Grumman American GA-7 COUGAR 1987 Pilot Operating Handbook

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PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK

AND FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL

FAA APPROVED IN THE NORMAL CATEGORY BASED ON FAR 23. THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE CARRIED IN THE

AIRPLANE AT ALL TIMES AND BE KEPT WITHIN REACH OF THE PILOT DURING ALL FLIGHT OPERATIONS.

THIS HANDBOOK INCLUDES THE MATERIAL REQUIRED TO BE FURNISHED TO THE PILOT BY FAR PART 23 AND

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE MANUFACTURER AND CONSTITUTES THE FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE

FLIGHT MANUAL.

SERIAL NO. ________________________________________

REGISTRATION NO. __________________________________

Revised: September 14, 1987

Issued: April 10, 1978

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Page 1 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK AND FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL FAA APPROVED IN THE NORMAL CATEGORY BASED ON FAR 23. THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE CARRIED IN THE AIRPLANE AT ALL TIMES AND BE KEPT WITHIN REACH OF THE PILOT DURING ALL FLIGHT OPERATIONS. THIS HANDBOOK INCLUDES THE MATERIAL REQUIRED TO BE FURNISHED TO THE PILOT BY FAR PART 23 AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE MANUFACTURER AND CONSTITUTES THE FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE ...
Page 2 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Issued: April 10, 1978 Revised: September 14, 1987 ...
Page 3 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES This handbook will be kept current by Service Letters and Handbook Revisions published by Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation. These are distributed to Gulfstream Aerospace Dealers and Distributors and to those who subscribe through the Owner’s Revision Service. If you are not receiving subscription service, you will want to keep in touch with your Gulfstream Aerospace Dealer or Distributor for information concerning the change status of the handbook. Subsequent changes should be examined immediately after receipt; the handbook should not be used for operational purposes until it has been updated to a current status. On a changed page, the portion of the text or illustration affected by the change is indicated by a vertical line in the outer margin of the page. Dates of Issue for original and revised pages are: Original ………. 0 ………. April 10, 1978 Revision ……… 1 ………. June 15, 1978 Revision ……… 2 ………. October 15, 1978 Revision ……… 3 ………. September 14, 1987 THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS HANDBOOK IS 212, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING. THIS TOTAL INCLUDES THE SUPPLEMENTS PROVIDED IN SECTION 9. NOTE This replicate document does not match the page numbers of the original document. Therefore, the table containing the list of effective pages and the ...
Page 4 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR WELCOME ABOARD! Your GA‐7/Cougar has been designed and constructed to provide you with a responsive four‐place airplane to serve your needs for either pleasure or business flying in both comfort and economy. This handbook has been prepared to help you obtain the maximum pleasure and utility from your airplane. Read it carefully, review it frequently, and keep it with you in the airplane at all times. With proper operational techniques and good maintenance, your Grumman American Cougar should serve you well. Get to know your Grumman American Dealer. He is equipped to provide any assistance that may be required. Issued: April 10, 1978 Revised: September 14, 1987 ...
Page 5 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE - SPECIFICATIONS SPEED: Maximum at Sea Level ........................ 168 Knots Cruise, 75% Power at 8500 Ft. ...................... 160 Knots Cruise, 45% Power at 8500 Ft. ...................... 109 Knots RANGE AND ENDURANCE: Range and Endurance figures include allowances for start, takeoff, cruise climb to altitude, cruise, descent, plus fuel sufficient for 45 minutes of holding at 45% power. Maximum Recommended Cruise Speed: (118 Gallons Fuel, 75% Power, 8500 Ft.) Endurance .............................. 5.3 hrs. Range .............................. 840 NM (80 Gallons Fuel, 75% Power, 8500 Ft.) Endurance .............................. 3.3 hrs. Range .............................. 530 NM Maximum Range: (118 Gallons Fuel, 45% Power, 8500 Ft.) Endurance ............................ 10.6 hrs. Range .............................. ...
Page 6 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR INTRODUCTION This handbook contains 10 sections. The sections are arranged in the handbook in an order which increases the in‐ flight usefulness of this handbook. Information that may be required by the pilot during flight, is located in the front portion of the handbook to provide easy access. Each section of the handbook is marked with a plasticized tab divider. The tab dividers are staggered for ease of reference with section number and title printed on the tab. The “Emergency Procedures” section tab is colored red so that it may be easily located. This handbook also includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by FAR Part 23. It also contains supplemental data supplied by the airframe manufacturer. Issued: April 10, 1978 Revised: September 14, 1987 ...
Page 7 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIST OF SECTIONS SECTION GENERAL ............................ 1 LIMITATIONS .......................... 2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ...................... 3 NORMAL PROCEDURES ........................ 4 PERFORMANCE .......................... 5 WEIGHT & BALANCE/EQUIPMENT LIST .................. 6 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS .................... 7 AIRPLANE HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE ................. 8 ...
Page 8: General
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR GRUMMAN AMERICAN AVIATION CORPORATION (herein GRUMMAN AMERICAN) warrants each new airplane and part thereof manufactured by it, together with all new airplane equipment and accessories bearing the name “GRUMMAN AMERICAN AVIATION,” to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service, but extends no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, to any items not manufactured by GRUMMAN AMERICAN, or not so bearing its name, whether incorporated into or installed in the airplane, except that the workmanship involved in installing such items is warranted to be without defect. The obligation of GRUMMAN AMERICAN under this warranty is limited to replacement or repair, at the option of GRUMMAN AMERICAN, of any such airplane, or any part or accessory which shall within twelve (12) months of operation be found defective. Such airplane, part or accessory is to be returned to a GRUMMAN AMERICAN DEALER upon which examination by GRUMMAN AMERICAN, shall disclose to its reasonable satisfaction to have been thus defective. This warranty shall not in any way apply to or cover any products which are in GRUMMAN AMERICAN’s opinion damaged as a result of being in any manner altered or repaired outside of the factory of GRUMMAN AMERICAN or that shall have been subject to misuse of negligence. GRUMMAN AMERICAN makes no warranty whatsoever with respect to engines, radios, propellers, ignition apparatus, starting devices, generators, batteries, or other trade accessories, inasmuch as such products are generally warranted separately by their respective manufacturers. “THESE WARRANTY PROVISIONS ARE EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, STATUTORY OR IMPLIED IN FACT OR BY LAW, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND OF ANY OTHER OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY ON THE PART OF GRUMMAN AMERICAN NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON OR BUSINESS ORGANIZATION TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER WARRANTY OR LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, USE OR OPERATION OF ITS PRODUCTS.” IMMEDIATELY ON COMMENCING FIRST USE OF AN AIRPLANE, A WARRANTY VALIDATION CARD MUST BE FILLED OUT AND MAILED TO THE ATTENTION OF CUSTOMER SERVICE, COMMERCIAL LIGHT AIRCRAFT, P.O. BOX 2206, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA 31402. NO WARRANTY CLAIMS WILL BE HONORED IF THIS CARD IS NOT ON FILE AT THE FACTORY. Issued: April 10, 1978 Revised: September 14, 1987 ...
