typical 2-Point Accuracy Typical 2-Point Accuracy 2 K* - 2 K* - 100 K - 100 K - 305 K - 305 K - Band Band 100 K 100 K 305 K 305 K 375 K 375 K...

  • Page 25: Sensor Installation

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual SENSOR INSTALLATION This section highlights some of the important elements of proper sensor installation. For more detailed information, Lake Shore sensors are shipped with installation instructions that cover that specific sensor type and package. The Lake Shore Temperature Measurement and Control Catalog includes an installation section as well.

  • Page 26: Contact Pressure

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 2.3.5 Contact Pressure When sensors are permanently mounted, the solder or epoxy used to hold the sensor act as both gasket and adhesive. Permanent mounting is not a good solution for everyone because it limits flexibility and can potentially damage sensors.

  • Page 27: Lead Soldering

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 2.3.7 Lead Soldering When additional wire is soldered to short sensor leads, care must be taken not to overheat the sensor. A heat sink such as a metal wire clamp or alligator clip will heat sink the leads and protect the sensor.

  • Page 28: Heater Location

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 2.4.2 Heater Location For best temperature measurement accuracy the heater should be located so that heat flow between the cooling power and heater is minimized. For best control the heater should be in close thermal contact with the cooling power.

  • Page 29: Two-Sensor Approach

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 2.5.3 Two-Sensor Approach There is a conflict between the best sensor location for measurement accuracy and the best sensor location for control. For measurement accuracy the sensor should be very near the sample being measured which is away from the heating and cooling sources to reduce heat flow across the sample and thermal gradients.

  • Page 30: Proportional (P)

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 2.6.1 Proportional (P) The Proportional term, also called gain, must have a value greater than zero for the control loop to operate. The value of the proportional term is multiplied by the error (e) which is defined as the difference between the setpoint and feedback temperatures, to generate the proportional contribution to the output: Output (P) = Pe.

  • Page 31: Examples Of Pid Control

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual P-331-2-3.bmp Figure 2-3. Examples of PID Control Cooling System Design 2-11...

  • Page 32: Manual Tuning

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual MANUAL TUNING There has been a lot written about tuning closed loop control systems and specifically PID control loops. This section does not attempt to compete with control theory experts. It describes a few basic rules of thumb to help less experienced users get started.

  • Page 33: Tuning Integral

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Tuning Proportional (Continued) If the load does not oscillate in a controlled manner, the heater range could be set too low. A constant heater reading of 100% on the display would be an indication of a low range setting. The heater range could also be too high, indicated by rapid changes in the load temperature or heater output with a proportional setting of less than 5.

  • Page 34: Zone Tuning

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual AutoTuning (Continued) When the user selects a new setpoint, the Model 331 logs the change in temperature at the load and the change in heater output that was required to make the load temperature change. The old control settings are used while data is being logged, so a good initial guess of settings can improve the efficiency of the AutoTune feature.

  • Page 35: Installation

    Paragraph 3.5. Thermocouple sensor installation is described in Paragraph 3.6. Heater output setup is provided in Paragraph 3.7. The analog output and relays of the Model 331S are described in Paragraphs 3.8 and 3.9 respectively. An initial setup and system checkout procedure is provided in Paragraph 3.10.

  • Page 36: Rear Panel Definition

    Paragraphs 3.5 Figure 8-2 Thermocouple) Input Connectors and 3.6 RELAYS and ANALOG OUTPUT Terminal Paragraphs 3.8 Figure 8-4 Block (Model 331S Only) and 3.9 IEEE-488 INTERFACE Connector Paragraph 8.4.2 Figure 8-6 (Model 331S Only) Figure 3-1. Model 331 Rear Panel...

  • Page 37: Line Input Assembly

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual LINE INPUT ASSEMBLY This section describes how to properly connect the Model 331 to line power. Please follow these instructions carefully to ensure proper operation of the instrument and the safety of operators. Line Cord Power Switch Fuse...

  • Page 38: Power Switch

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 3.4.4 Power Switch The power switch is part of the line input assembly on the rear panel of the Model 331 and turns line power to the instrument On and Off. When the circle is depressed, power is Off. When the line is depressed, power is On.

  • Page 39: Sensor Lead Cable

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 3.5.2 Sensor Lead Cable The sensor lead cable used outside the cooling system can be much different from what is used inside. Between the instrument and vacuum shroud, error and noise pick up need to be minimized, not heat leak.

  • Page 40: Four-Lead Sensor Measurement

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 3.5.5 Four-Lead Sensor Measurement All sensors, including both two lead and four lead can be measured with a four lead technique. The purpose of a four lead measurement is to eliminate the effect of lead resistance on the measurement. If it is not taken out, lead resistance is a direct error when measuring a sensor.

  • Page 41: Thermocouple Sensor Inputs

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual THERMOCOUPLE SENSOR INPUTS (Model 331X-TX Only) The information in this paragraph is for a Model 331 configured at the factory with one or two thermocouple sensor inputs; being Model 331X-T1 or T2. Sensor connection is important when using thermocouples because the measured signal is small.

  • Page 42: Heater Output Setup

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual HEATER OUTPUT SETUP The following paragraphs cover the heater wiring from the vacuum shroud to the instrument for both control loop outputs. Specifications are detailed in Paragraph 1.2. For help on choosing and installing an appropriate resistive heater, refer to Paragraph 2.4.

  • Page 43: Loop 1 Heater Output Noise

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 3.7.4 Loop 1 Heater Output Noise The heater output circuitry in the Model 331 must be capable of sourcing 50 W of power. This type of circuitry can generate some electrical noise. The Model 331 was designed to generate as little noise as possible but even noise that is a small percentage of the output voltage or current can be too much when sensitive measurements are being made near by.

  • Page 44: Analog Output

    ANALOG OUTPUT (Model 331S Only) The Analog Output available on the rear panel of the Model 331S is a voltage output that can be used for monitor and control applications. Their most basic function is a temperature monitor where it puts out a voltage that is proportional to temperature.

