u-blox LEON-G100 System Integration Manual
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u-blox LEON-G100 System Integration Manual

u-blox LEON-G100 System Integration Manual

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LEON-G100 / LEON-G200
quad-band GSM/GPRS
Data and Voice Modules
System Integration Manual
Abstract
This document describes the features and integration of the
LEON-G100/G200 quad-band GSM/GPRS data and voice modules.
The LEON-G100/G200 are complete and cost efficient solutions,
bringing full feature quad-band GSM/GPRS data and voice
transmission technology in a compact form factor.
www.u-blox.com
29.5 x 18.9 x 3.0 mm

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  • Page 1 Abstract This document describes the features and integration of the LEON-G100/G200 quad-band GSM/GPRS data and voice modules. The LEON-G100/G200 are complete and cost efficient solutions, bringing full feature quad-band GSM/GPRS data and voice transmission technology in a compact form factor.
  • Page 2 07.60.02 GSM.G1-SW-10013 This document and the use of any information contained therein, is subject to the acceptance of the u-blox terms and conditions. They can be downloaded from www.u-blox.com. u-blox makes no warranties based on the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice.

  • Page 3: Preface

    Preface u-blox Technical Documentation As part of our commitment to customer support, u-blox maintains an extensive volume of technical documentation for our products. In addition to our product-specific technical data sheets, the following manuals are available to assist u-blox customers in product design and development.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    System description ....................... 7 Overview .............................. 7 Architecture ............................8 1.2.1 Functional blocks ........................... 9 1.2.2 Hardware differences between LEON-G100 and LEON-G200 ............10 Pin-out ............................... 10 Operating modes ..........................13 Power management ........................... 15 1.5.1 Power supply circuit overview ...................... 15 1.5.2...
  • Page 5 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Design-in checklist ..........................83 2.1.1 Schematic checklist ........................83 2.1.2 Layout checklist ........................... 83 2.1.3 Antenna checklist ........................84 Design Guidelines for Layout ......................84 2.2.1 Layout guidelines per pin function ....................84 2.2.2...
  • Page 6 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 4.2.5 Repeated reflow soldering ......................113 4.2.6 Wave soldering.......................... 113 4.2.7 Hand soldering .......................... 113 4.2.8 Rework ............................113 4.2.9 Conformal coating ........................113 4.2.10 Casting ............................114 4.2.11 Grounding metal covers ......................114 4.2.12...

  • Page 7: System Description

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 1 System description 1.1 Overview LEON-G100/LEON-G200 GSM/GPRS modules integrate a full-featured Release 99 GSM-GPRS protocol stack, with the following main characteristics.  Quad-band support: GSM 850 MHz, EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz ...

  • Page 8: Architecture

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 1.2 Architecture 32.768 kHz 26 MHz Power-On Reset Switch Transceiver GPIO Filter DDC (for GPS) SIM Card Memory UART Baseband 2 Analog Audio Headset Detection Power Digital Audio Management V_BCKP Figure 1: LEON-G100 block diagram 32.768 kHz...

  • Page 9: Functional Blocks

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 1.2.1 Functional blocks LEON-G100/LEON-G200 modules consist of the following functional blocks:   Baseband  Power Management 1.2.1.1 The RF block is composed of the following main elements:  RF transceiver (integrated in the GSM/GPRS single chip) performing modulation, up-conversion of the baseband I/Q signals, down-conversion and demodulation of the RF received signals.

  • Page 10: Hardware Differences Between Leon-G100 And Leon-G200

     Charging control circuitry is available on the LEON-G200 module only  ADC input is provided on the LEON-G100 module only 1.3 Pin-out Table 1 describes the pin-out of LEON-G100/LEON-G200 modules, with pins grouped by function. Function Description Remarks Power...
  • Page 11 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Function Description Remarks I2S_TXD S transmit data Check device specifications to ensure compatibility of supported modes to LEON-G100/LEON-G200 module. Add a test point to provide access to the pin for debugging. See section 1.10.2.
  • Page 12 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Function Description Remarks UART transmitted data Internal active pull-up to 2.85 V enabled. Circuit 103 (TxD) in V.24. See section 1.9.1. UART received data Circuit 104 (RxD) in V.24. See section 1.9.1. C bus clock line Fixed open drain.

