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Ramsey Electronics FZ-146 User Manual

Ramsey fx series 2 meter amateur pll synthesized fm transceiver 140-180
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2 METER AMATEUR PLL
SYNTHESIZED FM
TRANSCEIVER 140 - 180
Ramsey Electronics Model No.
?
Synthesized - no crystals to buy !
?
Perky 5 watt RF output
?
Dual conversion sensitive receiver with crystal and ceramic IF filters
?
PACKET ready ! Dedicated packet interface connector on back!
?
12 Channels, expandable to as many as you want - programmed with
diodes !
?
Easy 4 evening assembly - need only a voltmeter and another rig for
testing
?
Fantastic manual teaches as you build, rig is assembled in bite-sized
sections that are tested as you build - your kit will work first time !
?
Rig operates over 20 MHz of band, great for snooping out of band !
Published in Three Sections:
?
FX-series General Reference Information
?
Kit Assembly Phase I: Circuit Stages A through F
?
Kit Assembly Phase II: Circuit Stages G through TX
Plus:
?
Fold-out Schematic Diagram
FX-146
FX-146
•
1

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  • Page 1: Kit Assembly: Phase

    2 METER AMATEUR PLL SYNTHESIZED FM TRANSCEIVER 140 - 180 Ramsey Electronics Model No. FX-146 Synthesized - no crystals to buy ! Perky 5 watt RF output Dual conversion sensitive receiver with crystal and ceramic IF filters PACKET ready ! Dedicated packet interface connector on back!
  • Page 2 Ramsey Publication No. M146FX First Printing: December, 1991 Copyright 1991,1994 by Ramsey Electronics, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Revision number 2.0 Published by Ramsey Electronics, Inc. Printed in the United States of America RAMSEY ELECTRONICS, INC. Amateur Radio and Hobby Kits Dept.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Troubleshooting Guide ............... 46 Note on Replacement Parts ............48 FX-146 Master Component Index ..........49 RAMSEY ELECTRONICS FX Kit Warranty Terms ......62 KIT ASSEMBLY: PHASE 1 Assembly and Explanation of Circuit Stages A through F (including Kit Parts List, kit-building tips and preliminary receiver & VCO test) ..................63 - 98...

  • Page 4: Notice Regarding Fx-146 Frequency Coverage

    FCC regulations ENFORCE severe penalties for unlicensed operation of radio transmitting equipment and for interference with other communications services, whether malicious or accidental. Ramsey Electronics, Inc. sells the FX-146 transceiver solely for correctly-licensed operation. It is the sole responsibility of builders and operators of this RF electronics device, capable of emissions controlled by FCC Rules, to understand and comply with those rules.

  • Page 5: Fx-146 Technical Specifications

    output by spreading the coils.) SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE RAMSEY FX-146 *Common faults: General: Frequency Range: Any 20 MHz segment between 140 and 180 Low supply voltage. Improper tuning. Tuning: Diode-programmable PLL synthesis 12 front Improper output power measurement. panel selected frequency pairs, easily expandable by switches, microprocessors, Receive Section Faults: computers, etc.

  • Page 6: Introduction To Transceiver Kit Assembly

    Some coincidence! Now we can guess that our fault is between the # 2 position trace and the input to U6.) For the 1990's, Ramsey Electronics has adopted a "Learn As You Build" d. Some channels are off frequency by different amounts. (Refer to philosophy for ALL our electronics kits.
  • Page 7 help after all. parts as a finished product! For a minimal investment of your time as well as your well-earned money, you will have a VHF FM voice-data transceiver that VCO & PLL Faults: you will truly own. Real "owning" ultimately means knowing how to maintain (manual pages ref.

  • Page 8: A Message To Ham Radio Beginners

    A MESSAGE TO HAM RADIO BEGINNERS: FX-146 TECHNICIAN’S NOTES If you have just earned your Novice or Technician license, or are studying for Throughout production of the “FX” series transceivers, the technicians here either of them right now, we'd like to say a special Thank You for choosing at Ramsey have been speaking with customers, making repairs, this Ramsey VHF/UHF transceiver as part of your ham radio beginnings.

  • Page 9: Dc Power Supply Considerations

    good 50 ohm load. Keep these key-down tests as brief as possible. DC POWER SUPPLY CONSIDERATIONS : ? TX52. If you are observing at least 4 watts of RF output, transmitter Your Ramsey FM Transceiver is designed to operate from any stable DC tuneup is completed.