  • Page 45: 3.10 Initial Setup And System Checkout Procedure

    6. Ensure any other rear panel connections are connected before applying power to the unit. For the Model 331E, this includes RS-232 (Paragraph 6.2.1). For the Model 331S, this includes the IEEE-488 (Paragraph 8.4.2), Analog Output (Paragraph 3.8), and Relays (Paragraph 3.9).
  • Page 46 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Initial Setup and System Checkout Procedure (Continued) NOTE: For rated accuracy, the instrument should warm up for at least 30 minutes. 10. The default input settings are “Silicon Diode” on Inputs A and B, with Input A controlling using the “Curve 01 DT-470.”...

  • Page 47: Operation

    For Loop 2, allows selection of Heater On/Off. Refer to Paragraph 4.13. Turns the heater off for Loop 1 or turns the control output off for Loop 2. Refer to Heater Off Paragraph 4.13. LakeShore 331 Temperature Controller a og C331-1-1.eps Figure 4-1.
  • Page 48 Allows the user to configure the analog output feature. Also used to assign the Analog Output analog output to Loop 2 control output thus enabling Loop 2 (331S Only). Refer to Paragraph 4.16. Sets remote or local operation: Remote refers to operation is via IEEE-488 Remote/Local Interface (Model 331S only);...

  • Page 49: Annunciators

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.1.2 Annunciators LED Annunciators Six blue LED annunciators are included to provide visual feedback of the following operation. On when Input A is being used as the control input for the loop being displayed. Refer Control A to Paragraph 4.4.

  • Page 50: Display Definition

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.1.4 Display Definition In normal operation, the 2 row by 20 character vacuum fluorescent display is divided into four user- configurable areas that can provide temperature readings, setpoint display, and heater status. Other information is displayed when using the various functions on the keypad.

  • Page 51: Display Format And Source (Units) Selection

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual DISPLAY FORMAT AND SOURCE (UNITS) SELECTION In the normal display, the display is divided into four user-configurable areas that can provide temperature readings, setpoint display, and heater status. Figure 4-3 illustrates the display location numbering and available selections for each location.
  • Page 52 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Display Format (Continued) With the settings from the previous example, Display Location 1 will resemble the following. À 295.22½ The process is the same for the other three display locations. However, additional choices are provided for Display Location 3 and 4, being Setpoint and Heater Out respectively.

  • Page 53: Input Setup

    Table 4-1 to choose an input type with similar range and excitation. For additional details on sensors, refer to the Lake Shore Temperature Measurement and Control Catalog or visit our website at www.lakeshore.com. Table 4-1. Sensor Input Types...

  • Page 54: Diode Sensor Input Setup - 1 Ma Excitation Current

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.4.2 Diode Sensor Input Setup – 1 mA Excitation Current As an alternative to the standard diode input configuration listed above, the user may select 1 mA excitation while the input configuration matches the diode input setup as detailed in Table 4-1. Input ranges are fixed to 0 –...

  • Page 55: Resistor Sensor Input Setup

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.4.3 Resistor Sensor Input Setup Resistor sensors include the Platinum, Rhodium-Iron, and various NTC RTD sensors (e.g., Cernox™, Rox™, Thermox) detailed in Table 4-1. More detailed specifications are provided in Table 1-3. Input range is fixed to type of sensor.

  • Page 56: Thermocouple Sensor Input Setup

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.4.4 Thermocouple Sensor Input Setup (Model 331X-TX only) The following thermocouple screens are only displayed when the Model 331 hardware is configured at the factory with one or two thermocouple sensor inputs; being Model 331X-T1 or T2. The user has the choice of two different input voltage ranges: ±25 mV and ±50 mV.

  • Page 57: Room-Temperature Calibration Procedure

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.4.4.2 Room-Temperature Calibration Procedure Room-temperature calibration is used to calibrate the built-in compensation and is recommended when a thermocouple is first installed or any time a thermocouple is changed. Factory calibration of the instrument is accurate to within approximately ±1 K. Differences in thermocouple wire and installation technique create errors greater than the instrument errors.

  • Page 58: Curve Selection

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual CURVE SELECTION The Model 331 supports a variety of temperature sensors sold by Lake Shore and other manufacturers. After the appropriate sensor type is selected for each of the two inputs (Paragraph 4.4), an appropriate curve may be selected for each input.

  • Page 59: Diode Sensor Curve Selection

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.5.1 Diode Sensor Curve Selection Once the input is setup for the Silicon or Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenide Diode (Paragraph 4.4.1), you may choose a temperature curve. Standard curve numbers 1 thru 4, or none, being relevant choices. You are also given the choice of “None.”...

  • Page 60: Temperature Control

    Loop 2: Loop 2, the auxiliary control loop (331S only), shares most of the operational features of loop 1 but uses the 1 W analog voltage output as its control output. By itself, loop 2 is capable of driving a sample heater or other low power load.

  • Page 61: Control Modes

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.6.2 Control Modes The Model 331 offers two control modes, closed loop and open loop. To select a control mode refer to Paragraph 4.7. Closed Loop Control: Closed loop control, often called feedback control, is the control mode most often associated with temperature controllers.
  • Page 62 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Control Setup (Continued) The control setpoint can be displayed and set in temperature or sensor units. Changing setpoint units does not change operation of the controller, only the way the setpoint is displayed and entered. A valid curve must be assigned to the control input to use temperature units.

  • Page 63: Manual Tuning

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual MANUAL TUNING (Closed-Loop PID Control) In manual PID mode, the controller will accept user-entered Proportional, Integral, and Derivative parameters to provide three-term PID control. Manual heater power output can be set manually in open loop and closed loop control modes.

  • Page 64: Manually Setting Derivative (D)

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.8.3 Manually Setting Derivative (D) The derivative parameter (sometimes called rate) is the D part of the PID control equation. The rate time constant should normally be somewhere between 1/4 and 1/8 the integral time in seconds, if used at all.

