Page 1 Model 2000 Multimeter User’s Manual A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E...
Page 2 WARRANTY Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 3 years from date of shipment. Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
Page 4 Revision F (Document Number 2000-900-01) ..............April 1999 Revision G (Document Number 2000-900-01).............. December 2001 All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Page 5 afety Precautions The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present. This product is intended for use by qualiﬁed personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury.
Page 6 To maintain protection from electric shock and ﬁre, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety ap- provals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents General Information Introduction..................1-2 Feature overview..................1-2 Warranty information................1-3 Manual addenda...................1-3 Safety symbols and terms ..............1-3 Speciﬁcations..................1-3 Inspections ...................1-4 Options and accessories...............1-5 Basic Measurements Introduction..................2-2 Front panel summary ................2-3 Rear panel summary ................2-6 Power-up ....................2-8 Display....................2-17 Measuring voltage................2-18 Measuring current................2-22 Measuring resistance .................2-24 Measuring frequency and period ............2-26 Measuring temperature ..............2-28...
Page 8 Trigger model (GPIB operation) ............4-29 Programming syntax ................. 4-32 Common commands................4-39 SCPI Command Reference SCPI Signal oriented measurement commands ........5-3 SCPI command subsystems reference tables ........5-7 Calculate subsystem ................5-20 DISPlay subsystem................5-26 :FORMat subsystem ................5-28 ROUTe subsystem ................
Page 9 List of Illustrations Basic Measurements Model 2000 front panel ...............2-3 Model 2000 rear panel .................2-6 Power module ..................2-8 DC and AC voltage measurements ............2-19 DC and AC current measurements.............2-22 Two- and four-wire resistance measurements........2-25 Frequency and period measurements..........2-27 Thermocouple temperature measurements ........2-28 Continuity measurements ..............2-34...
Page 10 Device action (trigger model)............4-31 Standard event enable register............4-41 Standard event status register ............4-43 Service request enable register ............4-49 Status byte register ................4-51 SCPI Command Reference ASCII data format ................5-28 IEEE754 single precision data format (32 data bits)......5-29 IEEE754 double precision data format (64 data bits) .......
Page 11 List of Tables Basic Measurements Fuse ratings..................2-9 Factory defaults..................2-13 Crest factor limitations ..............2-18 Measurement Options Rate settings for the measurement functions ........3-7 Auto delay settings ................3-9 Bus commands parameters for stepping and scanning counters ..3-28 Remote Operation Language supported................4-4 RS-232 connector pinout ..............4-8 General bus commands and associated statements......4-14 IEEE-488.2 common commands and queries........4-39 SCPI Command Reference...
Page 12 Hexadecimal and decimal command codes ........E-11 Typical addressed command sequence ..........E-13 Typical addressed command sequence ..........E-13 IEEE command groups ..............E-14 Model 2000 interface function codes ..........E-15 IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information IEEE-488 documentation requirements..........F-2 Coupled commands ................F-4...
Page 13 General Information...
Page 14: General Information
Thermocouple temperature from -200°C to +1372°C. Some additional capabilities of the Model 2000 include: • Full range of functions — In addition to those listed above, the Model 2000 functions include period, dB, dBm, continuity, diode testing, mX+b, and percent. •...
Page 15: Warranty Information
Warranty information Warranty information is located at the front of this instruction manual. Should your Model 2000 require warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized re- pair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to ﬁll out and include the service form at the back of this manual to provide the re-...
Page 16: Inspections
General Information Inspection The Model 2000 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (Note: There may be a protective ﬁlm over the display lens, which can be removed.) Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately.
Page 17: Options And Accessories
2000. Scanner cards Model 2000-SCAN: This is a 10-channel scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000. Channels can be conﬁgured for 2-pole or 4-pole operation. Included are two pairs of leads for connection to Model 2000 rear panel inputs (Keithley P/N CA-109).
Page 18: Low Thermal Probes
BNC trigger connectors. The Model 8504 is 1m long. Rack mount kits Model 4288-1 Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit: Mounts a single Model 2000 in a standard 19- inch rack. Model 4288-2 Side-by-Side Rack Mount Kit: Mounts two instruments (Models 182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 6517, 7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.
Page 19: Basic Measurements
Basic Measurements...
Page 20: Basic Measurements
Basic Measurements Introduction This section summarizes front panel operation of the Model 2000. It is organized as follows: • Front panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes keys, display, and connections. • Rear panel summary — Includes an illustration and summarizes connections.
Page 21: Front Panel Summary
Basic Measurements Front panel summary The front panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2-1. This ﬁgure includes important ab- breviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Figure 2-1 SENSE Model 2000 front INPUT 4 WIRE...
Page 22 Basic Measurements Shifted operation keys DELAY Sets user delay between trigger and measurement. HOLD Holds reading when the selected number of samples is within the selected tol- erance. LIMITS Sets upper and lower limit values for readings. ON/OFF Enables/disables limits; selects beeper operation for limit testing. TEST Selects built-in tests, diagnostics, display test.
Page 23 Basic Measurements Input connections INPUT HI and LO Used for making DC volts, AC volts, 2-wire resistance measurements. AMPS Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC current and AC cur- rent measurements. Also holds current input fuse (3A, 250V, fast blow, 5 20mm).
Page 24: Rear Panel Summary
Basic Measurements Rear panel summary The rear panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2-2. This ﬁgure includes important ab- breviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Figure 2-2 Model 2000 rear panel WARNING: WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
Page 25 Connector for IEEE-488 (GPIB) operation. Use a shielded cable, such as Models 7007-1 and 7007-2. Power module Contains the AC line receptacle, power line fuse, and line voltage setting. The Model 2000 can be conﬁgured for line voltages of 100V/120V/220V/240VAC at line frequencies of 45Hz to 66Hz or 360Hz to 440Hz.
Page 26: Power-Up
Basic Measurements Power-up Line power connection Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2000 to line power and turn on the instrument. Check to see that the line voltage selected on the rear panel (see Figure 2-3) is correct for the operating voltage in your area.
Page 27: Fuse Ratings
If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses, locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse. See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for troubleshooting information. If conﬁguring the instrument for a different line voltage, remove the line voltage selector from the assembly and rotate it to the proper position.
Page 28: Power-Up Sequence
Basic Measurements Power-up sequence On power-up, the Model 2000 performs self-tests on its EPROM and RAM and momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the instrument momentarily dis- plays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on. (Error messages are listed in Appen- dix B.)
Page 29: High Energy Circuit Safety Precautions
Basic Measurements 2-11 High energy circuit safety precautions To optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits, read and use the directions in the following warning. WARNING Dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death.
Page 30: Power-On Defaults
Power-on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The Model 2000 offers two choices for the settings: factory and user. The power-on default will be the last conﬁguration you saved. The SAVE and SETUP keys select the two choices of power-on defaults.
Page 31: Factory Defaults
Basic Measurements 2-13 Table 2-2 Factory defaults Setting Factory default Autozero Buffer No effect Continuity Beeper Digits Rate Fast (0.1 PLC) Threshold Current (AC and DC) Digits (AC) Digits (DC) Filter Count Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Value Rate (AC) Medium* Rate (DC) Medium (1 PLC)
Page 32 2-14 Basic Measurements Table 2-2 (cont.) Factory defaults Setting Factory default Resistance (2-wire and 4-wire) Digits Filter Count Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Value Rate Medium (1 PLC) RS-232 Baud No effect Flow No effect Tx term No effect Scanning Channels 1-10...
Page 33 Basic Measurements 2-15 Table 2-2 (cont.) Factory defaults Setting Factory default Voltage (AC and DC) dB reference No effect dBm reference Digits (AC) Digits (DC) Filter Count Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Value Rate (AC) Medium* Rate (DC) Medium (1 PLC) *DETector:BANDwidth 30...
Page 34: Gpib Primary Address
See Section Four — Remote Operation for more GPIB information. Warm-up time The Model 2000 is ready for use as soon as the power-up sequence has completed. However, to achieve rated accuracy, allow the instrument to warm up for one hour. If the instrument has been subjected to extreme temperatures, allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize.
Page 35: Display
2-17 Display The display of the Model 2000 is primarily used to display readings, along with the units and type of measurement. Annunciators are located on the top, bottom, right, and left of the reading or message display. The annunciators indicate various states of operation. See Figure 2-1 for a complete listing of annunciators.
Page 36: Measuring Voltage
2-18 Basic Measurements Measuring voltage The Model 2000 can make DCV measurements from 0.1µV to 1000V and ACV measure- ments from 0.1µV to 750V RMS, 1000V peak. Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals. Either the front or rear inputs can be used;...
Page 37: Dc And Ac Voltage Measurements
Effects not noticeable when working with higher voltages are signiﬁcant in microvolt sig- nals. The Model 2000 reads only the signal received at its input; therefore, it is important that this signal be properly transmitted from the source. The following paragraphs indicate factors that affect accuracy, including stray signal pick-up and thermal offsets.
Page 38: Thermal Emfs
Basic Measurements Thermal EMFs Thermal EMFs (thermoelectric potentials) are generated by thermal differences between the junctions of dissimilar metals. These can be large compared to the signal that the Model 2000 can measure. Thermal EMFs can cause the following conditions: •...
