GE P645 Manuals

Manuals and User Guides for GE P645. We have 1 GE P645 manual available for free PDF download: Technical Manual

GE P645 Technical Manual (592 pages)

MiCOM P40 Agile Transformer Protection IED

Brand: GE | Category: Relays | Size: 19.71 MB

Table of Contents
3
Chapter 1 Introduction

25
- Rear Serial Port
  26
- Figure 137: TCS Scheme
  26
Chapter Overview

27
- Cip
  27
Foreword

28
- Target Audience
  28
- Typographical Conventions
  28
- Cip
  28
- Nomenclature
  29
- Cip
  29
Product Scope

30
- Product Versions
  30
- Cip
  30
- Ordering Options
  31
- Figure 1: P64X Version Evolution
  31
Features and Functions

32
- Protection Functions
  32
- Control Functions
  32
- Measurement Functions
  33
- Communication Functions
  33
Compliance

34
Functional Overview

35
- Figure 2: Functional Overview
  35
Chapter 2 Safety Information

37
Chapter Overview

39
Health and Safety

40
Symbols

41
Installation, Commissioning and Servicing

42
- Lifting Hazards
  42
- Electrical Hazards
  42
- UL/CSA/CUL Requirements
  43
- Fusing Requirements
  43
- Equipment Connections
  44
- Protection Class 1 Equipment Requirements
  44
- Pre-Energisation Checklist
  45
- Peripheral Circuitry
  45
- Upgrading/Servicing
  46
Decommissioning and Disposal

47
Standards Compliance

48
- EMC Compliance: 2004/108/EC
  48
- Product Safety: 2006/95/EC
  48
- R&TTE Compliance
  48
- UL/CUL Compliance
  48
- ATEX Compliance
  48
Chapter 3 Hardware Design

51
Chapter Overview

53
Hardware Architecture

54
- Figure 3: Hardware Architecture
  54
Mechanical Implementation

55
- Housing Variants
  55
- Figure 4: Exploded View of IED
  55
- List of Boards
  56
Front Panel

58
- Front Panel Compartments
  58
- Figure 5: Front Panel (60TE)
  58
- HMI Panel
  59
- Front Serial Port (SK1)
  59
- Figure 6: HMI Panel
  59
- Front Parallel Port (SK2)
  60
- Fixed Function Leds
  60
- Function Keys
  60
- Programable Leds
  61
Rear Panel

62
- Figure 7: Rear View of Populated Case
  62
- Figure 8: Terminal Block Types
  63
Boards and Modules

64
- Pcbs
  64
- Subassemblies
  64
- Figure 9: Rear Connection to Terminal Block
  64
- Main Processor Board
  65
- Figure 10: Main Processor Board
  65
- Power Supply Board
  66
- Figure 11: Power Supply Board
  66
- Figure 12: Power Supply Assembly
  67
- Watchdog
  68
- Figure 13: Power Supply Terminals
  68
- Rear Serial Port
  69
- Figure 14: Watchdog Contact Terminals
  69
- Input Module - 1 Transformer Board
  70
- Figure 15: Rear Serial Port Terminals
  70
- Figure 16: Input Module - 1 Transformer Board
  70
- Input Module Circuit Description
  71
- Figure 17: Input Module Schematic
  71
- Frequency Response
  72
- Figure 18: Frequency Response
  72
- Transformer Board
  73
- Figure 19: Transformer Board
  73
- Input Board
  74
- Figure 20: Input Board
  74
- Standard Output Relay Board
  75
- Figure 21: Standard Output Relay Board - 8 Contacts
  75
- IRIG-B Board
  76
- Figure 22: IRIG-B Board
  76
- Fibre Optic Board
  77
- Figure 23: Fibre Optic Board
  77
- Rear Communication Board
  78
- Ethernet Board
  78
- Figure 24: Rear Communication Board
  78
- Figure 25: Ethernet Board
  78
- Redundant Ethernet Board
  80
- Figure 26: Redundant Ethernet Board
  80
- RTD Board
  82
- Figure 27: RTD Board
  82
- CLIO Board
  83
- Figure 28: RTD Board
  83
- High Break Output Relay Board
  85
- Figure 29: High Break Relay Output Board
  85
- Figure 30: High Break Contact Operation
  86
Chapter 4 Software Design