  • Page 13: Operating Modes

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 1.4 Operating modes LEON-G100/LEON-G200 modules include several operating modes, each have different features and interfaces. Table 2 summarizes the various operating modes and provides general guidelines for operation. Operating Mode Description Features / Remarks...
  • Page 14 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Operating Mode Description Features / Remarks Transition condition Connected-Mode Voice or data call enabled. The module is switched on and a voice When call terminates, module returns to call or a data call (GSM/GPRS) is in the last operating state (Idle or Active).

  • Page 15: Power Management

    RTC can be externally supplied via V_BCKP pin. When a 1.8 V or a 3 V SIM card type is connected, LEON-G100/LEON-G200 automatically supply the SIM card via VSIM pin. Activation and deactivation of the SIM interface with automatic voltage switch from 1.8 to 3 V is implemented, in accordance to the ISO-IEC 78-16-e specifications.

  • Page 16: Module Supply (Vcc)

    The voltage provided to VCC pin must be within the normal operating range limits specified in the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]. Complete functionality of the module is only guaranteed within the specified operational normal voltage range.
  • Page 17 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual When designing the power supply for the application, pay specific attention to power losses and transients. The DC power supply has to be able to provide a voltage profile to the VCC pin with the...
  • Page 18 The switching step-down regulator is the typical choice when the available primary supply source has a nominal voltage much higher (e.g. greater than 5 V) than the LEON-G100/LEON-G200 operating supply voltage. The use of switching step-down provides the best power efficiency for the overall application and minimizes current drawn from main supply source.
  • Page 19 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual PWM mode and high efficiency burst or PFM mode can be used, provided the mode transition occurs when the GSM module changes status from idle mode (current consumption approximately 1 mA) to active mode (current consumption approximately 100 mA): it is permissible to use a regulator that switches from the PWM mode to the burst or PFM mode at an appropriate current threshold (e.g.
  • Page 20 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 LEON-G200 SYNC COMP Figure 7: Suggested schematic design for the VCC voltage supply application circuit using a low cost step-down regulator Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer 22 µF Capacitor Ceramic X5R 1210 10% 25 V GRM32ER61E226KE15 –...
  • Page 21 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 LEON-G200 SHDN Figure 8: Suggested schematic design for the VCC voltage supply application circuit using an LDO linear regulator Reference Description Part Number - Manufacturer 10 µF Capacitor Ceramic X5R 0603 20% 6.3 V GRM188R60J106ME47 - Murata 10 µF Capacitor Ceramic X5R 0603 20% 6.3 V...
  • Page 22 GSM call (when current consumption on the VCC supply can rise up to 2.5 A in the worst case), place a 330 µF low ESR capacitor (e.g. KEMET T520D337M006ATE045) located near VCC pin of LEON-G100/LEON-G200. To reduce voltage ripple and noise, place near VCC pin of the LEON-G100/LEON-G200 the following components: ...

  • Page 23: Current Consumption Profiles

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 1.5.3 Current consumption profiles During operation, the current consumed by LEON-G100/LEON-G200 through VCC pin can vary by several orders of magnitude. This is applied to ranges from the high peak of current consumption during the GSM transmitting bursts at maximum power level in connected mode, to the low current consumption in idle mode when power saving configuration is enabled.
  • Page 24 The power saving configuration is by default disabled, but it can be enabled using the appropriate AT command (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+UPSV command). When the power saving is enabled, the module automatically enters idle-mode whenever possible.
  • Page 25 Power saving configuration is by default disabled, or it can be disabled using the appropriate AT command (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+UPSV command). When power saving is disabled, the module doesn’t automatically enter idle-mode whenever possible: the module remains in active mode.

  • Page 26: Battery Charger (Leon-G200 Only)

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Current [mA] ~150 mA 20-22 mA Time [s] 0.47-2.12 s Paging period Current [mA] ~150 mA 38-40 mA 20-22 mA 20-22 mA Time [ms] Enabled Enabled ACTIVE MODE Figure 13: Description of the VCC current consumption profile versus time when power saving is disabled: active-mode is always held, and the receiver and the DSP are periodically activated to monitor the paging channel for paging block reception 1.5.4 Battery charger (LEON-G200 only)
  • Page 27 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual The V_CHARGE pin is the charger supply input: it sinks the charge current that is typically in the order of several hundred of mA. The CHARGE_SENSE pin is connected to an internal ADC converter to measure the charging voltage: it senses the charger voltage and sinks a few µA.
  • Page 28 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual charger parts and to gently charge the deeply discharged batteries: the average pre-charge current is ~1/8 (i.e. 12.5%) of the current provided by the external charger, so it is ~1/8 of the external charger current limit.
  • Page 29 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Maximum voltage The voltage limit of the external charger must be ≤ 15 V. Since the module is not provided with an internal overvoltage protection circuit on V_CHARGE and CHARGE_SENSE pins, the charging voltage must be lower or...
  • Page 30 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 15.0 900 1000 1100 Figure 15: Valid area for the charger V-I output characteristics using a battery with a max DC charging current equal to 600 mA For example, Figure 16 shows the valid area for the charger V-I output characteristics using a battery with a maximum DC charging current greater than 1000 mA: the maximum acceptable charging current is defined by the module requirement (1000 mA).

