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Rosco 1600 Reference Manual

Theatrical smoke and haze
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EQUIPMENT-BASED GUIDELINES
FOR THE USE OF
THEATRICAL SMOKE AND HAZE
Prepared for:
Equity-League Pension and Health Trust Funds
(Sponsor)
Prepared by:
ENVIRON International Corporation
Groton, Massachusetts
Princeton, New Jersey
Original Issue Date: May 14, 2001
Revision 1: June 8, 2001

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  • Page 1 EQUIPMENT-BASED GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF THEATRICAL SMOKE AND HAZE Prepared for: Equity-League Pension and Health Trust Funds (Sponsor) Prepared by: ENVIRON International Corporation Groton, Massachusetts Princeton, New Jersey Original Issue Date: May 14, 2001 Revision 1: June 8, 2001...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...ES-1 INTRODUCTION ...1 Background ...1 Use of Equipment-Based Guidelines ...2 METHODS AND MATERIALS ...3 Selection of Chemicals for Sampling ...3 Selection of Smoke and Haze-Generating Equipment and Fog Fluids...3 Sampling Equipment and Materials...4 Sampling and Monitoring Procedures ...5 Laboratory Analysis...7 III.
  • Page 3 Guidelines for use of Extra Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G150 smoke machine at a medium volume setting Figure 28: Guidelines for use of Molecular Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G150 smoke machine at a full volume setting F I G U R E S...
  • Page 4 Guidelines for use of Dense Fog Fluid in MDG MiniMax smoke machine at a medium volume setting Figure 36: Guidelines for use of Clear Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a full volume setting Figure 37: Guidelines for use of Clear Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a medium...
  • Page 5 Figure 50: Guidelines for use of Neutral Fluid in MDG MAX 3000 haze machine Figure 51: Guidelines for use of Neutral Fluid in MDG Atmosphere haze machine Figure 52: Guidelines for use of Diffusion Fluid in Reel EFX DF-50 haze machine F I G U R E S (cont.) -iv-...
  • Page 6 Table 1: Summary of Smoke/Haze Machines and Fluids Tested Table 2: Summary of Calibration Factors Table 3: Summary of Equipment-Based Guidelines for Smoke Generation Table 4: Summary of Equipment-Based Guidelines for Haze Generation T A B L E S E N V I R O N...

  • Page 7: Executive Summary

    This document contains Equipment-Based Guidelines for the use of theatrical smoke and haze. The purpose of this document is to provide generic, conservative (health protective) Guidelines for using certain types of smoke- and haze-generating equipment. For various combinations of machines and fluids, the Guidelines provide the amount of time that should be allowed to pass following the release of a smoke or haze cue before an Actor is allowed to be situated within a certain distance of the smoke or haze machine.

  • Page 8: Introduction

    Background In 1997-99, at the request of Actors’ Equity Association (AEA) and the League of American Theaters and Producers (LATP) and with the support of the Equity-League Pension and Health Trust Funds, investigators from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (Mt. Sinai) and ENVIRON International Corporation (ENVIRON) conducted a study to determine whether the use of smoke, haze, and pyrotechnics special effects in theatrical musical productions is associated with a negative health impact in Actors.

  • Page 9: Use Of Equipment-Based Guidelines

    • Air Sampling Protocol document – The Air Sampling Protocol provides detailed procedures for conducting theater- and production-specific monitoring. Monitoring conducted in accordance with the Air Sampling Protocol can be used to evaluate potential exposures to short-term concentrations of smoke and haze special effects for theatrical productions where the Equipment-Based Guidelines are not applicable.

  • Page 10: Ii. Methods And Materials

    • MDG Fog Generators, Ltd., Montreal, Quebec • Reel EFX, Inc., North Hollywood, California • Rosco Laboratories, Stamford, Connecticut These manufacturers provided ENVIRON with the use of their machines and fluids in developing these Guidelines. All of the equipment were shipped to Lightwave Research/High End Systems (HES) in Austin, Texas.