87
Chapter Overview

89
Sofware Design Overview

90
- Figure 31: Software Architecture
  90
System Level Software

91
- Real Time Operating System
  91
- System Services Software
  91
- Self-Diagnostic Software
  91
- Startup Self-Testing
  91
- System Boot
  91
- System Level Software Initialisation
  92
- Platform Software Initialisation and Monitoring
  92
- Continuous Self-Testing
  92
Platform Software

94
- Record Logging
  94
- Settings Database
  94
- Interfaces
  94
Protection and Control Functions

95
- Acquisition of Samples
  95
- Frequency Tracking
  95
- Direct Use of Sample Values
  95
- Fourier Signal Processing
  95
- Programmable Scheme Logic
  96
- Figure 32: Frequency Response (Indicative Only)
  96
- Event Recording
  97
- Disturbance Recorder
  97
- Fault Locator
  97
- Function Key Interface
  97
Chapter 5 Configuration

99
Chapter Overview

101
Using the HMI Panel

102
- Navigating the HMI Panel
  103
- Getting Started
  103
- Figure 33: Navigating the HMI
  103
- Default Display
  104
- Default Display Navigation
  105
- Figure 34: Default Display Navigation
  105
- Password Entry
  106
- Processing Alarms and Records
  106
- Menu Structure
  107
- Changing the Settings
  108
- Direct Access (the Hotkey Menu)
  109
- Setting Group Selection Using Hotkeys
  109
- Control Inputs
  109
- Function Keys
  110
Configuring the Data Protocols

112
- Courier Configuration
  112
- DNP3 Configuration
  113
- DNP3 Configurator
  114
- MODBUS Configuration
  116
- IEC 61850 Configuration
  117
- IEC 61850 Configuration Banks
  118
- IEC 61850 Network Connectivity
  118
Date and Time Configuration

119
- Time Zone Compensation
  119
- Daylight Saving Time Compensation
  119
Phase Rotation

120
- CT and VT Reversal
  120
Chapter 6 Transformer Differential Protection

121
Chapter Overview

123
Transformer Differential Protection Principles

124
Implementation

131
- Defining the Power Transformer
  131
- Selecting the Current Inputs
  131
- Phase Correction
  132
- Ratio Correction
  132
- CT Parameter Mismatch
  133
- Figure 40: CT Parameter Mismatch Logic Diagram
  133
- Setting up Zero Sequence Filtering
  134
- Tripping Characteristics
  134
- High-Set Function
  135
- Circuitry Fail Alarm
  135
- Figure 41: Transformer Biased Tripping Characteristic
  135
- Tripping Characteristic Stability
  136
- Maximum Bias
  136
- Delayed Bias
  136
- Transient Bias
  136
- CT Saturation Technique
  137
- No Gap Detection Technique
  137
- External Fault Detection Technique
  137
- Figure 42: Transient Bias Characteristic
  137
- Current Transformer Supervision
  138
- Figure 43: Time to Saturation - External an Fault
  138
- Circuitry Fail Alarm
  139
- Figure 44: Effect of CTS Restrain
  139
- Figure 45: Bias Characteristic with Circuitry Fail Alarm
  139
- Differential Biased Trip Logic
  140
- Figure 46: Differential Biased Trip Logic
  140
Harmonic Blocking

141
Application Notes

145
Chapter 7 Transformer Condition Monitoring

165
Chapter Overview

167
Thermal Overload Protection

168
- Thermal Overload Implementation
  168
- Figure 62: Transformer Losses
  168
- Thermal Overload Bias Current
  169
- The Thermal Model
  170
- Top Oil Temperature Caculations
  170
- Hotspot Caculations
  170
- Thermal State Measurement
  171
- Application Notes
  171
- Alstom Recommendations
  171
- IEEE Recommendations
  171
- Data Provided by Transformer Manufacturers
  172
Loss of Life Statistics