Page 39: Basic Measurements
Basic Measurements 2-21 AC voltage offset The Model 2000, at 5 digits resolution, will typically display 100 counts of offset on AC volts with the input shorted. This offset is caused by the offset of the TRMS converter. This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the REL feature. The...
Page 40: Measuring Current
2-22 Basic Measurements Measuring current The Model 2000 can make DCI measurements from 10nA to 3A and ACI measurements from 1µAm to 3A RMS. NOTE See the previous discussion about crest factor in “Measuring voltage” in this section. Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: Connect test leads to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals.
Page 41: Amps Fuse Replacement
If the instrument repeatedly blows fuses, locate and cor- rect the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse. See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for troubleshooting information. Install the new fuse by reversing the procedure above.
Page 42: Measuring Resistance
2-24 Basic Measurements Measuring resistance The Model 2000 can make 2-wire and 4-wire resistance measurements from 100µ to 120M . Connections Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: Connect test leads to the Model 2000 as follows: A.
Page 43: Two- And Four-Wire Resistance Measurements
Basic Measurements 2-25 Figure 2-6 Optional shield Shielded Model 2000 Two- and four- Cable wire resistance measurements STEP SCAN CH4 CH5 MATH TALK REAR LSTN SHIFT TIMER HOLD TRIG FAST SLOW FILT AUTO BUFFER STAT 2001 MULTIMETER Resistance Under Test Note: Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals.
Page 44: Measuring Frequency And Period
The multimeter’s AC voltage measurement section performs input signal conditioning. Gate time The gate time is the amount of time the Model 2000 uses to sample frequency or period read- ings. All settings of the RATE key (FAST, MEDium, SLOW) yield a gate time of one second.
Page 45: Frequency And Period Measurements
Assuming factory default conditions, the basic procedure is as follows: Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2000. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.
Page 46: Measuring Temperature
Thermocouples can be connected to the Model 2001-TCSCAN card, which plugs into the op- tion slot of the Model 2000, or to an external thermocouple card, such as a Model 7057A, 7402, or 7014 installed in a Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System.
Page 47 JUNC — SIM, CH1 (simulated or referenced at Channel 1). Typically, a thermocouple card uses a single reference junction. The Model 2000 can simulate a reference junction temperature or use the reference junction on a switching card. Typical reference junction temperatures are 0°C and 23°C.
Page 48: Math
NOTES Once enabled for a function, the mX+b and percentage calculations are in effect across function changes. The Model 2000 uses IEEE-754 ﬂoating point format for math calculations. MX + B This math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings (X) mathematically accord-...
Page 49 Press ENTER when done. The Model 2000 will display the result of the calculation. The result is positive when the input exceeds the reference and negative when the input is less than the reference. Engineering units are used to show values in the range 1 nano to 1000G.
Page 50: Dbm Calculation
1mW reference. With a user-programmable ref- erence impedance, the Model 2000 reads 0dBm when the voltage needed to dissipate 1mW through the reference impedance is applied. The relationship between dBm, a reference imped- ance, and the voltage is deﬁned by the following equation:...
Page 51: Db Calculation
Basic Measurements 2-33 dB calculation Expressing DC or AC voltage in dB makes it possible to compress a large range of measure- ments into a much smaller scope. The relationship between dB and voltage is deﬁned by the following equation: dB= 20 log ----------------- - where: V...
Page 52: Measuring Continuity
The Model 2000 uses the 1k range to measure circuit continuity. After selecting continuity, the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level (1 -1000 ). The Model 2000 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level.
Page 53: Testing Diodes
The diode test measures voltages on the 3V range for the 1mA test current and the 10V range for the 100µA and 10µA ranges. If a reading is more than 10V, the Model 2000 displays the “OVERFLOW” status message.
Page 54 2-36 Basic Measurements...
Page 55: Measurement Options
Measurement Options...
Page 56: Measurement Options
Measurement Options Introduction This section describes the front panel features of the Model 2000. For those measurement op- tions accessible only by a remote interface, refer to Sections 4 and 5. This section is organized as follows: • Measurement conﬁguration — Describes ranging, ﬁltering, relative readings, digits of resolution, and measurement rate.
Page 57: Measurement Conﬁguration
Measurement Options Measurement conﬁguration The following paragraphs discuss conﬁguring the multimeter for making measurements. See the end of Appendix A for information about optimizing readings for speed or accuracy. Range The selected measurement range affects both the ultimate digits and accuracy of the measure- ments as well as the maximum signal that can be measured.
Page 58: Measurement Options
Measurement Options Filter FILTER lets you set the ﬁlter response to stabilize noisy measurements. The Model 2000 uses a digital ﬁlter, which is based on reading conversions. The displayed, stored, or transmitted read- ing is simply an average of a number of reading conversions (from 1 to 100).
Page 59: Response Time
Digits The display resolution of a Model 2000 reading depends on the DIGITS setting. It has no ef- fect on the remote reading format. The number of displayed digits does not affect accuracy or speed. Those parameters are controlled by the RATE setting.
Page 60 Measurement Options Rate The RATE operation sets the integration time of the A/D converter, the period of time the in- put signal is measured (also known as aperture). The integration time affects the usable digits, the amount of reading noise, as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument. The integra- tion time is speciﬁed in parameters based on a number of power line cycles (NPLC), where 1 PLC for 60Hz is 16.67msec and 1 PLC for 50Hz and 400Hz is 20msec.
Page 61: Rate Settings For The Measurement Functions
Measurement Options Bandwidth The rate setting for AC voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth setting: • Slow — 3Hz to 300kHz. • Medium — 30Hz to 300kHz. • Fast — 300Hz to 300kHz. Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest. When the Slow bandwidth (3Hz to 300kHz) is chosen, the signal goes through an analog RMS converter.
Page 62: Trigger Operations
• A bus trigger (GET or *TRG) is received. • The front panel TRIG key is pressed. (The Model 2000 must be taken out of remote before it will respond to the TRIG key. Use the LOCAL key or send LOCAL 716 over...
Page 63: Auto Delay Settings
A programmable delay is available after event detection. It can be set manually or an auto de- lay can be used. With auto delay, the Model 2000 selects a delay based on the function and range. The AUTO settings are listed in Table 3-2.
Page 64: Device Actions
3-10 Measurement Options Device actions The primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action block could include the following additional actions: • Filtering — If the repeating ﬁlter is enabled, the instrument samples the speciﬁed num- ber of reading conversions to yeildl single ﬁltered reading. Only one reading conversion is performed if the ﬁlter is disabled, or after the speciﬁed number of reading conversions for a moving average ﬁlter is reached.
Page 65: Rear Panel Pinout
The Model 2000 uses two lines of the Trigger Link rear panel connector as External Trigger (EXT TRIG) input and Voltmeter Complete (VMC) output. The EXT TRIG line allows the Mod- el 2000 to be triggered by other instruments. The VMC line allows the Model 2000 to trigger other instruments.
Page 66: Voltmeter Complete
In a typical test system, you may want to close a channel and then measure the DUT connect- ed to the channel with a multimeter. Such a test system is shown in Figure 3-6, which uses a Model 2000 to measure ten DUTs switched by a Model 7011 multiplexer card in a Model 7001/ 7002 Switch System.
Page 67: Dut Test System
Number of scans = 1 Channel spacing = TrigLink To run the test and store readings in the Model 2000 with the unit set for external triggers, press STEP or SCAN. The Model 2000 waits (with the asterisk annunciator lit) for an external...
Page 68: Operation Model For Triggering Example
Press STEP on the Model 7001/7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan. The scanner's output pulse triggers the Model 2000 to take a reading, store it, and send a trigger pulse. The following explanation on operation is referenced to the operation model shown in Figure 3-8.
Page 69 (point F) and then loops back to point A, where it waits for another input trigger. The trigger applied to the Model 7001/7002 from the Model 2000 closes the next channel in the scan. This triggers the multimeter to measure the next DUT. The process continues until all...
Page 70: Din To Bnc Trigger Cable
Figure 3-9 shows how a Keithley Model 706 Scanner can be connected to the Trigger Link of the Model 2000 using the adapter cable. With this adapter, a Model 706 could be substituted for the Model 7001/7002 in the previous example. With the Model 706 set for External Trigger- ing, the test would start when the single scan mode is selected and initiated.
Page 71: Buffer Operations
3-17 Buffer operations The Model 2000 has a buffer to store from two to 1024 readings and units. It also stores the channel number for scanned readings and overﬂow readings. In addition, recalled data includes statistical information, such as minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation.
Page 72: Buffer Locations
3-18 Measurement Options Recalling readings Use the following steps to view stored readings and buffer statistics: Press RECALL. The BUFFER annunciator indicates that stored readings are being dis- played. The arrow annunciator indicates that more data can be viewed with the , and keys.
Page 73: Buffer Statistics
The STD DEV value is the standard deviation of the buffered readings. The equation used to calculate the standard deviation is: – -- - ------------------------------------------------------------- - where: x i is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings NOTE The Model 2000 uses IEEE-754 ﬂoating point format for math calculations.
Page 74: Limit Operations
3-20 Measurement Options Limit operations Limit operations set and control the values that determine the HI / IN / LO status of subse- quent measurements. Limits can be applied to all measurement functions except continuity. The limit test is performed after mX+b and percent math operations. Unit preﬁxes are applied before the limit test, for example: •...
Page 75: Using Limit Test To Sort 100 , 10% Resistors
Measurement Options 3-21 Enabling limits Use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation: Press the SHIFT-ON/OFF keys to view the present beeper status: BEEP: NEVER Use the keys to change the beeper status (NEVER, OUTSIDE, INSIDE). Press ENTER when done. When the multimeter returns to the normal display, the HI/IN/LO status is displayed along with the reading.