  • Page 11: Sampling Equipment And Materials

    Le Maitre also provided a Long Lasting Fluid for use in its G100 and G150 Fog Machines; this fluid was not included because it consists of a mixture of glycols and glycerol. Rosco provided a 4500 machine, which did not have appropriate electrical attachments at the time of the testing.

  • Page 12: Sampling And Monitoring Procedures

    of airborne particulate matter (liquid or solid), providing a direct and continuous readout as well as electronic logging of the data. The PDR-1000 aerosol monitors as obtained are calibrated to Arizona road dust over a measurement range of 0.001 to 400 mg/m or oil mist concentrations, the monitors were first calibrated for the smoke or haze machines and fluids being used.

  • Page 13: Mineral Oil

    The smoke machine was positioned on a stand to allow a release of smoke at a height of four to five feet. The tripods were placed at distances from the smoke machine release nozzle of 6, 9, 12, and 15 feet (see Figure 2).

  • Page 14: Peak Exposure Characterization

    3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 feet from the smoke or haze machine. The smoke machine was turned on for 10 to 30 seconds, allowing sustained smoke generation to occur, and then turned off. The aerosol monitors collected logged data on the smoke levels as the concentrations gradually dissipated.
  • Page 15 Mineral Oil Mineral oil samples were analyzed using a custom NIOSH Method 5026, which involves analysis using infrared spectrophotometry, with a bulk mineral oil sample used instead of a stock mineral oil standard. A maximum LOQ of 50 µg per sample was used. E N V I R O N...

  • Page 16: Figure 1: Experimental Set-Up For Aerosol Monitor Calibration, Consisting Of A Tripod With Sampling Pump, Tubing, And Aerosol Monitor

    Figure 1. Experimental set-up for aerosol monitor calibration, consisting of a tripod with sampling pump, tubing, and aerosol monitor. E N V I R O N...
  • Page 17 Figure 2. Sampling configuration consisting of six sampling/monitoring tripods situated at three foot intervals from a smoke or haze machine (far right). Each tripod is equipped with an aerosol monitor. The tripods situated at distances of 6, 9, 12, and 15 feet are also equipped with sampling pumps, flexible tubing, and collection media.

  • Page 18: Figure 3: Example Sampling Configuration Consisting Of Six Sampling/Monitoring Tripods Situated At Three-Foot Intervals Around A Vertical-Release Hazer

    Figure 3. Example sampling configuration consisting of six sampling/monitoring tripods situated at three-foot intervals around a vertical-release hazer (center). -11- E N V I R O N...

  • Page 19: A. Aerosol Monitor Calibration

    III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Aerosol Monitor Calibration Glycols Total glycol concentrations were calculated from the analytical data. Only the glycol species measured in the bulk solution were included. For glycol species that were measured in the bulk solution, but were not detected in the air sample, one half of the detection limit for that glycol species was conservatively used in calculating the total glycol concentration.