174
- Loss of Life Implementation
  174
- Loss of Life Calculations
  174
- Application Notes
  176
- LOL Setting Guidelines
  176
- Example
  176
Through Fault Monitoring

178
RTD Protection

181
- RTD Protection Implementation
  181
- Figure 65: Connection for RTD Thermal Probes
  181
- RTD Logic
  182
- Application Notes
  182
- Setting Guidelines for RTD Protection
  182
- Figure 66: RTD Logic
  182
CLIO Protection

183
- Current Loop Input Implementation
  183
- Figure 67: Current Loop Input Ranges
  184
- Current Loop Input Logic
  185
- CLO Implementation
  185
- Figure 68: Current Loop Input Logic
  185
- Figure 69: Current Loop Output Ranges
  186
- Application Notes
  187
- CLI Setting Guidelines
  187
- CLO Setting Guidelines
  187
Chapter 8 Restricted Earth Fault Protection

189
Chapter Overview

191
REF Protection Principles

192
Restricted Earth Fault Protection Implementation

197
- Enabling REF Protection
  197
- Selecting the Current Inputs
  197
- Low Impedance REF
  198
- Setting the Bias Characteristic
  198
- Figure 78: REF Bias Characteristic
  198
- Delayed Bias
  199
- Transient Bias
  199
- Restricted Earth Fault Logic
  199
- High Impedance REF
  199
- Figure 79: Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Logic
  199
- High Impedance REF Calculation Principles
  200
Second Harmonic Blocking

201
- REF 2Nd Harmonic Blocking Logic
  201
- Figure 80: REF 2Nd Harmonic Blocking Logic
  201
Application Notes

202
Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions

215
Chapter Overview

217
Overcurrent Protection Principles

218
- IDMT Characteristics
  218
- IEC 60255 IDMT Curves
  219
- European Standards
  220
- Figure 91: IEC 60255 IDMT Curves
  220
- North American Standards
  222
- Differences between the North American and European Standards
  223
- Principles of Implementation
  223
- Figure 92: Principle of Protection Function Implementation
  223
- Timer Hold Facility
  224
- Magnetising Inrush Restraint
  224
- Figure 93: Magnetising Inrush Phenomenon
  225
Phase Overcurrent Protection

226
Voltage Dependent Overcurrent Element

234
Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection

236
Earth Fault Protection

240
Second Harmonic Blocking

246
Chapter 10 CB Fail Protection

249
Chapter Overview

251
Circuit Breaker Fail Protection

252
Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation

253
- Circuit Breaker Fail Timers
  253
- Zero Crossing Detection
  254
Circuit Breaker Fail Logic

255
- Figure 107: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part 1
  255
- Figure 108: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part 2
  256
Application Notes

257
Chapter 11 Voltage Protection Functions

259
Chapter Overview

261
Undervoltage Protection

262
Overvoltage Protection

265
Residual Overvoltage Protection

268
Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection

272
Chapter 12 Frequency Protection Functions

275
Chapter Overview

277
Overfluxing Protection

278
Frequency Protection

283
- Underfrequency Protection
  283
- Underfrequency Protection Implementation
  283
- Underfrequency Protection Logic
  283
- Figure 122: Underfrequency Logic (Single Stage)
  283
- Application Notes
  284
- Overfrequency Protection
  284
- Overfrequency Protection Implementation
  284
- Overfrequency Protection Logic
  284
- Figure 123: Overfrequency Logic (Single Stage)
  284
- Application Notes
  285
Chapter 13 Monitoring and Control

287
Chapter Overview

289
Event Records

290
- Event Types
  290
- Opto-Input Events
  291
- Contact Events
  291
- Alarm Events
  291
- Fault Record Events
  295
- Maintenance Events
  295
- Figure 124: Fault Recorder Stop Conditions
  295
- Protection Events
  296
- Security Events
  296
- Platform Events
  296
Disturbance Recorder

