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PLUS fx-991ES PLUS (2nd edition / NATURAL-V.P.A.M.) User’s Guide CASIO Worldwide Education Website https://edu.casio.com Manuals are available in multi languages at https://world.casio.com/manual/calc/...
Table of Contents Before Using the Calculator............ 4 About this Manual..................4 Initializing the Calculator................4 Precautions....................4 Safety Precautions..................4 Handling Precautions..................5 Getting Started..................5 Removing the Hard Case................5 Turning Power On and Off................6 Adjusting Display Contrast................6 Key Markings....................
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Function Calculations............27 Pi (π), Natural Logarithm Base e............27 Trigonometric Functions................ 27 Hyperbolic Functions................27 Angle Unit Conversion................28 Exponential Functions................28 Logarithmic Functions................28 Power Functions and Power Root Functions.........29 Integration Calculations................. 30 Integration Calculation Precautions.............. 31 Tips for Successful Integration Calculations..........31 Differential Calculations.................
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Matrix Calculations (MATRIX)..............61 Matrix Answer Memory................. 63 Assigning and Editing Matrix Variable Data..........63 Matrix Calculation Examples.................64 Creating a Numerical Table from a Function (TABLE)......65 Vector Calculations (VECTOR)..............67 Vector Answer Memory................. 68 Assigning and Editing Vector Variable Data..........68 Vector Calculation Examples................ 69 Technical Information............
Before Using the Calculator About this Manual • In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with it.
Replace the battery immediately after display figures become dim. fx-570ES PLUS: Every 2 years fx-991ES PLUS: Every 3 years • A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator.
Turning Power On and Off • Press to turn on the calculator. • Press (OFF) to turn off the calculator. Note • The calculator also will turn off automatically after approximately 10 minutes of non- use. Press the key to turn the calculator back on. Adjusting Display Contrast 1.
Example: (sin )* 1 * Indicates the function that is accessed by the key operation ( ) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform. • The following shows an example of how a key operation to select an on- screen menu item is represented in this manual.
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Display indicators This indicator: Means this: The keypad has been shifted by pressing the key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this indicator will disappear when you press a key.
Calculation history memory data is available and can be replayed, or there is more data above/ below the current screen. The display currently shows an intermediate result Disp of a multi-statement calculation. Important! • For some type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally.
Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup Calculation Mode Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct mode as indicated in the table below. When you want to perform this type of Perform this key operation: operation: General calculations (COMP) Complex number calculations (CMPLX) Statistical and regression calculations...
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Underlined ( ___ ) settings are initial defaults. Specifying the Display Format To specify this Perform this key operation: display format: Natural Display (SETUP) (MthIO) (MathO) (MthIO-MathO) Natural Display (SETUP) (MthIO) (LineO) (MthIO-LineO) Linear Display (SETUP) (LineIO) (LineIO) Natural Display (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) causes fractions, irrational numbers, and other expressions to be displayed as they are written on paper.
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MthIO-LineO (Number Format: Norm 2) LineIO (Number Format: Norm 1) Note • The calculator switches to Linear Display automatically whenever you enter the STAT, BASE-N, MATRIX, or VECTOR Mode. Specifying the Default Angle Unit To specify this as the Perform this key operation: default angle unit: Degrees (SETUP)
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Fix: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of decimal places for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed. Example: (LineIO) 100 ÷ 7 = 14.286 (Fix 3) 14.29 (Fix 2) Sci: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of significant digits for displayed calculation results.
Specifying the Stat Format Specifies whether or not to display a FREQ (frequency) column in the STAT Mode Statistics Editor. To specify this: Perform this key operation: Show FREQ Column (SETUP) (STAT) (ON) Hide FREQ Column (SETUP) (STAT) (OFF) Specifying the Decimal Point Display Format Specifies whether to display a dot or a comma for the calculation result decimal point.
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Angle Unit Number Format Norm 1 Fraction Display Format Complex Number a+bi Format Stat Format Decimal Point...