Page 76: Scan Operations
Scanning overview A scanner lets you switch among a number of input signals to the Model 2000 for measure- ment. The channel control and scanning capabilities depend on whether an internal or external card is being used, as well as on the capabilities of the scanner card. Refer to the documentation supplied with the scanner card for speciﬁc connection information.
Page 77: Front Panel Scanner Controls
Close a speciﬁc channel (or channel pair for 4-wire resistance). • Immediately open any internal closed channel (or channel pair for 4-wire resistance). With a scanner card installed in the option slot of the Model 2000, the following prompt is displayed when the CLOSE key is pressed: CLOSE CHAN:01...
Page 78: Front Panel Triggering With Stepping
3-24 Measurement Options Stepping and scanning trigger model additions The trigger model presented in “Trigger operations” earlier in this section has some addition- al capabilities when stepping or scanning. These are outlined below: • Timer — With this control source, event detection is immediately satisﬁed on the initial pass.
Page 79: Front Panel Triggering With Scanning
Measurement Options 3-25 Figure 3-13 Idle Front panel trig- gering with scan- More ning Reading Readings Count (Trigger counter) Event Control Detection Source Output Trigger Immediate External Timer More Scan List Channels Length (Sample counter) Delay Device Action...
Page 80 The next selection is for timed scans. (This is the Timer control source in the trigger model.) It sets a user-speciﬁed interval for starting scans. If you choose timed scans, the Model 2000 prompts for a time interval: 00H:00M:00.000S Use the , and keys to select a time interval and press ENTER to conﬁrm.
Page 81: Internal Scanning Example With Reading Count Option
Figure 3-14 shows how different settings of RDG CNT affect these operations: Figure 3-14 SHIFT-CONFIG Internal scanning TYPE: INT MIN CHAN: 1 Note: "Factory setup" on the example with Model 2000 is assumed. MAX CHAN: 10 reading count op- TIMER? OFF tion 0010 0002 RDG CNT:...
Page 82: Bus Commands Parameters For Stepping And Scanning Counters
3-28 Measurement Options NOTE If the reading count divided by the scan list length is not an integer, it is rounded up. For example, if the reading count is 15 and the scan list length is 10, there will be two output triggers for scanning.
Page 83: Internal Scanning Example With Timer And Delay Options
Measurement Options 3-29 Figure 3-15 SHIFT-CONFIG Internal scanning TYPE:INT Note: "Factory setup" on the example with tim- MIN CHAN: 1 Model 2000 is assumed. MAX CHAN: 10 er and delay op- tions TIMER? RDG CNT: 0010 TIMER? ON 00H:00M:05.000S DELAY: MAN 00H:00M:05.000S...
Page 84: External Scanning
When using an external thermocouple scanner card and channel 1 as a reference, the Model 2000 only recognizes channel 1 when a step or scan is performed. If using a Model 7001 or 7002 to close channel 1 manually, the Model 2000 will not interpret...
Page 85: External Scanning Example With Model 7001
Measurement Options 3-31 Figure 3-16 Model 7001 Model 2000 External scanning (from "reset setup") (from "factory setup") example with Model 7001 SCAN CHANNELS 1!1-1!10 CONFIGURE SCAN CHAN-CONTROL CHANNEL-SPACING TRIGLINK ASYNCHRONOUS CHAN-COUNT SCAN-CONTROL SCAN-COUNT SHIFT-CONFIG TYPE:EXT MIN CHAN: 001 MAX CHAN: 010...
Page 86: System Operations
Section 2 — Basic Measurements. Selecting the remote interface and language is covered in Section 4 — Remote Operation. Self-test The TEST selections are used as diagnostic tools to isolate problems within the Model 2000. Information on using these test procedures is included in the optional Model 2000 Repair Man- ual.
Page 87 Remote Operation...
Page 88: Remote Operation
• Programming syntax • Common commands Selecting an interface The Model 2000 multimeter supports two built-in remote interfaces: • GPIB bus • RS-232 interface You can use only one interface at a time. The factory interface selection is the GPIB bus. You can select the interface only from the front panel.
Page 89: Gpib Bus
For more information about the RS-232 interface, see section RS-232 operation. GPIB bus The GPIB bus is the IEEE-488 interface. You must select a unique address for the Model 2000 multimeter. The address is displayed when the multimeter is turned on. At the factory, the ad- dress is set to 16.
Page 90: Selecting A Language
Remote Operation Selecting a language Choose one of three languages to program the Model 2000 multimeter: • SCPI (Signal Oriented Measurement Commands) • Keithley Models 196/199 Digital Multimeter • Fluke Model 8840A/8842A Digital Multimeter The factory sets the language selection as SCPI.
Page 91: Fluke Model 8840A/8842A Digital Multimeter
SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) is fully supported by the GPIB and RS-232 interfaces. Always calibrate the Model 2000 multimeter using the SCPI language. Keithley Models 196/199 Digital Multimeter The Model 2000 multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the Keithley Models 196/199 digital multimeter, except for the self-test and calibration commands.
Page 92: Rs-232 Operation
You can break data transmissions by sending a ^C or ^X character string to the multimeter. This clears any pending operation and discards any pending output. Selecting baud rate The baud rate is the rate at which the Model 2000 multimeter and the programming terminal communicate. Choose one these available rates: •...
Page 93: Setting Terminator
Selecting signal handshaking (ﬂow control) Signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to com- municate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data. The Model 2000 does not support hardware handshaking (ﬂow control).
Page 94: Rs-232 Connector Pinout
Remote Operation RS-232 connections The RS-232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller (i.e., personal com- puter) using a straight through RS-232 cable terminated with DB-9 connectors. Do not use a null modem cable. The serial port uses the transmit (TXD), receive (RXD) and signal ground (GND) lines of the RS-232 standard.
Page 95: Gpib Bus Operation And Reference
GPIB bus standards The GPIB bus is the IEEE-488 instrumentation data bus with hardware and programming standards originally adopted by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) in 1975. The Model 2000 multimeter conforms to these standards: • IEEE-488-1987.1 •...
Page 96: Ieee-488 Connector
4-10 Remote Operation GPIB bus connections To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the GPIB bus, use a cable equipped with standard IEEE-488 connectors as shown in Figure 4-2. Figure 4-2 IEEE-488 con- nector To allow many parallel connections to one instrument, stack the connector. Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that connections remain secure.
Page 97: Ieee-488 Connector Location
Remote Operation 4-11 To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the IEEE-488 bus, follow these steps: Line up the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel. The connector is designed so that it will ﬁt only one way. Figure 4-4 shows the location of the IEEE- 488 connector.
Page 98: Selecting The Primary Address
Remote Operation Selecting the primary address The Model 2000 multimeter ships from the factory with a GPIB address of 16. When the mul- timeter powers up, it momentarily displays the primary address. You can set the address to a val- ue of 0-30.
Page 99: About Program Fragments
A typical program fragment includes an OUTPUT command and an ENTER command. The OUTPUT command sends a program message (command string) to the Model 2000 multimeter. If the program message includes a query command, then the ENTER command is required to get the response message from the Model 2000 multimeter.
Page 100: General Bus Commands And Associated Statements
Serial Polls the Model 2000. REN (remote enable) The remote enable command is sent to the Model 2000 by the controller to set up the instru- ment for remote operation. Generally, the instrument should be placed in the remote mode be- fore you attempt to program it over the bus.
Page 101: Ifc (Interface Clear)
4-15 IFC (interface clear) The IFC command is sent by the controller to place the Model 2000 multimeter in the local, talker, listener idle states. The unit responds to the IFC command by canceling front panel TALK or LSTN lights, if the instrument was previously placed in one of those states.
Page 102: Dcl (Device Clear)
DCL command is not an addressed command, so all instruments equipped to implement DCL will do so simultaneously. When the Model 2000 multimeter receives a DCL command, it clears the Input Buffer and Output Queue, cancels deferred commands, and clears any command that prevents the process- ing of any other device command.
Page 103: Get (Group Execute Trigger)
SPE, SPD (serial polling) Use the serial polling sequence to obtain the Model 2000 serial poll byte. The serial poll byte contains important information about internal functions, (see “status structure”). Generally, the serial polling sequence is used by the controller to determine which of several instruments has requested service with the SRQ line.
Page 104: Front Panel Gpib Operation
IFC (Interface Clear) command. • LSTN — This indicator is on when the Model 2000 Multimeter is in the listener active state, which is activated by addressing the instrument to listen with the correct MLA (My Listen Address) command. LSTN is off when the unit is in the listener idle state. Place the unit in the listener idle state by sending UNL (Unlisten), addressing it to talk, or send- ing IFC (Interface Clear) command over the bus.
Page 105: Status Structure
4-19 Status structure See Figure 4-5 for the Model 2000 Multimeters status structure. Instrument events, such as errors, are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets. Notice that these status regis- ter sets feed directly into the Status Byte Register. More detailed illustrations of these register sets are provided by Figures 4-5 through 4-9.
Page 106: Condition Registers
4-20 Remote Operation Condition registers As Figure 4-5 shows, all status register sets have a condition register. A condition register is a real-time, read-only register that constantly updates to reﬂect the current operating conditions of the instrument. For example, while a measurement is being performed, bit B4 (Meas) of the Operation Condition Register is set.
Page 107: Measurement Event Enable Register
Remote Operation 4-21 Enable registers As Figure 4-5 shows, each status register set has an enable register. An enable register is pro- grammed by you and serves as a mask for the corresponding event register. An event bit is masked when the corresponding bit in the enable register is cleared (0). When masked, a set bit in an event register cannot set a bit in the Status Byte Register (1 AND 0 = 0).
Page 108: Standard Event Status
Enable Register (B15 - B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) (See Figure 4-10). Idle = Idle state of the 2000 & = Logical AND Trig = Triggering OR = Logical OR Meas = Measuring...
Page 109: Measurement Event Status
Remote Operation 4-23 Figure 4-8 BHF BAV Measurement Measurement (B15 - B12) (B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) Condition Register (B1) (B0) event status Measurement Event (B15 - B12) (B11) (B10) (B9) (B8) (B7) (B6) (B5) (B4) (B3) (B2) (B1) (B0) Register &...
Page 110: Output Queue
