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Thank you for choosing QNAP products! This user manual provides description of the hardware of the Turbo NAS and relevant guideline of certain functions. Please read carefully and strictly adhere to the instructions of the manual. This user manual is applicable to the following Turbo NAS models:...
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DISCLAIMER In no event shall QNAP Systems, Inc. (QNAP) liability exceed the price paid for the product from direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from the use of the product, its accompanying software, or its documentation. QNAP makes no warranty...
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Regulatory Notice FCC Notice QNAP NAS comply with different FCC compliance classes. Please refer the Appendix for details. Once the class of the device is determined, refer to the following corresponding statement. ======================================================= FCC Class A Notice This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: This device may not cause harmful interference.
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Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by QNAP Systems, Inc. may void the authority granted to the user by the FCC to operate this equipment. CE NOTICE QNAP NAS comply with different CE compliance classes. Please refer to the Appendix for details.
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Symbols in this document This icon indicates the instructions must be strictly followed. Failure to do so could result in injury to human body or death. Warning This icon indicates the action may lead to disk clearance or loss OR failure to follow the instructions could result in data damage, disk Caution damage, or product damage.
Chapter 3. USB One Touch Copy ..............30 Chapter 4. LED and Alarm Buzzer Specifications ........... 31 Chapter 5. Upgrade Memory on QNAP Turbo NAS (RAM Module Installation) 34 TS-453 ) ................. 34 MINI TBS-453A ..................... 36 TS-451S, TS-531P, TS-651, TS-831X, TS-851, TS-...
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10.1 1U T PSU ............79 URBO WITH SWAPPABLE 10.2 2U/3U T NAS (TS-853U-RP, TS-1253U-RP ) ........80 URBO ONLY Technical Support .................... 83 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ............... 84 Appendix A: Product Compliance Class ............. 97...
Safety Warnings The NAS can operate normally in a temperature range of 0ºC–40ºC (or up to 35 ºC depending on individual product specifications) with relative humidity of 0%–95%. Please make sure the environment is well-ventilated. The power cord and devices connected to the NAS must provide correct supply voltage (100W, 90–264V).
Caution: Modifying the hardware, software, or firmware of the QNAP products will void the warranty. QNAP is not responsible for any form of damage or loss of data caused by modding the QNAP products. Users should bear their own risks of all sorts of possible data loss or system instabilities due to changing the hardware parts, modifying the default system firmware or installing any unauthorized third party applications on QNAP products.
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2GB DDR3 Flash Memory replaceable Number of RAM slots Number of hard 1 (3.5” HDDs only) 2 (3.5” HDDs only) drive slots ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR003) control: RM-IR003) System TS-131 TS-231 Dual-core Freescale Dual-core Freescale 1.2GHz...
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System TS-431 TS-431U Dual-core Freescale Dual-core Freescale 1.2GHz 1.2GHz 512MB DDR3 1GB DDR3 Memory 512MB 512MB Flash Memory replaceable Number of RAM slots Number of hard drive slots System TS-231+ TS-431+ Annapurna Labs Annapurna Labs Alpine AL-212 Alpine AL-212 Dual-core 1.4 GHz Dual-core 1.4 GHz Cortex-A15 Cortex-A15...
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System TS-531P TS-831X Quad-core Annapurna Quad-core Annapurna Labs Alpine AL-314 Labs Alpine AL-314 1.4 GHz Cortex-A15 1.4 GHz Cortex-A15 2GB/8GB DDR3 8GB/16GB DDR3 Memory (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up to 16GB) to 16GB) 512MB 512MB Flash ✔ (Compatible with ✔...
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System TS-451U TS-453U TS-453U-RP ® ® ® Dual-core Intel Quad-core Intel Quad-core Intel Celeron™ 2.41GHz Celeron™ 2.0GHz (up Celeron™ 2.0GHz (up (up to 2.58GHz) to 2.42GHz) to 2.42GHz) 1GB DDR3L 4GB/8GB DDR3L 4GB/8GB DDR3L Memory (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up to 8GB) to 8GB)
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System TS-1253U TS-1253U-RP ® ® Quad-core Intel Quad-core Intel Celeron™ 2.0GHz (up Celeron™ 2.0GHz (up to 2.42GHz) to 2.42GHz) 4GB/8GB DDR3L 4GB/8GB DDR3L Memory (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up to 8GB) to 8GB) Flash 512MB (USB DOM) 512MB (USB DOM) Memory ✔...