Inputting Expressions and Values Basic Input Rules Calculations can be input in the same form as they are written. When you press the priority sequence of the input calculation will be evaluated automatically and the result will appear on the display. Example 1: 4 ×...
• When Natural Display is selected, pressing while the cursor is at the end of the input calculation will cause it to jump to the beginning, while pressing while the cursor is at the beginning will cause it to jump to the end. •...
Overwrite Input Mode (Linear Display only) You can select either insert or overwrite as the input mode, but only while Linear Display is selected. In the overwrite mode, text you input replaces the text at the current cursor location. You can toggle between the insert and overwrite modes by performing the operations: (INS).
Basic Calculations Use the key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform basic calculations. (COMP) Toggling Calculation Results While Natural Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its fraction form and decimal form, its √...
Important! • Depending on the type of calculation result that is on the display when you press the key, the conversion process may take some time to perform. • With certain calculation results, pressing the key will not convert the displayed value.
• Fractions in calculation results are displayed after being reduced to their lowest terms. To switch a calculation result between improper fraction and mixed fraction form: (a b c d c ) Perform the following key operation: To switch a calculation result between fraction and decimal form: Press Percent Calculations Inputting a value and pressing...
Note • You must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even if they are zero. Example 1: 2°20’30” + 39’30” = 3°00’00” 3°0’0” Example 2: Convert 2°15’18” to its decimal equivalent. 2°15’18” (Converts sexagesimal to decimal.) 2.255 (Converts decimal to sexagesimal.) 2°15’18”...
(←) 0.000123×10 Calculation History and Replay Calculation History In the COMP, CMPLX, or BASE-N Mode, the calculator remembers up to approximately 200 bytes of data for the newest calculation. You can scroll through calculation history contents using Example: 1 + 1 = 2 2 + 2 = 4 3 + 3 = 6 (Scrolls back.)
Using Memory Functions Answer Memory (Ans) The last calculation result obtained is stored in Ans (answer) memory. Ans memory contents are updated whenever a new calculation result is displayed. Answer Memory contents are updated whenever you execute a calculation using any one of the following keys: (M-), (STO).
To recall the contents of variable A (Continuing) To clear the contents of variable A (STO) Independent Memory (M) You can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory. The "M" indicator appears on the display when there is any value other than zero stored in independent memory.
Function Calculations Use the key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform function calculations. (COMP) Note: Using functions can slow down a calculation, which may delay display of the result. Do not perform any subsequent operation while waiting for the calculation result to appear.
(sinh) 1 1.175201194 Example 2: cosh 1 = 0 (cosh Angle Unit Conversion °, : These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees, radians, and grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (DRG ).
(,) 16 (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) Example 3: ) = 6 (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) Example 4: = 8 (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) Example 5: To calculate ln 90 (= log 90) to three significant digits (Sci 3) (SETUP) (Sci) 4.50×10 Power Functions and Power Root Functions Note that the input methods for , and...
(MthIO-MathO) 3√2 4.243 (LineIO) 4.243 Example 6: √5 + √-27 = -1.290024053 (LineIO) -1.290024053 Example 7: = 12 (LineIO) Note • The following functions cannot be input in consecutive sequence: x . If you input 2 , for example, the final will be ignored.
(1) Positive Part (2) Negative Part When integration values fluctuate widely due to minute shifts in the integration interval Divide the integration interval into multiple parts (in a way that breaks areas of wide fluctuation into small parts), perform integration on each part, and then combine the results.
Differential Calculation Precautions • Differential calculation can be performed in the COMP Mode only. • The following cannot be used in f(x), a, b, or tol: Pol, Rec, ∫, d/dx, Σ. • When using a trigonometric function in f(x), specify Rad as the angle unit.
Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion Pol converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, while Rec converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates. (1) Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) (2) Polar Coordinates (Pol) Specify the angle unit before performing calculations. The calculation result for r and θ and for x and y are each assigned Calculation result θ...