  • Page 31: Rtc Supply (V_Bckp)

    The RTC provides the time reference (date and time) of the module, also in power-off mode, since the RTC runs when the V_BCKP voltage is within its valid range (specified in LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]). The RTC block is able to provide programmable alarm functions by means of the internal 32.768 kHz clock.

  • Page 32: System Functions

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 / LEON-G100 / LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 LEON-G200 LEON-G200 V_BCKP V_BCKP V_BCKP (superCap) Figure 17: Real time clock supply (V_BCKP) application circuits: (a) using a 100 µF capacitor to let the RTC run for 50 seconds at 25°C;...
  • Page 33 The detailed electrical characteristics are described in LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]. PWR_ON pin has high input impedance and is weakly pulled to the high level on the module. Avoid keep it floating in noisy environment.
  • Page 34 RESET_N pin low and any signal from the module digital interfaces is held in reset state. The reset state of all the digital pins is reported in the pin description table of the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1].
  • Page 35 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual by the action of the internal pull-up and the configuration of the module interfaces will start: during this phase any digital pin is set in a proper sequence from reset state to the default operational configuration. The module is fully ready to operate when all the interfaces are configured.

  • Page 36: Module Power Off

    An under-voltage shutdown will be done if VCC falls below the extended operating range minimum limit (see LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]), but in this case the current parameter settings are not saved in the module’s non-volatile memory and a proper network detach cannot be performed.

  • Page 37: Module Reset

    For more details about the general precautions for ESD immunity about RESET_N pin, refer to chapter 2.5.1. The reset state of each digital pin is reported in the pin description table in the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]. The electrical characteristics of RESET_N are different from the other digital I/O interfaces. The high and low logic levels have different operating ranges and absolute maximum ratings.
  • Page 38 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 1.88 V Reset 12.6 k push button RESET_N Ferrite Bead 47 pF Application Processor LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 1.88 V 12.6 k RESET_N Ferrite Bead 47 pF Figure 21: Application circuits to reset the module using a push button or using an application processor...
  • Page 39 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 1.88 V 12.6 k RESET_N Ferrite Bead 330 k 47 pF Application Processor LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 1.88 V 22 k 12.6 k INPUT RESET_N Ferrite Bead 330 k 47 pF...

  • Page 40: Note: Tri-Stated External Signal

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Depends on the pull-down strength (~35 µs with 680 k) HIGH = 1.88 V RESET_N LOW = 0 V time [µs] Reset state start Reset state end Figure 23: RESET_N behavior due to an internal reset 1.6.4 Note: Tri-stated external signal...

  • Page 41: Sim Interface

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual The recommendations of the antenna producer for correct installation and deployment (PCB layout and matching circuitry) must be followed. If an external antenna is used, the PCB-to-RF-cable transition must be implemented using either a suitable 50 Ω...

  • Page 42: Sim Functionality

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 / SIM CARD LEON-G200 HOLDER VSIM CCVCC (C1) CCVPP (C6) SIM_IO CCIO (C7) SIM_CLK CCCLK (C3) SIM_RST CCRST (C2) SIM Card Bottom View GND (C5) (contacts side) Figure 24: SIM interface application circuit...