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DDR3L RAM) DDR3L-1600 RAM) Number of RAM 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) slots Number of hard 2 (3.5” HDDs only) drive slots ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002) TS-451 / TS-451A-2G /...
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✔ (Compatible with replaceable DDR3L RAM) DDR3L RAM) Number of RAM 2 (SODIMM) 2 (SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002) HS-251 / System HS-251+ HS-251-2G ® ®...
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✔ (Compatible with ✔ (Compatible with replaceable DDR3L RAM) DDR3L RAM) Number of RAM 2 (SODIMM) 2 (SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002 & control: RM-IR002 & RM-IR003) RM-IR003)
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Memory DDR3L-1333/1600 DDR3L-1333/1600 DDR3L-1333/1600 replaceable RAM) RAM) RAM) Number of RAM 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) 2 (SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots LCD panel ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002)
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DDR3L RAM) DDR3L RAM) Number of RAM 2 (SODIMM) 2 (SODIMM) 2 (SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots LCD panel ✔ ✔ ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002)
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DDR3L RAM) Number of RAM 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) slots Number of hard 4 (2.5” only) 8 (2.5” only) drive slots LCD panel ✔ ✔ ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002)
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DDR3L-1600 RAM) DDR3L-1600 RAM) DDR3L-1600 RAM) Number of RAM 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots PCI-E expansion slot HDMI ✔ ✔ LCD panel ✔ ✔ ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002)
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DDR3L-1600 RAM) DDR3L-1600 RAM) Number of RAM 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots PCI-E expansion 1 (Pre-installed slot 1-port 10GbE NIC) HDMI ✔ ✔ LCD panel ✔ ✔ ✔(QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002)
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DDR3L-1600 RAM) DDR3L-1600 RAM) Number of RAM 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) 2(SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots PCI-E expansion slot HDMI LCD panel ✔ ✔ ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002) control: RM-IR002)
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4/8 GB DDR3L Memory (Expandable RAM, up to 8GB) Flash 512MB ✔ (Compatible with Memory replaceable DDR3L-1600 RAM) Number of RAM 2(SODIMM) slots Number of hard drive slots PCI-E expansion slot HDMI LCD panel ✔ ✔ (QNAP remote IR sensor control: RM-IR002)
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System TS-463U TS-463U-RP TS-863U Quad-core AMD Quad-core AMD Quad-core AMD 2.0GHz 2.0GHz 2.0GHz 4 GB DDR3L 4 GB DDR3L 4 GB DDR3L Memory (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up to 16GB) to 16GB) to 16GB) Flash 512MB 512MB 512MB Memory...
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System TS-863U-RP TS-1263U TS-1263U-RP Quad-core AMD Quad-core AMD Quad-core AMD 2.0GHz 2.0GHz 2.0GHz 4 GB DDR3L 4 GB DDR3L 4 GB DDR3L Memory (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up (Expandable RAM, up to 16GB) to 16GB) to 16GB) Flash 512MB 512MB 512MB Memory...
*This feature is only provided by the NAS models with LCD panels. Please visit http://www.qnap.comfor details. Advanced system reset (10 sec) Press the reset button for 10 seconds; you will hear two beeps at the third and the tenth seconds.
This feature adopts incremental backup. After the first time data backup, the NAS only copies the changed files since the last backup. This feature is only available on certain NAS models. Please refer to the product specification table for details at www.qnap.com.
The NAS is in S3 sleep mode seconds Green The NAS is ready. All the hard disk drives on the NAS are in standby mode. This feature is only available on certain NAS models. Please refer to the product specification table for details at www.qnap.com.
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The 10 GbE network expansion function is only supported by the TVS-463, TVS-663, TVS-863/863+, TS-879 Pro, TS-1079 Pro, TS-879U-RP, TS-1279U-RP, TS-EC879U-RP, TS-EC1279U-RP, TS-1679U-RP, TS-EC1679U-RP, TS-870U-RP, and TS-1270U-RP. This feature is only available on certain NAS models. Please refer to the product specification table for details at www.qnap.com.
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Beep alarm (for all NAS models) The beep alarm can be disabled in “System Administration” > “Hardware Settings”. Beep sound Number of Times Description The NAS is starting up. The NAS is being shut down (software shutdown). Short beep (0.5 sec) The user presses the reset button to reset the NAS.
size and ideally the same type/model in every slot. QNAP provides different RAM modules (optional purchase) for users to upgrade the NAS memory. Follow the below steps to install an extra memory module on the NAS to upgrade the memory.