  • Page 10: Enclosure And Hardware Considerations

    ? TX50. Connect the following to your transceiver: Are we trying to discourage you? No, not really! We know you can see that there are good reasons to consider calling Ramsey Electronics and getting 50-ohm dummy load your CFX case on its way while you work on the PC-board and PLL VHF RF wattmeter or voltmeter connected to R115, the stand up Programming.
  • Page 11 main PC board. Quantity RS Part No. Description 1992 Price ($) 270-272/74 Deluxe Project Enclosure 8.79 or 10.79 #4-40 nuts 1 set 274-section Pkg. of 3 or 4 knobs 2.00-3.00 Spacer nut #4-40 Screw 1 set 270-201 Rub-on project labels 2.99 2 sets 276-195...

  • Page 12: Ramsey Cfx Transceiver Enclosure Kit

    THE RAMSEY CFX TRANSCEIVER ENCLOSURE KIT: the lead preventing a good solder connection, you may wish to slightly scrape away this coating on some parts. The CFX Kit is very obviously a fair value and solid investment for the long ? TX35.
  • Page 13 ? TX26: C58, the last .1 uf capacitor. resoldered after passing through the grommet. Snap in the locking section of the relief grommet only AFTER both the red and black wires ? TX27: C59, .001 uf. are in place. ? TX28: L13, 1.5 turn hand-wound coil. Review "TC" and TX16. ? 4.

  • Page 14: Guide To Pc-Board I/O Connections

    GUIDE TO PC BOARD I/O CONNECTIONS: 8. While speaking in the microphone, adjust modulation level (R46) for the best sounding speech. "Best" is not necessarily the maximum: see the In addition to primary interconnections required for jacks and controls, etc., following note.
  • Page 15 However, DO NOT INSTALL L9, R32 or L10 UNTIL AFTER ALIGNMENT 1. PRIMARY CONNECTIONS: HAS BEEN COMPLETED. Whether you test now or later depends on PWR (near L20): +12-15 volts DC from S1. how anxious you are to see (and hear) the results of all your hard work. GROUND: - DC from battery or power supply.

  • Page 16: Microphone & Speaker Information

    MICROPHONE & SPEAKER INFORMATION B. Unpack and study the design of the chip, noting both ends are metallic. C. Lightly pre-tin both PC board points. The FX transceivers with the hardware supplied are designed to accept D. Holding C75 in place across the two tinned points with tweezers, gently standard ICOM or ICOM-compatible speaker-mikes such as MFJ-284.

  • Page 17: Vhf Packet Data Operation

    IMPORTANT: VHF PACKET DATA OPERATION DO NOT install any parts near Q8 until after Q8 has been installed in accord with the explicit directions in Step TX2. If you fail to observe this caution, it Your FM transceiver was planned and designed to accommodate easy and will be virtually impossible to perform the installation of Q8 correctly.

  • Page 18: Fx-Series Transceiver Block Diagram

    RAMSEY FX-SERIES FM TRANSCEIVER Stage TX: Transmitter Buffer, Driver and Final (With emphasis on the PLL and VCO) The transmitter section, Q10, Q9 and Q8, is conventional VHF RF circuitry that has proven quite reliable in Ramsey transceivers. Just a few circuit notes are in order.