  • Page 43: Serial Communication

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]. LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules are designed to operate as a GSM/GPRS modem, which represents the data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) as described by the ITU-T V.24 Recommendation [4]. A customer application processor connected to the module through the UART interface represents the data terminal equipment (DTE).
  • Page 44 (see u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT&K command): hardware flow control (RTS/CTS), software flow control (XON/XOFF), or no flow control. Autobauding is supported. It can be enabled or disabled by an AT command (see u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+IPR command). Autobauding is enabled by default.
  • Page 45 At the module switch-on, before the initialization of the UART interface (each pin is first tristated and then set to its relative reset state reported in the pin description table in LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1] (see the power on sequence description in Figure 19). At the end of the boot sequence, the UART interface is initialized, the module is by default in active mode and the UART interface is enabled.
  • Page 46 If RTS is set to OFF state by the DTE, the module automatically enters idle-mode whenever possible as in the AT+UPSV=1 configuration (cyclic idle/active mode) For more details refer to chapter 1.9.1.3 and u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+UPSV command. DSR signal behavior If AT&S0 is set, the DSR module output line is set by default to ON state (low level) at UART initialization and is...
  • Page 47 The RI line can notify an SMS arrival. When the SMS arrives, the RI line switches from OFF to ON for 1 s (see Figure 27), if the feature is enabled by the proper AT command (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+CNMI command).
  • Page 48 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual AT+UPSV HW flow control RTS line Communication during idle mode and wake up Enabled (AT&K3) Data sent by the DTE will be correctly received by the module. Enabled (AT&K3) Data sent by the module will be buffered by the module and will be correctly received by the DTE when it will be ready to receive data (i.e.
  • Page 49 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual  Every subsequent character received during the active-mode, resets and restarts the timer; hence the active- mode duration can be extended indefinitely. The behavior of hardware flow-control output (CTS line) during normal module operations with power-saving and HW flow control enabled (cyclic idle-mode and active-mode) is illustrated in Figure 28.
  • Page 50 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Wake up from idle-mode to active-mode via data reception If a data is transmitted by the DTE during the module idle-mode, it will be lost (not correctly received by the module) in the following cases: ...
  • Page 51 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Figure 30 shows the case where in addition to the wake-up character further (valid) characters are sent. The wake up character wakes-up the DCE. The other characters must be sent after the “wake up time” of 20 ms. If this condition is met, the characters are recognized by the DCE.
  • Page 52 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Application Processor LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 (DTE) (DCE) 0 Ω 0 Ω Figure 31: UART interface application circuit with complete V.24 link in the DTE/DCE serial communication Providing the TxD, RxD, RTS and CTS lines only (not using the complete V.24 link)
  • Page 53 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Providing the TxD and RxD lines only (not using the complete V24 link) If the functionality of the CTS, RTS, DSR, DCD, RI and DTR lines is not required in the application, or the lines are not available, the application circuit described in Figure 33 must be implemented: ...
  • Page 54 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual It is highly recommended to provide on an application board a direct access to RxD and TxD lines of the module (in addition to access to these lines from an application processor). This enables a direct connection of PC (or similar) to the module for execution of Firmware upgrade over the UART.

  • Page 55: Ddc (I C) Interface

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules to ease the design effort required to integrate a u-blox wireless module with a u blox GPS receiver.
  • Page 56 AT Commands Manual [2]). The SDA and SCL lines must be connected to the DDC (I C) interface pins of the u-blox GPS receiver (i.e. the SDA2 and SCL2 pins of the u-blox GPS receiver) on the application board. To be complaint with the I C bus specifications, the module pads of the bus interface are open drain output and pull-up resistors must be used.
  • Page 57  Tri-state with an internal active pull-down enabled, otherwise (default setting) The pin must be connected to the data ready output of the u-blox GPS receiver (i.e. the pin TxD1 of the u-blox GPS receiver) on the application board. The “GPS data ready” function provides an improvement in the power consumption of the wireless module.
  • Page 58 RC0402JR-0747KL - Yageo Phycomp Voltage Regulator for GPS Receiver See GPS Receiver Hardware Integration Manual Table 19: Components for application circuit for LEON-G100-06x / LEON-G200-06S and subsequent versions and u-blox 3.0 V GPS receivers LEON-Gx00-04S and LEON-Gx00-05S versions LEON-Gx00-04S and LEON-Gx00-05S versions support 3 different types of GPS aiding: ...
  • Page 59 VCC supply of the wireless module is within its operating range and the VCC supply of the GPS receiver is disabled. This enables the u-blox GPS receiver to recover from a power outage with either a hot start or a warm start (depending on the duration of the GPS VCC outage) and to maintain the configuration settings saved in the backup RAM.