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To remove installed memory modules, pull the retention clips on each side so that the module tilts up for easy removal. Note: Always ensure that a memory module is installed in the Primary (red) slot. If not, then the system will fail to start. The maximum supported memory is 8GB combined.
properly with the clips in place. Close the NAS cover and fasten the screw. Reconnect the power and network cables to the NAS. TBS-453A Remove the rubber feet and loosen the four hand screws on the bottom of the NAS. Then lift the compartment cover away.
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Note: Always ensure that a memory module is installed in the Primary (red) slot. If not, then the system will fail to start. The maximum supported memory is 8GB combined. Slide the memory module to the slot at a 45-degree angle (approximately) and press the memory module down until it clips into place.
TS-451S, TS-531P, TS-651, TS-831X, TS-851, TS-x53/x53S Pro, TS-563, TVS-x63, TS-x53A series (2/4/6/8-bay) Loosen the three screws on the rear of the NAS. Remove the case cover of the NAS gently. Locate the memory slot. Make sure the slot is empty. Note: For TS-x53/x53S Pro, TS-451S, TS-531P, TS-651, TS-851 and TS-x53A models, always ensure that a memory module is installed in the Primary slot (red).
with the notch in the memory slot. Slide the memory module to the slot at a 45-degree angle (approximately). Gently press the memory module into the slot until it is seated fully. Rotate the memory module towards the motherboard until the securing clips clicks into place.
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b. TS-853U, TS-863U, TS-1253U, TS-1263U series: Loosen the two screws on the rear of the NAS. Open the NAS. Pull the retention clips on each side so that the module tilts up for easy removal. Remove installed memory modules.
2. Slide the memory module to the slot at a 45-degree angle (approximately). 3. Press the memory module down. Make sure the memory module sits in properly with the clips in place. Note: For TS-x53U & TS-451U models, always ensure that a memory module is installed in the primary slot (red box in the below figure,) or the system will fail to start.
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it will have two screws. A 4-bay NAS will have four. 2. Gently remove the case cover of the NAS by sliding it apart (see the underside of the NAS for visual indicators of the NAS case being locked/unlocked) 3. Remove the four inner screws (two on each side) of the hard drive cage. 4.
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5. Gently remove the hard drive cage from the NAS by lifting it out of its slot. 6. Always ensure that a memory module is installed in the Primary slot (red). If not, then the system will fail to start. When installing two memory modules, please ensure that they are the same size and ideally use the same type of RAM for both memory slots.
7. Reattach the hard drive cage to the NAS. Please ensure that it correctly plugs into the slot. 8. Secure the hard drive cage by fastening the four inner screws (for the 4-bay NAS, please fasten the two additional top screws.) Then reattach the case cover of the NAS by gently sliding it back together.
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Pull the retention clips on each side so that the module tilts up for easy removal. Remove installed memory modules. Note: Always ensure that a memory module is installed in the primary slot that is on the top (marked with “DIMM1”.) If not, then the system will fail to start. The maximum supported memory is 8GB combined.
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properly with the clips in place. Close the NAS bottom cover and fasten the screws (refer to Step 1 for screw positions.) Reconnect the power and network cables to the NAS.
Some NAS models provide expansion slots for network expansion. Insert an extra network expansion card (optional purchase) to the motherboard of the NAS to increase the network bandwidth. Please refer to the compatibility list at: http://qnap.com/compatibility TVS-463, TS-531P, TVS-663, TS-831X, TVS-863, TS-563, TS-879 Pro,...
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Network Expansion Card Compatibility ® Bracket A (X520-T2) Intel Ethernet Server Adapter X520-T2(E10G42B) ® Bracket B 1. Intel Ethernet Server Adapter X520-SR2(E10G42BFSR) ® (X520-SR2/X520-DA2) 2. Intel Ethernet Server Adapter X520-DA2(E10G42BTDA) Bracket C (Emulex) 1. Emulex OneConnect 10GbE Network Adapters, SFP+ Direct attach copper (OCe11102-NX) 2.
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For TVS-463 only: Unscrew and remove the power supply unit. 5. Loosen the screws and remove the expansion slot cover.
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6. Grasp the edge of the network expansion card. Align the notch on the gold edge of the card with the notch in the PCIe slot. Insert the network expansion card to the PCIe slot until it cannot go any further. 7.
8. Close the case cover and fasten the screws. Connect the power adaptor and cables to the NAS. 9. To check that the network expansion is recognized by the NAS, power up the NAS and login the web interface as an administrator. Go to “System Administration” > “Network” >...