  • Page 20: B. Peak Exposure Characterization

    MDG Fog Generators, Ltd. Reel EFX, Inc. Rosco Laboratories Rosco Stage & Studio Fluid Notes: Based on the calibration factor for MDG Neutral Fluid Peak Exposure Characterization Monitoring data collected using aerosol monitors placed at distances of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15,...
  • Page 21 Tables 3 and 4 has elapsed following the end of the cue. For example, if a production is using a Rosco 1600 smoke machine (medium setting) with Stage & Studio fluid, an Actor should not be situated within six feet from the front of the cue release point until at least 80 seconds following the end of the cue release;...
  • Page 22 Summary of Equipment-Based Guidelines for Smoke Generation Manufacturer Machine High End F-100 Systems G100 Le Maitre Special Effects G150 Opti Mist Ranger MDG Fog Mini Max Generators, Ltd. TABLE 3 Machine Fluid Setting Atmosphere Cold Flow Full Formula Medium Full Atmosphere HQ Formula Medium Atmosphere Stage Formula...
  • Page 23 Summary of Equipment-Based Guidelines for Smoke Generation Manufacturer Machine 1600 Rosco Laboratories PF-1000 Alpha 900 TABLE 3 Machine Fluid Setting Full Rosco Clear Fog Fluid Medium Full Rosco Fog Fluid Medium Full Rosco Light Fog Fluid Medium Rosco Stage & Studio Full Fluid Medium Full...
  • Page 24 Summary Equipment Based Guidelines for Haze Generation Manufacturer Machine MDG Fog MAX 3000 Generators, Ltd. Atmosphere Reel EFX, Inc. DF-50 TABLE 4 Time (in sec) After Which Air Concentrations Are Below Guidance Level (25 mg/m Fluid 3 ft MDG Neutral Fluid MDG Neutral Fluid Diffusion Fluid -17-...

  • Page 25: Figure 4: Calibration Curve For High End Systems Atmospheres Cold Flow Formula Fluid

    High End Atmospheres Cold Flow Formula Figure 4. Calibration curve for High End Systems Atmospheres Cold Flow Formula Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 2.41 (ug/L)/(mg/m High End Atmospheres HQ Formula 1000 Figure 5. Calibration curve for High End Systems Atmospheres HQ Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 1.38 (ug/L)/(mg/m Average pDR Reading (mg/m Average pDR Reading (mg/m...

  • Page 26: Figure 6: Calibration Curve For High End Systems Atmospheres Stage Fluid

    High End Atmospheres Stage Formula Figure 6. Calibration curve for High End Systems Atmospheres Stage Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 0.253 (ug/L)/(mg/m Le Maitre Extra Quick Dissipating Fluid 1000 Figure 7. Calibration curve for Le Maitre Extra Quick Dissipating Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 3.17 (ug/L)/(mg/m Average pDR Reading (mg/m Average pDR Reading (mg/m...

  • Page 27: Figure 8: Calibration Curve For Le Maitre Mini Mist Canisters

    1400 1200 1000 Figure 8. Calibration curve for Le Maitre Mini Mist Canisters. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 3.01 (ug/L)/(mg/m Figure 9. Calibration curve for Le Maitre Molecular Fog Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 2.58 (ug/L)/(mg/m Le Maitre Mini Mist Canister Average pDR Reading (mg/m Le Maitre Molecular Fog Fluid...

  • Page 28: Figure 10: Calibration Curve For Le Maitre Quick Dissipating Fluid

    Figure 10. Calibration curve for Le Maitre Quick Dissipating Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 3.45 (ug/L)/(mg/m 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 Figure 11. Calibration curve for Le Maitre Regular Fog Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 4.17 (ug/L)/(mg/m Le Maitre Quick Dissipating Fluid Average pDR Reading (mg/m Le Maitre Regular Fog Fluid...

  • Page 29: Figure 12: Calibration Curve For Mdg Dense Fluid

    Figure 12. Calibration curve for MDG Dense Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 3.21 (ug/L)/(mg/m 1000 Figure 13. Calibration curve for Rosco Clear Fog Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 1.82 (ug/L)/(mg/m MDG Dense Fluid...

  • Page 30: Figure 14: Calibration Curve For Rosco Fog Fluid

    Figure 14. Calibration curve for Rosco Fog Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 1.27 (ug/L)/(mg/m Figure 15. Calibration curve for Rosco Light Fog Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 1.375 (ug/L)/(mg/m Rosco Fog Fluid...

  • Page 31: Figure 16: Calibration Curve For Rosco Stage & Studio Fog Fluid

    Figure 16. Calibration curve for Rosco Stage & Studio Fog Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 1.56 (ug/L)/(mg/m Figure 17. Calibration curve for MDG Neutral Fluid. Calibration factor, based on slope of curve, is 0.784 (mg/m )/(mg/m Rosco Stage &...