  • Page 65: Autotune (Closed-Loop Pid Control)

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual AUTO TUNE (Closed-Loop PID Control) The Model 331 automates the tuning process of typical cryogenic systems with the AutoTune feature. For additional information about the algorithm refer to Paragraph 2.8. Before initiating AutoTune the cooling system must be set up properly with control sensor and heater making it capable of closed-loop control.

  • Page 66: Zone Settings (Closed-Loop Control)

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.10 ZONE SETTINGS (Closed-Loop Control Mode) The Model 331 allows the user to establish up to 10 custom contiguous temperature zones where the controller will automatically use pre-programmed PID values and heater ranges. Zone control can be active for both control loops at the same time.
  • Page 67 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Zone Settings (Continued) Enter for Zone 01 Integ (I) 20.0 The Integral (I) value is entered using the numeric keypad, which includes the numbers 0 – 9, +/–, and decimal point. Integral has a range of 0.1 to 1000 with a default of 20. Press the Enter key to accept the new setting.

  • Page 68: Record Of Zone Settings

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Zone Setting WorkSheet Zone 10 Setpoint: Proportional Integral Derivative MHP Output Heater Range (0.1-1000) (0.1-1000) (0-200) (0-100%) Off Low Med High Zone 09 Setpoint: Proportional Integral Derivative MHP Output Heater Range (0.1-1000) (0.1-1000) (0-200) (0-100%)

  • Page 69: Setpoint

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.11 SETPOINT The control setpoint is the desired load temperature expressed in temperature or sensor units. Use sensor units if no temperature response curve is selected for the sensor input used as the control channel.

  • Page 70: 4.12 Ramp

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.12 RAMP The Model 331 generates a smooth setpoint ramp when the setpoint units are expressed in temperature. The user can set a ramp rate in degrees per minute with a range of 0 to 100 and a resolution of 0.1.

  • Page 71: 4.13 Heater Range And Heater Off

    Enter key. You will return to the normal display. For the Model 331S only, use the s or t key to toggle between Loop 2 Heater settings: Off and On. Once the desired heater setting is displayed, press the Enter key. You will return to the normal display.

  • Page 72: 4.14 Math

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.14 MATH Three math features are included for convenience and aid in setting up experiments. Max and Min readings can be captured. A linear equation can be applied to input data to correct system errors or improve performance of the analog outputs.

  • Page 73: 4.14.2 Linear

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.14.2 Linear The Model 331 will process either of two simple linear equations for each sensor input: MX+B or M(X+B). The result can be displayed or directed to the analog voltage output. There are two different equations available.

  • Page 74: 4.14.3 Filter

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Linear (Continued) Use the s or t key to toggle between the Linear B Variable: +SP1, –SP1, +SP2, –SP2, Value. Press the Enter key to accept the new setting. You will see the next display. Enter for Math A Lin Equ B +0.0000...

  • Page 75: Alarms And Relays

    The beeper inside the instrument can also be programmed to sound if any alarms activate. The two relays on a 331S can also be tied to alarm functions as described below. Latching Alarms – Often used to detect faults in a system or experiment that require operator intervention.
  • Page 76 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Alarms (Continued) Select for Alm A °® Alarm Use the s or t key to toggle between Alarm On or Off. Press the Enter key. Select for Alm A °® Source Temp K Use the s or t key to cycle through the following data sources: Temp C, Temp K, Linear, or Sensor, where Temp C = degrees Celsius, Temp K = kelvin, Linear = MX+B or M(X+B) (refer to Paragraph 4.14.2), or Sensor = volts (V), millivolts (mV) or ohms (Ω).

  • Page 77: Relays

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.15.2 Relays (331S Only) There are two relays on the Model 331S numbered 1 and 2. They are most commonly thought of as alarm relays, but may be manually controlled also. Relay assignments are configurable as shown in Figure 4-6.Two relays can be used with one sensor input for independent high and low operation.

  • Page 78: Analog Output

    4.16 ANALOG OUTPUT (Model 331S Only) The Model 331S has a single analog output on Pins 7 and 8 of the terminal block at the rear of the instrument. It is normally configured to send a voltage proportional to temperature to a strip chart recorder or separate data acquisition system.
  • Page 79 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Analog Output In Input Mode (Continued) Bipolar mode refers to whether or not negative voltages are used, as shown below. Input Bipolar Mode: On Bipolar Mode: On Output Input Mode Input Mode Input Bipolar Mode: Off Bipolar Mode: Off...

  • Page 80: 4.16.2 Analog Output In Manual Mode

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.16.2 Analog Output In Manual Mode In Manual mode, the analog output provide a fixed output according to a percentage of full scale entered by the user; -100.00% to +100.00% corresponding to –10 V to +10 V. The setting resolution on the display is 0.001% but the output itself is limited to 0.003%.

  • Page 81: 4.16.3 Analog Output In Loop 2 Mode

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 4.16.3 Analog Output In Loop 2 Mode In Loop 2 mode, the analog output is directly controlled by Model 331. To place the analog output in Loop 2 mode, press the Analog Output key, then press the s or t key until you see the following display.

  • Page 82: 4.18 Display Brightness

    9600. Press the Enter key to accept the changes or the Escape key to keep the existing setting and return to the normal display. On the Model 331S only, to set the IEEE-488 Interface Address and Terminators, press the Interface key, then press the Enter key until you see the following screen.

  • Page 83: Default Values

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Interface (Continued) Use the s or t key to cycle through the following Terminator choices: Cr Lf, Lf Cr, Lf, or EOI, where Cr = Carriage Return, Lf = Line Feed, and EOI = End Or Identify. The default terminator is Cr Lf. Press the Enter key to accept the changes and continue to the next screen, or the Escape key to keep the existing setting and return to the normal display.

  • Page 84: Default Values

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Default Values (Continued) Use the s or t key to select Yes or No to reset the NOVRAM. Select Yes to reset all Model 331 parameters to the defaults listed in Table 4-5. Press the Enter key. The second screen appears as follows.