Queue is considered cleared when it is empty. An empty Output Queue clears the MAV bit in the Status Byte Register. Read a message from the Output Queue by addressing the Model 2000 multimeter to talk af- ter the appropriate query is sent.
Page 111: Status Byte And Service Request (Srq)
Remote Operation 4-25 Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ) Service request is controlled by two 8-bit registers: the Status Byte Register and the Service Request Enable Register. Figure 4-10 shows the structure of these registers. Figure 4-10 Status Summary Messages Status byte and service request Read by Serial Poll...
Page 112: Remote Operation
4-26 Remote Operation Status Byte Register The summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the ap- propriate bits (B0, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B7) of the Status Byte Register. These bits do not latch, and their states (0 or 1) are solely dependent on the summary messages (0 or 1).
Page 113 Remote Operation 4-27 Service request enable register This register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the Status Summary Message bits (B0, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B7) of the Status Byte Register. When masked, a set summary bit in the Status Byte Register cannot set bit B6 (MSS/RQS) of the Status Byte Register.
Page 114: Serial Poll And Srq
Typically, service requests (SRQs) are managed by the serial poll sequence of the Model 2000. If an SRQ does not occur, bit B6 (RQS) of the Status Byte Register will remain cleared and the program will simply proceed normally after the serial poll is performed.
Page 115: Trigger Model (Gpib Operation)
4-29 Trigger model (GPIB operation) This section describes how the Model 2000 Multimeter operates over the GPIB bus. The ﬂowchart in Figure 4-11 summarizes operation over the bus and is called the trigger model. It is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by SCPI commands from the Trigger subsystem (see Section 5 for more information).
Page 116: Idle And Initiate
IMMediate — Event detection is immediately satisﬁed allowing operation to continue. • MANual — Event detection is satisﬁed by pressing the TRIG key. The Model 2000 Mul- timeter must be in LOCAL mode for it to respond to the TRIG key. Press the LOCAL key or send LOCAL 16 over the bus to remove the instrument from the remote mode.
Page 117: Device Action (Trigger Model)
Remote Operation 4-31 Device Action — Figure 4-12 provides a detailed look at the device action. If the repeat ﬁlter is enabled, then the instrument samples the speciﬁed number of reading conversions to yield a single ﬁltered reading. If the moving ﬁlter is active, or ﬁlter is disabled, then only one reading conversion is performed.
Page 118: Programming Syntax
4-32 Remote Operation Programming syntax The information in this section covers syntax for both common commands and SCPI com- mands. For information not covered here, see the IEEE- 488.2 and SCPI standards. Command words Program messages are made up of one or more command words. Commands and command parameters Common commands and SCPI commands may or may not use a parameter.
Page 119 Remote Operation 4-33 • Parameter types: The following are some of the more common parameter types: Boolean: Used to enable or disable an instrument operation. 0 or OFF dis- ables the operation, and 1 or ON enables the operation. Example: :CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO ON Enable auto ranging <name>...
Page 120: Query Commands
4-34 Remote Operation Query commands This type of command requests (queries) the currently programmed status. It is identiﬁed by the question mark (?) at the end of the fundamental form of the command. Most commands have a query form, Example: :TRIGger:TIMer? Queries the timer interval.
Page 121: Short-Form Rules
Remote Operation 4-35 Short-form rules Use the following rules to determine the short-form version of any SCPI command: • If the length of the command word is four letters or less, no short form version exists. Example: :auto = :auto •...
Page 122: Program Messages
4-36 Remote Operation Program messages A program message is made up of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument. Each common command is simply a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk (*). SCPI commands are categorized in the :STATus subsystem and are used to help explain how command words are structured to formulate program messages.
Page 123: Command Path Rules
Remote Operation 4-37 Command path rules • Each new program message must begin with the root command, unless it is optional (e.g., [:SENSe]). If the root is optional, simply treat a command word on the next level as the root. •...
Page 124: Response Messages
“Multiple Command Messages”), the multiple response messages for all the queries is sent to the computer when the Model 2000 is addressed to talk. The responses are sent in the order that the query commands were sent and are separated by semicolons (;). Items within the same query are separated by commas (,).
Page 125: Common Commands
Returns an ID code that indicates which memory option is installed and whether or not the optional scanner card is installed. *RCL <NRf> Recall command Returns the Model 2000 to the setup conﬁgu- ration stored in the speciﬁed memory loca- tion. *RST Reset command Returned the Model 2000 to the *RST default conditions.
Page 126 Remote Operation *CLS — Clear Status Clear status registers and error queue Description Use the *CLS command to clear (reset to 0) the bits of the following registers in the Model 2000: • Standard Event Register • Operation Even Register •...
Page 127: Standard Event Enable Register
Remote Operation 4-41 The Standard Event Enable Register is shown in Figure 4-13 and includes the decimal weight of each bit. The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to be set is the parameter value that is sent with the *ESE command. For example, to set the CME and QYE bits of the Standard Event Enable Register, send the following command: *ESE 36 Where: CME (bit B5) = Decimal...
Page 128 Bit B6, User Request (URQ) — A set bit indicates that the LOCAL key on the Model 2000 front panel was pressed. • Bit B7, Power ON (PON) — A set bit indicates that the Model 2000 has been turned off and turned back on since the last time this register has been read.
Page 129: Idn? — Identiﬁcation Query
Description The identiﬁcation code includes the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and ﬁrm- ware revision levels, and is sent in the following format: KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC., MODEL 2000, xxxxxxx, yyyyy/zzzzz Where: xxxxxxx is the serial number yyyyy/zzzzz is the ﬁrmware revision levels of the digital board ROM and display...
Page 130: Standard Event Status Register
Description On power-up or when the *CLS or *RST is executed, the Model 2000 goes into the Operation Complete Command Idle State (OCIS). In this state, no pending overlapped commands exist. The Model 2000 has three overlapped commands: •...
Page 131 'Wait two seconds GOSUB ReadRegister 'Read register to show that OPC is not set PRINT #1, "output 16; :abort" 'Place 2000 back in idle GOSUB ReadRegister 'Read register to show that OPC is now set ReadRegister: PRINT #1, "output 16; *esr?"...
Page 132 When used with the :INITiate or :INITiate:CONTinuous ON command, an ASCII “1” will not be sent to the Output Queue and the MAV bit will not set until the Model 2000 goes back into the idle state. The initiate operations are not considered ﬁnished until the instrument goes into the idle state.
Page 133 Parameters <NRf>=0 Description Use this command to return the Model 2000 to the conﬁguration stored in memory. The *SAV command is used to store the setup conﬁguration in memory location. Only one setup conﬁguration can be saved and recalled. The Model 2000 ships from the factory with :SYSTen:PRESet defaults loaded into the avail- able setup memory.
Page 134 *RST — RESET Return 2000 to *RST defaults Description When the *RST command is sent, the Model 2000 performs the following operations: Returns the Model 2000 to the *RST default conditions (see SCPI tables). Cancels all pending commands. Cancels response to any previously received *OPC and *OPC? commands.
Page 135: Service Request Enable Register
Remote Operation 4-49 sponding bit in the Status Byte Register is set by an appropriate event. For more information on register structure, see the information presented earlier in this section. The Service Request Enable Register is shown in Figure 4-15. Notice that the decimal weight of each bit is included in the illustration.
Page 136 • Bit 4, Message Available (MAV)-A set bit indicates that a message is present in the Out- put Queue. The message is sent to the computer when the Model 2000 is addressed to talk. • Bit 5, Event Summary Bit (ESB)-A set bit indicates that an enabled standard event has occurred.
Page 137 Use this query command to perform a checksum test on ROM. The command places the cod- ed result (0 or 1) in the Output Queue. When the Model 2000 is addressed to talk, the coded re- sult is sent from the Output Queue to the computer.
Page 138 The :INITiate commands remove the Model 2000 from the idle state. The device operations of :INITiate are not considered complete until the Model 2000 returns to idle. By sending the *WAI command after the :INITiate command, all subsequent commands will not execute until the Model 2000 goes back into idle.
Page 139 SCPI Command Reference...
Page 140: Scpi Command Reference
SCPI Command Reference This section contains reference information on programming the Model 2000 with the SCPI commands. It is organized as follows: SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands — Covers the signal oriented measure- ment commands. These commands are used to acquire readings.
Page 141: Scpi Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
“one-shot” measurement mode. You then use the :READ? command to trig- ger a measurement and acquire a reading (see :READ?). When this command is sent, the Model 2000 will be conﬁgured as follows: • The function speciﬁed by this command is selected.
Page 142: Fetch? Command
Description This query command requests the latest post- processed reading. After send- ing this command and addressing the Model 2000 to talk, the reading is sent to the computer. This command does not affect the instrument setup. This command does not trigger a measurement. The command simply re- quests the last available reading.
Page 143: Read? Command
SCPI Command Reference READ? command :READ? Description Typically, this command is used with the instrument in the “one-shot” mea- surement mode to trigger and acquire a speciﬁed number of readings. The :SAMPle:COUNt command is used to specify the number of readings (see Trigger Subsystem).
Page 144: Measure Command
SCPI Command Reference MEASure command :MEASure[:<function>]? <function> = CURRent:AC AC current CURRent[:DC] DC current VOLTage:AC AC voltage VOLTage[:DC] DC voltage RESistance 2-wire resistance FRESistance 4-wire resistance PERiod Period FREQuency Frequency TEMPerature Temperature DIODe Diode testing CONTinuity Continuity test Description This command combines all of the other signal oriented measurement com- mands to perform a “one-shot”...
Page 145: Scpi Command Subsystems Reference Tables
SCPI Command Reference SCPI command subsystems reference tables Tables 5-2 through 5-11 summarize the commands for each SCPI subsystem. The following list includes the SCPI subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized. CALCulate command summary (Table 5-2) DISPlay command summary (Table 5-3) FORMat command summary (Table 5-4) ROUTe command summary (Table 5-5)
