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Decagon Devices SC-1 Operator's Manual

Leaf porometer
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L e a f P o r o m e t e r
Operator's Manual
Version 8

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  • Page 1 L e a f P o r o m e t e r Operator’s Manual Version 8...
  • Page 2 Decagon Devices, Inc. 2365 NE Hopkins Court Pullman, WA 99163 Tel: (509) 332-2756 Fax: (509) 332-5158 www.decagon.com Trademarks: “Leaf Porometer” is a registered trademark of Decagon Devices, Inc. © 2005-2010 Decagon Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....1 Customer Support....... . 1 Warranty .
  • Page 4 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration ..31 5. Leaf Porometer Utility ..45 Downloading Your Data ......46 How Saved Data Are Organized .

  • Page 5: Introduction

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 1. Introduction 1. Introduction Thank you for purchasing Decagon Devices’ Leaf Porometer. The Leaf Porometer is a device used to measure stomatal conductance in leaves. This manual is designed to help you understand the functions of your Leaf Porometer, make high-quality stomatal conductance measurements, and help you get the most out of your Leaf Porometer.

  • Page 6: Seller's Liability

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 1. Introduction Seller’s Liability Seller warrants new equipment of its own manufacture against defective workmanship and materials for a period of one year from the date of receipt of equipment (the results of ordinary wear and tear, neglect, misuse, accident and excessive deterioration due to corrosion from any cause are not considered to be a defect);...

  • Page 7: Repair Costs

    Leaf Porometer, and ship it back to you. Please pack your Leaf Porometer carefully. Ship it back in the carrying case, preferably inside a cardboard box. Ship to: Decagon Devices Inc. 2365 NE Hopkins Court Pullman, WA 99163 Repair Costs Manufacturer’s defects and instruments under warranty will...

  • Page 8: About The Leaf Porometer

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 2. About the Leaf Porometer 2. About the Leaf Porometer The Leaf Porometer is a battery-operated, menu-driven device used to measure stomatal conductance of leaves. Sto- matal conductance is a function of the density, size, and degree of opening, of stomata, which are pores in plants that open to the outside air.

  • Page 9: Overview Of The Leaf Porometer

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 2. About the Leaf Porometer Accuracy: 10% Sample Chamber Aperture: 6.35mm (0.25 in) Measurement Range: 0 to 1000 mmol/m Microcontroller Dimensions: 15.8 x 9.5 x 3.3 cm (6.2 x 3.75 x 1.3 in) Data Storage: 4095 measurements Data Retrieval: Direct via RS-232 Keypad: Six-key, menu-driven Clock: 24-hour, +/- one minute per month...

  • Page 10: Keyboard Functions

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 2. About the Leaf Porometer • Calibration plate • Bottle of distilled water • Tweezers • Calibration filter paper disks Keyboard Functions Here is a brief overview of each key’s function:...

  • Page 11: The Sensor Head

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 2. About the Leaf Porometer Power: This key activates and deactivates the Leaf Porometer. (NOTE: The device will auto- matically turn off if not used for more than 10 min- utes or 60 minutes if running in manual mode.) Menu: This key cycles between the three menus at the top of the screen.

  • Page 12: Setting The Time

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 2. About the Leaf Porometer Setting the Time You should make sure that the system time on the porometer is correctly set. This will make sure the timestamps on down- loaded readings are accurate (see “How Saved Data is Orga- nized,”...

  • Page 13: Manual Mode Vs. Auto Mode

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 2. About the Leaf Porometer Manual Mode vs. Auto Mode When the porometer is in Manual Mode (see pg 15 for instructions on how to configure the porometer to Manual Mode), the stomatal conductance is measured directly from the theory presented in Chapter 6 and displayed continu- ously.

  • Page 14: Precautions

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 2. About the Leaf Porometer Mode has several advantages over Manual Mode and other porometers. First, the 30 second Auto Mode measurement duration ensures that stomatal conductance doesn’t change due to the presence of the sensor head. Second, Auto Mode takes only 30 seconds per measurement, ensuring that your measurements are completed in a timely manner.