  • Page 85: Advanced Operation

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED OPERATION GENERAL This chapter covers the advanced operation of the Model 331 Temperature Controller. Advanced operation consists of the functions related to temperature response curves. A temperature response curve can be entered into the Model 331 in several ways: order it factory-installed (Paragraphs 2.2 and 7.2), create a SoftCal curve (Paragraph 5.3);...

  • Page 86: Curve Breakpoints

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 5.1.2 Curve Breakpoints Temperature response data of a calibrated sensor must be reduced to a table of breakpoints before entering it into the instrument. Each breakpoint consists of one value in sensor units and one temperature value in kelvin.

  • Page 87: Curve Header Parameters

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 5-1. Curve Header Parameters The curve name cannot be changed from the front panel. Curve names can only be entered over the computer interface (up to 15 characters). The default curve Name: name is User xx, where xx is the curve number.

  • Page 88: Edit Curve

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 5.2.1 Edit Curve The Edit Curve operation is used to enter a new curve or edit an existing user curve. Only user curves (21 to 41) can be changed. Standard curves can only be viewed with the edit operation. Entering the identification parameters associated with the curve is as important as entering the breakpoints.

  • Page 89: Thermocouple Curve Considerations

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Edit Curve (Continued) The temperature coefficient (positive or negative) of the curve is displayed. The coefficient is calculated from the first two points of the curve and cannot be changed. Press the Enter key. Now that the curve identification parameters are entered, it is time to enter curve breakpoints.

  • Page 90: Erase Curve

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 5.2.2 Erase Curve User curves that are no longer needed may be erased. Erase Curve sets all identification parameters to default and blanks all breakpoint values. To erase an existing user curve, press the Curve Entry key. Press the s or t key until you see the following display.

  • Page 91: Softcal

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Copy Curve (Continued) Once the curve number is selected, press the Enter key. You will see the following message. Select Copy to °® Curve 21 User Use the s or t key to select the curve number (21 thru 41) to copy to. Press the Enter key to copy the curve.

  • Page 92: Softcal Accuracy With Silicon Diode Sensors

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual SoftCal Point 1 SoftCal Point 2 SoftCal Point 1 SoftCal Point 1 C-331-5-1.eps Figure 5-1. SoftCal Temperature Ranges for Silicon Diode Sensors Point 1: Calibration data point at or near the boiling point of helium, 4.2 K. Temperatures outside 2 K to 10 K are not allowed.

  • Page 93: Softcal With Platinum Sensors

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 5.3.3 SoftCal With Platinum Sensors The platinum sensor is a well-accepted temperature standard because of its consistent and repeatable temperature response above 30 K. SoftCal gives platinum sensors better accuracy than their nominal matching to the DIN 43760 curve. SoftCal Point 1 SoftCal Point 1 SoftCal Point 2...

  • Page 94: Softcal Calibration Curve Creation

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 5.3.5 SoftCal Calibration Curve Creation Once the calibration data points have been obtained, you may create a SoftCal calibration. This example illustrates SoftCal of a DT-470 Diode. Press the Curve Entry key. Press the s or t key until you see the following display.
  • Page 95 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual SoftCal Calibration Curve Creation (Continued) NOTE: If Point 2 is not being used, press the Enter key with both settings at their default value and advance to Point 3. Use the numerical keypad to enter the measured data point at or near the boiling point of nitrogen (77.35 K).
  • Page 96 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual This Page Intentionally Left Blank 5-12 Advanced Operation...

  • Page 97: Computer Interface Operation

    330 Emulation Mode: CUID?, CURV, CURV?, ECUR, KCUR, and SCAL. IEEE-488 INTERFACE (Model 331S Only) The IEEE-488 Interface is an instrumentation bus with hardware and programming standards that simplify instrument interfacing. The Model 331 IEEE-488 Interface complies with the IEEE-488.2-1987 standard and incorporates its functional, electrical, and mechanical specifications unless otherwise specified in this manual.

  • Page 98: Ieee-488 Interface Parameters

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.1.1 Changing IEEE-488 Interface Parameters Two interface parameters, address and terminators, must be set from the front panel before communication with the instrument can be established. Other interface parameters can be set with device specific commands using the interface (Paragraph 6.3).

  • Page 99: Common Commands

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Bus Control Commands (Continued) Finally, Addressed Bus Control Commands are Multiline commands that must include the Model 331 listen address before the instrument responds. Only the addressed device responds to these commands. The Model 331 recognizes three of the Addressed Bus Control Commands: SDC (Selective Device Clear) –...

  • Page 100: Status Registers

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.1.3 Status Registers There are two status registers: the Status Byte Register described in Paragraph 6.1.3.1, and the Standard Event Status Register in Paragraph 6.1.3.2. 6.1.3.1 Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register The Status Byte Register contains six bits of information about the operation of the Model 331.

  • Page 101: Ieee Interface Example Programs

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Standard Event Status Register and Standard Event Status Enable Register (Continued) The Standard Event Status Enable Query, Q ESE?, reads the Standard Event Status Enable Register. Q ESR? reads the Standard Event Status Register. Once this register has been read, all of the bits are reset to zero.

  • Page 102: Gpib Setting Configuration

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Figure 6-1. GPIB Setting Configuration Figure 6-2. DEV 12 Device Template Configuration Remote Operation...

  • Page 103: Visual Basic Ieee-488 Interface Program Setup

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.1.4.2 Visual Basic IEEE-488 Interface Program Setup This IEEE-488 interface program works with Visual Basic 6.0 (VB6) on an IBM PC (or compatible) with a Pentium-class processor. A Pentium 90 or higher is recommended, running Windows 95 or better.

  • Page 104: Ieee-488 Interface Program Control Properties

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 6-1. IEEE-488 Interface Program Control Properties Current Name Property New Value Label1 Name lblExitProgram Caption Type “exit” to end program. Label2 Name lblCommand Caption Command Label3 Name lblResponse Caption Response Text1 Name txtCommand Text...

  • Page 105: Visual Basic Ieee-488 Interface Program

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 6-2. Visual Basic IEEE-488 Interface Program Public gSend As Boolean 'Global used for Send button state Private Sub cmdSend_Click() 'Routine to handle Send button press gSend = True 'Set Flag to True End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() 'Main code section...