Page 146: Scpi Command Reference
SCPI Command Reference Table 5-2 CALCulate command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :CALCulate[1] Subsystem to control CALC 1: :FORMat <name> Select math format (NONE, MXB, PERCent). PERCent :FORMat? Query math format. :KMATh Path to conﬁgure math calculations: :MMFactor <NRf> Set “m”...
Page 147 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-3 DISPlay command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :DISPlay [:WINDow[1]] :TEXT Path to control user text messages. (Note 1) :DATA <a> Deﬁne ASCII message “a” (up to 12 characters). :DATA? Query text message. :STATe Enable or disable message mode.
Page 148: Sense Command Summary
5-10 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-5 ROUTe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter ROUTe Commands to control scanner card: :CLOSe <chan num> Close speciﬁed channel (1 to 10) or channel pair (1 to 5). :STATe? Query closed channel (or channel pair). :OPEN:ALL Open all input channels (1 through 10).
Page 149 SCPI Command Reference 5-11 Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :CURRent:AC Path to conﬁgure AC current. :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. :RANGe Path to conﬁgure measurement range: [:UPPer] <n>...
Page 150 5-12 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :VOLTage:AC Path to conﬁgure AC voltage. :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. :RANGe Path to conﬁgure measurement range: [:UPPer] <n>...
Page 151 SCPI Command Reference 5-13 Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :RESistance Path to conﬁgure resistance: :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. :RANGe Path to conﬁgure measurement range: [:UPPer] <n>...
Page 152 5-14 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :TEMPerature Path to conﬁgure temperature: :NPLCycles <n> Set integration rate (line cycles; 0.01 to 10). :NPLCycles? Query line cycle integration rate. :REFerence <n> Specify reference; -200 to 1372 :STATe ...
Page 153 SCPI Command Reference 5-15 Table 5-6(cont.) SENSe command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :PERiod Path to conﬁgure period. :APERture Sets gate time for period measurements (0.01-1.0s). :APERture? Query period gate time. :THReshold Path to select the threshold voltage range: :VOLTage :RANGe <n>...
Page 154 5-16 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-7 STATus command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :STATus (Note 1) :MEASurement Path to control measurement event registers: [:EVENt]? Read the event register. (Note 2) :ENABle <NRf> Program the enable register. (Note 3) :ENABle? Read the enable register.
Page 155 [:STATe] Enable or disable beeper. [:STATe]? Query state of beeper. :LOCal Take 2000 out of remote and restore operation of front panel controls (RS-232 only). :REMote Place 2000 in remote (RS-232 only). :RWLock Lockout front panel controls (RS-232 only).
Page 156 5-18 SCPI Command Reference Table 5-10 Trigger command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :INITiate Subsystem command path: [:IMMediate] Initiate one trigger cycle. :CONTinuous Enable or disable continuous initiation. (Note 1) :CONTinuous? Query continuous initiation. :ABORt Reset trigger system. :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]] Path to program Trigger Layer: :COUNt <n>...
Page 157: Unit Command Summary
SCPI Command Reference 5-19 Table 5-11 UNIT command summary Default Command Description SCPI parameter :UNIT :TEMPerature <name> Select temperature measurement units (C, F, or K). :TEMPerature? Query temperature units. :VOLTage Path to conﬁgure voltage units. :AC <name> Select ACV measurement units (V, DB or DBM). Path to set DB reference voltage.
Page 158: Calculate Subsystem
5-20 SCPI Command Reference Calculate subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to conﬁgure and control the Cal- culate subsystems and are summarized in Table 5-2. :CALCulate[1] These commands are used to conﬁgure and control the MXB (polynomial) and percent math calculations. Detailed information on math calculations is provided in Section 2.
Page 159 SCPI Command Reference 5-21 :MUNits :CALCulate [1]:KMATh:MUNits <name> Specify units for mx+b Parameter <name> = 3 characters using ‘A’ through ‘Z’ Query :MUNits? Query units for mx+b Description This command is used to specify the units data element for the mx+b calcu- lation.
Page 160 5-22 SCPI Command Reference :CALCulate2 These commands are used to conﬁgure and control the CALC2 operations on readings stored in the buffer. :FORMat <name> CALCulate2:FORMat <name> Specify CALC2 format Parameters <name> = NONE No calculations MEAN Mean value of readings in buffer SDEViation Standard deviation of readings in buffer MAXimum Largest reading in buffer MINimum...
Page 161 CALC2 is enabled: PRINT #1, “output 02; :calc2:form max” ‘ Select format PRINT #1, “output 02; :calc2:imm?” ‘ Perform math and query result PRINT #1, “enter 02” ‘ Get response from 2000 :DATA? :CALCulate2:DATA? Read CALC2 result Description This query command is used to read the result of the CALC2 calculation. If...
Page 162 5-24 SCPI Command Reference :CALCulate3 These commands are used to conﬁgure and control the CALC3 limit test. [:DATA] <n> :CALCulate3:LIMit [1]:UPPer[:DATA] <n> Specify upper limit1 :CALCulate3:LIMit [1]:LOWEer[:DATA] <n> Specify lower limit Parameters <n> = -100e6 to 100e6 Specify limit value DEFault Set speciﬁed upper limit to 1 Set speciﬁed lower limit to -1...
Page 163 Note that sending the :IMMediate command does not initiate a reading conversion. Program PRINT #1, “output 16;:trig:sour bus” ‘ Place 2000 in one-shot mode SLEEP 3 ‘ Wait three seconds PRINT #1, “output 16;:calc:imm...
Page 164: Display Subsystem
All front panel controls (except LOCAL) are disabled. Normal display op- eration can be resumed by using the :ENABle command to enable the display or by putting the Model 2000 into local mode (press LOCAL). :TEXT commands :DATA <a>...
Page 165 SCPI Command Reference 5-27 :STATe :DISPlay[WINDow[1]]:TEXT:STATe Control (on/off) message Parameters = 0 or OFF Disable text message 1 or ON Enable text message Query :STATe? Query state of message mode. Description This command enables and disables the text message mode. When enabled, a deﬁned message is displayed.
Page 166: Format Subsystem
5-28 SCPI Command Reference :FORMat subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for trans- ferring instrument readings over the bus. The BORDer command and DATA command only affect readings transferred from the buffer. (i. e. SENSE:DA- TA? or CALC:DATA? are always sent in ASCII.) These commands are sum- marized in Table 5-4.
Page 167: Ieee754 Single Precision Data Format (32 Data Bits)
SCPI Command Reference 5-29 SREAL will select the binary IEEE754 single precision data format. Figure 5-2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element. For example, if three valid elements are speciﬁed, the data string for each reading conver- sion is made up of three 32-bit data blocks.
Page 168: Border Command
5-30 SCPI Command Reference :BORDer command :BORDer <name> :FORMat:BORDer <name> Specify binary byte order Parameters <name> = NORMal Normal byte order for binary formats SWAPped Reverse byte order for binary formats Query :BORDer? Query byte order Description This command is used to control the byte order for the IEEE754 binary for- mats.
Page 169: Elements Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-31 :ELEMents command :ELEMents <item list> :FORMat:ELEMents <item list> Parameters <item list>: READing Includes reading in data string CHANnel Includes channel number UNITs Includes units NOTE: Each item in the list must be separated by a comma (,). Query :ELEMents? Query elements in data string...
Page 170: Route Subsystem
5-32 SCPI Command Reference ROUTe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to conﬁgure and control switching and are summarized in Table 5-5. Single channel (or channel pair) control Like operation from the front panel, the following commands let you close a single channel (or channel pair for 4-pole operation) on an internal scanner card.
Page 171: Multiple Channel Control
SCPI Command Reference 5-33 :CLOSe:STATe? :ROUTe:CLOSe:STATe? Query closed channel or channel pair Description The response message for this query command indicates the channel (or channel pair) that has been closed on the internal scanner card using the :rout:close <chan num> command (or channels closed from the front panel). Note that for 4-pole operation, the paired channel is not included in the re- sponse message.
Page 172 5-34 SCPI Command Reference Pole mode is not affected by the selected measurement function. Instead, it is selected by controlling channel 11, which is the 2-pole/4-pole relay. Closing channel 11 selects the 2-pole mode. When channel 11 is open, the 4-pole mode is selected.
Page 173: Scan Commands
Query programmed scan list Description The Model 2000 can operate with an external switch system, such as the Kei- thley Model 7001 or 7002. The Model 2000 can measure up to 800 channels that are switched by the external switching system. This command is used to deﬁne the external scan list.
Page 174 Query scan operation Description This command is used to select and perform the desired scan operation. When INTernal is selected, the Model 2000 scans the channels of the internal switching card according to how the scan is conﬁgured (see :SCAN[:INTer- nal]).
Page 175: [Sense[1]] Subsystem
[SENSe[1]] subsystem The Sense 1 Subsystem is used to conﬁgure and control the measurement functions of the Model 2000. A function does not have to be selected before you program its various conﬁgurations. A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed.
Page 176: Data Command
5-38 SCPI Command Reference :DATA command :DATA? [:SENSe[1]]:DATA? Return reading. Description This query command is used to read the latest instrument reading. This com- mand returns the “raw” reading or a reading that is the result of the Reference (REL from the front panel) operation. For example, if a reference value of 1.0 is established, the reading returned by this command is the “raw”...
Page 177: Hold Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-39 :HOLD Command The following commands are used to conﬁgure and control the Hold feature. For details on Hold, refer to “Trigger Model, Device Action” in this section and “Hold” in Section 3. :WINDow <NRf> [:SENSe[1]]:HOLD:WINDow <NRf><name> Set Hold window Parameter <NRf>...
Page 178: Speed Commands
5-40 SCPI Command Reference Speed Commands :NPLCycles <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRen[:DC]:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for DCV [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for 2 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:NPLCycles <n> Set NPLC for 4 [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:NPLCycles <n>...
Page 179: Range Commands
This command is used to manually select the measurement range for the specifed measurement function. The range is selected by specifying the ex- pected reading as an absolute value. The Model 2000 will then go to the most sensitive range that will accommodate that expected reading. For example, if you expect a reading of approximately 50mV, simply let the parameter (<n>) = 0.05 (or 50e-3) in order to select the 100mV range.