Page 9: Table Of Contents
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL SECTION 1 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS THREE VIEW ................................1-3 INTRODUCTION ................................. 1-4 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ..............................1-4 ENGINES ................................1-4 PROPELLERS................................1-4 FUEL ..................................1-4 OIL ..................................1-5 MAXIMUM CERTIFICATED WEIGHTS ........................
Page 10 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 11: Three View
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 THREE VIEW MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL Figure 1-1. Three View. Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 12: Introduction
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL This section provides basic data and information of general interest to the pilot, to assist him in loading, sheltering, handling, and routine preflight checking of the airplane. Also included in this section are definitions and explanations of the symbols, abbreviations and terminology used in this handbook.
Page 13: Oil
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL Capacity at an ambient temperature of 70°F (21°C): Total 118 U.S. gallons (98.3 Imperial gallons) (446.6 Liters) Each Tank: 59 U.S. gallons (49.1 Imperial gallons) (223.3 Liters) Total Usable: 114 U.S. gallons (94.9 Imperial gallons) (431.5 liters) Intermediate Loading: 100 U.S.
Page 14: Maximum Certificated Weights
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL NOTE Dip stick indicates the quantity of oil in the engine oil sump but does not account for the one quart of oil in the oil filter. Refer to Section 8 for optional oil filter information.
Page 15 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL Figure 1-2. Cabin, Baggage and Entrance Dimensions. Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 16: Symbols, Abbreviations, And Terminology
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMINOLOGY MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL GENERAL AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND SYMBOLS Calibrated Airspeed is the indicated speed corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.
Page 17: Meteorological Terminology
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the speed which results in the greatest gain of altitude in a given horizontal distance. Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the speed which results in the greatest gain in altitude in a given time.
Page 18: Engine Controls And Instruments
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 ENGINE CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL Throttle The levers used to control the induction of a fuel-air mixture into the intake passages of an Controls engine. Mixture These levers, in the idle cut-off positions, stop the flow of fuel and in the intermediate Controls through full rich positions, regulate the fuel-air mixture.
Page 19: Airplane Performance And Flight Planning Terminology
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING TERMINOLOGY MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL Balked Landing A balked landing is an aborted landing (i.e. all engines go-around). Demonstrated Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity is the velocity of the crosswind component for which...
Page 20: Weight And Balance Terminology
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1 WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMINOLOGY MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GENERAL Arm is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity (c.g.) of an item. Standard Empty Weight of a standard airplane including unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full oil.
Page 21 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................. 2‐3 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS ............................. 2‐4 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS .......................... 2‐4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS ............................. 2‐5 PROPELLERS ................................ 2‐5 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS ........................ 2‐6 FUEL GAUGES ................................ 2‐6 GYRO PRESSURE GAUGE ............................ 2‐6 WEIGHT LIMITS ................................ 2‐6 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS (GEAR EXTENDED) ...................... 2‐7 MANEUVER LIMITS .............................. 2‐7 NORMAL CATEGORY ............................. 2‐7 AUTHORIZED MANEUVERS............................ 2‐7 UNAUTHORIZED MANEUVERS .......................... 2‐7 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS (FLAPS UP) ........................ 2‐8 FLIGHT CREW LIMITS .............................. 2‐8 MAXIMUM PASSENGER SEATING LIMITS ........................ 2‐8 OPERATION LIMITS .............................. 2‐8 ...
Page 22 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 2‐2 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 23: Introduction
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS INTRODUCTION The limitations included in this section have been approved by the Federal Aviation Administration. This section presents the operation limitations, the operational significance of such limitations, instrument markings, and basic placarding necessary for the safe operation of the airplane, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment. Where the significance of an operating limitation, marking or placard is not obvious, an explanation is presented. Limitations associated with Grumman American designed optional equipment are continued in Section B. The Grumman American Model GA‐7/COUGAR is certified under FAA Type Certificate, A17S0. The airplane is equipped for day VFR (with standard equipment) and may be equipped for night VFR and/or IFR operations. FAR Part 91 establishes the minimum required instruments and equipment for these operations. The reference of types of flight operations on the operating limitations placard reflects equipment installed at the time the Airworthiness Certificate was issued. THIS AIRPLANE IS NOT APPROVED FOR FLIGHT IN ICING CONDITIONS. NOTE Refer to Section 9 of this Pilot’s Operating Handbook for amended operating limitations, operating procedures, performance data and other necessary information for airplanes equipped with specific options. ...
Page 24: Airspeed Limitations
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS Airspeed limitations and the operational significance of the limitations are provided in Figure 2‐1. AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS CAS IAS Speed (Knots) (Knots) Remarks Do not exceed this speed under any Never Exceed Speed (V ) 191 188 condition. Do not exceed this speed except in smooth Maximum Structural Cruising Speed (V ) 162 160 air and then only with caution. Maneuvering Speed (V ) Do not make full or abrupt control Max Weight (3800 lbs) 121 120 movements above this speed. Min Weight (2800 lbs) 105 105 ...
Page 25: Power Plant Limitations
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS Limitations of the power plant are provided in the following data: Engine Manufacturer: Avco Lycoming Engine Model Number: O‐320‐D1D Engine Operating Limits for Takeoff and Continuous Operations: Maximum Power: 160 BHP Maximum Engine Speed: 2700 RPM ...
Page 26: Power Plant Instrument Markings
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS Power plan instrument markings and the significance of their color codes are shown in Figure 2‐3. POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS Red Radial Green Bar Normal Red Radial Instrument Minimum Limit Operations Yellow Bar Maximum Limit Tachometer 2000 – 2700 RPM 2700 RPM Cylinder Head Temperature 200 – 500° F 500° F (260° C) Oil Temperature 75 – 245° F 245° F (118° C) Fuel Pressure 0.5 PSI 0.5 – 8 PSI 8 PSI 25 – 60 PSI Oil Pressure ...
Page 27: Center Of Gravity Limits (Gear Extended)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS (GEAR EXTENDED) Center of Gravity Range: Forward: 93.3 inches aft of datum line at 2900 pounds or less, with a straight line variation to 97.8 inches aft of datum line at 3800 pounds. Aft: 101.6 inches aft of datum line at all weights. Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC): 60.041 inches Leading Edge of the MAC: 84.784 inches aft of reference datum line. Refer to Weight and Balance, Section 6, for more information. MANEUVER LIMITS NORMAL CATEGORY ...
Page 28: Flight Load Factor Limits (Flaps Up)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS (FLAPS UP) Normal category at maximum takeoff weight of 3800 pounds: Positive Load Factor (Maximum): 3.8 G Negative Load Factor (Maximum): 1.5 G FLIGHT CREW LIMITS Minimum flight crew for FAR 91 operations is one pilot. MAXIMUM PASSENGER SEATING LIMITS Maximum passenger seating configuration – Three passengers (plus one pilot). OPERATION LIMITS The standard airplane is approved for day VFR conditions. With the proper optional equipment installed, the airplane is approved for day and night VFR and/or IFR operations. FUEL LIMITATIONS Two Tanks: 59 U.S. gallons each Total Capacity: ...