  • Page 106: Ieee-488 Interface Board Installation For Quick Basic Program

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.1.4.3 IEEE-488 Interface Board Installation for Quick Basic Program This procedure works on an IBM PC (or compatible) running DOS or in a DOS window. This example uses the National Instruments GPIB-PCII/IIA card. 1.

  • Page 107: Typical National Instruments Gpib Configuration From Ibconf.exe

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual National Instruments National Instruments GPIB0 Configuration GPIB-PC2/2A Ver 2.1 Primary GPIB Address ..Primary GPIB Address ..à à 0 0 Select the primary GPIB address by é é Secondary GPIB Address ..NONE Secondary GPIB Address ..

  • Page 108: Quick Basic Ieee-488 Interface Program

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 6-3. Quick Basic IEEE-488 Interface Program IEEEEXAM.BAS EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR IEEE-488 INTERFACE This program works with QuickBasic 4.0/4.5 on an IBM PC or compatible. The example requires a properly configured National Instruments GPIB-PC2 card. The REM $INCLUDE statement is necessary along with a correct path to the file QBDECL.BAS.

  • Page 109: Program Operation

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.1.4.5 Program Operation Once either example program is running, try the following commands and observe the response of the instrument. Input from the user is shown in bold and terminators are added by the program. The word [term] indicates the required terminators included with the response.

  • Page 110: Serial Interface Overview

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual SERIAL INTERFACE OVERVIEW The serial interface used in the Model 331 is commonly referred to as an RS-232C interface. RS-232C is a standard of the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) that describes one of the most common interfaces between computers and electronic equipment.

  • Page 111: Character Format

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.2.3 Character Format A character is the smallest piece of information that can be transmitted by the interface. Each character is 10 bits long and contains data bits, bits for character timing and an error detection bit. The instrument uses 7 bits for data in the ASCII format.

  • Page 112: Message Flow Control

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.2.5 Message Flow Control It is important to remember that the user program is in charge of the serial communication at all times. The instrument can not initiate communication, determine which device should be transmitting at a given time or guarantee timing between messages.

  • Page 113: Serial Interface Example Programs

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.2.7 Serial Interface Example Programs Two BASIC programs are included to illustrate the serial communication functions of the instrument. The first program was written in Visual Basic. Refer to Paragraph 6.2.7.1 for instructions on how to setup the program.

  • Page 114: Serial Interface Program Control Properties

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 6-5. Serial Interface Program Control Properties Current Name Property New Value Label1 Name lblExitProgram Caption Type “exit” to end program. Label2 Name lblCommand Caption Command Label3 Name lblResponse Caption Response Text1 Name txtCommand Text...

  • Page 115: Visual Basic Serial Interface Program

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 6-6. Visual Basic Serial Interface Program Public gSend As Boolean 'Global used for Send button state Private Sub cmdSend_Click() 'Routine to handle Send button press gSend = True 'Set Flag to True End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() 'Main code section...

  • Page 116: Quick Basic Serial Interface Program Setup

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.2.7.2 Quick Basic Serial Interface Program Setup The serial interface program listed in Table 6-7 works with QuickBasic 4.0/4.5 or Qbasic on an IBM PC (or compatible) running DOS or in a DOS window with a serial interface. It uses the COM1 communication port at 9600 Baud.

  • Page 117: Program Operation

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.2.7.3 Program Operation Once either example program is running, try the following commands and observe the response of the instrument. Input from the user is shown in bold and terminators are added by the program. The word [term] indicates the required terminators included with the response.

  • Page 118: Command Summary

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual COMMAND SUMMARY This paragraph provides a listing of the IEEE-488 and Serial Interface Commands. A summary of all the commands is provided in Table 6-8. All the commands are detailed in Paragraph 6.3.1, which is presented in alphabetical order.

  • Page 119: Command Summary

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 6-8. Command Summary Command Function Page Command Function Page Q CLS Clear Interface Cmd ....... 24 HTR? Heater Output Query ......32 Q ESE Event Status Enable Cmd ...... 24 HTRST? Heater Status Query .......

  • Page 120: Interface Commands (Alphabetical Listing)