Page 180 5-42 SCPI Command Reference :AUTO [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for DCV [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:RANGe:AUTO Control auto range for 2 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO ...
Page 181: Reference Commands
SCPI Command Reference 5-43 :REFerence <n> commands :REFerence <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:REFerence <n> Specify reference for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:REFerence <n> Specify reference for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:REFerence <n> Specify reference for ACV :SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:REFerence <n> Specify reference for DCV [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:REFerence <n> Specify reference for 2 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:REFerence <n> Specify reference for 4 [:SENSe[1]]:FREQuency:REFerence <n>...
Page 182 5-44 SCPI Command Reference :STATe [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:REFerence:STATe Control reference for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:REFerence:STATe Control reference for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:REFerence:STATe Control reference for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:REFerence:STATe Control reference for DCV [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:REFerence:STATe Control reference for 2 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:REFerence:STATe Control reference for 4 [:SENSe[1]]:FREQuency:REFerence:STATe ...
Page 183: Digits Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-45 :DIGits command :DIGits <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:DC:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:DC:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for DCV [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for 2 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:DIGits <n> Specify resolution for 4 [:SENSe[1]]:PERiod:DIGits <n>...
Page 184: Average Commands
5-46 SCPI Command Reference :AVERage commands The :AVERage commands are used to conﬁgure and control the ﬁlter. The Filter is explained in Section 3. :STATe [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:AVERage:STATe Control ﬁlter for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:AVERage:STATe Control ﬁlter for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:AVERage:STATe Control ﬁlter for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:AVERage:STATe ...
Page 185 SCPI Command Reference 5-47 :COUNt <n> [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent:AC:AVERage:COUNt <n> Specify ﬁlter count for ACI [:SENSe[1]]:CURRent[:DC]:AVERage:COUNt <n> Specify ﬁlter for DCI [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage:AC:AVERage:COUNt <n> Specify ﬁlter count for ACV [:SENSe[1]]:VOLTage[:DC]:AVERage:COUNt <n> Specify ﬁlter count for DCV [:SENSe[1]]:RESistance:AVERage:COUNt <n> Specify ﬁlter count for 2 [:SENSe[1]]:FRESistance:AVERage:COUNt <n>...
Page 186: Bandwidth Command
BANDwidth? Query selected bandwidth Description The Model 2000 uses three bandwidth settings for ACI and ACV measure- ments; 3 (3Hz-300kHz), 30 (30Hz-300kHz) and 300 (300Hz-300kHz). To achieve best accuracy, you should use the bandwidth setting that best reﬂects the frequency of the input signal. For example, if the input signal is 40Hz, then a bandwidth setting of 30 should be used.
Page 187: Thermocouple Commands
:TYPE? Query thermocouple type Description This command is used to conﬁgure the Model 2000 for the thermocouple type that you are using to make temperature measurements. These commands are used to conﬁgure the reference junction for thermocou- ple temperature measurements.
Page 188 5-50 SCPI Command Reference :SIMulated <n> [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:TCouple:RJUNction[1]:SIMulated <n> Parameters <n> = 0 to 50 Specify temperature in °C 32 to 122 Specify temperature in °F 273 to 323 Specify temperture in K DEFault 23°C, 73.4°F, 296K MINimum 0°C, 32°F, 273K MAXimum 50°C, 122°F, 323K Query :SIMulated?
Page 189: Diode Command
SCPI Command Reference 5-51 :REAL:OFFSet <n> [:SENSe[1]]:TEMPerature:TCouple:RJUNction[1]:REAL:OFFSET <n> Parameters <n> = -0.09999 to 0.09999 Specify voltage offset at 0°C DEFault 0.05463 MINimum -0.09999 MAXimum 0.09999 Query :OFFSet? Query voltage offset :OFFSet? DEFault Query *RST default voltage offset :OFFSet? MINimum Query lowest allowable voltage offset :OFFSet? MAXimum Query largest allowable voltage offset Description This command is used to specify the offset voltage at 0°C for the speciﬁed...
Page 190: Status Subsystem
Description These query commands are used to read the event registers. After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 2000 to talk, a decimal val- ue is sent to the computer. The binary equivalent of this value determines which bits in the appropriate register are set.
Page 191: Measurement Event Register
SCPI Command Reference 5-53 Measurement Event Register: Bit B0, Reading Overﬂow (ROF) — Set bit indicates that the reading ex- ceeds the measurement range of the instrument. Bit B1, Low Limit (LL) — Set bit indicates that the reading is less than the Low Limit 1 setting.
Page 192: Questionable Event Register
5-54 SCPI Command Reference Questionable Event Register: Bits B0 through B3 — Not used. Bit B4, Temperature Summary (Temp) — Set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temperature measurements. Bits B5, B6 and B7 — Not used. Bit B8, Calibration Summary (Cal) —...
Page 193: Operation Event Register
Idle Trig Meas Decimal 1024 Weighting (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) Value Events : Idle = Idle state of the 2000 Value : 1 = Operation Event Set Trig = Triggering 0 = Operation Event Cleared Meas = Measuring...
Page 194: Enable Command
5-56 SCPI Command Reference :ENABle command :ENABle <Nrf> :STATus:MEASurement:ENABle <NRf> Program Measurement Event Enable Register :STATus:QUEStionable:ENABle <NRf> Program Questionable Event Enable Register :STATus:OPERation:ENABle <NRf> Program Operation Event Enable Register Parameters <NRf> = 0 Clear register <NRf> = 128 Set bit B7 Set bit B0 Set bit B8 Set bit B1...
Page 195: Operation Event Enable Register
Trig Meas Decimal Weighting 1024 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) Value Value : 1 = Enable Operation Event Events : Idle = Idle state of the 2000 0 = Disable (Mask) Operation Event Trig = Triggering Meas = Measuring...
Page 196: Condition? Command
See [:EVENt] for register bit descriptions. After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 2000 to talk, a decimal value is sent to the computer. The binary equivalent of this decimal value indicates which bits in the register are set.
Page 197: Queue Commands
SCPI deﬁned messages, and positive (+) numbers are used for Keithley deﬁned messages. The messages are listed in Appendix B. After this command is sent and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk, the “old- est” message in the queue is sent to the computer.
Page 198 5-60 SCPI Command Reference :ENABle <list> :STATus:QUEue:ENABle <list> Enable messages for Error Queue Parameter <list> = (numlist) where numlist is a speciﬁed list of messages that you wish to enable for the Error Queue. Query :ENABle? Query list of enabled messages Description On power-up, all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur.
Page 199: System Subsystem
SCPI Command Reference 5-61 :SYSTem subsystem The SYSTem subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summa- rized in Table 5-8. :BEEPer command [:STATe] :BEEPer[:STATe] Enable or disable beeper Parameters = 1 or ON Enable beeper 0 or OFF Disable beeper Query [:STATe]? Query state of beeper...
Page 200: Posetup Command
5-62 SCPI Command Reference :POSetup <name> command :POSetup <name> :SYSTem:POSetup <name> Program power-on defaults Parameters <name> = RST Select *RST defaults on power up PRESet Select :SYSTem:PRESet defaults on power up SAV0 Select saved defaults on power up Query :POSetup? Query power-on setup Description This command is used to select the power-on defaults.
Page 201: Version? Command
:SYSTem:VERSion? Read SCPI version Description This query command is used to read the version of the SCPI standard being used by the Model 2000. Example code: 1991.0 The above response message indicates the version of the SCPI standard. :ERRor? command...
Page 202: Azero Commands
When disabled, speed is increased at the expense of accuracy. Important Note: Before you can enable or disable auto-zero, the Model 2000 must ﬁrst be in the idle state. The Model 2000 can be placed in the idle state by ﬁrst disabling continuous initiation (:INITiate:CONTinuous OFF), and then sending the :ABORt command.
Page 203: Key Command
The queue for the :KEY? query command can only hold one key-press. When :KEY? is sent over the bus, and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk, the key-press code number for the last key pressed (either physically or with...
Page 204: Key-Press Codes
CH10 MATH TALK REAR LSTN SHIFT 350V 1100V TIMER HOLD TRIG FAST SLOW FILT AUTO BUFFER STAT PEAK PEAK 2000 MULTIMETER 500V MX+B CONT PERIOD TCOUPL PEAK INPUTS SHIFT FREQ TEMP RANGE DELAY HOLD LIMITS ON/OFF TEST LOCAL AUTO FRONT/REAR...
Page 205: Line Frequency Query
However, the user may wish to lock out front keys during RS-232 communications (see :RWLock). This action command isu sed to take the Model 2000 out of the remote state and enables the operation of front panel keys. Note that this command can only be sent over the RS-232 interface.
Page 206: Trace Subsystem
Description This command is used to read the status of storage memory. After sending this command and addressing the Model 2000 to talk, two values separated by commas are sent to the computer. The ﬁrst value indicates how many bytes of memory are available, and the second value indicates how many bytes are reserved to store readings.
Page 207: Feed Command
Send buffer readings Description When this command is sent and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk, all the readings stored in the buffer are sent to the computer. The format that read- ings are sent over the bus is controlled by the :FORMat subsystem.
Page 208: Trigger Subsystem
Take 2000 out of idle state Description This command takes the Model 2000 out of the idle state. After all pro- grammed operations are completed, the instrument returns to the idle state if continuous initiation is disabled; (see next command).
Page 209: Trigger Commands
SCPI Command Reference 5-71 :TRIGger commands :COUNt <n> :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:COUNt <n> Set measure count Parameters <n> = 1 to 9999 Specify count Sets count to inﬁnite DEFault Sets count to 1 MINimum Sets count to 1 MAXimum Sets count to 9999 Query :COUNt? Queries programmed count...
Page 210 5-72 SCPI Command Reference :DELay <n> :TRIGger[:SEQuence[1]]:DELay <n> Set trigger model delay Parameters <n> = 0 to 999999.999 Specify delay in seconds DEFault 0 second delay MINimum 0 second delay MAXimum 999999.999 second delay Query :DELay? Query the programmed delay :DELay? DEFault Query the *RST default delay :DELay? MINimum...
Page 211 SCPI Command Reference 5-73 :TIMer <n> :TRIGger:[SEQuence[1]]:TIMer <n> Set interval for measure layer timer Parameters <n> = 0.001 to 999999.999 Specify timer interval in seconds Query :TIMer? Query programmed timer interval Description These commands are used to set the interval for the timer. Note that the timer is in effect only if the timer is the selected control source.
