Agilent Technologies E4440A Getting Started Manual
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Agilent Technologies E4440A Getting Started Manual

Psa series spectrum analyzers
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Getting Started Guide
PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:
E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz)
E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz
E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz)
E4446A (3 Hz - 44 GHz)
E4448A (3 Hz - 50 GHz)
Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90242 Supersedes: E4440-90229
Printed in USA
August 2004
© Copyright 2001-2004 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

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  • Page 1 Getting Started Guide PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers This manual provides documentation for the following instruments: E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz) E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz) E4446A (3 Hz - 44 GHz) E4448A (3 Hz - 50 GHz)

  • Page 2: Additional Information

    Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Printer Setup and Operation ........
  • Page 4 USB/GPIB Cable ........... . . 67 HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers ....... . 67 HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers .

  • Page 5: Installation And Setup

    Installation and Setup...
  • Page 6 “Power Requirements” on page 9 • “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 13 • “Printer Setup and Operation” on page 17 • “Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge” on page 19 • “Running Internal Alignments” on page 16 •...

  • Page 7: Initial Inspection

    Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container and the cushioning material for signs of stress. Retain the shipping materials for future use, as you may wish to ship the analyzer to another location or to Agilent Technologies for service. Verify that the contents of the shipping container are complete.
  • Page 8 Installation and Setup Initial Inspection If There Is a Problem If the shipping materials are damaged or the contents of the container are incomplete: • Contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office to arrange for repair or replacement (Table 6-2. on page 75).

  • Page 9: Power Requirements

    Power Requirements The only physical installation of your Agilent spectrum analyzer is a connection to a power source. Line voltage does not need to be selected. This analyzer does not contain customer serviceable fuses. WARNING Failure to ground the analyzer properly can result in personal injury.

  • Page 10: Ac Power Cord

    Installation and Setup Power Requirements NOTE For more information regarding analyzer specifications, see the Specifications guide. Table 1-1. Power Requirements Description Voltage, Frequency Power Consumption, On Power Consumption, Standby AC Power Cord The analyzer is equipped with a three-wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards.
  • Page 11 Installation and Setup Power Requirements Table 1-2. AC Power Cords Chapter 1...
  • Page 12 Installation and Setup Power Requirements Battery Information The analyzer uses a Lithium Polycarbon Monofloride battery to power the analyzer clock. The battery is located on the CPU board. You can order the service documentation for Agilent spectrum analyzers through your Agilent Sales and Service office.

  • Page 13: Turning On The Analyzer For The First Time

    Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time Plug in the power cord. WARNING If this product is to be energized via an external auto transformer for voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply. CAUTION The analyzer is shipped with a a transportation disk inserted in the disk drive to prevent damage to the disk drive during transportation.

  • Page 14: Why Aren't All The Personality Options Loaded In Memory

    Installation and Setup Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time If using LAN, set the IP address of the analyzer to an appropriate number for your network (one that the network recognizes, but that is not yet in use): —...

  • Page 15: Firmware Revision

    Firmware Revision To view the firmware revision of your analyzer, press call Agilent Technologies regarding your analyzer, it is helpful to have this revision and the analyzer serial number available. You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases and other product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies Test &...

  • Page 16: Running Internal Alignments

    Installation and Setup Running Internal Alignments Running Internal Alignments Each time the analyzer is powered on, the internal alignment routine runs automatically. The analyzer was shipped from the factory with the Alignments mode set to Auto. This setting enables the alignment routine to run automatically either every 24 hours, or when the internal analyzer temperature changes 3 C.

  • Page 17: Printer Setup And Operation

    Printer Setup and Operation A printer can be connected to your analyzer if it is equipped with an external I/O interface. Supported printers accept Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language Level 3 (PCL3) or 5 (PCL5). Refer to the documentation or specifications supplied with your printer, or contact the manufacturer to identify your printer’s language.
  • Page 18 When you have completed the printer setup for the analyzer, press the front panel key. If the printer is ready and the printer setup was successful, a printout of the analyzer display will be printed. If the printer is not ready, the message “Printer not responding”...

  • Page 19: Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

    Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components (the possibility of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever components are transported, stored, or used). Test Equipment and ESD To help reduce ESD damage that can occur while using test equipment: •...

