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BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual

Compressors and limiters
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BSS Audio
V 3.0
JMK
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the following European and
international Standards for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety:
Radiated Emissions (EU):
RF Immunity (EU):
Mains Disturbance (EU):
Electrical Safety (EU):
Radiated Emissions (USA):
Electrical Safety (USA):
Electrical Safety (CAN):
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
DO NOT REMOVE COVERS. NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE, REFER SERVICING
TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. THIS EQUIPMENT MUST BE EARTHED.
IT SHOULD NOT BE NECESSARY TO REMOVE ANY PROTECTIVE EARTH OR SIGNAL
CABLE SHIELD CONNECTIONS TO PREVENT GROUND LOOPS. ANY SUCH
DISCONNECTIONS ARE OUTSIDE THE RECOMMENDED PRACTISE OF BSS AUDIO
AND WILL RENDER ANY EMC OR SAFETY CERTIFICATION VOID.
For continued compliance with international EMC legislation ensure that all input and
output cables are wired with the cable screen connected to Pin 1 of the XLR connectors.
The input XLR Pin 1 is connected to the chassis via a low value capacitor, providing high
immunity from ground loops whilst ensuring good EMC performance.
We have written this manual with the aim of helping installers and sound engineers to get
to grips with the DPR-402 and obtain its maximum capability. If you are new to BSS
products, we recommend that you begin at the start of the manual.
We welcome any comments or questions regarding the DPR-402 or other BSS products,
and you may contact us at the address or World Wide Web site given in the warranty
section.
27th October 1997
DPR-402

User Manual

EN55013
EN50082/1
EN61000/3/2
EN60065
FCC part 15 Class B
UL813/ETL
UL813/ETLc
DPR-402 User Manual v3.0
(1990) Associated Equipment
(1992) RF Immunity, Fast Transients
ESD
(1995)
(1993)
(1996) Commercial Audio Equipment
(1996) Commercial Audio Equipment
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  • Page 1: User Manual

    We have written this manual with the aim of helping installers and sound engineers to get to grips with the DPR-402 and obtain its maximum capability. If you are new to BSS products, we recommend that you begin at the start of the manual.

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 Contents 1 Compressors and Limiters 1.1 The need for Gain Control 1.2 Compressors and Limiters 2 The effect of Compression on sound 2.1 Compression 2.2 Attack, Release and Ratio 3 De-essing and Peak Limiting...
  • Page 3 BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 13 Rear Barrier Strip 14 Operation and Applications 14.1 Compression 14.2 De-essing 14.3 De-essing Wide with Simultaneous Compression 14.4 De-ess Wide with Full Dynamic Control 14.5 De-ess HF with Full Dynamic Control 14.6 Peak Limiting 15 Applications using the Barrier Strip 15.1 Patching of External Equipment...

  • Page 4: Compressors And Limiters

    This device is called a compressor or limiter, and is one part of the DPR-402. Page 4...

  • Page 5: Compressors And Limiters

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 .2 Compressors and Limiters Compressors and limiters have closely related effects, and in general a limiter will reduce gain very strongly once a certain level has been reached, whereas a compressor will act gently, but over a much wider range of volume levels.

  • Page 6: Attack, Release And Ratio

    The range provided by the DPR-402 on its time controls is sufficient to allow its use either as a compressor or limiter, and the AUTO facility is scaled primarily for compression use.

  • Page 7: De-Essing And Peak Limiting

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 discussed, the operator would reach over and turn down the volume if signal levels were approaching distortion. At this point he now has an option: Either reduce the level so that there is nothing exceeding his desired maximum level, or reduce the...

  • Page 8: The Bss Dpr-402

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 It should be remembered that the DPR-402 is a peak limiter, designed to be used in conjunction with the main compressor section. If it is used exclusively on its own, then dynamic distortions will generally result on program signals having anything other than high frequency content.

  • Page 9: Earthing Requirements

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 5 Earthing Requirements WARNING! THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED. IMPORTANT: The wires in the mains lead are colour coded in accordance with the following code. Green and Yellow..Earth Blue..Neutral Brown..Live As the colours of the wires in the mains lead may not correspond with the markings identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows.

  • Page 10: Mechanical Installation

    (for example, a high power amplifier), to help keep residual noise levels in the system to a minimum. 8 Mains Power Connection Voltage: The DPR-402 operates on either 120 or 240 volt supplies. Use the voltage selector switch to choose the required voltage setting. Frequency: Both 60Hz and 50Hz are acceptable.

  • Page 11: Outputs

    .3 Stereo Link This facility enables the two channels of the DPR-402 to be used in a stereo system, with the result that there is no image shifting under comparison on either channel. This switch actually couples the detector outputs from both channels together, so that either one responds to the largest signal present.

  • Page 12: Compression Controls

    .2 Ratio The effect of the ratio control can be shown on a graph which plots input level, and clearly shows that below threshold the DPR-402 acts purely as a linear amplifier. In applications where gentle compression is required, it is advantageous to change from the linear to compression region in a very gradual manner, rather than the more conventional abrupt manner, as shown in the diagram.

  • Page 13: Attack Time

    .5 AUTO TIME This feature of the DPR-402 is provided to overcome some of the settling problems associated with the attack and release time control features. It is accessed by switching the released time control to the 'AUTO' position, whereupon the circuit automatically adjusts itself to provide the required attack and release time settings, depending on the program type.

  • Page 14: Gain Control

    It should be noted that in the bypass mode, the input is still connected to all of the DPR-402 circuitry, so that all of the required facilities can be selected and set up. This, in conjunction with the OUTPUT METER and INPUT SWITCH, provides a powerful tool for comparing processed signals prior to operating the bypass switch and going 'on-air'.