Page 212: Unit Subsystem
5-74 SCPI Command Reference :UNIT subsystem The UNIT subsystem is used to conﬁgure and control the measurement units for TEMP, ACV, and DCV, and is summarized in Table 5-11. :TEMPerature command :TEMPerature <name> :UNIT:TEMPerature <name> Specify TEMP units Parameters <name> = C or CEL °C temperature units F or FAR...
Page 213 SCPI Command Reference 5-75 :DB:REFerence <n> :UNIT:VOLTage:AC:DB:REFerence <n> Specify dBm reference Parameter <n> = le-7 to 1000 Specify reference in volts Query :REFerence? Description This command is used to specify the dB reference level. When DB units is selected (:VOLTage:AC: DB), ACV db measurements are made using the speciﬁed dB reference level.
Page 214 5-76 SCPI Command Reference :DB:REFerence <n> :UNIT:VOLTage[:DC]:DB:REFerence <n> Specify dBm reference Parameter <n> = 1e-7 to 1000 Specify reference in volts Query :REFerence? Description This command is used to specify the dB reference level. When DB units is selected (:VOLTage[:DC]:DB), DCV dB measurements are made using the speciﬁed dB reference level.
Page 215 Speciﬁcations...
Page 216 2000 6½-Digit Multimeter Specifications DC CHARACTERISTICS CONDITIONS: MED (1 PLC) or SLOW (10 PLC) ACCURACY: ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) or MED (1 PLC) with filter of 10 (ppm = parts per million) (e.g., 10ppm = 0.001%) Temperature...
Page 217 AUTORANGE TIME Speeds include measurement and binary data transfer out the ASCII READINGS TO RS-232 (19.2k BAUD): 55/s. GPIB. MAX. INTERNAL TRIGGER RATE: 2000/s. Auto zero off. MAX. EXTERNAL TRIGGER RATE: 500/s. Sample count = 1024, auto zero off. Auto zero off, NPLC = 0.01.
Page 218 2000 6½-Digit Multimeter Specifications TRUE RMS AC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS ACCURACY : ±(% of reading + % of range), 23°C ±5 °C Voltage Range Resolution Calibration Cycle 3 Hz-10 Hz 10 Hz-20 kHz 20 kHz-50 kHz 50 kHz-100 kHz 100 kHz-300 kHz 100.0000 mV...
Page 219: Frequency And Period Characteristics
2000 6½-Digit Multimeter Specifications 1, 2 FREQUENCY AND PERIOD CHARACTERISTICS Resolution Accuracy ACV Range Frequency Range Period Range Gate Time ±(ppm of reading) 90 Day/1 Year ±(%of reading) 100 mV 3 Hz 333 ms (SLOW) 0.01 750 V 500 kHz 2 µs...
Page 220: Math Functions
2000 6½-Digit Multimeter Specifications GENERAL TRIGGERING AND MEMORY POWER SUPPLY: 100V / 120V / 220V / 240V ±10%. READING HOLD SENSITIVITY: 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, or 10% of reading. LINE FREQUENCY: 45Hz to 66Hz and 360Hz to TRIGGER DELAY: 0 to 99 hrs (1ms step size).
Page 221: Accuracy Calculations
Specifications Accuracy calculations The information below discusses how to calculate accuracy for both DC and AC characteris- tics. Calculating DC characteristics accuracy DC characteristics accuracy is calculated as follows: Accuracy = ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range) (ppm = parts per million, and 10ppm = 0.001%) As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits, assume that you are measuring 5V on the 10V range.
Page 222: Calculating Dbm Characteristics Accuracy
Specifications Calculating dBm characteristics accuracy As an example of how to calculate the actual reading limits for a 13dBm measurement with a reference impedance of 50 , assume an applied signal 0.998815V. The relationship between voltage and dBm is as follows: dBm = 10 log --------------------------- - From the previous example on calculating DC characteristics accuracy, it can be shown that...
Page 223: Calculating Db Characteristics Accuracy
Specifications Calculating dB characteristics accuracy The relationship between voltage and dB is as follows: dB = 20 log -------------- - As an example of how to calculate the actual readings limits for dB, with a user-deﬁned V of 10V, you must calculate the voltage accuracy and apply it to above equation. To calculate a -60dB measurement, assume 10mVRMS for a V of 10V.
Page 224: Optimizing Measurement Accuracy
A-10 Specifications Optimizing measurement accuracy The conﬁgurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. DC voltage, DC current, and resistance: • Select 6 digits, 10 PLC, ﬁlter ON (up to 100 readings), ﬁxed range. • Use REL on DC voltage and 2-wire resistance measurements. •...
Page 225: Optimizing Measurement Speed
Specifications A-11 Optimizing measurement speed The conﬁgurations listed below assume that the multimeter has had factory setups restored. DC voltage, DC current, and resistance: Select 3 digits, 0.01 PLC, ﬁlter OFF, ﬁxed range. AC voltage and AC current: Select 3 digits, 0.01 PLC, ﬁlter OFF, ﬁxed range.
Page 226 A-12 Specifications...
Page 227: Status And Error Messages
Status and Error Messages...
Page 228: Status And Error Messages
Status and Error Messages Table B-1 Status and error messages Number Description Event -440 Query unterminated after indeﬁnite response -430 Query deadlocked -420 Query unterminated -410 Query interrupted -363 Input buffer overrun -350 Queue overﬂow -330 Self-test failed -314 Save/recall memory lost -315 Conﬁguration memory lost -285...
Page 229 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 Status and error messages Number Description Event -148 Character data not allowed -144 Character data too long -141 Invalid character data -140 Character data error -128 Numeric data not allowed -124 Too many digits -123 Exponent too large -121...
Page 230 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 Status and error messages Number Description Event +308 Buffer available +309 Buffer half full +310 Buffer full +311 Buffer overﬂow Calibration messages: +400 10 vdc zero error +401 100 vdc zero error +402 10 vdc full scale error +403 -10 vdc full scale error +404...
Page 231 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 Status and error messages Number Description Event +459 10 vac zero error +460 10 vac full scale error +461 10 vac noise error +462 100 vac zero error +463 100 vac full scale error +464 750 vac zero error +465...
Page 232 Status and Error Messages Table B-1 Status and error messages Number Description Event +956 DDC Maximum Channel is 8 +957 DDC Calibration Locked +958 DDC Conﬂict Error +959 DDC No Remote Error +960 DDC Mode IDDC Error +961 DDC Mode IDDCO Error Keithley 199 Serial Poll Byte Events: +962 DDC Ready...
Page 233 Example Programs...
Page 234: C Example Programs
Example Programs Program examples All examples presume QuickBASIC version 4.5 or higher and a CEC IEEE-488 interface card with CEC driver version 2.11 or higher, with the Model 2000 at address 16 on the IEEE- 488 bus. Changing function and range The Model 2000 has independent controls for each of its measurement functions.
Page 235 Example Programs 'Example program to demonstrate changing function and range, 'taking readings on various functions 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card 'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi' 'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0) 'Reset the SENSe1 subsystem settings, along with the trigger 'model, each READ? will cause one trigger...
Page 236 TRIGger Model 2000 for triggers. The following program sets up the Model 2000 to take one reading each time it receives an external trigger pulse. 'Example program to demonstrate one-shot external triggering 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card...
Page 237: Generating Srq On Buffer Full
When your program must wait until the Model 2000 has completed an operation, it is more efﬁcient to program the 2000 to assert the IEEE-488 SRQ line when it is ﬁnished, rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument. An IEEE-488 controller will typically address the in- strument to talk, then unaddress it, each time it performs a serial poll.
Page 238: Storing Readings In Buffer
TRACe:FEED:CONTrol NEXT The following example program sets up the Model 2000 to take 20 readings as fast as it can into the buffer, then reads the data back after the buffer has ﬁlled.
Page 239 'TRACe subsystem is not affected by *RST CALL SEND(16, "trac:poin 20", status%) CALL SEND(16, "trac:feed sens1;feed:cont next", status%) 'Start everything CALL SEND(16, "init", status%) 'Initialize reading$ while the 2000 is busy taking readings reading$ = SPACE$(4000) WaitSRQ: IF (NOT(srq%)) THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL(16, poll%, status%) IF (poll% AND 64)=0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SEND(16, "stat:meas?", status%)
Page 240: Taking Readings With The Scanner Card
Example Programs Taking readings with the scanner card The Model 2000-SCAN is an optional 10-channel scanner card for the Model 2000 Multim- eter. Only one channel can be closed at a time. If you close a channel while another is already closed, the ﬁrst one opens with break-before-make operation.
Page 241 Example Programs 'Example program to demonstrate taking readings on different 'scanner channels 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card 'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi' 'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0) 'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems 'and put trigger model in IDLE state, set function to DCV...
Page 242 1, 2 and 3. The meter takes ten sets of readings, with each set spaced 15 seconds apart, and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible. The Model 2000 stores the readings in the buffer, and asserts SRQ when the buffer is full. The program waits for the SRQ, then reads the readings from the buffer.
Page 243 ' now the buffer is armed CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan (@1:3)", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan:lsel int", status%) 'Start everything CALL SEND(16, "init", status%) 'Initialize reading$ while the 2000 is busy taking readings reading$ = SPACE$(2500) WaitSRQ: IF (NOT(srq%)) THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL(16, poll%, status%) IF (poll% AND 64)=0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SEND(16, "stat:meas", status%)
Page 244 This example program illustrates the use of the Keithley Model 2000 DMM interfaced to the RS-232 COM2 port. The Model 2000 is setup to take 100 readings at the fastest possible rate (2000 per second). The readings are taken, sent across the serial port, and displayed on the screen.
Page 245 Example Programs C-13 PRINT #1, “*CLS” ‘ Clear Model 2000 PRINT #1, “:INIT:CONT OFF;:ABORT” ‘ Init off PRINT #1, “:SENS:FUNC ‘VOLT:DC’” ‘ DCV PRINT #1, “:SYST:AZER:STAT OFF” ‘ Auto zero off PRINT #1, “:SENS:VOLT:DC:AVER:STAT OFF” ‘ Filter off PRINT #1, “:SENS:VOLT:DC:NPLC 0.01”...
Page 246 C-14 Example Programs...
Page 247: Models 196/199 And 8840A/8842A Commands
Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands...
Page 248: Models 196/199 Device-Dependent Command Summary
ﬁlter, rate, calibration, factory defaults, and self-test do not map one-for-one. Also note that the Model 2000 does not have the speed characteristics of the Models 196/199. Other commands of the Model 2000 have been added to the 196/199 command set, such as frequency, temperature, and scanning.
Page 249: Models 196/199 And 8840A/8842A Commands
Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands Table D-1 (cont.) Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description Rate 0.1 PLC integration Line cycle integration (16.67msec, 60Hz; 20msec, 50Hz) 10 PLC (166.67msec integration, 60Hz; 200msec integration, 50Hz) Trigger mode Continuous on Talk One-shot on Talk Continuous on GET One-shot on GET...