Page 29: Required Placards
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS REQUIRED PLACARDS The following operating information is displayed in the form of composite or individual placards. On Instrument Panel Over Airspeed Indicator: On Instrument Panel Over Circuit Breaker Panel: On Aft Center Console, Near Each Fuel Selector: Glare Shield In Front of Pilot: 2‐9 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 30 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS Above Strobe Light Switch: Over Left Rear Seat Window: Near Landing Gear Handle: Aft Baggage Compartment on Bulkhead: 2‐10 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 31 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS Aft Baggage Compartment – Rear Seat Back Folded: In Nose Baggage Compartment: Above Cabin Door Handle: On Cabin Door: 2‐11 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 32 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS Inside External Power Receptacle Cover: Around Left and Right Fuel Filler Caps: 2‐12 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 33 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS Mounted on Aft Bulkhead: Left Front Side Panel, Adjacent to Instrument Panel: 2‐13 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 34 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 2 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR LIMITATIONS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 2‐14 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 35 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................. 3-5 AIRSPEED FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION ........................3-5 ABBREVIATED CHECKLISTS ............................3-6 ENGINE FAILURES ..............................3-6 ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF (SPEED BELOW 75 KIAS) ................3-6 ENGINE FAILURE AFTER TAKEOFF (SPEED 75 KIAS OR ABOVE) .................
Page 36 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES INADVERTENT ICING ENCOUNTER ........................3-13 STATIC SOURCE BLOCKAGE ..........................3-14 ERRONEOUS INSTRUMENT READING SUSPECTED ..................3-14 LANDING GEAR MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES ....................3-15 LANDING GEAR FAILS TO RETRACT ......................... 3-15 LANDING GEAR FAILS TO EXTEND ........................
Page 37 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER ..................... 3-25 PRECAUTIONARY “OFF AIRPORT” LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER ..............3-25 MAXIMUM GLIDE ............................3-26 DITCHING ................................3-27 EMERGENCY DESCENT PROCEDURES ........................3-27 PREFERRED PROCEDURE (CALM AIR) ......................
Page 38 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EMERGENCY WINDOW EXIT ..........................3-34 INADVERTENT OPENING OF CABIN DOOR IN FLIGHT ..................3-34 SPINS ................................... 3-34 FUEL MANAGEMENT WITH ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE ..................3-35 CRUISING ................................ 3-35 LANDING .................................
Page 39: Introduction
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 INTRODUCTION MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES The intent of this section is to provide a checklist of procedures for coping with emergencies that may occur. The checklist is backed up with a corresponding series of amplified procedures to provide a better understanding of the checklist actions and the reason behind them.
Page 40: Abbreviated Checklists
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 ABBREVIATED CHECKLISTS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ENGINE FAILURES ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF (SPEED BELOW 75 KIAS) 1) Throttles – CLOSE IMMEDIATELY. IF AIRBORNE, LAND STRAIGHT AHEAD. 2) Brakes – As required.
Page 41: Engine Failure During Flight
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 1) Throttles – FORWARD as required. 2) Inoperative Engine – Identify. (Dead foot – dead engine. Dead throttle, dead engine.) Before securing inoperative engine, make the following checks: 3) Fuel Pressure –...
Page 42 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE GO-AROUND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES WARNING LEVEL FLIGHT MIGHT NOT BE POSSIBLE FOR CERTAIN COMBINATIONS OF WEIGHT, TEMPERATURE, AND ALTITUDE. SEE PAGE 5-15. 1) Throttle – FULL FORWARD.
Page 43 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 FORCED LANDINGS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DUAL ENGINE FAILURE GLIDE 1) Propellers – FEATHER. 2) Flaps – UP. 3) Landing Gear – UP. 4) Cowl Flaps – CLOSE. 5) Airspeed – 98 KIAS.
Page 44: Precautionary "Off Airport" Landing With Engine Power
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR PRECAUTIONARY “OFF AIRPORT” LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 1) Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses – SECURE. 2) Airspeed – 90 KIAS. 3) Wing Flaps – 10°. 4) Selected Field – Fly over, noting terrain and obstructions.
Page 45: Emergency Descent Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 EMERGENCY DESCENT PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PREFERRED PROCEDURE 1) Throttles – IDLE. 2) Propeller Controls – FULL FORWARD. 3) Mixtures – Adjust for smooth operations with gradual enrichment as altitude is lost.
Page 46: Cabin Fire
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR CABIN FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 1) Master Switch – OFF. 2) Alternator Switches – OFF. 3) Cabin Air – COOL. 4) Vents – CLOSED. 5) Fire Extinguisher – ACTIVATE (if needed).
Page 47: Wing Or Engine Fire In Flight
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WING OR ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 1) Affected Engine Fuel Selector and Boost Pump – OFF. 2) Affected Engine – SECURE. (See SECURING INOPERATIVE ENGINE Checklist.) 3) Navigation and Strobe Light Switches – OFF.
Page 48: Static Source Blockage
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CARBURETOR ICING 1) Carburetor Heat Control – Full ON. 2) Mixture Control – Lean as necessary for smooth engine operation. 3) Carburetor Heat Control – OFF, when icing is no longer encountered.
Page 49: Landing Gear Malfunction Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 LANDING GEAR MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES LANDING GEAR FAILS TO RETRACT NOTE Do not exceed 145 KIAS with landing gear extended. 1) Master Switch – ON. 2) Landing Gear Control – Check in RETRACT (up) position.
Page 50: Gear Up Landing
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR GEAR UP LANDING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES If possible, choose firm sod or foamed runway. When assured of reaching landing site: 1) Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses – SECURE. 2) All Switches (except Master and Magneto) – OFF.
Page 51: Landing With Flat Nose Gear Tire
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR LANDING WITH FLAT NOSE GEAR TIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 1) Landing Gear – EXTEND. WARNING DO NOT EXCEED AFT C.G. LIMIT. 2) Passengers and Baggage – Move aft. 3) Approach 80 KIAS with flaps up.
Page 52: Fuel System Emergency Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 FUEL SYSTEM EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ENGINE DRIVEN FUEL PUMP FAILURE 1) Auxiliary Fuel Pump – ON. 2) Fuel Selector – ON. 3) Land as soon as it is practical.
Page 53: Alternator Failure (Dual)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR ALTERNATOR FAILURE (DUAL) EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 1) Master Switch – ON. 2) Electrical Load – Turn off all loads. 3) If circuit breakers are tripped: Turn off alternator. b. Reset circuit breakers, one at a time.
Page 54 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES INSTRUMENT AIR PRESSURE SYSTEM FAILURES 1) An instrument air pressure system failure will be indicated by a pressure loss on the source gauge. In the event of a feathered engine or failure of one pump, a red button annunciator will show on the affected side.