  • Page 20: Safety Information

    Installation and Setup Safety Information Safety Information WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall be inserted only in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.

  • Page 21: Front And Rear Panel Features

    Front and Rear Panel Features This chapter gives you an overview of the front and rear panels of your analyzer. For details on analyzer keys and remote programming, refer to the User’s and Programmer’s Reference. For connector specifications (including input/output levels), see the Specifications guide.

  • Page 22: Front Panel Overview

    Front and Rear Panel Features Front Panel Overview Front Panel Overview This section provides information on the analyzer’s front panel, including: • Front Panel Connectors and Keys, see below • “Display Annotations” on page 24 Front-Panel Connectors and Keys Item Name Allow connection of an analog I/Q demodulator (not currently implemented).
  • Page 23 Item Name Access features used with all analyzer modes and affect the state of the entire spectrum System Keys analyzer. Not currently implemented. To be implemented in future firmware upgrade. Vol. Control/ Earphones Supplies power for external high frequency probes and accessories (see page 83). PROBE PWR Enable markers to obtain specific information about the displayed measurement Marker Keys...

  • Page 24: Display Annotations

    Front and Rear Panel Features Front Panel Overview Display Annotations Item Description Detector type Reference level Active function block Screen title Time and date display RF attenuation Display line Marker Active marker Active marker frequency and amplitude Associated Function Keys Det/Demod, Detector Amplitude, Ref Level Refer to the description of the activated function.
  • Page 25 Item Description Data invalid indicator Status message area Key menu title Softkey menu Frequency span or stop frequency Sweep time Video bandwidth Frequency offset Display status line Resolution bandwidth Center frequency or start frequency Internal preamp Auto alignment routine status Trigger or Trace Average Display line annotation...
  • Page 26 Front and Rear Panel Features Front Panel Overview Item Description Phase noise optimization Sweep type Signal track (could also be CP Continuous Peak a. This function can be auto-coupled. A pound ( uncoupled function. Associated Function Keys Auto Couple, PhNoise Opt Phase noise can be optimized for: f<50k: frequencies less than 50 kHz from carrier.

  • Page 27: Rear-Panel Features

    Rear-Panel Features Item Name Provides 28 V to drive a noise source. Used on Option 219 Noise Figure personality. NOISE SOURCE DRIVE OUT +28 V (PULSED) Outputs tuning voltage for preselected harmonic mixer. PRESEL TUNE A switched output of the analyzer’s internal 10 MHz frequency reference signal used 10 MHz OUT to lock the frequency reference of other test equipment to the analyzer.
  • Page 28 70 MHZ IF OUT Allows connection of an external VGA monitor. MONITOR Allows connection of a PC, printer, or modem. RS-232 This feature not fully implemented; to be implemented in a future release. These features are only available when special options are installed.

  • Page 29: Key Overview

    Front and Rear Panel Features Key Overview Key Overview The keys labeled , and are all examples of front-panel FREQUENCY Channel System Marker keys. The front-panel keys are dark gray, light gray, green, or white in color. Front-panel keys that are white perform an immediate action rather than bringing up a menu. The only green key is the key, which performs an analyzer reset (A summary of all front Preset...
  • Page 30 Front and Rear Panel Features Key Overview In other key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key has been selected but the menu is immediately exited when a selection is made. For example, when you press the key (on the menu), it will bring up its own menu of Orientation...

  • Page 31: Front And Rear Panel Symbols

    Front and Rear Panel Symbols This symbol is used to indicate power ON (green LED). This symbol is used to indicate power STANDBY mode (yellow LED). This symbol is used to indicate the ON position of the power button. This symbol is used to indicate the OFF position of the power button. This symbol indicates the input power required is AC.
  • Page 32 Front and Rear Panel Features Front and Rear Panel Symbols Chapter 2...

  • Page 33: Making A Basic Measurement

    Making a Basic Measurement This chapter provides information on basic analyzer operation. For more information on making measurements, see the measurement guide for your analyzer.
  • Page 34 Making a Basic Measurement This chapter is divided into the following sections: • “Using the Front Panel” on page 35 • “Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer” on page 36 • “Viewing a Signal” on page 37 Ensure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer input does not CAUTION exceed +30 dBm (1 watt).