  • Page 15: Compression Meters

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 11 Compression meters .1 Below Threshold and Gain Reduction Meter Referring back to section 10.1; Threshold, where we discussed the VCA window of operation, the five LEDs of the BELOW THRESHOLD meter will give you an indication of the input signal in relation to this window.

  • Page 16: Output Level Meter And Meter Input Switch

    .2 Output Level Meter and Meter Input Switch This meter monitors the signal level at the output of the DPR-402, and gives an absolute reading of its level. This meter also incorporates the 'bright-up' feature, which will occur when the output signal level reaches +20dBv.

  • Page 17: Broadband De-Essing And Controls

    .2 Broadband De-essing and controls Broadband de-essing can be achieved either simultaneously with normal compression on the same channel of the DPR-402, utilising DE-ESS and FREQ controls, or exclusively on the one channel by setting the MODE switch to DE-ESS WIDE, and utilising the compressor section controls.

  • Page 18: Hf Only De-Essing And Controls

    Referring back to section 3; De-essing and Peak Limiting, the problems with high frequency transients causing distortion further down the equipment line were discussed. The peak limiter of the DPR-402 provides an extra stage of gain reduction, with dynamics specifically set for these fast transients. It is used in...

  • Page 19: Rear Barrier Strip

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 13 Rear Barrier Strip The DPR-402s rear barrier strip provides an interface with the main compressor section, allowing for various configurations which utilise the internal facilities as well as external equipment. For correct operation of the unit, make sure that both the SUBTRACT and CONTROL side chain points are closed, either by links or by externally connected equipment.

  • Page 20: Operation And Applications

    BYPASS switch out, so that the compressor can be 'dropped' into a live performance without disturbance. .2 De-essing The DPR-402 has three modes of de-essing available, de-ess wide with simultaneous compression, de-ess wide with full dynamic control, and de-ess HF Page 20...

  • Page 21: De-Essing Wide With Simultaneous Compression

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 with full dynamic control. De-ess wide attenuates with whole frequency spectrum, and although acceptable for most vocal sources, it may cause undesirable side effects on a mixed program source (refer to section 12.2; Broadband De-essing and controls and 12.3;...

  • Page 22: De-Ess Wide With Full Dynamic Control

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 .4 De-ess Wide with Full Dynamic Control Barrier strip linking B-C and D-G (as factory set). Initial settings. Controls Position MODE SWITCH De-ess wide THRESHOLD RATIO Infinity ATTACK 50 microseconds RELEASE 100 milliseconds GAIN...

  • Page 23: De-Ess Hf With Full Dynamic Control

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 .5 De-ess HF with Full Dynamic Control Barrier strip linking B-C and D-G (as factory set). Initial settings. Controls Position MODE SWITCH De-ess wide THRESHOLD RATIO Infinity ATTACK 50 microseconds RELEASE 100 milliseconds GAIN...

  • Page 24: Peak Limiting

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 .6 Peak Limiting The peak limiter is designed to be used in conjunction with compression and/or any wide band de-essing. It should not be used simultaneously with HF de-essing or when external filters are patched into the SUBTRACT side chain (Terminal G).

  • Page 25: Repatching Of The Barrier Strip For Other Uses And Special Effects

    .2 Repatching of the Barrier Strip for other uses and Special Effects The following table lists many of the possible uses of the DPR-402. This is not an exhaustive list, and other combinations may be tried. To obtain the full benefits of its versatility, a simple understanding of how it works is required (refer to section 13;...
  • Page 26 BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 MODE SUBTRACT CONTROL S/C LINK S/C LINK WIDE BAND L.F. CONTROL COMPRESSION This mode compress the entire audio spectrum under control of the frequencies below that set by the FREQ control. The modulation of H.F. signals by the L.F.

  • Page 27: Stereo Linking

    PEAK LIMITER functions continue to operate independently for each channel, and are not part of the stereo linking. There are three possible ways to stereo link of the DPR-402: Stereo Link Switch When the rear panel STEREO LINK switch in ON, both channels are couples together, and the LINK LED illuminates on the front panel.
  • Page 28 BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 In this mode, it is important that the compressor controls are set identically for all channels. Improved Stereo Coupling In this mode, only the controls on Channel 1 compressor will be required to control both channels, as the control signal for channel 1s VCA is used to drive that on channel 2.

  • Page 29: Warranty Information

    DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 16 Warranty Information When sold to an end user by BSS Audio or a BSS Audio Authorised Reseller, this unit is warranted by the seller to the purchaser against defects in workmanship and the materials used in its manufacture for a period of one year from the date of sale.

  • Page 30: Specifications

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 17 Specifications .1 General Input Impedance: 10k ohm balanced or unbalanced. Input Headroom: >+20dBv. Input CMMR: Better than -50dB 30Hz-20kHz. Typically -65dB at 1kHz. Output level: >+20dBv into 600 ohms or greater. Output Impedance: <1 ohm unbalanced.

  • Page 31: De-Esser

    BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 63% recovery from a 10dB 4 millisecond overdrive, and 1 second for a 10dB 40 millisecond overdrive. .3 De-esser Threshold Range: -30dBv to 20dBv continually variable. Ratio: Infinite, at and above twice the set frequency.
  • Page 32 BSS Audio DPR-402 User Manual v3.0 Bypasses all functions of the unit at unity gain, allowing all parameters to be adjusted and levels checked whilst 'on air'. Momentarily connects the control side chain to the output of the unit to allow monitoring of control insert return.

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