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 6.3.1 Interface Commands (Alphabetical Listing) QCLS Clear Interface Command QCLS[term] Input: Remarks: Clears the bits in the Status Byte Register and Standard Event Status Register and terminates all pending operations. Clears the interface, but not the controller. The related controller command is QRST .
  • Page 121 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Operation Complete Command QOPC[term] Input: Remarks: Generates an Operation Complete event in the Event Status Register upon completion of all pending selected device operations. Send it as the last command in a command string. OPC? Operation Complete Query QOPC?[term]...
  • Page 122 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual QTST? Self-Test Query QTST?[term] Input: Returned: <status>[term] Format: <status> 0 = no errors found, 1 = errors found Remarks: The Model 331 reports status based on test done at power up. QWAI Wait-to-Continue Command QWAI[term] Input:...
  • Page 123 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual ALMRST Reset Alarm Status Command Input: ALMRST[term] Remarks: Clears both the high and low status of all alarms, including latching alarms. ANALOG Analog Output Parameter Command Input: ANALOG <bipolar enable>, <mode>, <input>, <source>, <high value>, <low value>, <manual value>[term] n,n,a,n,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn Format:...
  • Page 124 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual BEEP Alarm Beeper Command Input: BEEP <state>[term] Format: <state> 0 = Off, 1 = On. Remarks: Enables or disables system beeper sound when an alarm condition is met. BEEP? Alarm Beeper Query Input: BEEP? Returned: <state>...
  • Page 125 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual CRVDEL Curve Delete Command Input: CRVDEL <curve>[term] Format: <curve> Specifies a user curve to delete. Valid entries: 21 – 41. Example: CRVDEL 21[term] – Deletes User Curve 21. CRVHDR Curve Header Command Input: CRVHDR <curve>, <name>, <SN>, <format>, <limit value>, <coefficient>[term]...
  • Page 126 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual CRVPT? Curve Data Point Query Input: CRVPT? <curve>, <index>[term] Format: nn,nnn <curve> Specifies which curve to query: 1 – 41. <index> Specifies the points index in the curve: 1 – 200. Returned: <units value>, <temp value>[term] Format: ±nnnnnnn,±nnnnnnn (Refer to command for description) Remarks: Returns a standard or user curve data point.
  • Page 127 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual DISPFLD? Displayed Field Query Input: DISPFLD? <field>[term] Format: n <field> Specifies field to query: 1 – 4. Returned: <item>, <source>[term] Format: n,n (Refer to command for description) EMUL 330 Emulation Mode Command Input: EMUL <off/on>[term] Format:...
  • Page 128 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual HTR? Heater Output Query Input: HTR?[term] Returned: <heater value>[term] +nnn.n Format: <heater value> Loop 1 heater output in percent (%). Use AOUT? for Loop 2. HTRST? Heater Status Query Input: HTRST?[term] Returned: <error code>[term] Format: <error code>...
  • Page 129 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual INTYPE Input Type Parameter Command Input: INTYPE <input>, <sensor type>, <compensation>[term] a,n,n Format: <input> Specifies input to configure: A or B. <sensor type> Specifies input sensor type. Valid entries: 0 = Silicon Diode 5 = NTC RTD 1 = GaAlAs Diode 6 = Thermocouple 25 mV...
  • Page 130 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual LINEAR Input Linear Equation Parameter Command Input: LINEAR <input>, <equation>, <varM value>, <X source>, <B source>, <varB value>[term] a,n,±nnnnnn,n,n,±nnnnnn Format: <input> Specifies input to configure: A or B. <equation> Specifies linear equation to use. Valid entries: 1 = (y = mx + b), 2 = (y = m(x + b)).
  • Page 131 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual MNMX Minimum and Maximum Input Function Parameter Command Input: MNMX <input>, <source>[term] Format: <input> Specifies input to configure: A or B. <source> Specifies input data to process through max/min. Valid entries: 1 = kelvin, 2 = Celsius, 3 = sensor units, 4 = linear data.
  • Page 132 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Control Loop PID Values Command Input: PID <loop>, <P value>, <I value>, <D value>[term] n,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn Format: <loop> Specifies loop to configure: 1 or 2. <P value> The value for control loop Proportional (gain): 0.1 to 1000. <I value>...
  • Page 133 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual RANGE Heater Range Command Input: RANGE <range>[term] 0 = Off, 1 = Low (0.5 W), 2 = Medium (5 W), 3 = High (50 W) Format: RANGE? Heater Range Query Input: RANGE?[term] Returned: <range>[term] (Refer to command for description) Format:...
  • Page 134 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual REV? Input Firmware Revision Query Input: REV?[term] Returned: <revision>[term] Format: Remarks: Returns the version number of the input firmware installed in the instrument. SCAL Generate SoftCal Curve Command Input: SCAL <std>, <dest>, <SN>, <T1 value>, <U1 value>, <T2 value>, <U2 value>, <T3 value>, <U3 value>[term] n,nn,aaaaaaaaaa,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn,±nnnnnn Format:...
  • Page 135 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual TEMP? Thermocouple Junction Temperature Query Input: TEMP? Returned: <junction temperature>[term] ±nnnnnnn Format: Remarks: Temperature is in kelvin. TUNEST? Control Tuning Status Query Input: TUNEST? Returned: <tuning status>[term] 0 = no active tuning, 1 = active tuning. Format: ZONE Control Loop Zone Table Parameter Command...
  • Page 136 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual This Page Intentionally Left Blank 6-40 Remote Operation...

  • Page 137: Options And Accessories

    331S 331S-T1 ..One Diode/Resistor, One Thermocouple Input. 331S-T2 ..Two Thermocouple Inputs. Economy Temperature Controller . Includes all features of the Model 331S except Relays and Analog Output (2 control loop) and IEEE-488 Interface. Model numbers as follows: 331E ... Two Diode/Resistor Inputs.

  • Page 138: Accessories

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual ACCESSORIES Accessories are devices that perform a secondary duty as an aid or refinement to the primary unit. Refer to the Lake Shore Temperature Measurement and Control Catalog for details. A list of accessories available for the Model 331 is as follows: Model Description Of Accessories...
  • Page 139 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Accessories (Continued) Model Description Of Accessories (Continued) ® “N” Grease, 25 gram Tube . General purpose grease well-suited for cryogenic Apiezon use because of its low viscosity. It is often used as a means of thermally anchoring cryogenic sensors as well as lubricating joints and o-rings.

  • Page 140: Model 331 Sensor And Heater Cable Assembly

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 112-334.bmp Figure 7-1. Model 331 Sensor and Heater Cable Assembly 10' - P/N 112-334, 20' - P/N 112-334 MODEL 3003 HEATER OUTPUT CONDITIONER The Lake Shore Model 3003 Heater Output Conditioner is a passive filter which reduces the already low noise present in the heater output of the Model 331.

  • Page 141: Model Rm-1/2 Rack-Mount Kit

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual P-331-7-3.bmp Figure 7-3. Model RM-1/2 Rack-Mount Kit Options and Accessories...
  • Page 142 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Installation Procedure Installation Procedure C-331-7-4.eps Figure 7-4. Model RM-2 Dual Rack-Mount Shelf Options and Accessories...

  • Page 143: Service

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual CHAPTER 8 SERVICE GENERAL This chapter describes the service for the Model 331 Temperature Controller. Paragraph 8.1 provides a description of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), line voltage selection in Paragraph 8.2, fuse replacement in Paragraph 8.3, rear panel connector definitions in Paragraph 8.4, top of enclosure remove and replace procedure in Paragraph 8.5, firmware and NOVRAM replacement in Paragraph 8.6, jumpers in Paragraph 8.7, error messages in Paragraph 8.8, and calibration procedure in Paragraph 8.9.