  • Page 35: Using The Front Panel

    Using the Front Panel Entering Data When setting measurement parameters, there are several ways to enter or modify the value of the active function: Increments or decrements the current value. Knob Increments or decrements the current value. Arrow Keys Numeric Keypad Enters a specific value. Then press the desired terminator (either a unit softkey, or the Terminate a value that requires a unit-of-measurement.

  • Page 36: Presetting The Spectrum Analyzer

    Making a Basic Measurement Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer Preset provides a known starting point for making measurements. The analyzer has three types of preset: Restores the analyzer to its factory-defined state. Factory Preset Restores the analyzer to a user-defined state. User Preset This type of preset restores the currently selected mode to a known Mode Preset...

  • Page 37: Viewing A Signal

    Viewing a Signal 1. Press . If the softkeys Preset Factory Preset 2. Press System Reference press the softkey to toggle the reference on. 3. Connect the analyzer’s rear panel 10 MHz OUT (SWITCHED) to the front-panel input. Setting Reference Level and Center Frequency NOTE The display examples in this section are made using various analyzer models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.
  • Page 38 Making a Basic Measurement Viewing a Signal Figure 3-1 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal and Associated Spectrum Setting Frequency Span 6. Set the frequency span to 50 MHz: Press This displays the signal as shown in 10 MHz Peak SPAN Figure 3-2.
  • Page 39 Figure 3-2 Span Changed to 50 MHz Reading Frequency & Amplitude 7. Place a marker (labeled 1) on the 10 MHz peak, as shown in Press Peak Search Note that the frequency and amplitude of the marker appear both in the active function block, and in the upper-right corner of the screen.
  • Page 40 Making a Basic Measurement Viewing a Signal Figure 3-3 A Marker on the 10 MHz Peak Figure 3-4 Relationship Between Frequency and Amplitude Active function block Marker Annotation Chapter 3...
  • Page 41 Improving Frequency Accuracy 10.While not all of the zeros following the decimal in the active function block are significant, the numbers after the decimal in the marker annotation (upper-right corner of screen) are significant. To increase the accuracy of the frequency reading in the marker annotation, turn on the frequency count function.
  • Page 42 Making a Basic Measurement Viewing a Signal Figure 3-5 Increasing Marker Frequency Accuracy Figure 3-6 Using Marker Counter Frequency Count increases accuracy Chapter 3...

  • Page 43: Viewing Catalogs And Saving Files

    Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files...
  • Page 44 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files The analyzer stores and retrieves data similarly to the way that a personal computer (PC) does: both have internal storage and a floppy disk drive. While a PC has an internal drive, the analyzer’s internal storage is nonvolatile (flash) memory, which acts as an internal drive.

  • Page 45: File Menu Functions

    File Menu Functions This chapter describes how to use the functions located under the front-panel Data storage and retrieval are handled similarly to that of personal computers (PCs). Like PCs, these analyzers include an internal storage drive and a floppy disk drive, both of which have directory and sub-directory capability.
  • Page 46 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files File Menu Functions Press to bring up a screen display as shown in Figure 4-1. File Catalog Figure 4-1. Catalog Menu NOTE Use the front-panel move up and down within the directory information box. 1. The entry fields show the parameters for the files viewed. Entry fields that are being modified or are modifiable are indicated by highlighting (inverse video).

  • Page 47: Creating A Directory

    b. Type: column displays the extension of the filename, for example, .SET, .STA, .TRC. Directories are displayed as DIR and drives have nothing listed under Type:. They are only designated by the Name: column ([-A-] or [-C-]). c. Size: column displays the size of the file in bytes. d.

  • Page 48: Saving A File

    Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Saving a File Saving a File You can save files (setups, states, traces, limits, corrections, measurement results, or screens) to a floppy disk (A:\), or the internal drive (C:\). In this example you will save a trace to the internal C: drive.
  • Page 49 6. Activate trace 2 and put it into minimum hold by pressing analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-4. Figure 4-3. Viewing Traces 1 and 2 7. Activate trace 3 by pressing similar to Figure 4-5. Chapter 4 . Your analyzer display should look Trace (3) Clear Write Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files...