Page 55 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 SPINS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Throttles – CLOSE immediately. Rudder – Full rudder opposite the direction of rotation. Elevator – Control wheel full forward, simultaneously with rudder application. Ailerons – Neutral.
Page 56 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ENGINE FAILURES ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE OPERATION Failure of one engine and the resulting loss of power and power symmetry will result in a descending turn and bank in the direction of the failed engine.
Page 57: Engine Failure During Flight
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Attain a safe altitude above terrain before making turns except to avoid obstacles. Land as soon as practical. ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT Adjust power as required to minimize or eliminate altitude loss, keeping airspeed above 85 KIAS. Determine the inoperative engine (see above).
Page 58: One Engine Inoperative Operation
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE OPERATION MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE APPROACH In addition to normal approach considerations, other factors must be considered in a one engine approach. Included are reduced power and control capabilities, adverse effects of adding and reducing power, and the fact that level flight may not be possible for certain combinations of weight, temperature, and altitude.
Page 59: Emergency Landing Without Engine Power
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Lower the nose to maintain 98 KIAS and secure seat belts and shoulder harnesses. Move both propeller levers to the FEATHER position simultaneously to minimize required directional control. Move the mixture controls to idle cutoff and turn both fuel selectors OFF.
Page 60: Maximum Glide
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR MAXIMUM GLIDE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: BEST GLIDE SPEED LANDING GEAR FLAPS WEIGHT KIAS PROPELLERS FEATHERED POUNDS COWL FLAPS CLOSED 3800 SPEED IAS AS SCHEDULED 3200 ZERO WIND 2800...
Page 61: Ditching
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 DITCHING MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES With the radio transmitter tuned to 121.5 MHz, transmit MAYDAY, giving location and intentions. Secure all heavy objects in the baggage area. Retract the landing gear, and secure seat belts and harnesses.
Page 62: Fire Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 FIRE PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT In the event of smoke or other evidence of electrical fire during flight, immediately place the Master Switch and both alternator switches in the OFF positions. Once this is done, place all other switches except the Magneto Switches in the OFF positions.
Page 63: Wing Or Engine Fire In Flight
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR FIRE ON GROUND (TAXI AND TAKEOFF WITH SUFFICIENT DISTANCE REMAINING TO STOP) EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Close both throttles and apply brakes as required to bring the airplane to a stop. Set both mixture controls to idle cutoff.
Page 64: Static Source Blockage
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Maintain a level attitude when landing, using power as required to control rate-of-descent before touchdown. If a go-around is mandatory, apply maximum power while retracting the flaps in small increments. Retract the landing gear after any obstacles have been cleared.
Page 65: Landing Gear Malfunction Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 LANDING GEAR MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES LANDING GEAR FAILS TO RETRACT If the landing gear will not retract, make sure the Master Switch is in the ON position, and that the landing gear control is in the UP position.
Page 66: Landing With Flat Nose Gear Tire
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR LANDING WITH DEFECTIVE MAIN GEAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES The landing should be planned to lighten the load on the defective gear as much as possible. A major headwind component and full flaps will reduce ground speed and roll out. A crosswind component opposite the defective gear will allow a wing-low landing toward the operative landing gear.
Page 67: Fuel System Emergency Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 FUEL SYSTEM EMERGENCY PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ENGINE-DRIVEN FUEL PUMP FAILURE In the event of an engine-driven fuel pump failure, turn the associated auxiliary fuel pump ON. Extended flight without a backup fuel pressure source is not advisable. Land the airplane as soon as practical.
Page 68: Emergency Window Exit
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES If some pressure below 4.3 inches of mercury is indicated and gyro instrument use is required, increase engine RPM within normal limits and/or descend to a lower altitude at which 4.3 inches of mercury can be maintained.
Page 69: Cruising
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 FUEL MANAGEMENT WITH ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Extended flight with one engine inoperative places an emphasis on fuel management. Fuel management should be arranged to use fuel from the inoperative engine tank to reduce the out-of-trim condition. If the engine-driven fuel pump on the operative engine is performing satisfactorily, leave the auxiliary fuel pump turned off until an approach is being made.
Page 70 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 3 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 3-36 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 71 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................. 4-5 AIRSPEEDS FOR SAFE OPERATION ..........................4-5 CHECKLIST PROCEDURES ............................4-6 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION ............................4-6 COCKPIT ................................4-6 RIGHT FUSELAGE ...............................
Page 72 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES BEFORE TAKEOFF ..............................4-11 TAKEOFF ................................4-12 NORMAL TAKEOFF ............................4-12 MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF ......................4-12 AFTER TAKEOFF ..............................4-12 EN ROUTE CLIMB ..............................4-13 NORMAL CLIMB .............................. 4-13 CRUISE CLIMB ..............................
Page 73 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES CRUISE ................................. 4-19 MIXTURE LEANING PROCEDURES ........................4-20 LEANING WITHOUT EGT (EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE) SYSTEM ..............4-20 BEST POWER ..............................4-20 BEST ECONOMY .............................. 4-20 LEANING WITH EGT (EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE) SYSTEM ................ 4-20 STALLS .................................
Page 74 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 75: Introduction
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 INTRODUCTION MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES This section provides recommended procedures for conducting normal operation of the airplane. Short form checklists are provided in the first part of the section. The checklists were prepared with regard to order of action where sequence is essential to safety.
Page 76: Checklist Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 CHECKLIST PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES PREFLIGHT INSPECTION COCKPIT 1) Control Locks – REMOVE and STOW. 2) Parking Brake – SET. 3) Landing Gear Handle – DOWN. 4) All Switches – OFF.
Page 77: Nose Section
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES 11) Brake Linings – CHECK/Condition. 12) Heater Fresh Air Scoop – CHECK/Unobstructed. 13) Engine Cowling CHECK. 14) Engine Air Intakes – CHECK. 15) Propeller & Spinner – CHECK.
Page 78: Electrical Systems Preflight
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS PREFLIGHT MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES NOTE Complete electrical checks as quickly as possible to decrease drain on battery. COCKPIT 1) Master Switch – ON. 2) Instrument Lights – Check Rheostat, OFF 3) Navigation Lights –...
Page 79: Before Starting Engines
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 BEFORE STARTING ENGINES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES NOTE Complete preflight inspection before starting engines. 1) Cabin Door – AS DESIRED. 2) Seat – ADJUST. 3) Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses – BUCKLED.
Page 80: External Power
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES 11) Engine Instrument – CHECKED. 12) Gyro Pressure Gauge – CHECKED. 13) Using the same procedure, start other engine. EXTERNAL POWER 1) Master Switch – OFF. 2) External Power – SET FOR 12 VOLTS, CONNECTED.
Page 81: Before Taxiing
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 BEFORE TAXIING MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES 1) Radios / Transponder – ON/STANDBY. 2) Altimeter/Gyros/Clock – SET. 3) Auto Pilot – CHECKED/OFF. 4) Electric Trim – CHECKED/SET. 5) Exterior Lights – AS REQUIRED.