  • Page 15: The Menus

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus 3. The Menus The Leaf Porometer features three main menus, designed for easy navigability and use. The Measurement Menu The Leaf Porometer displays the Measurement Menu when first powered on. At the top of the screen is the stomatal conductance num- ber at left, and the currently selected unit of measurement at right.
  • Page 16 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus Before beginning a reading, make sure that the Leaf Porom- eter is turned on, and that the sensor head is clean and properly connected. NOTE: Make sure you are holding the sensor in the correct manner. Holding the sensor head correctly is extremely important.

  • Page 17: Measuring Small Leaves & Needles

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus Abaxial (Bottom) Adaxial (Top) Measuring Small Leaves & Needles When measuring small needles or leaves, they should be inserted into the sensor as shown below. This is because sin- gle needles or small leaves (including blades of grass) may not adequately cover the apature of the sensor.
  • Page 18 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus 1. Select Auto mode. (Please see the “Manual Mode” sec- tion later in this Chapter for instructions on how to select an Auto mode from the Configuration Menu.) 2. Return to the Measurement Menu. You will be prompted to press Enter to begin a reading.

  • Page 19: Taking A Manual Mode Measurement

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus 5. The measurement screen will resemble the following. NOTE: In Auto mode, a timer will appear in the upper right hand corner of the screen that indicates how many seconds remain. 6. Once the time limit has expired, the porometer will dis- play the final conductance.

  • Page 20: Saving Data

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus tions with conductances below 20 mmol m . See the section “Manual Mode vs.Auto Mode” in Chapter 2 for details. 2. Return to the Main menu and press Enter. 3. Place the sensor on a leaf. Unlike Automatic mode, there is no time limit for taking readings, and the elapsed time is displayed directly below the system time.
  • Page 21 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus 2. You have three options: 1) Select “Save” and press Enter to save your infor- mation as-is. 2) Select “Discard” and press Enter to return to the main screen and start over with a new reading 3) Select “Annotate”...

  • Page 22: Averaging Readings

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus 4. Repeat this until you reach the last character. If you wish to stop before the end, you will still have to press Enter until you reach the end of the row. Averaging Readings A leaf ’s stomatal conductance depends on the amount of shade and sunlight it receives, the age of the leaf, and its position on the plant.

  • Page 23: Measurement Precautions

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus Remove the sensor from the leaf and wait until the bar on the right drops below the AMB> marker (this may take a while), at which time the “Place sensor on leaf ” screen will reappear.
  • Page 24 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus will always read low. Discard this reading and begin recording with the second. • Avoid leaves that are wet or heavy with dew; never take readings in the rain. • Do not cover the white Teflon disk with your finger, or place your fingers near it, when taking a measure- ment;...
  • Page 25 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus cast days, for example, generally have lower conductances than those taken on sunny ones. Additionally, leaves in shadow or in shade usually have lower conductances than those in greater light. Therefore, make sure to consider the lighting conditions you will be measuring in.

  • Page 26: The Data Menu

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus The Data Menu In this menu, you can view any saved data, download data to a computer, and erase all data stored in the Porometer’s memory. This menu features three sub-menus. View Here you can view measurement data stored on your porometer.
  • Page 27 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus Download This menu option sends the data saved in the porometer to the terminal software running on your computer. NOTE: Your Leaf Porometer comes with the Leaf Porometer Utility software for Microsoft Windows. The Utility makes downloading data to your computer very easy.
  • Page 28 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus Erase This will erase all your stored data records in your Leaf Porometer memory. WARNING! Once this feature is activated, all data will be permanently deleted from the Poromter, and cannot be recovered! To erase data: 1.