  • Page 50: Step 2. Save The File

    Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Saving a File Figure 4-4. Viewing Traces 1, 2, and 3 Step 2. Save the file 1. To access the Save menu, press, 2. Select the type of file you want to save. In this example you are saving a trace; press Type, Trace NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files.
  • Page 51 5. Enter a filename by pressing will name the file, “TEST1”. (The numeric keypad is also available for the filename.) Note that the file extension is always set by the system and for this file type the extension is TRC. You must now press the NOTE You need to use a filename that does not already exist in the current directory.

  • Page 52: Loading A File

    Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Saving a File Loading a file 1. Reset the analyzer by pressing 2. To access the Load menu, press 3. Select the type of file you want to load (setup, state, trace, limits, or corrections). In this example you are loading a trace file;...
  • Page 53 NOTE You should notice that the trace you saved, in this example trace 3, is loaded to trace 2. If you wish to verify this condition, remove the signal input. Press Input/Output Input Port Note that when a trace is loaded, it is placed in view mode. To see that trace 2 is in view mode, blank traces 1 and 3 by pressing .

  • Page 54: Renaming A File

    Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Saving a File Renaming a File 1. To access the menu, press Rename 2. Select the type of file you want to rename (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or corrections). In this example you are renaming a trace file; press 3.

  • Page 55: Copying A File

    Copying a File 1. To access the Copy menu, press boxes as described by the From: and To: fields located directly above the boxes. Refer to Figure 4-9. Figure 4-8. Copy Menu 2. Put a formatted floppy in the A: drive. 3.

  • Page 56: Deleting A File

    Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Saving a File NOTE Highlighting a filename in the To: directory box has no significance. The file cannot be placed inside another file. 7. Press to execute the operation. The message: “Copying file” is displayed Copy Now during the copying process.

  • Page 57: Using The Alpha Editor

    Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Using the Alpha Editor Using the Alpha Editor The Alpha Editor enables you to select letters to enter a name for a file or directory ( File , for example). Rename 1. Use the keys to display the softkey that lists the character you want. Each softkey More has several characters on it.
  • Page 58 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files Using the Alpha Editor Chapter 4...

  • Page 59: Options And Accessories

    Options and Accessories This chapter lists options and accessories available for your analyzer.

  • Page 60: Ordering Options And Accessories

    Options and Accessories Ordering Options and Accessories Ordering Options and Accessories Options and accessories help you configure the analyzer for your specific applications, and enable you to use the analyzer. Options (see page Unless specified otherwise, all options are available when you order a spectrum analyzer; some options are also available as kits that you can order and install after you receive the analyzer.

  • Page 61: Options

    Options Option Name Number Manual Set on CD-ROM Only Additional Manual Set Service Documentation Rack Mount Kit Front Handle Kit Rack Mount Kit with Handles Rack Slide Kit Preamplifier 80 MHz Bandwidth Digitizer Switchable Microwave Preselector Bypass Chapter 5 Description The documentation CD-ROM contains the standard documentation set as well as Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search.
  • Page 62 Options and Accessories Options Option Name Number Y-axis Video Output GSM with EDGE Measurement Personality 1xEV-DO Measurement Personality HSDPA Measurement Personality TD-SCDMA Measurement Personality 1xEV-DV Noise Figure Measurement Personality Description Provides a 0 to 1 V signal that corresponds to the bottom and top of the display graticule, respectively.
  • Page 63 Provides the ability to use the HP/Agilent 11970 Series harmonic mixers, and HP/Agilent 11974 preselected harmonic mixers with the Agilent E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A analyzer to extend the frequency range to 110 GHz. Operation to 325 GHz is also possible with non-HP/Agilent mixers.
  • Page 64 Options and Accessories Options Option Name Number cdma2000 Measurement Personality Digital Demod Hardware APC 3.5 Input Connector cdmaOne Measurement Personality NADC/PDC Measurement Personality W-CDMA Measurement Personality Description Provides cdma2000 transmitter measurements: channel power ACPR intermodulation spectrum emission mask occupied BW code domain power modulation accuracy (composite rho) QPSK EVM...
  • Page 65 Option Name Number Commercial Calibration with Test Data 3-Year Warranty Service Support 5-Year Warranty Service Support a. Available only at time of purchase Chapter 5 Description Provides the factory calibration test data and the standard commercial calibration certificate at initial shipment. A total of 3 years of warranty service support.