Page 82: Takeoff
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES 13) Doors & Windows – LOCKED. 14) Lights / Strobes – AS REQUIRED. 15) Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses – SNUGLY FASTENED. 16) Parking Brake – RELEASED.
Page 83: En Route Climb
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 EN ROUTE CLIMB MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES NORMAL CLIMB 1) Airspeed – 95 KIAS at sea level to 86 KIAS at 10,000 ft. 2) Power – FULL THROTTLE & 2700 RPM.
Page 84: Balked Landing
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 BALKED LANDING MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES 1) Power – FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM. 2) Carburetor Heat – OFF. 3) Airspeed – 80 KIAS. 4) Flaps – UP. 5) Landing Gear – UP.
Page 85: Amplified Normal Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 AMPLIFIED NORMAL PROCEDURES MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES PREFLIGHT INSPECTION The preflight inspection is an important function which can minimize emergency situations and accidents when properly performed. Before the first flight of the day, a thorough walk-around inspection of the airplane should be made.
Page 86: External Power
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES EXTERNAL POWER In airplanes equipped with external power receptacles, external power can be used for cold weather starts and extended maintenance. The receptacle is located beneath the fuselage aft of the left wing.
Page 87: Before Takeoff
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 BEFORE TAKEOFF MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES WARM-UP AND GROUND CHECK Check both oil pressure and oil temperature and ensure mixture controls are set to full rich. PROPELLER CHECK Check the propeller control system for proper operation. Advance the throttles to give an engine speed of 2200 RPM.
Page 88: Seat Belts
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 TAKEOFF MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES SEAT BELTS Before taking the runway, make sure all occupants have both seat belts and shoulder harnesses fastened in place and tightened. Passengers may not be acquainted with the operation of the shoulder harnesses, and should be properly briefed on their use.
Page 89: Crosswind Takeoff
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF For maximum performance takeoff, the engines should be run up to full power before brake release. For maximum engine power, the mixture should be adjusted for the field elevation.
Page 90: Mixture Leaning Procedures
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES NOTE On new engines, power should be maintained at 75 percent power or more until a total of 50 hours has accumulated. This is to ensure proper seating of the rings and is applicable to new engines, engines in service following cylinder replacement, or top overhaul of one or more cylinders.
Page 91: Stalls
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES During two engine climb, the mixture is normally left at FULL RICH below 5000 feet and adjusted for best power mixture above 5000 feet. If the engine instruments are carefully monitored during the climb, it is also acceptable to operate at best power mixture below 5000 feet.
Page 92: Before Landing
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 BEFORE LANDING MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES On landing approach, a final quick check should be made to ensure that mixtures are properly set, propeller controls are full forward, and all necessary switches are on. The landing gear should be extended after airspeed has decreased below 145 KIAS.
Page 93: Cold Weather Operation
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 COLD WEATHER OPERATION MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES STARTING When starting in extremely cold weather, use of an external preheat and an external power source is recommended to reduce severity of load on the electrical system and engines.
Page 94: Noise Abatement
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 4 NOISE ABATEMENT MODEL GA-7/COUGAR NORMAL PROCEDURES Every practical effort should be made to reduce airplane noise at ground level near recreational, residential, and other noise-sensitive areas. When practical, maintain at least 2000 feet above ground level. Avoid prolonged low- level flight after takeoff and before landing.
Page 95 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING ................... 5‐3 USE OF PERFORMANCE CHARTS .......................... 5‐3 SAMPLE PROBLEM .............................. 5‐3 CONDITIONS ................................ 5‐3 ROUTE OF TRIP .............................. 5‐4 TAKEOFF ................................ 5‐4 TIME, FUEL, AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB ........................ 5‐5 TIME, FUEL, AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND ...................... 5‐5 CRUISE INFORMATION ............................ 5‐5 LANDING ................................ 5‐7 AIRSPEED CALIBRATION ............................. 5‐8 ALTIMETER CORRECTION – NORMAL SYSTEM ...................... 5‐9 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHART ........................ 5‐10 STALL SPEEDS ...
Page 96 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 10,000 FEET .................. 5‐25 CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 12,000 FEET .................. 5‐26 CRUISE SPEEDS ................................ 5‐27 RANGE PROFILE ............................... 5‐28 ENDURANCE PROFILE .............................. 5‐29 TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND ........................ 5‐30 HOLDING TIME................................. 5‐31 CLIMB – BALKED LANDING ............................ 5‐32 LANDING DISTANCE (NORMAL LANDING) ....................... 5‐33 5‐2 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 97: Introduction To Performance And Flight Planning
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE INTRODUCTION TO PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING The performance charts and tables presented on the following pages enable the pilot to know what to expect from the GA‐7/Cougar airplane under various conditions. These charts also provide the pilot with a valuable aid in accurate flight planning, therefore, they should be consulted prior to each flight. These charts are a compilation of data obtained through actual flight tests conducted in a GA‐7/Cougar airplane with both engines in good condition, and using average pilot techniques. The range and endurance profile charts include allowances for start, taxi, takeoff, climb, descent, and 45 minutes reserve (fuel based on 45% power). The fuel flow was calculated using a full rich mixture above 75% power, best power mixture for power setting between 75% power and 65% power, and economy cruise mixture (peak EGT) below 65% power. Cruise performance does not include allowances for wind and/or navigational errors. All speeds quoted in this section are indicated airspeeds (IAS) except as noted and assume zero instrument error. USE OF PERFORMANCE CHARTS The performance data is presented in tabular or graphical form, depending upon which presentation method best portrays the specific data. Each table or graph contains explanatory material when the use of the table or graph is not obvious. In addition, a sample problem involving typical use of the performance data in this section is presented to illustrate usage of the tables and graphs. SAMPLE PROBLEM A sample flight plan has been outlined below to show the use of the performance data presented in this section. ...
Page 98: Route Of Trip
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE ROUTE OF TRIP A cruise altitude of 8500 feet has been selected. Magnetic Distance Wind 8500 Feet OAT 8500 Feet Alt Setting In. Route Segment Course N.M. Dir/Kts °C Hg. TUL – IFI 253° 110 080/30 10°C 30.05 IFI – SYO 242° 84 090/20 10°C 30.05 SYO – AMA 259° 259 128/30 12°C 30.02 ...
Page 99: Time, Fuel, And Distance To Climb
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE A correction for the effect of wind may be based on Note 1 of the takeoff distance chart (Figure 5‐6). From Figure 5‐5, the headwind component is determined to be 9.8 knots. 9.8 �� 4% 8% �� 5 �� This results in the following distance, corrected for wind: Ground roll, zero wind 1237 Ft. Decrease in ground roll (1237 x 8%) 99 Ft. Corrected ground roll 1138 Ft. Total distance to clear a 50‐foot obstacle, zero wind 2272 Ft. Decrease in total distance (2272 x 8%) ...