  • Page 29: The Configuration Menu

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus The Configuration Menu This menu allows you to alter system settings, such as the current time, date, and operating mode, select the appropri- ate units for your readings, and view information about your Leaf Porometer. There is also a battery icon to the right, indicating how much battery power is currently avail- able.
  • Page 30 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus 2. The current date will appear in the center of the screen, in day/month/year format. A pair of arrows will be present (above and below) the first number. 3. Use the arrow keys to change this number. (Holding down the up/down arrow will allow you to scroll quickly between values.) 4.
  • Page 31 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus 2. The current time will appear in the center of the screen, in 24-hour format. A pair of arrows will be present (one above and below) the first number 3. Use the arrow keys to change this number. (Holding down the up/down arrow will allow you to scrollquickly between values.) 4.
  • Page 32 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus • Auto mode. Takes readings automatically for 30 sec- onds. You must press Enter before placing the sensor on the leaf for Auto mode to work properly. In this mode, you are unable to save your information mid-reading. You must wait until the timer runs out after 30 seconds, then you may save your reading.
  • Page 33 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus Contrast This menu allows you to alter the screen contrast settings. To access it, use the Down arrow key to scroll to it and press Enter. The following screen will appear: Use the arrow keys to alter the contrast level. Press Enter to save or Escape to cancel adjustments.
  • Page 34 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 3. The Menus About Screen This menu displays your Leaf Porometer’s serial number and firmware version.

  • Page 35: Sensor Head Calibration

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration Sensor Head Calibration For the leaf porometer to make accurate readings of sto- matal conductance, the two humidity sensors in the sensor head must behave in a very repeatable manner. Over the past several years, we have found that the sensors occasion- ally change characteristics over time.
  • Page 36 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration The kit contains: • Calibration plate • Tweezers • Bottle of DI water • Calibration filter paper disks • Spacer pin Procedure 1) Equilibrate to field conditions It is critical that the porometer sensor head is in thermal equilibrium with the environment where measurements will be taken.
  • Page 37 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration 3) Verify Sensor Head Equilibrium You will be reminded to make sure the sensor head is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings (see #1 above). Press Enter to move to the next step. 4) Enter Serial Number You will be prompted to enter the sensor head serial num- ber.
  • Page 38 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration 5) Sensor Offset/Stability The sensors must give similar humidity readings for accu- rate stomatal conductance measurements. Before begin- ning a calibration, the leaf porometer checks to make sure that the two sensors in the sensor head agree well with each other.
  • Page 39 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration Open the sensor head and wave the sensor head in the air to mix the air in the diffusion path. To assist in holding the sensor head open for long periods of time a notch in the upper clip will hold a spacer pin, included in your kit, in place.
  • Page 40 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration conductance of 240 mmol m . For the conductance value of the calibration plate to be correct, a flat, moist sur- face must be placed across the hole on the side marked "Fil- ter Paper."...
  • Page 41 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration NOTE: If you need to obtain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for DI water, a printable version is available on our website at www.decagon.com/msds. After wetting the filter paper, using tweezers, lay it flat over the hole in the calibration plate on the side marked "Filter Paper."...
  • Page 42 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration With the moist filter paper in place, slide the calibration plate into the sensor head, making sure you've oriented the side of the plate marked "Metal Block" toward the alumi- num block side of the sensor head. Be sure that the calibration plate is inserted until the alumi- num block is seated firmly against the hard stop on the cali- bration plate.
  • Page 43 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration This will ensure that the hole is properly aligned with the diffusion path in the sensor head. Once the sensor head is attached to the calibration plate, the Leaf Porometer will automatically sense the calibration plate and begin the hydration process.
  • Page 44 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration vapor diffusion will be impeded. It is best to hold the porometer head and calibration plate still or set them down during the calibration. Excessive movement can introduce error into the calibration. 10) Equilibrate Sensors Once the three minute hydration period is finished, you will be prompted to remove the sensor head and equilibrate the...
  • Page 45 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration 12) Calibration Measurements Once the sensor head is attached to the calibration plate, the Leaf Porometer will automatically sense the calibration plate and begin the first calibration measurement. Each calibration measurement will take 30 seconds. The indicator bar at the bottom of the screen and timer at the top right of the screen indicate the status of the calibration measurement.
  • Page 46 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration 10 readings, then there is a problem with the calibration and the following screen will appear. The most common problem is that thermal equilibrium hasn't been reached. Let the porometer equilibrate for a few minutes and repeat the calibration process.
  • Page 47 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 4. Sensor Head Calibration 14) Accuracy Verification It is always a good idea to verify that the calibration was effective. If you wish to do this, go to the measurement menu and make a measurement on the calibration plate. The measured conductance should be close to 240 mmol .