  • Page 32: Figure 18: Guidelines For Use Of Atmospheres Cold Flow Formula In High End Systems F

    High End F-100 Performance Fog Generator / Atmospheres Cold Flow Formula Figure 18. Guidelines for use of Atmospheres Cold Flow Formula in High End Systems F-100 smoke machine at a full volume setting. High End F-100 Performance Fog Generator / Atmospheres Cold Flow Formula Figure 19.

  • Page 33: Figure 20: Guidelines For Use Of Atmospheres Hq Formula In High End Systems F-100

    High End F100 Performance Fog Generator / Atmospheres HQ Fog Fluid Figure 20. Guidelines for use of Atmospheres HQ Formula in High End Systems F-100 smoke machine at a full volume setting. High End F-100 Performance Fog Generator / Atmospheres HQ Formula Figure 21.

  • Page 34: Figure 23: Guidelines For Use Of Extra Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid In Le Maitre G100

    High End F100 Performance Fog Generator / Atmospheres Stage Formula Figure 22. Guidelines for use of Atmospheres Stage Formula in High End Systems F-100 smoke machine at a medium-to-full volume setting. Le Maitre G100 / Extra Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid Figure 23.

  • Page 35: Figure 24: Guidelines For Use Of Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid In Le Maitre G100 Smoke Machine

    Figure 24. Guidelines for use of Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G100 smoke machine. Figure 25. Guidelines for use of Regular Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G100 smoke machine. Le Maitre G100 / Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid Distance from Source (ft)

  • Page 36: Figure 26: Guidelines For Use Of Extra Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid In Le Maitre G150

    Le Maitre G150 / Extra Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid Figure 26. Guidelines for use of Extra Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G150 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Le Maitre G150 / Extra Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid Figure 27.

  • Page 37: Figure 28: Guidelines For Use Of Molecular Fog Fluid In Le Maitre G150 Smoke Machine At A

    Figure 28. Guidelines for use of Molecular Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G150 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Figure 29. Guidelines for use of Molecular Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G150 smoke machine at a medium volume setting.

  • Page 38: Figure 30: Guidelines For Use Of Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid In Le Maitre G150 Smoke Machine At A Full Volume Setting

    Figure 30. Guidelines for use of Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G150 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Figure 31. Guidelines for use of Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid in Le Maitre G150 smoke machine at a medium volume setting. Le Maitre G150 / Quick Dissipating Fog Fluid (Full Volume) Distance from Source (ft)

  • Page 39: Figure 32: Guidelines For Use Of Minimist Canisters In Le Maitre Opti Mist Ranger Smoke Machine At A Full Volume Setting

    Figure 32. Guidelines for use of Minimist Canisters in Le Maitre Opti Mist Ranger smoke machine at a full volume setting. Figure 33. Guidelines for use of Minimist Canisters in Le Maitre Opti Mist Ranger smoke machine at a medium volume setting. Optimist Ranger / Minimist Canister (Full Volume) Distance from Source (ft)

  • Page 40: Figure 34: Guidelines For Use Of Dense Fog Fluid In Mdg Minimax Smoke Machine At A Full

    Figure 34. Guidelines for use of Dense Fog Fluid in MDG MiniMax smoke machine at a full volume setting. Figure 35. Guidelines for use of Dense Fog Fluid in MDG MiniMax smoke machine at a medium volume setting. MDG MiniMax / MDG Dense Fog Fluid (Full Volume) Guidance Level (40 µg/L)

  • Page 41: Figure 36: Guidelines For Use Of Clear Fog Fluid In Rosco 1600 Smoke Machine At A Full Volume Setting

    Rosco Fog Machine 1600 / Rosco Clear Fog Fluid Figure 36. Guidelines for use of Clear Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Rosco Fog Machine 1600 / Rosco Clear Fog Fluid Figure 37. Guidelines for use of Clear Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a medium volume setting.