Factorial Function (!) Example: (5 + 3)! = 40320 (x!) 40320 Absolute Value Function (Abs) Note that the input method is different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. Example: |2 - 7| × 2 = 10 (MthIO-MathO) (Abs) 2 (LineIO)
(RanInt) 1 (,) 6 (Results shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will differ.) Permutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr) Example: To determine the number of permutations and combinations possible when selecting four people from a group of 10. Permutations: 10 (nPr) 4 5040...
Using CALC CALC lets you save calculation expressions that contain variables, which you can then recall and execute in the COMP Mode and the CMPLX Mode. The following describes the types of expressions you can save with CALC. • Expressions: 2X + 3Y, 2AX + 3BX + C, A + Bi •...
(CMPLX) (CMPLX) ( r∠θ) 2∠30 2∠60 To exit CALC: Note • During the time from when you press until you exit CALC by pressing , you should use Linear Display input procedures for input. Using SOLVE SOLVE uses Newton's method to approximate the solution of equations. Note that SOLVE can be used in the COMP Mode only.
(SOLVE) (1) Prompts for input of a value for Y (2) Current value of Y (3) Current value of X Input an initial value for X (Here, input 1): Solution Screen To exit SOLVE: Note • During the time from when you press (SOLVE) until you exit SOLVE by pressing , you should use Linear Display input procedures for input.
(1) Equation (The equation you input.) (2) Variable solved for (3) Solution (4) (Left Side) - (Right Side) result "(Left Side) - (Right Side) result" shows the result when the right side of the equation is subtracted from the left side, after assigning the obtained value to the variable being solved for.
Scientific Constants Your calculator comes with 40 built-in scientific constants that can be used in any mode besides BASE-N. Each scientific constant is displayed as a unique symbol (such as π), which can be used inside of calculations. To input a scientific constant into a calculation, press (CONST) and then input the two-digit number that corresponds to the constant you want.
Metric Conversion The calculator's built-in metric conversion commands make it simple to convert values from one unit to another. You can use the metric conversion commands in any calculation mode except for BASE-N and TABLE. To input a metric conversion command into a calculation, press (CONV) and then input the two-digit number that corresponds to the command you want.
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17: pc km 18: km pc 19: km/h m/s 20: m/s km/h 21: oz g 22: g oz 23: lb kg 24: kg lb 25: atm Pa 26: Pa atm 27: mmHg Pa 28: Pa mmHg 29: hp kW 30: kW hp 31: kgf/cm 32: Pa kgf/cm 33: kgf •...
Using Calculation Modes Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX) To perform complex number calculations, first press (CMPLX) to enter the CMPLX Mode. You can use either rectangular coordinates (a+bi) or polar coordinates (r∠θ) to input complex numbers. Complex number calculation results are displayed in accordance with the complex number format setting on the setup menu.
CMPLX Mode Calculation Examples Example 1: (1 - i) i (MthIO-MathO) (Complex number format: a +bi) Example 2: (1 + i) + (1 - i) = 0 (MthIO-MathO) Example 3: To obtain the conjugate complex number of 2 + 3i (Complex number format: a+bi) (CMPLX) (Conjg) 2...
To select this type of statistical calculation: Press this key: (Regression formula shown in parentheses) Single-variable (X) (1-VAR) Paired-variable (X, Y), linear regression (A+BX) (y = A + Bx) Paired-variable (X, Y), quadratic regression (_+CX (y = A + Bx + Cx Paired-variable (X, Y), logarithmic regression (ln X) (y = A + Blnx)
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The Statistics Editor provides 80 rows for data input when there is an X column only, 40 rows when there are X and FREQ columns or X and Y columns, or 26 rows when there are X, Y, and FREQ columns. Note •...
To delete all Statistics Editor contents: In the Statistics Editor, perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Edit) (Del-A). Statistics Calculation Screen The Statistics Calculation Screen is for performing statistical calculations with the data you input with the Statistics Editor. Pressing the while the Statistics Editor is displayed switches to the Statistics Calculation Screen.