  • Page 144: Line Voltage Selection

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION Use the following procedure to change the instrument line voltage selector. Verify the fuse value whenever line voltage is changed. WARNING: To avoid potentially lethal shocks, turn off controller and disconnect it from AC power before performing these procedures.

  • Page 145: Rear Panel Connector Definitions

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 5. Remove and discard both existing fuses. Replace with proper Slow-Blow (time-delay) fuse ratings as follows: 100/120 V 1.60 A T 250 V 5 × 20 mm 220/240 V 0.80 A T 250 V 5 ×...

  • Page 146: Rs-232 Connector Details

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual C-331-8-4.eps Description Relay 1 – Normally Closed (NC) Relay 1 – Common (COM) Relay 1 – Normally Open (NO) Relay 2 – Normally Close (NC) Relay 2 – Common (COM) Relay 2 – Normally Open (NO) Analog Voltage Output –...

  • Page 147: Serial Interface Cable Wiring

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 8.4.1 Serial Interface Cable Wiring The following are suggested cable wiring diagrams for connecting the Model 331 Serial Interface to various Customer Personal Computers (PCs). Model 331 to PC Serial Interface – PC with DE-9P Model 331 DE-9P Standard Null-Modem Cable (DE-9S to DE-9S) PC DE-9P...

  • Page 148: Ieee-488 Interface Connector

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 8.4.2 IEEE-488 Interface Connector Connect to the IEEE-488 Interface connector on the Model 331 rear with cables specified in the IEEE-488-1978 standard document. The cable has 24 conductors with an outer shield. The connectors are 24-way Amphenol 57 Series (or equivalent) with piggyback receptacles to allow daisy-chaining in multiple device systems.

  • Page 149: Top Of Enclosure Remove And Replace Procedure

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual TOP OF ENCLOSURE REMOVE AND REPLACE PROCEDURE WARNING: To avoid potentially lethal shocks, turn off controller and disconnect it from AC power line before performing this procedure. Only qualified personnel should perform this procedure. REMOVAL 1.

  • Page 150: Jumpers

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual JUMPERS There are seven jumpers located on the main circuit board of the Model 331. See Figure 8-7 for the location of the jumpers (reference designators JMP1 thru JMP7). CAUTION : Only JMP4 and JMP7 should be changed by the user. Please consult with Lake Shore before changing any of the other jumpers.

  • Page 151: Location Of Internal Components

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual P-331-8-7.bmp Figure 8-7. Location Of Internal Components Service...

  • Page 152: Calibration Procedure

    This procedure contains instructions for both input types. The analog output calibration is necessary for the Model 331S only and may be ignored for the Model 331E. Refer to Paragraph 8.9.5 for details on calibration specific interface commands.

  • Page 153: Diode/Resistor Sensor Input Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Equipment Required for Calibration (Continued) Resistor Standards • Resistor standards with the following nominal values. If standards are not available, ¼ W 25ppm/ C metal film resistors can be used. They should have connectors attached to mate with two dual banana plugs for 4-lead measurement.

  • Page 154: Diode Input Ranges Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 8.9.2.3 Diode Input Ranges Calibration Purpose To determine the input offset and gain errors when the input is configured for the diode ranges and provide offset and gain calibration constants back to the Model 331. Process 1.

  • Page 155: Resistive Input Ranges Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 8.9.2.4 Resistive Input Ranges Calibration Purpose To determine the input offset and gain errors when the input is configured for the resistive ranges and provide offset and gain calibration constants back to the Model 331. This step will calibrate all resistive ranges with reversing both on and off.

  • Page 156: Diode Sensor Input Calibration - 1 Ma Excitation Current

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table 8-2. Calibration Table for Resistive Ranges Calibration Resistor Resistor Value Cal. Command Range Reversal Nominal Value Known to Type Number 100 Ω Plat/250 100 Ω ±0.0070 Ω 100 Ω Plat/250 100 Ω ±0.0070 Ω...

  • Page 157: Analog Output Calibration (Model 331S Only)

    ±0.0130 mV DC 8.9.5 Analog Output Calibration (Model 331S Only) Overview The Model 331S has one analog output which requires calibration. Zero offset and gain errors are calibrated out by programming offset and gain constants to the instrument. Calibration Process Service...

  • Page 158: Analog Output Calibration

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 8.9.5.1 Analog Output Calibration Purpose To determine the analog output offset and gain errors and provide offset and gain calibration constants back to the Model 331. Process 1. Reset the calibration constants to their default values using the CALRSTZ and CALRSTG commands.