297
Measurements

298
- Measured Quantities
  298
- Measured and Calculated Currents
  298
- Measured and Calculated Voltages
  298
- Power and Energy Quantities
  298
- Demand Values
  299
- Other Measurements
  299
- Measurement Setup
  299
- Opto-Input Time Stamping
  299
Current Input Exclusion Function

300
Pole Dead Function

302
- Pole Dead Function Implementation
  302
- Pole Dead Logic
  303
- Figure 128: Pole Dead Logic - P642
  303
- CB Status Indication
  304
- Figure 129: Pole Dead Logic - P643 and P645
  304
- Figure 130: Forcing CB Closed Signals
  305
Chapter 14 Supervision

307
Chapter Overview

309
Voltage Transformer Supervision

310
Current Transformer Supervision

315
- CTS Implementation
  315
- Figure 133: CTS Restraint Region Increase
  315
- CTS Logic
  316
- Figure 134: CTS Logic Diagram
  316
- Application Notes
  317
- Setting Guidelines
  317
Trip Circuit Supervision

318
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme
  318
- Resistor Values
  318
- Figure 135: TCS Scheme 1
  318
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 1
  319
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme
  319
- Figure 136: PSL for TCS Scheme 1
  319
- Resistor Values
  320
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 2
  320
- Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme
  320
- Figure 138: PSL for TCS Scheme 2
  320
- Figure 139: TCS Scheme 3
  320
- Resistor Values
  321
- Psl for Tcs Scheme 3
  321
- Figure 140: PSL for TCS Scheme 3
  321
Chapter 15 Digital I/O and PSL Configuration

323
Chapter Overview

325
Configuring Digital Inputs and Outputs

326
Scheme Logic

327
- Figure 141: Scheme Logic Interfaces
  327
- PSL Editor
  328
- PSL Schemes
  328
- PSL Scheme Version Control
  328
Configuring the Opto-Inputs

329
Assigning the Output Relays

330
Fixed Function Leds

331
- Trip LED Logic
  331
- Figure 142: Trip LED Logic
  331
Configuring Programmable Leds

332
Function Keys

334
Control Inputs

335
Chapter 16 Communications

337
Chapter Overview

339
Communication Interfaces

340
Serial Communication

341
- EIA(RS)232 Bus
  341
- EIA(RS)485 Bus
  341
- EIA(RS)485 Biasing Requirements
  342
- K-Bus
  342
- Figure 143: RS485 Biasing Circuit
  342
- Figure 144: Remote Communication Using K-Bus
  343
Standard Ethernet Communication

344
- Hot-Standby Ethernet Failover
  344
Redundant Ethernet Communication

345
Data Protocols

353
- Courier
  353
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
  353
- Courier Database
  354
- Settings Categories
  354
- Setting Changes
  354
- Event Extraction
  354
- Disturbance Record Extraction
  356
- Programmable Scheme Logic Settings
  356
- Time Synchronisation
  356
- Courier Configuration
  357
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
  358
- Iec 60870-5-103
  358
- Initialisation
  359
- Time Synchronisation
  359
- Spontaneous Events
  359
- General Interrogation (GI)
  359
- Cyclic Measurements
  359
- Commands
  359
- Test Mode
  360
- Disturbance Records
  360
- Command/Monitor Blocking
  360
- IEC 60870-5-103 Configuration
  360
- Dnp
  361
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
  362
- Object 1 Binary Inputs
  362
- Object 10 Binary Outputs
  362
- Object 20 Binary Counters
  363
- Object 30 Analogue Input
  363
- Figure 154: Control Input Behaviour
  363
- Object 40 Analogue Output
  364
- Object 50 Time Synchronisation
  364
- DNP3 Device Profile
  364
- DNP3 Configuration
  372
- Modbus
  373
- Physical Connection and Link Layer
  374
- MODBUS Functions
  374
- Response Codes
  374
- Register Mapping
  375
- Event Extraction
  375
- Disturbance Record Extraction
  376
- Figure 155: Manual Selection of a Disturbance Record
  379
- Figure 156: Automatic Selection of Disturbance Record - Method 1
  380
- Figure 157: Automatic Selection of Disturbance Record - Method 2
  381
- Figure 158: Configuration File Extraction
  382
- Figure 159: Data File Extraction
  383
- Setting Changes
  384
- Password Protection
  384
- Protection and Disturbance Recorder Settings
  384
- Time Synchronisation
  385
- Power and Energy Measurement Data Formats
  386
- MODBUS Configuration
  387
- Iec 61850
  388
- Benefits of IEC 61850
  388
- IEC 61850 Interoperability
  389
- The IEC 61850 Data Model
  389
- Figure 160: Data Model Layers in IEC61850
  389
- IEC 61850 in Micom Ieds
  390
- IEC 61850 Data Model Implementation
  390
- IEC 61850 Communication Services Implementation
  390
- IEC 61850 Peer-To-Peer (GOOSE) Communications
  391
- Mapping GOOSE Messages to Virtual Inputs
  391
- Ethernet Functionality
  391
- IEC 61850 Configuration
  391
Read Only Mode