  • Page 19: Fx-146 Circuit Overview

    Stage TX: Transmitter, Buffer and Final Amplifier FX-146 CIRCUIT OVERVIEW The FX-146 VHF FM Transceiver circuit theory is explained in progressive stages and in some detail as part of our "Learn As You Build" approach to electronic kits. Builders are encouraged to study and learn about a stage or section, build it and then test it before going to the next stage.
  • Page 20 6. Press the microphone button: the TX LED should light, and the receiver should be silenced. 2.5 TURN 1.5 TURN 7. Touch a wire from ground to pin 3 of the Packet I/O jack. Do the same with any resistor that is 47K or lower. Either way, you should get the same results as in Step 6.
  • Page 21 background noise is audible. Stage CR: Integrated FM Receiver The MC13135 is a complete FM narrowband receiver from antenna input (pin 22) to audio output (pin 17). The low voltage dual conversion design results in low power drain, excellent sensitivity and good image rejection in narrowband voice and data link applications.
  • Page 22 connection as well as +DC, D6 is grounded through RF choke L17, which during transmit. prevents the antenna RF from being shorted to ground. ? M35: R107, near Y1, 10K (brown-black-orange). During Transmit, D7 passes RF from the transmitter to the antenna, and L17 ? M36: D22, near VR1, type 1N914 or 1N4148.
  • Page 23 ? M18. Install Q11, NPN transistor type 2N3904. Be sure to orient flat side thereby increasing available modulation voltage. as shown. The VCO requires a very pure source of well-filtered DC, free of AC hum, alternator whine or other disturbance. R19 and the 47 uf C40 form a basic ? M19.
  • Page 24 FREQ. BINARY PROGRAMMING VALUES assures that the otherwise-silent PTT circuitry is indeed functioning and obviously has nothing to do with the RF output of the transmitter. The PTT circuit may also be activated at pin 3 of the Packet I/O jack. A 0111 0000 1000...
  • Page 25 There are several methods for quickly finding the required binary code for a Stage M: Microphone Amplifier and PTT Circuit particular frequency and its "N" number: If you have studied all preceding circuit explanations, you have a good idea 1. Descending Subtraction (see Programming Worksheet) of what the Microphone and PTT circuitry is supposed to accomplish.
  • Page 26 Stage M: Microphone Amplifier and PTT Circuit If the receiver section is not working, going ahead with Stage M or Stage TX is very unlikely to fix the problem. Nor is there much point U4 is a LM324 quad op amp: two are used as a conventional microphone calling the Ramsey factory for a quick fix or "what do I check?"...

  • Page 27: Quick-Reference Programming Guide

    C60 until instructed to do so. Using the FX-series FM Transceiver Quick Reference Programming Adjustment Procedure: Guide: 1. Check PC board carefully for missed connections, wire trimmings or untrimmed wires bent down, etc. In addition to "pencil & paper math" calculation directions and also a handy computer BASIC program for programming the FX- series Transceiver for 2.
  • Page 28 Freq FX-146 Quick Program Reference (MHz) Standard 2 Meter band repeater pairs and selected frequencies 146.52 Program as follows: 162.55 1. Install diodes at 16K, 8K, 4K and NO diodes at 32K, 2K ,1K positions. 2. PLUS install diodes at 512 through 1 positions as needed per this Quick 145.01 Reference Chart.
  • Page 29 Frequency Programming and Channel Switch Preparation 145.49 29,098 Before completing the transmit functions of this VHF FM transceiver, we should now verify that the PLL Frequency Synthesizer gives performance as 146.61 29,322 desired and as designed. Regardless of whether you pursued the VCO/ receiving tests proposed as optional in the previous section, it is now time to 146.64 29,328...

  • Page 30: Fx-146 Programming Worksheet

    ? H41. Form one diode matrix "bridge" for the RECV row of holes. Using N = Frequency (KHz) ? 5 Freq = Receive frequency/Repeater output the heavier gauge bare wire in your kit, shape, insert and solder this wire bridge as illustrated. 145.01 29,002 145.03...
  • Page 31 ? H2: R69, 1K (brown-black-red). N = Freq in KHz divided by 5 KHz (or, Freq in MHz divided by .005) ? H3: R114, 1K (brown-black-red). Subtracting from N: Remainders & Doodles Position ? H4: R65, 1K (brown-black-red). Can you subtract 32768? 32768 ? H5: R67, 10K (brown-black-orange).

  • Page 32: Using Computer Basic As A Programming Aid

    through 1K programming positions. If an auxiliary split is needed or if you are Easy enough! Whenever you want a transmit offset that is higher than the not licensed to transmit in a band portion, do not install diodes in SIMP, receiver or repeater output frequency, simply find the the N number for the +RPT or -RPT positions.
  • Page 33 THE RX/TX OFFSET PROGRAMMING MATRIX Sample BASIC Program Listing Diode placement in this matrix follows the same binary number principles as 50 PRINT “Enter Receiver Frequency as 6 digits with NO decimal!” used for frequency programming. This matrix is connected to the 16 52 INPUT “For example: 146520.
  • Page 34 316 IF NK < 16 THEN NL = NK Even though there are 16 matrix positions to program, there are some 320 IF NL => 8 THEN MM = 1 shortcuts to make your job easier for normal ham band operation. Let's look 325 IF NL >...

  • Page 35: How To Activate An Auxiliary (Non-Standard) Offset

    we suggest in the strongest possible terms that you work at getting it clear 1 - 1 >> The Binary Equivalent of N looks like this: before doing any further work on your transceiver. ———————————————————- 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 >>>...