  • Page 60: Audio

    First microphone input can be used for direct connection of the electret condenser microphone of a handset. This input is used when the main uplink audio path is “Handset Microphone” (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]; AT+USPM command: <main_uplink> parameter) ...
  • Page 61 Warning: excessive sound pressure from headphones can cause hearing loss. Detailed electrical characteristics of the low power single-ended audio receive path and the high power differential audio receive path can be found in LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]. Table 21 lists the signals related to analog audio functions.
  • Page 62 Handset receiver must be connected to output HS_P Figure 36 shows an example of an application circuit connecting a handset (with a 2.2 kΩ electret microphone and a 32 Ω receiver) to the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules. The following actions should be done on the application circuit: ...
  • Page 63 Figure 37 shows an application circuit connecting a headset (with a 2.2 kΩ electret microphone and a 32 Ω receiver) to the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules. Pin 2 & 5 are shorted in the headset connector, causing HS_DET to be pulled low. When the headset plug is inserted HS_DET is pulled up internally by the module, causing a rising edge for detection.
  • Page 64 Figure 38 shows an application circuit for hands-free mode. In this example the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules are connected to an 8 Ω speaker and a 2.2 kΩ electret microphone. Insert an 82 nH series inductor (e.g.
  • Page 65 Additional circuitry should be inserted depending on the external audio device characteristics. To enable the audio path corresponding to these input/output, refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+USPM command. To tune audio levels for the external device refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+USGC, AT+UMGC commands. LEON-G100 /...

  • Page 66: Digital Audio Interface

    Refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+UI2S command for possible combinations of connections and settings. Figure 40 shows an application circuit for digital audio interface. Check device specifications to ensure compatibility of supported modes to LEON-G100/G200 module. Add a test point to provide access to the pin for debugging. GSM.G1-HW-09002-G3...
  • Page 67  Digital filters and digital gains are available in both uplink and downlink direction. They can be configured using AT commands; refer to the u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]  Ringer tone and service tone are mixed on the TX path when active (downlink) ...
  • Page 68 I2S_CLK frequency depends by the number of bits and number of channels so is 16 x 2 x 8 kHz = 256 kHz The modes are configurable through a specific AT command (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]) and the following parameters can be set: ...

  • Page 69: Voice-Band Processing System

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 1.10.3 Voice-band processing system The digital voice-band processing on the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 is implemented in the DSP core inside the baseband chipset. The analog audio front-end of the chipset is connected to the digital system through 16 bit ADC converters in the uplink path, and through 16 bit DAC converters in the downlink path.

  • Page 70: Adc Input (Leon-G100 Only)

    These parameters can be modified by dedicated AT commands and be saved in 2 customer profiles in the non-volatile memory of the module (refer to the u-blox AT Commands Manual [2]).

  • Page 71: Adc Calibration

    R , Internal voltage U ): are reported in the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]. As described in the ADC equivalent network shown in Figure 42, one part of the whole ADC circuit is outside the module: the (U...
  • Page 72 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Calibration is performed providing two known reference values (V_1 and V_2) instead of the voltage source (V_S) that has to be measured by the ADC. V_1 and V_2 values should be as different as possible: taking into account of the ADC applicable range, the maximum limit and the minimum limit for the voltage source has to be applied to obtain the best accuracy in calibration.

  • Page 73: General Purpose Input/Output (Gpio)

    1 and the parameter <GPS_IO_configuration> of AT+UGPRF command is set to Tri-state with an internal active pull-down enabled, otherwise (default setting) The pin must be connected to the data ready output of the u-blox GPS receiver (i.e. the pin TxD1 of the u-blox GPS receiver) on the application board.
  • Page 74 AT+UGPRF command is set to 32 Output / Low, otherwise (default setting) The pin must be connected to the synchronization timing input of the u-blox GPS receiver (i.e. the pin EXTINT0 of the u-blox GPS receiver) on the application board.

  • Page 75: Leon-Gx00-04S And Leon-Gx00-05S Versions

     GPS supply enable: GPIO2 is by default configured by AT+UGPIOC to enable or disable the supply of the u-blox GPS receiver connected to the wireless module. The GPIO1 pin can be configured to provide the “GPS supply enable” function, alternatively to the default GPIO2, setting the parameter <gpio_mode>...
  • Page 76 LEON-Gx00-05S and previous versions. If LEON-Gx00-05S or previous versions are re-programmed with FW 07.60 (default firmware for LEON-G100-06x / LEON-G200-06S versions), the GPIO1, GPIO2, HS_DET and Reserved pins of the module will be configured as with the FW 07.50 (default firmware for LEON-Gx00-05S).
  • Page 77 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Module Name Description Remarks LEON-Gx00-04S Reserved Reserved Pad disabled LEON-Gx00-05S LEON-G100-06x GPIO4 GPIO By default, the pin is configured to provide the GPS RTC sharing function. LEON-G200-06S Can be alternatively configured by the AT+UGPIOC command as...
  • Page 78 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual u-blox LEON-G100 / 3.0V GPS receiver LEON-G200 LDO Regulator GPS Supply Enable GPIO2 SHDN GPS Data Ready GPIO3 TxD1 GPS RTC sharing GPIO4 EXTINT0 Headset Connector Headset Detection HS_DET TestPoint Network Indicator GPIO1...