Page 100 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE Power Standard Temperature 20°C Above Standard Temperature Pressure Setting Altitude RPM/MAN B.P. F/F B.P. F/F Feet Pressure Temp %BHP KTAS GPH Temp %BHP KTAS GPH 8000 2600/20 in. ‐1°C 66 149 17 19°C 64 148 17 10000 2600/20 in. ‐5°C 68 153 18 ...
Page 101: Landing
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE Time – Fuel – Distance Time Fuel Distance Item Hrs Gal N.M. Min Start, Taxi, and Takeoff 0 2.6 0 Climb .21 4.4 23 Cruise 2.36 40.1 403 Descent .17 3.2 27 Total 2.74 50.3 453 Block Speed = 453 N.M. divided by 2.74 hours = 165.3 knots. The estimated weight is determined by subtracting the fuel required for the trip from the initial takeoff weight. ...
Page 102: Airspeed Calibration
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE AIRSPEED CALIBRATION NOTES: 1. INDICATED AIRSPEED ASSUMES ZERO INSTRUMENT ERROR. 2. CORRECTIONS ARE APPLICABLE FOR ALL GEAR AND FLAP POSITION. EXAMPLE: INDICATED AIRSPEED 130 KIAS CALIBRATED AIRSPEED 131 KCAS Normal Static Source KIAS KCAS 50 48 60 58 70 68 80 79 90 89 100 ...
Page 103: Altimeter Correction - Normal System
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE ALTIMETER CORRECTION – NORMAL SYSTEM NOTES: INDICATED AIRSPEED AND INDICATED ALTITUDE ASSUME ZERO INSTRUMENT ERROR EXAMPLE: IAS 140 KIAS INDICATED PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8000 FT ALTIMETER CORRECTION 17 FT ACTUAL PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8000 + 17 = 8017 FT Figure 5‐2. Altimeter Correction – Normal System 5‐9 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 104: Temperature Conversion Chart
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHART EXAMPLE: DEGREES F 70°F DEGREES C 21°C Figure 5‐3. Temperature Conversion Chart. 5‐10 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 105: Stall Speeds
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE STALL SPEEDS CONDITIONS: POWER IDLE EXAMPLE: WEIGHT 3750 LBS. LANDING GEAR DOWN FLAPS 30° ANGLE OF BANK 30° STALL SPEED 68 KIAS 66 KCAS Forward Center of Gravity Angle of Bank Weight Configuration 0° ...
Page 106 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CROSSWIND COMPONENT CHART NOTE: DEMONSTRATED CROSSWIND COMPONENT IS 15 KNOTS EXAMPLE: WIND SPEED 10 KNOTS ANGLE BETWEEN WIND DIRECTION AND FLIGHT PATH 10° HEADWIND COMPONENT 9.8 KNOTS CROSSWIND COMPONENT ...
Page 107 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF DISTANCE (NORMAL TAKEOFF) ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: NOTES: POWER FULL THROTTLE AT 2700 RPM DECREASE DISTANCES 4% FOR EACH 5 KNOTS HEADWIND. FOR OPERATION WITH FLAPS UP TAILWINDS UP TO 10 KNOTS, INCREASE DISTANCES BY 10% FOR EACH 2.5 KNOTS. LANDING GEAR RETRACT AFTER POSITIVE CLIMB ESTABLISHED IF TAKEOFF POWER SET WITHOUT BRAKES APPLIED, THEN DISTANCE APPLY FROM COWL FLAPS OPEN POINT WHERE FULL POWER IS ATTAINED. RUNWAY HARD SURFACE, LEVEL, AND DRY THE TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE PRESENTED IS BASED ON TAKEOFFS FROM HARD ZERO WIND SURFACE RUNWAYS. GRASS, SAND, MUD, OR SNOW CAN EASILY DOUBLE THE TAKEOFF DISTANCE. Takeoff Speed KIAS 0°C (32°F) 10°C (50°F) 20°C (68°F) 30°C (86°F) 40°C (104°F) ...
Page 108 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF DISTANCE (SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF) ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: NOTES: POWER FULL THROTTLE AT 2700 RPM DECREASE DISTANCES 4% FOR EACH 5 KNOTS HEADWIND. FOR OPERATION WITH FLAPS UP TAILWINDS UP TO 10 KNOTS, INCREASE DISTANCES BY 10% FOR EACH 2.5 KNOTS. LANDING GEAR RETRACT AFTER POSITIVE CLIMB ESTABLISHED IF TAKEOFF POWER SET WITHOUT BRAKES APPLIED, THEN DISTANCE APPLY FROM COWL FLAPS OPEN POINT WHERE FULL POWER IS ATTAINED. RUNWAY HARD SURFACE, LEVEL, AND DRY THE TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE PRESENTED IS BASED ON TAKEOFFS FROM HARD ZERO WIND SURFACE RUNWAYS. GRASS, SAND, MUD, OR SNOW CAN EASILY DOUBLE THE TAKEOFF DISTANCE. Takeoff Speed KIAS 0°C (32°F) 10°C (50°F) 20°C (68°F) 30°C (86°F) ...
Page 109 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CLIMB – ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: POWER FULL THROTTLE AT 2700 RPM OAT 29°C (84°F) WEIGHT CLIMB SPEED FLAPS 0° PRESSURE ALTITUDE 546 FT POUNDS KIAS LANDING GEAR UP WEIGHT 3750 LBS 3800 85 INOP. PROPELLER FEATHERED ...
Page 110 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE SERVICE CEILING NOTE: ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE SERVICE CEILING IS THE MAXIMUM ALTITUDE WHERE THE AIRPLANE HAS THE CAPABILITY OF CLIMBING 50 FT/MIN WITH INOPERATIVE PROPELLER FEATHERED. ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE OAT 10°C (50°F) CLIMB CONFIGURATION WEIGHT 3750 LBS SERVICE CEILING 4600 FT Figure 5‐9. One Engine Inoperative Service Ceiling. 5‐16 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 111 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CLIMB – TWO ENGINE (CRUISE CLIMB) CLIMB SPEED 100 KIAS ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: POWER 2500 RPM, 25 IN HG (FULL THROTTLE ABOVE 4000 FT) OAT 10°C (50°F) FLAPS 0° PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8500 FT LANDING GEAR UP WEIGHT 3750 LBS COWL FLAPS AS REQUIRED RATE‐OF‐CLIMB 435 FPM ...
Page 112 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CLIMB – TWO ENGINE (MAXIMUM CLIMB) ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: WEIGHT CLIMB SPEED – KIAS POWER FULL THROTTLE AT 2700 RPM OAT 10°C (50°F) POUNDS SL 4000 FT 8000 FT 12000 FT FLAPS 0° PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8500 FT 3800 95 91 87 83 LANDING GEAR ...