  • Page 36: Programming "Minus" Offsets

    PROGRAMMING THE 'MINUS' OFFSETS "N" for 146.52 MHz = 146520 ÷ 5 = 29,304 We showed the Plus offsets first to prepare you for the Minus offsets. The Subtracting from N: Remainders & Doodles Position offsets are entered into the FX synthesizer through the binary adders, U7- 10.
  • Page 37 Stage H: FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING: EXAMPLE 2: RECEIVER OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY Understanding and Building the Diode Matrix We know from previous circuit discussion that the PLL synthesizer must run The labeling of the 16 parallel programming inputs of U6 should have a 21.4 MHz lower when in receive mode.

  • Page 38: Fx-146 Programming Summary

    FX-146 PROGRAMMING SUMMARY Stage H: Frequency Programming, Understanding and Building your Diode Matrix Programming your FX-146 is really quite simple; all it takes is a clear mind, a scratch pad and a calculator. In closing, let's find the proper N value for a common NOAA weather channel, 162.55 MHz.
  • Page 39 FX-XCVR RIBBON CABLE 1N914/ ? G18a. Insert and solder U10 as in step G15a. SWITCH: 4. DON'T run switching cables PC BOARD 1N4148 SPST across the VCO and Transmit CONNECTION RF side of the PC board. Soldering the remaining pins for U7, U8, U9 and U10 may be done either as 5.

  • Page 40: Fx-Series Glossary Of Terms

    finish or review your work. FX-SERIES TRANSCEIVER GLOSSARY ? G1a. Insert the 28-pin DIP socket for U6 into its PC board position and The following is a deliberately INFORMAL collection of: slightly bend the 4 outermost pins to hold it in place. Technical terms useful to know in understanding your FX- transceiver ? G1b.
  • Page 41 R48 and C85 form yet another low pass filter to ensure that any 5 KHz CCW = see CW below. "whine" will not get into the VCO. Because the DC charge developed in C85 COR = "Carrier Operated Relay," a switching circuit activated by the (.1 uf) would slow down the PLL during major frequency swings, such as just detection of a carrier signal in a receiving circuit.
  • Page 42 Unlike simpler PLL IC's, U6's phase detector has TWO outputs at pins 7 and elements connected to RF ground, the horizontal elements are called a 8. These outputs go through very simple low pass filters (R44-C68, R53- "groundplane." C91) to cut back the 5 KHz whine sound of U6 at work. Op amp U5:A sums HIGH = In solid-state circuitry, to say a given device pin or circuit point is at a together the phase detector outputs and the output of U5:A is passed "logic high"...
  • Page 43 work together for channel programming. magic number (decimal) to understand in FX binary frequency programming. N = the frequency in KHz divided by 5 KHz. The Phase Detector (or "phase corrector") which compares the 5 NBFM = "Narrow-Band FM." NE- = prefix to transistors or IC's made by KHz Reference Frequency with the "intended"...
  • Page 44 ANY style of plug for either mic or speaker function, VCO will not tune in proper frequency range Ramsey Electronics has adopted the popular ICOM-compatible standard for the FX transceivers. Bad Reference Oscillator (IC, crystal, component?) SHIELD = The outer braid of audio or RF coaxial cable, or the aluminum Invalid "N"...
  • Page 45 amount of DC voltage applied to it. The higher the voltage, the lower the capacitance. See also VCO. VCO = "Voltage Controlled Oscillator," an oscillator whose frequency is varied by DC voltage applied to varactor diodes, which change capacitance in step with the voltage level. ZENER DIODE = a diode designed to have a very specific reverse breakdown voltage.

  • Page 46: Troubleshooting Guide

    FX- TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Stage G: The FX- Transceiver PLL Synthesizer The FX- transceiver is designed to W-O-R-K with a minimum of adjustment A reassuring feature of the FX Transceiver is that if you build it correctly and or alignment. By imprinting the location and correct orientation of each make just a few adjustments, it will work fine whether you understand how it component on the PC-board itself in addition to publishing detailed assembly works or not.
  • Page 47 Stage G: The PLL Synthesizer: Understanding and Assembly despite the detail of our explanations, be sure you set one channel up for 146.52 MHz Simplex before you pursue troubleshooting. It is very important to have a clear understanding of how to program the frequency synthesizer and offset matrixes of your transceiver.