  • Page 159: Calibration Specific Interface Commands

    Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual 8.9.5 Calibration Specific Interface Commands CALG Gain Calibration Constant Command CALG <input>, <type>, <value>[term] Input: a,nn,±nnnnnnn Format: <input> Specifies which input or analog output the gain calibration constant will be provided to. Valid entries are A or B for inputs and V for the analog output. <type>...
  • Page 160 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual CALRSTZ Reset Zero Offset Calibration Constant Command CALRSTZ <input>, <type>[term] Input: a,nn Format: <input> Specifies which input for which to reset the zero offset calibration constant to the default value. Valid entries are A or B for inputs and V for the analog output. <type>...
  • Page 161 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY absolute zero . The temperature of –273.16 °C, or –459.69 °F, or 0 K, thought to be the temperature at which molecular motion vanishes and a body would have no heat energy. accuracy .
  • Page 162 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual autotuning . In Lake Shore Temperature Controllers, the Autotuning algorithm automatically determines the proper settings for Gain (Proportional), Reset (Integral), and Rate (Derivative) by observing the time response of the system upon changes in setpoint. B .
  • Page 163 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual decibels (dB) . A unit for describing the ratio of two powers or intensities, or the ratio of a power to a reference power; equal to one-tenth bel; if P and P are two amounts of power, the first is said to be n decibels greater, where n = 10 log degree .
  • Page 164 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual gilbert (Gb) . A cgs electromagnetic unit of the magnetomotive force required to produce one maxwell of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit of unit reluctance. One gilbert is equal to 10/4 π ampere-turn. Named for William Gilbert (1540 –...
  • Page 165 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Kelvin Scale . The Kelvin Thermodynamic Temperature Scale is the basis for all international scales, including the ITS-90. It is fixed at two points: the absolute zero of temperature (0 K), and the triple point of water (273.16 K), the equilibrium temperature that pure water reaches in the presence of ice and its own vapor.
  • Page 166 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) . Government agency located in Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado, that defines measurement standards in the United States. noise (electrical). Unwanted electrical signals that produce undesirable effects in circuits of control systems in which they occur.
  • Page 167 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual relief valve . A type of pressure relief device which is designed to relieve excessive pressure, and to reclose and reseal to prevent further flow of gas from the cylinder after reseating pressure has been achieved. remanence .
  • Page 168 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual susceptance . In electrical terms, susceptance is defined as the reciprocal of reactance and the imaginary part of the complex representation of admittance: [suscept(ibility) + (conduct)ance]. susceptibility (χ) . Parameter giving an indication of the response of a material to an applied magnetic field. The susceptibility is the ratio of the magnetization (M) to the applied field (H).
  • Page 169 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX B TEMPERATURE SCALES B1.0 DEFINITION Temperature is a fundamental unit of measurement which describes the kinetic and potential energies of the atoms and molecules of bodies. When the energies and velocities of the molecules in a body are increased, the temperature is increased whether the body is a solid, liquid, or gas.
  • Page 170 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table B-1. Temperature Conversion Table °F °C °F °C °F °C -459.67 -273.15 -292 -180 93.15 -129.67 -89.82 183.33 -454 -270 3.15 -290 -178.89 94.26 -120 -84.44 188.71 -450 -267.78 5.37 -289.67 -178.71 94.44 -119.67...
  • Page 171 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX C HANDLING LIQUID HELIUM AND NITROGEN C1.0 GENERAL Use of liquid helium (LHe) and liquid nitrogen (LN ) is often associated with the Model 331 Temperature Controller. Although not explosive, there are a number of safety considerations to keep in mind in the handling of LHe and LN C2.0 PROPERTIES LHe and LN...
  • Page 172 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual C4.0 LIQUID HELIUM AND NITROGEN SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Transferring LHe and LN and operation of the storage dewar controls should be in accordance with the manufacturer/supplier’s instructions. During this transfer, it is important that all safety precautions written on the storage dewar and recommended by the manufacturer be followed.
  • Page 173 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual APPENDIX D CURVE TABLES D1.0 GENERAL Standard curve tables included in the Model 331 Temperature Controller are as follows: Curve 01 DT-470 Silicon Diode ........... Table D-1 Curve 02 DT-670 Silicon Diode ........... Table D-2 Curve 03 &...
  • Page 174 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-2. Standard DT-670 Diode Curve Breakpoint Temp. (K) Breakpoint Temp. (K) Breakpoint Temp. (K) 0.090570 500.0 1.01064 87.0 1.19475 20.2 0.110239 491.0 1.02125 81.0 1.24208 17.10 0.136555 479.5 1.03167 75.0 1.26122 15.90 0.179181 461.5...
  • Page 175 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-4. Lake Shore PT-100/-1000 Platinum RTD Curves Break- PT-100 PT-1000 point Temp. (K) Temp. (K) Ohms (Ω) Ohms (Ω) 030.0 3.820 030.0 38.20 032.0 4.235 032.0 42.35 036.0 5.146 036.0 51.46 038.0 5.650 038.0...
  • Page 176 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-5. Lake Shore RX-102A Rox™ Curve Break- Temp. Break- Temp. Break- Temp. logΩ logΩ logΩ point point point 3.17838 3.02081 40.0 3.05186 13.50 2.96 3.18540 3.02133 38.8 3.05322 13.10 2.81 3.19253 3.02184 37.7 3.05466...
  • Page 177 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-6. Lake Shore RX-202A Rox™ Curve Break- Temp. Break- Temp. Break- Temp. logΩ logΩ logΩ point point point 3.35085 40.0 3.40482 11.45 3.52772 2.17 3.35222 38.5 3.40688 11.00 3.53459 2.04 3.35346 37.2 3.54157 3.40905...
  • Page 178 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-7. Type K (Nickel-Chromium vs. Nickel-Aluminum) Thermocouple Curve Break- Temp Break- Temp Break- Temp Break- Temp point point point point -6.45774 3.15 -6.10828 57.4 -2.95792 18.1482 714.5 -6.45733 3.68 -6.08343 59.4 -2.82629 19.2959 741.5...
  • Page 179 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-8. Type E (Nickel-Chromium vs. Copper-Nickel) Thermocouple Curve Break- Break- Break- Temp (K) Temp (K) Temp (K) point point point -9.834960 3.15 -8.713010 77.50 0.701295 285.00 -9.834220 3.59 -8.646710 80.00 1.061410 291.00 -9.833370 4.04...
  • Page 180 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-9. Type T (Copper vs. Copper-Nickel) Thermocouple Curve Break- Break- Break- Temp (K) Temp (K) Temp (K) point point point -6.257510 3.15 -5.424100 84.00 0.623032 289.00 -6.257060 3.56 -5.380600 86.50 0.843856 294.50 -6.256520 4.00...
  • Page 181 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-10. Chromel-AuFe0.03% Thermocouple Curve * Breakpoint Temp (K) Breakpoint Temp (K) -4.6667 -2.24537 -4.62838 6.35 -2.06041 -4.60347 8.15 -1.86182 180.5 -4.58043 9.75 -1.66004 -4.53965 12.5 -1.47556 200.5 -4.47226 16.95 -1.0904 -4.43743 19.3 -0.73397 237.5...
  • Page 182 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual Table D-11. Chromel-AuFe0.07% Thermocouple Curve Break- Temp Break- Temp Break- Temp point point point -5.279520 3.15 -3.340820 115.00 1.313400 332.50 -5.272030 3.78 -3.253410 119.50 1.511140 341.50 -5.263500 4.46 -3.165360 124.00 1.709250 350.50 -5.253730 5.20 -3.076690...

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331e

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