Page 113 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB (CRUISE CLIMB) CLIMB SPEED 100 KIAS ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: POWER 2500 RPM, 25 IN HG (FULL THROTTLE ABOVE 4000 FT) OAT 29°C (84°F) FUEL DENSITY 6.0 LBS/GAL OAT AT CRUISE 10°C (50°F) MIXTURE RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE AIRPORT PRESSURE ALTITUDE 546 FT COWL FLAPS OPEN CRUISE PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8500 FT INITIAL CLIMB WEIGHT ...
Page 114 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO CLIMB (MAXIMUM CLIMB) ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: POWER FULL THROTTLE AT 2700 RPM OAT 29°C (84°F) FUEL DENSITY 6.0 LBS/GAL WEIGHT CLIMB SPEED – KIAS OAT AT CRUISE 10°C (50°F) MIXTURE RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE POUNDS SL 4000 FT 8000 FT 12000 FT AIRPORT PRESSURE ALTITUDE 546 FT ...
Page 115 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 2,000 FEET CONDITIONS: NOTE: 3800 POUNDS WHEN BEST POWER FUEL FLOW IS NOT USED, SPEEDS RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE MAY BE AS MUCH AS 3 KTAS SLOWER THAN THOSE COWL FLAPS CLOSED PRESENTED. * FULL RICH FUEL FLOW (GPH) 20°C Below Standard Temp Standard Temp 20°C Above Standard Temp ‐9°C (16°F) 11°C (52°F) 31°C (88°F) Total GPH Total GPH Total GPH % Best % Best % Best RPM ...
Page 116 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 4,000 FEET CONDITIONS: NOTE: 3800 POUNDS WHEN BEST POWER FUEL FLOW IS NOT USED, SPEEDS RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE MAY BE AS MUCH AS 3 KTAS SLOWER THAN THOSE COWL FLAPS CLOSED PRESENTED. * FULL RICH FUEL FLOW (GPH) 20°C Below Standard Temp Standard Temp 20°C Above Standard Temp ‐13°C (9°F) 7°C (45°F) 27°C (81°F) Total GPH Total GPH Total GPH % Best % Best % Best RPM ...
Page 117 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 6,000 FEET CONDITIONS: NOTE: 3800 POUNDS WHEN BEST POWER FUEL FLOW IS NOT USED, SPEEDS RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE MAY BE AS MUCH AS 3 KTAS SLOWER THAN THOSE COWL FLAPS CLOSED PRESENTED. * FULL RICH FUEL FLOW (GPH) 20°C Below Standard Temp Standard Temp 20°C Above Standard Temp ‐17°C (2°F) 3°C (38°F) 23°C (74°F) Total GPH Total GPH Total GPH % Best % Best % Best RPM ...
Page 118 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8,000 FEET CONDITIONS: NOTE: 3800 POUNDS WHEN BEST POWER FUEL FLOW IS NOT USED, SPEEDS RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE MAY BE AS MUCH AS 3 KTAS SLOWER THAN THOSE COWL FLAPS CLOSED PRESENTED. * FULL RICH FUEL FLOW (GPH) 20°C Below Standard Temp Standard Temp 20°C Above Standard Temp ‐21°C (‐6°F) ‐1°C (31°F) 19°C (67°F) Total GPH Total GPH Total GPH % Best % Best % Best RPM ...
Page 119 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 10,000 FEET CONDITIONS: NOTE: 3800 POUNDS WHEN BEST POWER FUEL FLOW IS NOT USED, SPEEDS RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE MAY BE AS MUCH AS 3 KTAS SLOWER THAN THOSE COWL FLAPS CLOSED PRESENTED. * FULL RICH FUEL FLOW (GPH) 20°C Below Standard Temp Standard Temp 20°C Above Standard Temp ‐25°C (‐13°F) ‐5°C (23°F) 15°C (59°F) Total GPH Total GPH Total GPH % Best % Best % Best RPM ...
Page 120 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE PERFORMANCE – PRESSURE ALTITUDE 12,000 FEET CONDITIONS: NOTE: 3800 POUNDS WHEN BEST POWER FUEL FLOW IS NOT USED, SPEEDS RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE MAY BE AS MUCH AS 3 KTAS SLOWER THAN THOSE COWL FLAPS CLOSED PRESENTED. * FULL RICH FUEL FLOW (GPH) 20°C Below Standard Temp Standard Temp 20°C Above Standard Temp ‐29°C (‐20°F) ‐9°C (16°F) 11°C (52°F) Total GPH Total GPH Total GPH % Best % Best % Best RPM ...
Page 121 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CRUISE SPEEDS ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: CRUISE WEIGHT 3800 LBS PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8500 FT MIXTURE BEST POWER MIXTURE SETTING POWER SETTING 65% TEMPERATURE STANDARD DAY TRUE AIRSPEED 148 KNOTS NOTE: WHEN BEST POWER FUEL FLOW IS NOT USED, SPEED MAY BE AS FUEL FLOW (GPH) % MUCH AS 3 KTAS SLOWER THAN THOSE PRESENTED. BEST POWER ECONOMY POWER ...
Page 122 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE RANGE PROFILE ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: CRUISE WEIGHT 3800 LBS BEFORE ENGINE START FUEL DENSITY 6.0 LBS/GAL MIXTURE RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE CRUISE CLIMB TO DESIRED ALTITUDE STANDARD DAY NOTE: 1. RANGE COMPUTATIONS INCLUDE FUEL REQUIRED FOR START, TAXI, TAKEOFF, CRUISE CLIMB TO ALTITUDE, CRUISE, DESCENT, AND 45 MINUTES HOLDING FUEL AT 45% POWER. 2. A BEST POWER FUEL FLOW WAS USED TO CALCULATE FROM 75% TO 65% POWER. 3. AN ECONOMY CRUISE FUEL FLOW WAS USED TO CALCULATE RANGE BELOW 65% POWER. EXAMPLE: PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8500 FT POWER SETTING 65% POWER FUEL LOADING 118 GALLONS TOTAL RANGE ...
Page 123 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE ENDURANCE PROFILE ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: CRUISE WEIGHT 3800 LBS BEFORE ENGINE START FUEL DENSITY 6.0 LBS/GAL MIXTURE RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE CRUISE CLIMB TO DESIRED ALTITUDE STANDARD DAY NOTE: 1. ENDURANCE COMPUTATIONS INCLUDE FUEL REQUIRED FOR START, TAXI, TAKEOFF, CRUISE CLIMB TO ALTITUDE, CRUISE, DESCENT AND 45 MINUTES HOLDING FUEL AT 45% POWER. 2. A BEST POWER FUEL FLOW WAS USED TO CALCULATE ENDURANCE FORM 75% TO 65% POWER. 3. AN ECONOMY CRUISE FUEL FLOW WAS USED TO CALCULATE ENDURANCE BELOW 65% POWER. EXAMPLE: PRESSURE ALTITUDE 8500 FT POWER SETTING 65% POWER FUEL LOADING 118 GALLONS TOTAL ENDURANCE ...