  • Page 48: Note On Replacement Parts

    (5V), hookup wire, LED, controls, antenna connector, replacement 1-amp fuses. Stage "TC": Preparing Transmitter Coils, RF Chokes Order from RAMSEY ELECTRONICS: Most RF and VHF transistors, coils, crystals, PIN diodes, varactor Stage "TO": Other Transmitter Stage Preparation diodes, trimmers, filters and most IC chips.

  • Page 49: Fx-146 Master Component Index

    VCO AND RECEIVER TEST PROCEDURE: D11,D12 6.2 V Zener RS276-561 m 1. Make sure work area is tidied up and that the PC board has been 7808 ECG964, SK3630 or RE checked for stray scraps of wire, etc. 7805 RS276-1770 m 2.
  • Page 50 ? F18. Install C35, 100 pf disc capacitor (marked 100 or 101). C35 couples PLL Frequency Synthesizer the VCO buffer to the receiver IC. Diode Matrix, Frequency Programming Microphone Amplifier and PTT ? F19. Install C94, a 3.9 pf disc capacitor (marked 3.9). Transmit Coil and RF Choke Preparation ? F20.
  • Page 51 ? E20. Install R35, upright, 100K ohm (brown-black-yellow). R35 is [ ] [ ] .001 between positions for D5 and C62. [ ] [ ] 100 pF Steps E1-E20 are presented as a group primarily as a help in visualizing the location of the VCO on the PC board.
  • Page 52 Stage E: BASIC VCO ASSEMBLY [ ] [ ] In this Stage, we will assemble the basic VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) [ ] [ ] 56 pf circuit. Understanding the function of this stage is especially important for knowing how the FX transceiver works. [ ] [ ] TX30 ? E1.
  • Page 53 [ ] [ ] 10 pf TX10 VCO CIRCUIT SUMMARY: [ ] [ ] .001 The control voltage for the D3 and D23 varactor diodes is supplied through R47 and R25 by the output of U5:A in the PLL synthesizer circuit. [ ] [ ] 35 pf trimmer TX32...
  • Page 54 Stage E-F: The FX Transceiver VCO [ ] [ ] D7 BA482 PIN M34b See T-R switch theory The VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) provides basic frequency control for [ ] [ ] D8 1N914 or 1N4148 works with D10,C85: see PLL theory both transmit and receive modes.
  • Page 55 L: INDUCTORS (Coils, Transformers, Chokes): Stages E - F: Transceiver VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) and Buffer Stages [ ] [ ] L1 455 KHz CR23 FM quadrature adjust LB53303HK [ ] [ ] L2 .015 uH DR20 Q2 input bandpass filter [ ] [ ] L3 not used [ ] [ ] L4...
  • Page 56 [ ] [ ] Q5 2SC2498 NPN RF VCO common base buffer Install the following resistors, each in upright position: [ ] [ ] Q6 2N3904 NPN Carrier detect switch ? DR13: R16, 47K ohm (yellow-violet-orange). [ ] [ ] Q7 2SC2498 NPN RF ? DR14: R17, 470 ohm (yellow-violet -brown).
  • Page 57 [ ] [ ] R16 DR13 STAGE DR ASSEMBLY: [ ] [ ] R17 470 ohm DR14 Be very attentive to capacitor values (in picofarads) and to coil descriptions throughout this section. [ ] [ ] R18 270 ohm [ ] [ ] R19 E13b ? DR1.
  • Page 58 Stage DR: Antenna Input and RF Preamplifier [ ] [ ] R43 The operation of the FM receiver IC was discussed in Stage CR. The [ ] [ ] R44 purpose of the following circuitry is to minimize the strength of unwanted [ ] [ ] R45 82 ohm 1/2W TX23...
  • Page 59 Stage DR: Receiver Tuned RF Input and Preamp [ ] [ ] R71 100K H22-H40 U6 counter input pulldowns [ ] [ ] R72 " " " [ ] [ ] R73 " " " [ ] [ ] R74 “...
  • Page 60 FX SERIES TRANSCEIVER Simplified Receiver Block Diagram [ ] [ ] R103 [ ] [ ] R104 ANTENNA [ ] [ ] R105 100 ohm [ ] [ ] R106 [ ] [ ] R107 PASS FILTER [ ] [ ] R108 2 ohm [ ] [ ] R109 HIGH...
  • Page 61 frequency of the signal generator frequency plus 21.4 MHz. Because we S: SWITCHES TP: TEST POINTS have not yet constructed any of the input circuitry (Stage DR), you would also hear any signal on the signal generator frequency minus 21.4 MHz. [ ] [ ] S1 on R7 (volume) DC on-off...