  • Page 48: Leaf Porometer Utility

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility Leaf Porometer Utility Leaf Porometer Utility main screen The Leaf Porometer Utility is a program designed specifi- cally for interfacing with the Leaf Porometer. Use this pro- gram to download measurement data to your computer, erase the Leaf Porometer’s data, set the date and time, and see information about your Leaf Porometer.

  • Page 49: Downloading Your Data

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility • One available serial port or one available USB port (most models of USB-to-serial adapters supported) • Microsoft Excel 97 or better (for saving data as .xls files) You can install the Leaf Porometer Utility using the included CD-ROM (found in the inside cover of the Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual).
  • Page 50 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility Save Leaf Porometer data dialog Name your data file, select where it will be saved to, and in what format. You may choose between the fol- lowing formats: • Microsoft Excel Workbook (*.xls); •...

  • Page 51: How Saved Data Are Organized

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility How Saved Data Are Organized Data are organized in the same way regardless of what for- mat it was saved in. The information will be divided into six columns: 1. Measurement Time 2.

  • Page 52: Erasing Your Data

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility 8. Leaf Temperature in °C or °F 9. Filter Relative Humidity in %RH Filter Temperature in °C or °F Erasing Your Data This will erase all data stored on your Leaf Porometer. WARNING! Once this feature is activated, all data will be permanently deleted from the Leaf Porometer, and cannot be recovered!

  • Page 53: Setting The Date And Time

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility Setting the Date and Time You can set the Leaf Porometer’s date and time by selecting “Set Porometer Date/Time” from the Actions Menu. This will automatically synchronize the Leaf Porometer’s date and time to your computer’s date and time. Calibration Number Sensor Calibration Number screen You can use the Leaf Porometer Utility to enter a calibra-...

  • Page 54: Retrieving Leaf Porometer Information

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility tine, so it is not anticipated that a calibration number should ever be entered in this manner. Retrieving Leaf Porometer Information Choose “View Porometer Information...” from the Actions Menu to see information about your Leaf Poro-meter: Leaf Porometer Information screen If you encounter an error message after clicking this button, please refer to the Troubleshooting section for...

  • Page 55: The Menus And Their Functions

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility The Menus and Their Functions The four menus across the top of the screen allow you to change program settings, and settings on the Leaf Poro- meter. Below is a brief overview of the options each menu contains.
  • Page 56 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility 1. Data File Preferences - Units screen Measurement Units: If you select “Get units from Leaf Porometer settings,” this will save all downloaded measure- ment data in the units used on the Leaf Porometer. You can also choose to override the set-tings in the Leaf Porometer and save your measurement data in one of three units: •...
  • Page 57 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility Temperature Units: This allows you to choose what unit of temperature data files will be saved with, °C (Celsius) or °F (Fahrenheit). Column Headers: This option sets column headers (i.e “Date/Time,” “Temperature”) for saved data files. This feature is on by default.
  • Page 58 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility Command Retries: If you encounter difficulty communicat- ing with your Leaf Porometer, you can set the number of times the computer should automatically try re-sending communications commands (up to 10). Maximum Baud Rate: You can set the maximum baud rate for talking to your Leaf Porometer.
  • Page 59 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility Automatic Internet Version Check: When selected, the util- ity will automatically check for utility updates for the Leaf Porometer Utility when you are connected to the Internet. You can also check for these manually by selecting “Check for Updates...”...
  • Page 60 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 5. Leaf Porometer Utility Send Feedback to Decagon... Provides the user with a way to submit feedback to Decagon. Check for Utility Updates... Goes online and checks for utility updates. Check for Firmware Updates... Goes online and checks for firmware updates for the Leaf Porometer controller.