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Grasp the metal edge of the riser card module. Remove the module gently. Remove the network expansion card/bracket. a. For TS-463U and TS-463U-RP, loosen the screw and remove the network expansion card.
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b. For TVS-471U, loose the screw and remove the bracket Insert the new network expansion card to the riser card module until it cannot go any further. Then fasten the screw. Align the notch on the gold edge of the riser card with the notch in the PCIe slot. Insert the riser card module to the PCIe slot until it cannot go any further.
10. Fasten the screws. Close the case cover and fasten the screws. 11. Connect the power adaptor and cables to the NAS. 12. To check that the network expansion is recognized by the NAS, power up the NAS and login the web interface as an administrator. Go to “System Administration” > “Network” >...
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Loosen the two screws on the rear of the NAS. Hold the notch at the edge of the top cover. Remove the top cover in both hands. Loosen the screw and remove the expansion slot cover. Grasp the edge of the expansion card. Align the notch on the gold edge of the card with the notch in the PCIe slot.
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Fasten the screws. Close the case cover and fasten the screws. Connect the power adaptor and cables to the NAS. To check that the network expansion is recognized by the NAS, power up the NAS and login the web interface as an administrator. Go to “System Administration” > “Network” >...
Chapter 7. Install and Hot-swap Hard Drives Caution: Before starting, please ensure that you turn off the NAS, disconnect the power adaptor, network cable(s), and also remove any other device/cable that is attached to the NAS. Please ensure that you wear an antistatic wrist strap during the entire process to ...
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a. For 3.5” HDDs, secure the four screws in the back of the hard drive tray. b. For 2.5” HDDs, follow the signs which are marked on the tray then secure the three screws in the back of the hard drive tray 3.
7.1.2. TS-453Mini 1. Remove the case cover. Open and remove the hard drive tray. 2. Install the HDD: a. For 3.5” HDDs, remove both brackets (pinch the end marked “pull” to pull and separate the bracket) from the tray. Place the hard drive on the tray and clip-in both brackets.
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b. For 2.5” HDDs/SSDs, only remove the bracket next to the 2.5” screw holes (they are marked on the bottom of the tray.) Secure the three screws in the back of the hard drive tray. 3. Insert the hard drive tray into the Turbo NAS all the way to the bottom and close the case cover.
7.1.3. TS-112P, TS-212P and TS-251C 1. Loosen the screws on the rear (top and bottom) of the NAS. Remove the case cover of the NAS by sliding it apart (see the underside of the NAS for visual indicators of the NAS case being locked/unlocked.)
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2. Install the hard drives: a. For TS-112P: Place the hard drive in the hard drive cradle and slide it forward to lock it into the connector. Secure the screws on the slides of the hard drive. b. For TS-212P and TS-251C: Place the first hard drive in the hard drive cradle and slide it forward to look it into the connector.
3. After installing the hard drives, cover the NAS with the case cover and fasten the round head screws. Then, place the NAS vertically on the stands. 7.1.4. TAS-168, TAS-268, TS-128, TS-228 1. Remove the hand screw and the top cover.
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2. Put the hard drive in the hard drive cradle and slide it forwards to lock it into the SATA connector. Clip in both brackets, slide the bracket into the hole in point 2 before pressing the bracket towards the HDD (for the TAS-268, repeat the same step for the second drive.) 3.
7.1.5. IS-453S 1. Remove all four screws from the front panel. 2. Remove the drive tray. 3. Attach the drive to the tray and secure the four screws in the back of the drive tray.
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4. Insert the drive tray into the NAS all the way to the end. 5. Repeat Step 2 to 4 to install the remaining drives. Please follow the HDD Sequence shown in Step 2 to do so.
6. Close the front panel and fasten the screws. 7.1.6. TBS-453A 1. The system has four M.2 SSD slots that are located on the bottom of the system. The storage capacity of the system can be upgraded by adding M.2 SSD modules to vacant M.2 SSD slots or by upgrading existing M.2 SSD modules.
3. Secure the bottom cover back to the system by installing the screws of four corners (clockwise). Then put the rubber feet back as well. Hard-swap Hard Drives QNAP NAS is compatible with 2.5-inch/3.5-inch SATA hard disk drives from major hard disk brands. For the updated hard drive compatibility list, please visit http://www.qnap.com.