  • Page 79: Schematic For Module Integration

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 1.13 Schematic for module integration Figure 44 is an example of a schematic diagram where the LEON-G200-06S module is integrated into an application board, using all the interfaces of the module. LEON-G200-06S Li-Ion...

  • Page 80: Approvals

    Manufacturers of mobile or fixed devices incorporating LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules are authorized to use the FCC Grants and Industry Canada Certificates of the LEON-G100 / LEON- G200 modules for their own final products according to the conditions referenced in the certificates.
  • Page 81 Informations concernant l'exposition aux fréquences radio (RF) La puissance de sortie émise par l’appareil de sans fil u-blox Wireless Module est inférieure à la limite d'exposition aux fréquences radio d'Industrie Canada (IC). Utilisez l’appareil de sans fil u-blox Wireless Module de façon à minimiser les contacts humains lors du fonctionnement normal.
  • Page 82 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual  ICASA (Independent Communications Authority of South Africa)  ANATEL (Brazilian Agency of Telecommunications, in Portuguese, Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações) GSM.G1-HW-09002-G3 Preliminary System description Page 82 of 125...

  • Page 83: Design-In

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2 Design-In 2.1 Design-in checklist This section provides a design-in checklist. 2.1.1 Schematic checklist The following are the most important points for a simple schematic check:  DC supply must provide a nominal voltage at VCC pin above the minimum normal operating range limit.

  • Page 84: Antenna Checklist

    The following design guidelines must be met for optimal integration of LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules on the final application board. 2.2.1 Layout guidelines per pin function This section groups the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 pins by signal function and provides a ranking of importance in layout design. Legend:...
  • Page 85 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Rank Function Pin(s) Layout Remarks RF Antenna In/out Very Design for 50  characteristic impedance. Important See section 2.2.1.1 DC Supply Very VCC line should be wide and short. Route away Important from sensitive analog signals. See section 2.2.1.2...
  • Page 86 2.2.1.2 Main DC supply connection The DC supply of LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules is very important for the overall performance and functionality of the integrated product. For detailed description check the design guidelines in section 1.5.2. Some main characteristics are: ...
  • Page 87 If VCC is protected by transient voltage suppressor / reverse polarity protection diode to ensure that the voltage maximum ratings are not exceeded, place the protecting device along the path from the DC source toward LEON-G100 / LEON-G200, preferably closer to the DC source (otherwise functionality may be compromised) ...
  • Page 88 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual  Avoid coupling of any noisy signals to microphone inputs lines  It is strongly recommended to route MIC signals away from battery and RF antenna lines. Try to skip fast switching digital lines as well ...
  • Page 89 SIM Card Interface (VSIM, SIM_CLK, SIM_IO, SIM_RST): the SIM layout may be critical if the SIM card is placed far away from LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 or in close vicinity of RF antenna. In the first case the long connection may radiate higher harmonic of digital data. In the second case the same harmonics may be picked up and create self-interference that can reduce the sensitivity of GSM Receiver channels whose carrier frequency is coincident with harmonic frequencies.

  • Page 90: Footprint And Paste Mask

    The exact geometry, distances, stencil thicknesses and solder paste volumes must be adapted to the specific production processes (e.g. soldering etc.) of the customer. The bottom layer of LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 shows some unprotected copper areas for GND and VCC signals, plus GND keep-out for internal RF signals routing.
  • Page 91 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Figure 49: Ground copper and signal keep-out below data module on application motherboard due to due to VCC area, RF ANT pin and exposed GND pad on data module bottom layer GSM.G1-HW-09002-G3 Preliminary...

  • Page 92: Placement

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 bottom layer, thus increasing the risk of short to GND if the application motherboard has unprotected signal routing on same coordinates.

  • Page 93: Antenna Guidelines

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Case-to-Ambient thermal resistance value will be different than the one provided if the module is mounted on a PCB with different size and characteristics. 2.4 Antenna guidelines Antenna characteristics are essential for good functionality of the module. The radiating performance of antennas has direct impact on the reliability of connection over the Air Interface.