  • Page 61: Leaf Porometer Theory

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory 6. Leaf Porometer Theory Stomatal Conductance By definition, stomatal conductance is the measure of the rate of passage of carbon dioxide (CO ) or water vapor through the stomata of a leaf. Stomata are small pores on the top and bottom of a leaf that are responsible for taking in and expelling CO and moisture from and to the outside...
  • Page 62 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory The parameters listed above represent the following: The mole fraction of vapor inside the leaf leaf The mole fraction of vapor at node 1 ρ   ˆ The mole fraction of vapor at node 2 −...
  • Page 63 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory The variable of interest is g or the stomatal conductance. First the vapor flux along the diffusion path will be determined using the relative humidity difference between nodes 1 and 2 as follows: −...
  • Page 64 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory where is the molar density of air and D is the vapor diffusivity of water vapor. Both of these quantities are temperature and pressure dependent, however when multiplied together as in equation (3) some of this dependency drops out: ...
  • Page 65 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory Next, we assume that all conductance values are in series so that the flux is constant between any two nodes. We also assume that the temperature of the leaf is equal to the temperature of the first humidity sensor.
  • Page 66 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory Using the rule for series combination of conductance, we can solve for g − (14) Hence, − − ρ ρ − ˆ ˆ (15) ρ ˆ vapor − 1 )( − − (16) Therefore, g is a function of the distances between...
  • Page 67 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory From the Leaf Porometer, the two distances are: = 3.35 mm = 11.43 mm Cooling of the evaporating surface. The equations developed so far assume that the evaporating surface temperature is equal to the sensor 1 temperature. A more realistic assumption is that it cools in proportion to the flux of water vapor, which is proportional to the vapor pressure difference between 1 and 2.
  • Page 68 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory λ − ∆ − − γ γ (20) Where γ λ Is an apparent psychrometer constant and c is the specific heat of air. ∆ − (21) Substituting this into eq. 18 gives −...
  • Page 69 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 6. Leaf Porometer Theory The equation therefore becomes ρ ∆ ˆ vapor − ∆ − − ∆ (24) Where q is − − γ γ γ (25) Both the saturation vapor pressure and its slope have strong temperature dependence, but their ratio is a weak linear function of temperature, so the final form of the equation for q gives a value which is fairly constant with temperature...

  • Page 70: Care And Maintenance

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 7. Care and Maintenance 7. Care and Maintenance Changing the Batteries Although the Leaf Porometer has been designed to provide an excellent battery lifespan, the batteries will eventually require changing. When this happens, a low-battery indica- tor will appear in the upper left hand corner of the screen.
  • Page 71 Use something dry to press the filter completely into its counter bore. If the Teflon Disk becomes damaged discard and replace. Five replacement disks are included, if additional disks are need please contact Decagon Devices.
  • Page 72 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 7. Care and Maintenance Maintaining the Seals & Teflon Disk When you clean your sensor head, be sure to check the con- dition of the seals, and make sure that they are making full contact with the leaf. If the seals require replacement, a spare set has been included in your Leaf Porometer ship- ment.
  • Page 73 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 7. Care and Maintenance agreement in humidity measurements between the two sen- sors, or as nonsensical humidity values from one or both sensor (e.g. >100%). If you suspect that your leaf porometer has been affected by chemical exposure, then the sensors can be re-conditioned to return them to their natural state using the following procedure: 1.

  • Page 74: General Precautions

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 7. Care and Maintenance sensor calibration, so the sensor must be calibrated prior to using. General Precautions While the Leaf Porometer has been designed for quality and durability, it should be kept clean and the batteries always fresh to ensure proper working condition.
  • Page 75 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 7. Care and Maintenance Precautions: • Any data records on the instrument will be erased dur- ing a firmware update so make sure to download any data you wish to save before loading new firmware. • Do not turn off or disconnect your instrument from the communications port while the firmware is updat- ing.
  • Page 76 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 7. Care and Maintenance 3. Select the same communications port in the drop down list on the firmware updater application. 4. Click Start to begin updating the firmware. 5. Wait for the firmware updater to finish before discon- necting your Leaf Porometer and closing the firmware updater application.