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Caution: QNAP disclaims any responsibility for product damage/malfunction or data loss/recovery due to misuse or improper installation of hard disks in any occasions for any reasons. Note that if a hard drive (new or used) which has never been installed on the NAS ...
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System Supports Supports Supports Supports 3.5-inch 2.5-inch Hot-swapping SATA Hard SATA Hard Hard Drives Drives Drives (RAID 1 or above only) TS-470/470 Pro, TS-670/670 Pro, TS-870/870 Pro, TVS-463, TVS-663, TS-831X, TVS-863, TVS-863+, TS-453minI, TS-463U, TS-463U-RP, TS-863U, TS-863U-RP, TS-1263U, TS-1263U-RP, TS-531P, TS-253A, TS-453A, TS-653A, TS-853A TS-451S, TS-453S Pro,...
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8. Check the volume status on the web administration page. The volume should be rebuilding. Warning: Users are strongly recommended to turn OFF the server before replacing the hard drive to reduce the risk of electric shock.
Chapter 8. RAID Recovery The QNAP NAS supports exclusive RAID recovery technology to recover a failed RAID disk volume from unintentional disconnection or removal of the hard drives from the system. Using the RAID recovery, users can recover an inactive RAID 1, RAID 5, or RAID 6 volume to degraded mode, or an inactive RAID 0 and JBOD configuration to normal.
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Standard QNAP RAID 5 Standard QNAP RAID 6 RAID 5 RAID 6 Degraded mode N-1 & N-2 N-1 & N-2 Read only protection N-1, bad blocks N-2, bad blocks (for immediate data found in the found in the backup &hard drive...
Chapter 9. Use the LCD Panel This feature is only provided by the NAS models with LCD panels. Please visit http://www.qnap.com for details. The NAS provides a handy LCD panel for users to perform disk configuration and view the system information.
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When RAID 1, RAID 5, or RAID 6 configuration is executed, the system will initialize the hard drives, create the RAID device, format the RAID device, and mount it as a volume on the NAS. The progress will be shown on the LCD panel. When it reaches 100%, the RAID volume can be accessed.
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7. Password 8. Back TCP/IP The following options are available: LAN1 IP Address LAN1 Subnet Mask LAN1 Gateway LAN 1 PRI. DNS LAN 1 SEC. DNS Enter Network Settings Network Settings – DHCP Network Settings –...
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RAID5+S RAID5+spare RAID5 (D) RAID 5 degraded mode RAID 5 (B) RAID 5 rebuilding RAID 5 (S) RAID 5 re-synchronizing RAID 5 (U) RAID 5 is unmounted RAID 5 (X) RAID 5 non-activated System This section shows the system temperature and the rotation speed of the system fan. C P U T e m p : °...
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When the NAS encounters system error, an error message will be shown on the LCD panel. Press the “Enter” button to view the message. Press the “Enter” button again to view the next message. S y s t e m E r r o r ! P l s .
Chapter 10. Install Power Supply Unit Note: This section applies to rackmount NAS models only. The power supply units of TS-879U-RP and TS-EC879U-RP should only be replaced by an authorized and trained technician. 10.1 1U Turbo NAS with Hot-swappable PSU Note: The following instructions should only be performed by an authorized and trained technician.
5. Turn on the NAS. Note: To replace a failed power supply unit, turn off the NAS. Then remove the failed unit safely and repeat steps 3-5 above to install a new power supply unit. 10.2 2U/3U Turbo NAS (TS-853U-RP, TS-1253U-RP only) Note: The following instructions should only be performed by an authorized and trained technician.
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4. Plug in a new power supply to the NAS. 5. Turn on the NAS. Enable warning alert for redundant power supply on the web-based interface: If two power supply units (PSU) have been installed on the NAS and connected to the power sockets, both PSU will supply the power to the NAS (applied to 1U and 2U models).
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* This function is disabled by default. WARNING: RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK The connectors on the back panel (bracketed parts below) contain high voltage. Do NOT touch these parts to avoid the risk of electric shock to the maintenance operator.
Technical Support QNAP provides dedicated online support and customer service via instant messenger. Online Support: http://qnap.com/support Forum: http://forum.qnap.com Technical Support in the USA and Canada: Online Support: http://qnap.com/support TEL: +1-909-595-2782 #3 Address: 168 University Parkway, Pomona CA 91768 Service Hours: 06:00-18:00 (GMT- 08:00 Pacific Time, Monday to Friday)
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For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.
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To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.
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the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data...
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When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.
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to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
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Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work. A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling.
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License. Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version. In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement).
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contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
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Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
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