  • Page 62: Ramsey Electronics Fx Kit Warranty Terms

    Connect the three wires to the printed circuit board as shown in the rarely, a sour component might slip through. All our kit parts carry the Ramsey Electronics Warranty that they are free from defects for a full (90) days from the date of purchase. Defective parts will be replaced at our diagram.

  • Page 63: Assembly And Explanation Of Circuit Stages A Through F (Including Kit Parts List, Kit-Building Tips And Preliminary Receiver & Vco Test)

    ? CR11. Install C8, .1 uf disc capacitor (marked .1 or 104). KIT ASSEMBLY PHASE 1: ? CR12. Install C13, .1 uf disc capacitor (marked .1 or 104). Stage A: DC Power Regulation & Distribution ? CR13. Install C14, 27 pf disc capacitor (marked 27). Plus Packet Data I/O Connector Stage B: Receiver Audio Amplifier ? CR14.
  • Page 64 FX-146 Transceiver Assembly Phase 1: Circuit stages A through E-F ADDITIONAL RECEIVER IC FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES In addition to audio output at pin 17, a separate high speed data output (up FX-146 MASTER PARTS LIST to 35000 baud) is available and may be linked directly to a packet TNC or other data controller using the jumper wire pad provided on the PC board.
  • Page 65 "DR" of this project. The purpose of the "DR" circuitry is to filter out or at CRYSTALS: ? 1 10.240 MHz, has 2 leads (Y2, PLL reference frequency) least diminish other signals while boosting signals in the 146 MHz region. ? 1 21.855 MHz, has 2 leads (Y1, receiver IF oscillator) 2.
  • Page 66 FM receiver circuit (C5,15,16,26,33,36,37,53,55,63,68,69,91,97,98,99) For years, Ramsey Electronics has employed a similar IC, the MC3359 as ? 8 .1 uf (may be marked .1 or 104) (C6,8,11,13,41,58,65,85) the heart of our popular FM receivers for the 10, 6, 2 and 1.25 Meter bands.
  • Page 67 STAGE CR: FM RECEIVER CIRCUIT CONTROLS, HARDWARE AND MISC.: ? 1 volume control potentiometer with switch (may be any value from 10K DUAL CONVERSION SUPERHET WITH IF FILTERS to 100K) (R7,S1) ? 1 10K squelch control potentiometer (R13) ? 1 12-position rotary switch (S2) ? 1 3.5 mm.
  • Page 68 VERY IMPORTANT PC BOARD ASSEMBLY INFORMATION FOR A-L-L Optional: OUR BUILDERS! To a test speaker, temporarily or to a speaker intended for regular use inside or along with your FX- Transceiver. 1. Your FX- transceiver PC board is double-clad with plated- through holes. ? B16.
  • Page 69 ? B3. Install R108, 2 ohm (red-black-gold). at the factory have tried to help by grouping similar or related parts in individual sealed bags. Sorting organizers popular among kit builders ? B4. Install C33, .01 uf disc capcitor (marked .01 or 103). include empty egg cartons, muffin tins, small box tops, or the corrugated edges of box cartons.
  • Page 70 21. Use the extra spaces provided throughout this manual to write down the Stage B: Receiver Audio Amplifier and Speaker Connection details of any changes or revisions noted on additional sheets that may be supplied with your kit. 22. You will be installing various wires for switches, controls and jacks very early in the assembly procedure.
  • Page 71 Stage B: Receiver Audio Amplifier STAGE A: DC POWER INPUT REGULATION & DISTRIBUTION and PACKET RADIO I/O CONNECTOR (J1) The secret to the fine performance of the LM380 audio amplifier lies in careful selection and physical positioning of the several external components The "power supply"...
  • Page 72 ? A13. Install C2, .001 uf disc capacitor. It may be marked .001 or 1 nf or STAGE A: DC POWER INPUT REGULATION & DISTRIBUTION and PACKET RADIO I/O CONNECTOR (J1) 102. (102 means a one, a zero and two zeros which equals: 1000 pf. 1000 pf is the same as .001 uf.
  • Page 73 ? A10. Study the PC board, locate the triangular set of 3 holes for VR2 Stage A: ASSEMBLY STEPS (type 7805), and insert VR2 so that the flat metal tab side is toward the ? A1. Strip 1/8" of insulation from the heavier-gauge black wire, insert and center of the board.

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