  • Page 94: Antenna Termination

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2.4.1 Antenna termination LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules are designed to work on a 50 Ω load. However, real antennas have no perfect 50 Ω load on all the supported frequency bands. To reduce as much as possible performance degradation due to antenna mismatch, the following requirements should be met: ...

  • Page 95: Antenna Radiation

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2.4.2 Antenna radiation An indication of the radiated power by the antenna can be approximated by measuring the |S | from a target antenna to the measurement antenna, measured with a network analyzer using a wideband antenna.
  • Page 96 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual For good antenna radiation performance, antenna dimensions should be comparable to a quarter of the wavelength. Different antenna types can be used for the module, many of them (e.g. patch antennas, monopole) are based on a resonating element that works in combination with a ground plane. The ground plane, ideally infinite, can be reduced down to a minimum size that must be similar to one quarter of the wavelength of the minimum frequency that has to be radiated (transmitted/received).

  • Page 97: Antenna Detection Functionality

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2.4.3 Antenna detection functionality The internal antenna detect circuit is based on ADC measurement at ANT pin: the RF port is DC coupled to the ADC unit in the baseband chip which injects a DC current (30 µA for 250 µs) on ANT and measures the resulting DC voltage to evaluate the resistance from ANT pad to GND.
  • Page 98 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual It is recommended to use an antenna with a built-in diagnostic resistor in the range from 5 kΩ to 30 kΩ to assure good antenna detection functionality and to avoid a reduction of module RF performances.

  • Page 99: Esd Immunity Test Precautions

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2.5 ESD Immunity Test Precautions The immunity of the device (i.e. the application board where LEON module is mounted) to the EMS phenomenon Electrostatic Discharge must be certified in compliance to the testing requirements standard [9] and the requirements for radio and digital cellular radio telecommunications system equipment standards [10] [11].

  • Page 100: General Precautions

    Some suggested precautions are provided: RESET_N pin A series Schottky diode is integrated in LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules as protection on the RESET_N pin. The external circuit must be able to cause a current flow through the series diode to determine the RE SET_N state.
  • Page 101 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 1.88 V Reset 12.6 k push button RESET_N Ferrite Bead Application Processor LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 1.88 V 12.6 k RESET_N Ferrite Bead Figure 56: RESET_N application circuits for ESD immunity test...

  • Page 102: Antenna Interface Precautions

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2.5.2 Antenna interface precautions The antenna interface ANT can have a critical influence on the ESD immunity test depending on the application board handling. Antenna precaution suggestions are provided:  If the device implements an embedded antenna and the device insulating enclosure avoids air discharge up to +8 kV / -8 kV to the antenna interface, no further precautions to ESD immunity test should be needed ...

  • Page 103: Module Interfaces Precautions

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2.5.3 Module interfaces precautions All module pins that are externally accessible should be included in the ESD immunity test since they are considered to be a port [10]. Depending on applicability, and in order to satisfy ESD immunity test requirements and ESD category level, pins connected to the port should be protected up to +4 kV / -4 kV for direct Contact Discharge, and up to +8 kV / -8 kV for Air Discharge applied to the enclosure surface.

  • Page 104: Feature Description

    3.3 Firewall by the Application Note? Same as with previous, The feature allows the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 user to reject incoming connections originated from IP addresses different from the specified list and inserted in a black list. 3.4 TCP/IP Via the AT commands it’s possible to access the TCP/IP functionalities over the GPRS connection. For more details about AT commands see the u-blox AT Commands Manual [2].

  • Page 105: Ftp

    3.5 FTP LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules support the File Transfer Protocol functionalities via AT commands. Files are read and stored in the local file system of the module. For more details about AT commands see the u-blox AT Commands Manual [2].

  • Page 106: Smart Temperature Management

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 3.10 Smart Temperature Management Wireless modules – independent of the specific model –always have a well defined operating temperature range. This range should be respected to guarantee full device functionality and long life span.
  • Page 107 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Figure 59 shows the flow diagram implemented in the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules for the Smart Temperature Supervisor. IF STS enabled Feature enabled Feature disabled: (full logic or no action indication only) Read temperature <Ti<t...

  • Page 108: Threshold Definitions

    To estimate its position the u-blox Wireless module sends the CellLocate server the parameters of network cells visible to it using a UDP connection. In return the server provides the estimated position based on the CellLocate database.
  • Page 109 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual 2. CellLocate server defines the area of Cell A visibility 3. If a new device reports the observation of Cell A CellLocate is able to provide the estimated position from the area of visibility 4.