  • Page 77: Troubleshooting

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting 8. Troubleshooting The Leaf Porometer is a high performance, low mainte- nance instrument, designed to have few problems if used with care. Unfortunately, some-times even the best opera- tors using the best instruments encounter technical difficul- ties.
  • Page 78 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Quick Guide (continued) If this problem occurs: Refer to: Missing bootstrap loader message ....Problem #7 Firmware corrupted message ......Problem #8 Communication port is already in use..... Problem #9 USB to Serial Port adapter not shown ..Problem #10 Download data to the utility failed ....
  • Page 79 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting 3. PROBLEM: Message on screen displays the following: SOLUTION: Verify that the sensor head is securely connected to the Leaf Porometer's serial port receptacle and restart the reading. If this screen continues to reappear, it is possible that the cable or sensor is faulty and needs to be replaced.
  • Page 80 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting batteries into the battery holder and cycle the power on the instrument. 5. PROBLEM: Message on screen displays the following: SOLUTION: After changing the batteries or loading new firmware onto an instrument, this message may appear. Navigate to the configu- ration menu and verify that the date and time are set properly.
  • Page 81 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting 7. PROBLEM: Message on screen displays the following: SOLUTION: The instrument cannot download new firmware updates. To down-load new firmware to the Leaf Porometer, or to stop this message from displaying, the instrument must be serviced by Decagon.
  • Page 82 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting contact Decagon for the newest firmware version. Note: You will lose any saved data records when you install the new firmware. Therefore, download any data you wish to save before re-loading the new firmware. If this is not an option, contact Decagon for further help.
  • Page 83 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting Downloading data stops in the middle with an error mes- sage saying the utility lost connection with the Leaf Porom- eter. SOLUTION: A noisy serial connection can disrupt the connection between the Utility and the Leaf Porometer. If this error happens regularly, you can try setting your baud rate lower or increasing the number of times a command is sent to the Leaf Porometer.
  • Page 84 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual 8. Troubleshooting Try recalibrating the sensor head. Navigate to the Calibra- tion option in the configuration menu to begin a calibration. If you're still having problems, the inside of the sensor assembly may be dirty. Remove the Teflon disk and clean it thoroughly (see Chapter 7).

  • Page 85: Further Reading

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Further Reading Further Reading For more information on porometry, stomatal conductance, and how porometers work, consider reading: Campbell, G. S and Norman, J.M. An Introduction to Envi- ronmental Biophysics. Springer-Verlag: New York, Heidelberg, Berlin. Second Ed. 1998. pp. 90-92 Jones, H.G.

  • Page 86: Ce Compliance

    Year of First Manufacture: 2005 This is to certify that the Leaf Porometer, manufactured by Decagon Devices, Inc., a corporation based in Pullman, Washington, USA, meets or exceeds the standards for CE compliance as per the Council Directives noted above. All...

  • Page 87: Appendix A - Send Feedback

    Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Appendix A - Send Feedback Appendix A - Send Feedback Decagon Software makes it easy to send feedback, bug reports, and feature requests to Decagon or your Decagon Distributor. Choose “Send Feedback to Decagon...” from the help menu. This opens the window shown below.
  • Page 88 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Appendix A - Send Feedback Enter your name, and other contact information. Tell us what type of feedback you are sending (General Feedback, Feature Suggestions, Bug Report, or Other). Indicate how you want us to respond to your feedback (E-mail or tele- phone).
  • Page 89 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Index Index Abaxial conductance 12 Annotating data 17 Appendix A 86 Arrow keys 7 Automatic mode 28 Averaging readings 18 Batteries changing Batteries type Button descriptions 6 Carbon dioxide 21 CE compliance 84 Comm ports, force find all 55 Configuration menu 25 Contrast adjusting using the contrast menu...
  • Page 90 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Index Enter key 7 Enviromental effects on readings 20 Environmental effects on readings 21 Erasing data 23 Escape key 7 External sensor cleaning the sensor block External sensor 12, 34 correct hand position Fax number 1 Further reading 84 General precautions 72 How the Leaf Porometer works 58...
  • Page 91 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Index setting date & time system requirements troubleshooting version checks Light 20 Main menu 11 Manual mode 28 Material Safety Data Sheet 37 Measurement saving taking in automatic mode taking in manual mode Menu key 7 Mode selecting Phone number...
  • Page 92 Leaf Porometer Operator’s Manual Index Tech support 1 Temperature 21 Units explanations of Viewing data 22 Warranty 1...

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