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Display the Var sub-menu of commands for (Var) calculating the mean, standard deviation, etc. Display the Distr sub-menu of commands for Single-variable: normal distribution calculations (Distr) • For more information, see "Performing Normal Distribution Calculations". Display the Reg sub-menu of commands for regression calculations Paired-variable: •...
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Distr Sub-menu ( (STAT) (Distr)) (P() This menu can be used to calculate the (Q() probability of standard normal distribution. • For details see "Performing Normal (R() Distribution Calculations". ( t) MinMax Sub-menu ( (STAT) (MinMax)) Select this menu When you want to obtain this: item: (minX) Minimum value...
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Var Sub-menu ( (STAT) (Var)) Select this menu When you want to obtain this: item: Number of samples Mean of the X-data (σ Population standard deviation of the X-data Sample standard deviation of the X-data Mean of the Y-data (σ Population standard deviation of the Y-data Sample standard deviation of the Y-data Reg Sub-menu (...
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Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX ) Is Selected Reg Sub-menu ( (STAT) (Reg)) Select this menu When you want to obtain this: item: Regression coefficient constant term A Linear coefficient B of the regression coefficients Quadratic coefficient C of the regression coefficients (x ˆ...
menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Distr). P, Q, R: These functions take the argument t and determine a probability of standard normal distribution as illustrated below. t: This function is preceded by the argument X, and determines the X - x normalized variate X t = σx...
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The initial default number mode when you enter the BASE-N Mode is decimal, which means input and calculation results use the decimal number format. Press one of the following keys to switch number modes: (DEC) for decimal, (HEX) for hexadecimal, (BIN) for binary, or (OCT) for octal.
-2147483648 ≦ x ≦ 2147483647 Decimal 00000000 ≦ x ≦ 7FFFFFFF 80000000 ≦ x ≦ FFFFFFFF Positive: Hexadecimal Negative: Specifying the Number Mode of a Particular Input Value You can input a special command immediately following a value to specify the number mode of that value.
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Press this key: When you want to input this: Logical operator "and" (logical product), (and) which returns the result of a bitwise AND Logical operator "or" (logical sum), which (or) returns the result of a bitwise OR Logical operator "xor" (exclusive logical (xor) sum), which returns the result of a bitwise Logical operator "xnor"...
(BASE) (Not) 1010 1111111111110101 Example 6: To negate (take the two's complement) of 101101 (Neg(101101 (BASE) (Neg) 101101 1111111111010011 Note • In the case of a negative binary, octal or hexadecimal value, the calculator converts the value to binary, takes the two's complement, and then converts back to the original number base.
• To solve 2x + x - 3 = 0, for example, press in step 2, and then input the following for the coefficients (a = 2, b = 1, c = -3): 2 • To change a coefficient value you already have input, move the cursor to the appropriate cell, input the new value, and then press •...
(EQN) X + b Y + c Z = d (X=) (Y=) (Z=) Example 3: + x + = 0 (MthIO-MathO) (EQN) + bX + c = 0) √2 =) - √2 Example 4: - 2√2x + 2 = 0 (MthIO-MathO) (EQN) + bX + c = 0) (X=)
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1. Press (MATRIX) to enter the MATRIX Mode. 2. Press (MatA) (2×2). • This will display the Matrix Editor for input of the elements of the 2 × 2 matrix you specified for MatA. (1) "A" stands for "MatA". 3. Input the elements of MatA: 2 4.
Matrix Answer Memory Whenever the result of a calculation executed in the MATRIX Mode is a matrix, the MatAns screen will appear with the result. The result also will be assigned to a variable named "MatAns". The MatAns variable can be used in calculations as described below. •...
• If you want to copy MatA, for example, perform the following key operation: (MATRIX) (Data) (MatA). • If you want to copy MatAns contents, perform the following to display the MatAns screen: (MATRIX) (MatAns) 2. Press (STO), and then perform one of the following key operations to specify the copy destination: (MatA), (MatB), or...