  • Page 110: Hybrid Positioning

    3.11.2 Hybrid positioning With u-blox Hybrid positioning technology, u-blox Wireless devices can be triggered to provide their current position using either a u-blox GPS receiver or the position estimated from CellLocate . The choice depends on which positioning method provides the best and fastest solution according to the user configuration, exploiting the benefit of having multiple and complementary positioning methods.

  • Page 111: Handling And Soldering

    4.1 Packaging, shipping, storage and moisture preconditioning For information pertaining to reels and tapes, Moisture Sensitivity levels (MSD), shipment and storage information, as well as drying for preconditioning see the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 Data Sheet [1]. LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules are Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) sensitive devices.
  • Page 112 60 - 120 s Typical Leadfree Soldering Profile Elapsed time [s] Figure 60: Recommended soldering profile When soldering lead-free LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules in a leaded process, check the following temperatures: PB- Technology Soaktime: 40-80 s Time above Liquidus: 40-90 s Peak temperature: 225-235°C...

  • Page 113: Optical Inspection

    Certain applications employ a conformal coating of the PCB using HumiSeal or other related coating products. These materials affect the HF properties of the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 modules and it is important to prevent them from flowing into the module.

  • Page 114: Casting

    EMI covers. 4.2.12 Use of ultrasonic processes Some components on the LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 module are sensitive to Ultrasonic Waves. Use of any Ultrasonic Processes (cleaning, welding etc.) may cause damage to the module.

  • Page 115: Product Testing

    5 Product Testing 5.1 u-blox in-series production test u-blox focuses on high quality for its products. All produced modules are fully tested. Defective units are analyzed in detail to improve the production quality. This is achieved with automatic test equipment, which delivers a detailed test report for each unit. The following measurements are done: ...

  • Page 116: Go/No Go' Tests For Integrated Devices

    A ‘Go/No go’ test is to compare the signal quality with a “Golden Device” in a position with excellent GSM network coverage and after having dialed a call (refer to u-blox AT Commands Manual [2], AT+CSQ command: <rssi>, <ber> parameters).
  • Page 117 The use of this feature is intended for testing purpose in controlled environments by qualified user and must not be used during the normal module operation. Follow instructions suggested in u-blox documentation. u-blox assumes no responsibilities for the inappropriate use of this feature.
  • Page 118 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual To avoid module damage during transmitter test when good antenna termination is not guaranteed, use a low PCL level (max 15). u-blox assumes no responsibilities for module damaging caused by an inappropriate use of this feature.

  • Page 119: A Glossary

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual A Glossary 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project Alternating Current Analog to Digital Converter Abbreviated Dialing Numbers Adaptive Multi Rate ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit AT Command Interpreter Software Subsystem, or attention Baseband CBCH...
  • Page 120 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Internet Protocol International Organization for Standardization International Telecomunication Union Last Dialed Numbers Low-Dropout Light Emitting Diode Low Noise Amplifier Machine to Machine Mobile Equipment MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface Most Significant Bit Moisture Sensitive Devices...

  • Page 121: Related Documents

    End user test Application Note, Docu No WLS-CS-12002 [16] 3GPP TS 51.011 - Specification of the Subscriber Identity Module - Mobile Equipment (SIM-ME) interface Part of the documents mentioned above can be downloaded from u-blox web-site ( http://www.u-blox.com GSM.G1-HW-09002-G3 Preliminary...

  • Page 122: Revision History

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Revision history Revision Date Name Status / Comments Apr. 30, 2009 tgri Initial release. Objective specification Jun. 22, 2009 lpah New CI Jul. 16, 2009 Change of document status to advance information Aug. 20, 2009 lpah Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2: corrected the LEON block diagram...
  • Page 123 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Revision Date Name Status / Comments functions chapter Updated and improved Figure 19: Power on sequence description Updated and improved Figure 20: Power off sequence description Updated Figure 37: Headset mode application circuit content Clarified I2S PCM mode path in section 1.10.2.1...
  • Page 124 LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual GSM.G1-HW-09002-G3 Preliminary Page 124 of 125...

  • Page 125: Contact

    LEON-G100 / LEON-G200 - System Integration Manual Contact For complete contact information visit us at www.u-blox.com u-blox Offices North, Central and South America Headquarters Asia, Australia, Pacific Europe, Middle East, Africa u-blox America, Inc. u-blox Singapore Pte. Ltd. u-blox AG...

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