Page 250 Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands Table D-1 (cont.) Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description Terminator CR LF LF CR Status Send machine status word (199 format only) Send error conditions (only supports no scanner, IDDC, IDDCO) Send Translator word list (since Translator is not sup- ported, replies with one space character) Send buffer size Send current value of “V”...
Page 251 Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands Table D-1 (cont.) Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description Scanning (cont.) Scan mode, max channel is 2 Scan mode, max channel is 3 Scan mode, max channel is 4 Scan mode, max channel is 5 Scan mode, max channel is 6 Scan mode, max channel is 7 Scan mode, max channel is 8...
Page 252: Models 8840A/8842A Device-Dependent Command Summary
Commands such as range, calibration, factory defaults, and self-test do not map one-for-one. Also note that the Model 2000 does not have the speed characteristics of the Models 8840A/8842A. Other commands of the Model 2000 have been added to the 8840A/8842A command set, such as frequency, temperature, and scanner channels.
Page 253 Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands Table D-2 (cont.) Models 8840A/8842A device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description Trigger mode Trigger Rear panel Auto mode trigger delay T0 (default) Internal Disabled — External Enabled External Disabled External Enabled External Disabled Note: Delay is enabled by entering EXT TRIG mode while in local.
Page 254 Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands Table D-2 (cont.) Models 8840A/8842A device-dependent command summary Mode Command Description GET (cont.) Get status of JKM commands (temp. units; TC type and junction) String = 1jkm Get closed channel number String = 10nn Where: nn = 00 (all open) 01 through 10 (closed channel) Get simulated reference junction temperature String = xx.xxx (in °C)
Page 255: Eieee-488 Bus Overview
IEEE-488 Bus Overview...
Page 256: Introduction
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Introduction Basically, the IEEE-488 bus is simply a communication system between two or more elec- tronic devices. A device can be either an instrument or a computer. When a computer is used on the bus, it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller.
Page 257: Eieee-488 Bus Overview
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Through the use of control lines, a handshake sequence takes place in the transfer process of information from a talker to a listener. This handshake sequence helps ensure the credibility of the information transfer. The basic handshake sequence between an active controller (talker) and a listener is as follows: The listener indicates that it is ready to listen.
Page 258: Bus Description
The IEEE-488 standards also include another addressing mode called secondary addressing. Secondary addresses lie in the range of $60-$7F. Note, however, that many devices, including the Model 2000, do not use secondary addressing. Once a device is addressed to talk or listen, the appropriate bus transactions take place. For example: if the instrument is addressed to talk, it places its data string on the bus one byte at a time.
Page 259: Ieee-488 Bus Overview E
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Figure E-1 TO OTHER DEVICES IEEE-488 bus configuration DEVICE 1 ABLE TO TALK, LISTEN AND CONTROL (COMPUTER) DATA BUS DEVICE 2 ABLE TO TALK AND LISTEN 7001 DATA BYTE TRANSFER CONTROL DEVICE 3 ONLY ABLE TO LISTEN (PRINTER) GENERAL INTERFACE...
Page 260: Bus Lines
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Bus lines The signal lines on the IEEE-488 bus are grouped into three different categories: data lines, management lines and handshake lines. The data lines handle bus data and commands, while the management and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place. Each bus line is active low, with approximately zero volts representing a logic 1 (true).
Page 261: Ieee-488 Handshake Sequence
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Handshake lines The bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence. This method ensures reliable data transmission regardless of the transfer rate. Generally, data transfer will occur at a rate de- termined by the slowest active device on the bus. One of the three handshake lines is controlled by the source (the talker sending information), while the remaining two lines are controlled by accepting devices (the listener or listeners re- ceiving the information).
Page 262: Bus Commands
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Bus commands The instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the IEEE-488 in- terface. This section brieﬂy describes the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories. Uniline Commands — Sent by setting the associated bus lines true. For example, to as- sert REN (Remote Enable), the REN line would be set low (true).
Page 263: Uniline Commands
IEEE-488 Bus Overview Uniline commands ATN, IFC and REN are asserted only by the controller. SRQ is asserted by an external device. EOI may be asserted either by the controller or other devices depending on the direction of data transfer. The following is a description of each command. Each command is sent by setting the corresponding bus line true.
Page 264: Addressed Multiline Commands
ORing the address with $40. Talk commands are used to address devices to talk. SCG (Secondary Command Group) — Commands in this group provide additional address- ing capabilities. Many devices (including the Model 2000) do not use these commands. Unaddress commands The two unaddress commands are used by the controller to remove any talkers or listeners from the bus.
Page 265: Hexadecimal And Decimal Command Codes
IEEE-488 Bus Overview E-11 Common commands Common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus. These com- mands are designated and deﬁned by the IEEE-488.2 standard. Generally, these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a common operation, such as reset.
Page 266: Command Codes
E-12 IEEE-488 Bus Overview Figure E-3 Command codes Address Primary Address Primary Address Primary Address Primary Command Command...
Page 267: Typical Addressed Command Sequence
IEEE-488 Bus Overview E-13 Typical command sequences For the various multiline commands, a speciﬁc bus sequence must take place to properly send the command. In particular, the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands. Table E-3 lists a typical bus sequence for sending the ad- dressed multiline commands.
Page 268: Ieee Command Groups
E-14 IEEE-488 Bus Overview IEEE command groups Command groups supported by the Model 2000 are listed in Table E-5. Common commands and SCPI commands are not included in this list. Table E-5 IEEE command groups HANDSHAKE COMMAND GROUP NDAC = NOT DATA ACCEPTED...
Page 269: Interface Function Codes
The interface function codes for the Model 2000 are listed in Table E-6. The codes deﬁne Model 2000 capabilities as follows: Table E-6...
Page 270 E-16 IEEE-488 Bus Overview PP (Parallel Poll Function) — The instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities (PP0). DC (Device Clear Function) — DC1 deﬁnes the ability of the instrument to be cleared (ini- tialized). DT (Device Trigger Function) — DTI deﬁnes the ability of the Model 2002 to have readings triggered.
Page 271: Fieee-488 And Scpi Conformance Information
IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information...
Page 272: Introduction
Table F-2 lists the coupled commands used by the Model 2000. The Model 2000 complies with SCPI version 1991.0. Tables 5-2 through 5-11 list the SCPI conﬁrmed commands, and the non-SCPI commands implemented by the Model 2000.
Page 273 IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information Table F-1 (cont.) IEEE-488 documentation requirements Requirements Description or reference (15) Macro information Not applicable. (16) Response to *IDN (identiﬁcation). See “Common Commands” in Sec- tion 4. (17) Storage area for *PUD and *PUD? Not applicable. (18) Resource description for *RDT and *RDT? Not applicable.
Page 274: Coupled Commands
IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information Table F-2 Coupled commands Command Also changes :TRAC:POIN :TRAC:FEED:CONT :TRAC:CLE :TRAC:FEED:CONT Sense Subsystem Commands: ...:RANG:UPP ...:RANG:AUTO ...:REF:ACQ ...:REF presently displayed reading :ROUT:CLOS :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL NONE :ROUT:OPEN:ALL :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL NONE :ROUT:SCAN:INT :ROUT:SCAN:LSEL ... = Valid function command words (i.e. :VOLT:DC, :VOLT:AC, etc.)
Page 275 Index Symbol *SAV — Save 4-48 :SCAN commands 5-35 :ABORt command 5-70 [SENSe[1]] subsystem 5-37 :AVERage commands 5-46 *SRE <NRf> — Service Request Enable 4-48 :AZERo commands 5-64 *SRE? — Service Request Enable Query 4-48 :BORDer command 5-30 *STB? — Status Byte Query 4-50 :CALCulate subsystem 5-20 :SYSTem subsystem 5-61 CALCulate[1] 5-20...
Page 276 GPIB bus connections 4-10 2-35 GPIB bus operation and reference 4-9 Control source 3-8 GPIB bus standards 4-9 Controlling the Model 2000 via the RS-232 GPIB primary address 2-16 COM2 port C-12 GPIB status indicators 4-18 Counters 3-10, 3-27 GTL (go to local) 4-15...
Page 277 Limit operations 3-20 Rack mount kits 1-6 Line frequency query 5-67 Range 2-35, 3-3 Line power connection 2-8 Rate 3-6 LLO (local lockout) 4-15 READ? command 5-5 LOCAL key 4-18 Reading hold (autosettle) 3-10 Long-form versions 4-34 Rear panel summary 2-6 Low level considerations 2-19 Recalling readings 3-18 Low thermal probes 1-6...
Page 278 Speciﬁcations 1-3, A-1 Speed Commands 5-40 SPE, SPD (serial polling 4-17 Status byte and service request (SRQ) 4-25 Status byte register 4-26 Status messages 2-17, 4-18, B-1 Status structure 4-19 Status subsystem 5-52 Stepping trigger model additions 3-24 Storing readings 3-17 Storing readings in buffer C-6 System operations 3-32 Taking readings using the :READ? command C-...
Page 279 Service Form Model No. ______________ Serial No.___________________Date ________________ Name and Telephone No. _________________________________________________ Company ______________________________________________________________ List all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem. _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Intermittent Analog output follows display Particular range or function bad; specify _______________________________ IEEE failure Obvious problem on power-up...
Page 280 Specifications are subject to change without notice. All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies. Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) •...

Keithley 2000 User Manual

General Information

Basic Measurements

Basic Measurements

Basic Measurements

Basic Measurements

Measurement Options

Measurement Options

Measurement Options

Remote Operation

Remote Operation

Remote Operation

SCPI Command Reference

SCPI Command Reference

SCPI Command Reference

A Specifications

Status and Error Messages

Status and Error Messages

C Example Programs

Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands

Models 196/199 and 8840A/8842A Commands

EIEEE-488 Bus Overview

EIEEE-488 Bus Overview

EIEEE-488 Bus Overview

FIEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information

Quick Links

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Questions and answers

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Summary of Contents for Keithley 2000