(MATRIX) (MatA) (MATRIX) (MatA) Creating a Numerical Table from a Function (TABLE) TABLE generates a numerical table for x and f(x) using an input f(x) function. Perform the following steps to generate a numerical table. 1. Press (TABLE) to enter the TABLE Mode. 2.
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Input the increment step (Default = 1). Note: The Step specifies by how much the Start value should be sequentially incremented as the numerical table is generated. If you Step? specify Start = 1 and Step = 1, X sequentially will be assigned the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on to generate the numerical table until the End value is reached.
Important! • The function you input for numerical table generation is deleted whenever you display the setup menu in the TABLE Mode and switch between Natural Display and Linear Display. Vector Calculations (VECTOR) Use the VECTOR Mode to perform 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional vector calculations.
(2) "Ans" stands for "VctAns". Note: "VctAns" stands for "Vector Answer Memory". See "Vector Answer Memory" for more information. Vector Answer Memory Whenever the result of a calculation executed in the VECTOR Mode is a vector, the VctAns screen will appear with the result. The result also will be assigned to a variable named "VctAns".
• If you want to copy VctA, for example, perform the following key operation: (VECTOR) (Data) (VctA). • If you want to copy VctAns contents, perform the following to display the VctAns screen: (VECTOR) (VctAns) 2. Press (STO), and then perform one of the following key operations to specify the copy destination: (VctA), (VctB), or...
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Example 7: Determine the angle formed by VctA and VctB to three , which becomes θ = cos decimal places (Fix 3). (Angle unit: Deg) (A∙B) (A∙B) (cosθ = |A||B| |A||B| (SETUP) (Fix) (VECTOR) (VctA) (VECTOR) (Dot) (VECTOR) (VctB) (Abs) (VECTOR) (VctA) (Abs)
Technical Information Errors The calculator will display an error message whenever an error occurs for any reason during a calculation. There are two ways to exit an error message display: Pressing to display the location of the error, or pressing to clear the message and calculation.
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• Your input exceeds the allowable input range (particularly when using functions). • The calculation you are performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). Action: • Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again. •...
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• You are trying to perform a calculation with matrices or vectors whose dimensions do not allow that type of calculation. Action: • Specify the dimension of the matrix or vector and then perform the calculation again. • Check the dimensions specified for the matrices or vectors to see if they are compatible with the calculation.
Action: • Try increasing the tol value. Note that this also decreases solution precision. Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator... Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step.
3. Remove the battery, and then load a new battery with its plus (+) and minus (-) ends facing correctly. 4. Replace the cover. 5. Initialize the calculator: (CLR) (All) (Yes). • Do not skip the above step! Calculation Priority Sequence The priority sequence of input calculations is evaluated in accordance with the rules below.
Permutation (nPr), combination (nCr), complex number polar coordinate symbol (∠) Dot product (•) Multiplication (×), division (÷) Addition (+), subtraction (-) and (logical operator) or, xor, xnor (logical operators) Note • When squaring a negative value (such as -2), the value being squared must be enclosed in parentheses ( ).
π form. It also can cause calculation results that should be in decimal form to appear in π form. Specifications fx-570ES PLUS Power Requirements: AAA-size battery R03 (UM-4) × 1 Approximate Battery Life:...
Approximate Weight: 95 g (3.4 oz) including the battery Verifying the Authenticity of Your Calculator Use the steps below to verify that your calculator is a genuine CASIO calculator. 1. Press 2. Press • This displays the information below. - Calculator ID number (24-character string) - QR Code for accessing the Worldwide Education Service (https://wes.casio.com/calc/)
(Setup) (Yes). ■ When I execute a function calculation, why do I get a calculation result that is completely different from older CASIO calculator models? → With a Natural Textbook Display model, the argument of a function that uses parentheses must be followed by a closing parenthesis. Failing to...
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Older (S-V.P.A.M.) Model: 15.5 Natural Textbook Display Model: (LineIO) 15.5 Failure to press here as shown below will result in calculation of sin 0.7071067812...
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