  • Page 66: Accessories

    Sales and Service Office and are listed below. 50 Ohm/75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad The HP/Agilent 11852B is a low VSWR minimum loss pad that allows you to make measurements on 75 Ohm devices using an analyzer with a 50 Ohm input. It is effective over a frequency range of dc to 2 GHz.

  • Page 67: Gpib Cable

    82357A is a standard Plug and Play device and you can interface with up to 14 GPIB instruments. HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers The 11970 Series harmonic mixers are available to extend the frequency range of analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 110 GHz. The following six models are available: Table 5-1.

  • Page 68: Hp/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers

    Options and Accessories Accessories HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers 11974 Series preselected millimeter mixers are available to extend the frequency range of analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 75 GHz. Preselection reduces mixer overload from broadband signals, reduces radiation of local oscillator harmonics back to the device under test, and reduces the level of image and multiple responses displayed.

  • Page 69: In Case Of Difficulty

    In Case of Difficulty This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your Agilent Technologies spectrum analyzer, and how to return it for service. If you experience a problem or would like additional information about your analyzer, Agilent Technologies’...
  • Page 70 In Case of Difficulty Before calling Agilent Technologies, however (or returning an analyzer for service), perform the quick checks listed in the problem. If a problem persists, you may choose to: • Repair the analyzer yourself. See • Return the analyzer to Agilent Technologies for repair. See Service”...

  • Page 71: Types Of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

    Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages The analyzer can generate various messages that appear on the display during operation. For a complete list of spectrum analyzer messages, see the Instrument Messages and Functional Tests manual. The following table describes the four types of spectrum analyzer messages.

  • Page 72: Before Calling Agilent Technologies

    In Case of Difficulty Before Calling Agilent Technologies Before Calling Agilent Technologies Check the Basics Is there power at the receptacle? Make sure there is no disk in the front-panel disk drive. Is the analyzer turned on? Check to see if the green LED above the power switch is on. Also, listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer cooling fans are running.
  • Page 73 Perform an Alignment. Press If the previously performed alignments did not resolve the problem, press Alignments Restore Align Defaults Is the analyzer displaying an error message? If so, refer to the Instrument Messages and Functional Tests manual. If the necessary equipment is available, perform the functional tests in the Instrument Messages and Functional Tests document for your analyzer.

  • Page 74: Read The Warranty

    In Case of Difficulty Before Calling Agilent Technologies Read the Warranty The warranty for your analyzer is in the front of your Specifications Guide. Please read it and become familiar with its terms. If your analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be familiar with its terms.
  • Page 75 Table 6-2. Contacting Agilent Technologies Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist United States (tel) 1 800 452 4844 Canada (tel) 1 877 894 4414 (fax) (905) 282-6495 Europe (tel) (31 20) 547 2323 (fax) (31 20) 547 2390 Chapter 6 Latin America (tel) (305) 269 7500 (fax) (305) 269 7599 Japan (tel) (81) 426 56 7832...

  • Page 76: Returning An Analyzer For Service

    In Case of Difficulty Returning an Analyzer for Service Returning an Analyzer for Service Service Tag When you are returning an analyzer to Agilent Technologies for service, fill out and attach one of the blue service tags provided at the end of this chapter. Please be as specific as possible about the problem.
  • Page 77 5. Surround the equipment with three to four inches of packing material and prevent the equipment from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D.-240 Air Cap™ from Sealed Air Corporation (Hayward, California, 94545).
  • Page 78 In Case of Difficulty Returning an Analyzer for Service Chapter 6...
  • Page 79 Index Numerics 10 MHz reference, turning on 50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss 75 ohm matching transformer AC probe Accessories accessories 50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss 75 ohm matching transformer AC probe broadband preamplifiers GPIB cable harmonic mixers preselected millimeter mixers RF limiters transient limiters active function...
  • Page 80 Index personality options not in instrument power amplifiers preamplifiers preset factory types user, creating printer setup probes AC and DC product information rear panel symbols rear panel features reference level, setting reference, turning on 10 MHz rename files RF limiters...

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