  • Page 42: Figure 38: Guidelines For Use Of Light Fog Fluid In Rosco 1600 Smoke Machine At A Full Volume Setting

    Rosco Fog Machine 1600 / Rosco Light Fog Fluid Figure 38. Guidelines for use of Light Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Rosco Fog Machine 1600 / Rosco Light Fog Fluid Figure 39. Guidelines for use of Light Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a medium volume setting.

  • Page 43: Figure 40: Guidelines For Use Of Rosco Fog Fluid In Rosco 1600 Smoke Machine At A Full Volume Setting

    Figure 40. Guidelines for use of Rosco Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Figure 41. Guidelines for use of Rosco Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a medium volume setting. Rosco Fog Machine 1600 / Rosco Fog Fluid...

  • Page 44: Figure 42: Guidelines For Use Of Stage And Studio Fog Fluid In Rosco 1600 Smoke Machine At A Full Volume Setting

    Rosco Fog Machine 1600 / Rosco Stage & Studio Fog Fluid Figure 42. Guidelines for use of Stage and Studio Fog Fluid in Rosco 1600 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Rosco Fog Machine 1600 / Rosco Stage & Studio Fog Fluid Figure 43.

  • Page 45: Figure 44: Guidelines For Use Of Rosco Fog Fluid In Rosco Pf-1000 Smoke Machine At A Full Volume Setting

    Figure 44. Guidelines for use of Rosco Fog Fluid in Rosco PF-1000 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Figure 45. Guidelines for use of Rosco Fog Fluid in Rosco PF-1000 smoke machine at a medium volume setting. Rosco PF-1000 / Rosco Fog Fluid (Full Volume) Guidance Level (40 µg/L)

  • Page 46: Figure 46: Guidelines For Use Of Stage And Studio Fog Fluid In Rosco Pf-1000 Smoke

    Rosco PF-1000 / Rosco Stage & Studio Fog Fluid Figure 46. Guidelines for use of Stage and Studio Fog Fluid in Rosco PF-1000 smoke machine at a full volume setting. Rosco PF-1000 / Rosco Stage & Studio Fog Fluid Figure 47. Guidelines for use of Stage and Studio Fog Fluid in Rosco PF-1000 smoke machine at a full volume setting.
  • Page 47 Figure 48. Guidelines for use of Rosco Fog Fluid in Rosco Alpha 900 smoke machine. Rosco Alpha 900 / Rosco Stage & Studio Fog Fluid Figure 49. Guidelines for use of Stage and Studio Fog Fluid in Rosco Alpha 900 smoke machine.
  • Page 48 Figure 50. Guidelines for use of Neutral Fluid in MDG MAX 3000 haze machine. Figure 51. Guidelines for use of Neutral Fluid in MDG Atmosphere haze machine. MDG Max 3000 / MDG Neutral Fluid (60 psi) Distance from Source (ft) MDG Atmosphere / MDG Neutral Fluid (40 psi) Guidance Level (25 mg/m 3 )
  • Page 49 Figure 52. Guidelines for use of Diffusion Fluid in Reel EFX DF-50 haze machine. Reel EFX DF-50 / Diffusion Fluid Guidance Level (25 mg/m 3 ) Distance from Source (ft) -42- 10 sec 20 sec 30 sec 60 sec 120 sec 300 sec E N V I R O N...

  • Page 50: Iv. References

    ENVIRON International Corporation (ENVIRON). 2001. Evaluation of short-term exposures to theatrical smoke and haze: Air sampling protocol. Prepared for Equity-League Pension and Health Trust Funds. May 14. Mount Sinai School of Medicine and ENVIRON International Corporation (Mt. Sinai and ENVIRON). 2000. Health effects evaluation of theatrical smoke, haze, and pyrotechnics.

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