393
- Courier Protocol Blocking
  393
- IEC 61850 Protocol Blocking
  394
- Read-Only Settings
  394
- Read-Only DDB Signals
  394
Time Synchronisation

395
- Demodulated IRIG-B
  395
- IRIG-B Implementation
  395
- Figure 161: GPS Satellite Timing Signal
  395
- Sntp
  396
- Time Synchronsiation Using the Communication Protocols
  396
Chapter 17 Cyber-Security

397
Overview

399
The Need for Cyber-Security

400
Standards

401
- NERC Compliance
  401
- Cip 002
  402
- Cip 007
  403
- Ieee 1686-2007
  403
Cyber-Security Implementation

405
- NERC-Compliant Display
  405
- Four-Level Access
  406
- Figure 162: Default Display Navigation
  406
- Blank Passwords
  407
- Password Rules
  407
- Access Level Ddbs
  408
- Enhanced Password Security
  408
- Password Strengthening
  408
- Password Validation
  408
- Password Blocking
  409
- Password Recovery
  410
- Password Encryption
  411
- Disabling Physical Ports
  411
- Disabling Logical Ports
  411
- Security Events Management
  412
- Logging out
  414
Chapter 18 Installation

415
Chapter Overview

417
Handling the Goods

418
- Receipt of the Goods
  418
- Unpacking the Goods
  418
- Storing the Goods
  418
- Dismantling the Goods
  418
Mounting the Device

419
- Flush Panel Mounting
  419
- Figure 163: Location of Battery Isolation Strip
  419
- Rack Mounting
  420
- Figure 164: Rack Mounting of Products
  420
Cables and Connectors

422
- Terminal Blocks
  422
- Figure 165: Terminal Block Types
  422
- Power Supply Connections
  423
- Earth Connnection
  423
- Current Transformers
  423
- Voltage Transformer Connections
  424
- Watchdog Connections
  424
- EIA(RS)485 and K-Bus Connections
  424
- IRIG-B Connection
  424
- Opto-Input Connections
  424
- Output Relay Connections
  424
- Ethernet Metallic Connections
  425
- Ethernet Fibre Connections
  425
- RS232 Connection
  425
- Download/Monitor Port
  425
- GPS Fibre Connection
  425
- Fibre Communication Connections
  425
- RTD Connections
  426
- CLIO Connections
  427
Case Dimensions

428
- Case Dimensions 40TE
  428
- Figure 166: 40TE Case Dimensions
  428
- Case Dimensions 60TE
  429
- Figure 167: 60TE Case Dimensions
  429
- Case Dimensions 80TE
  430
- Figure 168: 80TE Case Dimensions
  430
Chapter 19 Commissioning Instructions

431
Chapter Overview

433
General Guidelines

434
Commissioning Test Menu

435
- Opto I/P Status Cell (Opto-Input Status)
  435
- Relay O/P Status Cell (Relay Output Status)
  435
- Test Mode Cell
  435
- Test Pattern Cell
  436
- Contact Test Cell
  436
- Test Leds Cell
  436
- Red and Green LED Status Cells
  436
- PSL Verificiation
  436
- Test Port Status Cell
  436
- Monitor Bit 1 to 8 Cells
  436
- Using a Monitor Port Test Box
  437
Commissioning Equipment

438
Product Checks

440
- Product Checks with the IED De-Energised
  440
- Visual Inspection
  441
- Current Transformer Shorting Contacts
  441
- Insulation
  441
- External Wiring
  441
- Watchdog Contacts
  442
- Power Supply
  442
- Product Checks with the IED Energised
  442
- Test LCD
  443
- Date and Time
  443
- Test Leds
  444
- Test Alarm and Out-Of-Service Leds
  444
- Test Trip LED
  444
- Test User-Programmable Leds
  444
- Test Opto-Inputs
  444
- Test Output Relays
  444
- RTD Inputs
  445
- Current Loop Outputs
  445
- Current Loop Inputs
  445
- Test Serial Communication Port RP1
  446
- Figure 169: RP1 Physical Connection
  446
- Test Serial Communication Port RP2
  447
- Figure 170: Remote Communication Using K-Bus
  447
- Test Ethernet Communication
  448
- Secondary Injection Tests
  448
- Test Current Inputs
  448
- Test Voltage Inputs
  449
Setting Checks

450
Checking the Differential Element

452
Protection Timing Checks

455
- Bypassing the All Pole Dead Blocking Condition
  455
- Overcurrent Check
  455
- Connecting the Test Circuit
  455
- Performing the Test
  455
- Check the Operating Time
  455
Onload Checks

457
- Confirm Current Connections
  457
- Confirm Voltage Connections
  457
- On-Load Directional Test
  458
Final Checks

459
Chapter 20 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

461
Chapter Overview

463
Maintenance

464
- Maintenance Checks
  464
- Alarms
  464
- Opto-Isolators
  464
- Output Relays
  464
- Measurement Accuracy
  464
- Replacing the Device
  465
- Repairing the Device
  466
- Removing the Front Panel
  466
- Figure 174: Possible Terminal Block Types
  466
- Replacing Pcbs
  467
- Replacing the Main Processor Board
  467
- Replacement of Communications Boards
  468
- Figure 175: Front Panel Assembly
  468
- Replacement of the Input Module
  469
- Replacement of the Power Supply Board
  469
- Replacement of the I/O Boards
  470
- Recalibration
  470
- Changing the Battery
  470
- Post Modification Tests
  471
- Battery Disposal
  471
- Cleaning
  471
Troubleshooting

472
- Self-Diagnostic Software
  472
- Power-Up Errors
  472
- Error Message or Code on Power-Up
  472
- Out of Service LED on at Power-Up
  473
- Error Code During Operation
  474
- Backup Battery
  474
- Mal-Operation During Testing
  474
- Failure of Output Contacts
  474
- Failure of Opto-Inputs
  474
- Incorrect Analogue Signals
  475
- PSL Editor Troubleshooting
  475
- Diagram Reconstruction
  475
- PSL Version Check
  475
Repair and Modification Procedure

476
Chapter 21 Technical Specifications

477
Chapter Overview

479
Interfaces

480
- Front Serial Port
  480
- Download/Monitor Port
  480
- Rear Serial Port
  480
- Fibre Rear Serial Port
  480
- IRIG-B (Demodulated)
  481
- IRIG-B (Modulated)
  481
- Rear Ethernet Port Copper
  481
- Rear Serial Port 2
  481
- Rear Ethernet Port Fibre
  482
- 100 Base Fx Receiver Characteristics
  482
- 100 Base Fx Transmitter Characteristics
  482
Performance of Transformer Differential Protection and Monitoring Functions

483
- Transformer Differential Protection
  483
- Matching Factors
  483
- Circuitry Fault Alarm
  483
- Through Fault Monitoring
  484
- Thermal Overload
  484
- Low Impedance Restricted Earth Fault
  484
- High Impedance Restricted Earth Fault
  484
Performance of Current Protection Functions

485
Performance of Voltage Protection Functions

488
Performance of Frequency Protection Functions

489
- Overfrequency Protection
  489
- Underfrequency Protection
  489
- Overfluxing Protection
  489
Performance of Monitoring and Control Functions

490
- Voltage Transformer Supervision
  490
- Current Transformer Supervision
  490
- Pole Dead Protection
  490
- PSL Timers
  491
Measurements and Recording

492
- General
  492
- Disturbance Records
  492
- Event, Fault and Maintenance Records
  492
- Current Loop Inputs/Outputs
  492
Standards Compliance

494
- EMC Compliance: 2004/108/EC
  494
- Product Safety: 2006/95/EC
  494
- R&TTE Compliance
  494
- UL/CUL Compliance
  494
- ATEX Compliance
  494
- IDMT Standards
  495
Mechanical Specifications

496
- Physical Parameters
  496
- Enclosure Protection
  496
- Mechanical Robustness
  496
- Transit Packaging Performance
  496
Ratings

497
- AC Measuring Inputs
  497
- Current Transformer Inputs
  497
- Voltage Transformer Inputs
  497
Power Supply

498
- Auxiliary Supply Voltage
  498
- Nominal Burden
  498
- Power Supply Interruption
  498
- Battery Backup
  499
Input / Output Connections

500
- Isolated Digital Inputs
  500
- Nominal Pickup and Reset Thresholds
  500
- Standard Output Contacts
  500
- High Break Output Contacts
  501
- Watchdog Contacts
  501
Environmental Conditions

502
- Ambient Temperature Range
  502
- Temperature Endurance Test
  502
- Ambient Humidity Range
  502
- Corrosive Environments
  502
Type Tests

503
- Insulation
  503
- Creepage Distances and Clearances
  503
- High Voltage (Dielectric) Withstand
  503
- Impulse Voltage Withstand Test
  503
Electromagnetic Compatibility

504
Appendix A Ordering Options

507
Appendix B Settings and Signals

509
Appendix C Wiring Diagrams

515

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Refrigerator Ranges

Microwave Oven

Air Conditioner

Dishwasher

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GE P645 Manuals

GE P645 Technical Manual (592 pages)

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter Overview

Foreword

Product Scope

Features and Functions

Compliance

Functional Overview

Chapter 2 Safety Information

Chapter Overview

Health and Safety

Symbols

Installation, Commissioning and Servicing

Decommissioning and Disposal

Standards Compliance

Chapter 3 Hardware Design

Chapter Overview

Hardware Architecture

Mechanical Implementation

Front Panel

Rear Panel

Boards and Modules

Chapter 4 Software Design

Chapter Overview

Sofware Design Overview

System Level Software

Platform Software

Protection and Control Functions

Chapter 5 Configuration

Chapter Overview

Using the HMI Panel

Configuring the Data Protocols

Date and Time Configuration

Phase Rotation

Chapter 6 Transformer Differential Protection

Chapter Overview

Transformer Differential Protection Principles

Implementation

Harmonic Blocking

Application Notes

Chapter 7 Transformer Condition Monitoring

Chapter Overview

Thermal Overload Protection

Loss of Life Statistics

Through Fault Monitoring

RTD Protection

CLIO Protection

Chapter 8 Restricted Earth Fault Protection

Chapter Overview

REF Protection Principles

Restricted Earth Fault Protection Implementation

Second Harmonic Blocking

Application Notes

Chapter 9 Current Protection Functions

Chapter Overview

Overcurrent Protection Principles

Phase Overcurrent Protection

Voltage Dependent Overcurrent Element

Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection

Earth Fault Protection

Second Harmonic Blocking

Chapter 10 CB Fail Protection

Chapter Overview

Circuit Breaker Fail Protection

Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation

Circuit Breaker Fail Logic

Application Notes

Chapter 11 Voltage Protection Functions

Chapter Overview

Undervoltage Protection

Overvoltage Protection

Residual Overvoltage Protection

Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection

Chapter 12 Frequency Protection Functions

Chapter Overview

Overfluxing Protection

Frequency Protection

Chapter 13 Monitoring and Control