Page 124 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE TIME, FUEL AND DISTANCE TO DESCEND DESCEND SPEED 150 KIAS ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: POWER AS REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN 500 FT/MIN RATE OF DESCENT LANDING GEAR UP FLAPS 0° EXAMPLE: INITIAL ALTITUDE 8500 FT FINAL ALTITUDE 5000 FT TIME TO DESCEND 17 – 10 = 7 MIN FUEL TO DESCEND 5.2 – 3 = 2.2 GAL DISTANCE TO DESCEND 46 – 26 = 20 NM ...
Page 125 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE HOLDING TIME ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: * 45% POWER AT 2700 RPM CAN BE POWER 45% POWER* MAINTAINED WITH THE FOLLOWING FUEL DENSITY 6.0 LBS/GAL MANIFOLD PRESSURE MIXTURE RECOMMENDED LEANING PROCEDURE EXAMPLE: PRESSURE MANIFOLD FUEL AVAILABLE FOR HOLDING 420 LBS (70 GAL) ALTITUDE PRESSURE HOLDING TIME 7 HOURS SL 21 4000 FT 20 ...
Page 126 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE CLIMB – BALKED LANDING ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: EXAMPLE: CLIMB WEIGHT POWER FULL THROTTLE AT 2700 RPM OAT 27°C (81°F) SPEED POUNDS FLAPS 30° PRESSURE ALTITUDE 3505 FT KIAS LANDING GEAR DOWN WEIGHT 3448 LBS 3800 80 COWL FLAPS OPEN ...
Page 127 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE LANDING DISTANCE (NORMAL LANDING) ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS: NOTES: FLAPS FULL DECREASE DISTANCES 4% FOR EACH 5 KNOTS HEADWIND. POWER OFF FOR OPERATION WITH TAILWINDS UP TO 10 KNOTS, INCREASE DISTANCES BY 9% BRAKES MAXIMUM FOR EACH 2.5 KNOTS. RUNWAY HARD SURFACE, LEVEL, AND DRY ZERO WIND 0°C (32°F) 10°C (50°F) 20°C (68°F) 30°C (86°F) 40°C (104°F) Speed at Press Total Total Total Total ...
Page 128 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 5 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR PERFORMANCE PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 5‐34 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 129 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................. 6-3 AIRPLANE WEIGHING PROCEDURES .......................... 6-3 PREPARATION................................ 6-3 LEVELING THE AIRPLANE ............................6-3 MEASURING ARM ..............................6-5 AIRPLANE ON WHEELS ............................
Page 130 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 131 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 INTRODUCTION MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE This section contains procedures for determining the basic empty weight and moment of the GA-7/Cougar airplane. Sample forms and the corresponding procedure for their use are provided to enable a rapid calculation of the weight and moment for various operations.
Page 132 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE Figure 6-1. Leveling Airplane (Bottom of Fuselage) Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 133 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MEASURING ARM MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE AIRPLANE ON WHEELS 1. Obtain measurement A (Figure 6-2) as follows: With the airplane level, stretch a string laterally across the airplane from the axle center of one main landing gear to the axle center of the other main landing gear.
Page 134 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE AIRPLANE WEIGHING FORM Measurement “A” __________ Measurement “B” __________ Net Weight Scale Position Scale Reading Tare Symbol (Scale Reading – Tare) Left Wheel Right Wheel Nose Wheel TOTAL NET WEIGHT (L + R + N) Calculate C.G.
Page 135 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE AIRPLANE BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT FORM Item Weight C.G. Arm Moment/1000 Lbs. In. Total Net Weight (W) (From Figure 6-2) Unusable Fuel 4 Gal. at 6 Lb./Gal.
Page 136 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAMPLE LOADING PROBLEMS WEIGHT AND BALANCE SAMPLE AIRPLANE YOUR AIRPLANE Moment Moment Weight Weight (Lbs) (Ins) In/1000) (Lbs) (Ins) In/1000) Airplane Basic Empty Weight (As calculated in Fig. 6-3 or 2619.00...
Page 137 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR LOADING GRAPH – MODEL GA-7 (COUGAR) WEIGHT AND BALANCE Figure 6-5. Loading Graph Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 138 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR CENTER OF GRAVITY ENVELOPE – MODEL GA-7 (COUGAR) WEIGHT AND BALANCE Figure 6-6. Center of Gravity Envelope 6-10 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 139 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE Figure 6-7. Seating – Cargo Arrangement and Center of Gravity Locations 6-11 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 140 Unless otherwise indicated, actual value (not net change values) for weight and arm are shown. See Weight and Balance Data Sheet for datum location.  A separate FAA approval must be obtained if the following items are not installed per applicable Grumman American Aviation Corporation drawings or accessory kit instructions. 6-12 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 141 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE ITEM NO DESCRIPTION STATUS WT. LBS ARM INS   Powerplant Installation Includes a 160 HP Lycoming 0-320-D1D Engine, (2) 001-R fuel pump, vacuum pump drives, primer system, oil thermostatic bypass valve, carb.
Page 142 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE ITEM NO DESCRIPTION STATUS WT. LBS ARM INS   039-A Head Rests, Rear (2) .86ea 145.00 040-R Tie Down Rings, Wing (2) .10ea 99.00 Tie Down Ring, Tail (1) .10ea...
Page 143 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE ITEM NO DESCRIPTION STATUS WT. LBS ARM INS   080-A Collins TDR 950 with Antenna 2.40 68.18 081-A Collins AMR 350 with Antenna 2.80 114.90...
Page 144 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 6 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR WEIGHT AND BALANCE ITEM NO DESCRIPTION STATUS WT. LBS ARM INS   105-A Turn & Bank Indicator 2.10 68.00 106-A Rear Seat Vents .36ea 115.00 107-S Storage Box Assembly 85.00...
Page 145 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS SECTION 7 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................. 7‐3 AIRFRAME .................................. 7‐3 FLIGHT CONTROLS .............................. 7‐4 AILERON CONTROL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐1) ....................... 7‐4 AILERON TRIM SYSTEM ............................ 7‐4 ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐2) ...................... 7‐4 ELEVATOR TRIM SYSTEM (Figure 7‐3) ........................ 7‐8 RUDDER CONTROL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐4) ....................... 7‐8 RUDDER TRIM SYSTEM (Figure 7‐5) ........................ 7‐8 WING FLAP SYSTEM .............................. 7‐8 INSTRUMENT PANEL (Figure 7‐7) .......................... 7‐9 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS (Figure 7‐7) ........................ 7‐9 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTS (Figure 7‐7) ...................... 7‐9 CONTROLS ................................ 7‐9 GROUND CONTROL .............................. 7‐15 LANDING GEAR ................................ 7‐17 MAIN LANDING GEAR ASSEMBLY ........................ 7‐17 NOSE LANDING GEAR ASSEMBLY ........................ 7‐17 ...
Page 146 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS BAGGAGE COMPARTMENTS ............................ 7‐21 AFT BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT .......................... 7‐21 NOSE BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT ........................ 7‐21 SEATS AND BELTS.............................. 7‐21 ENGINES ................................... 7‐22 ENGINE CONTROLS (Figure 7‐8) .......................... 7‐22 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS............................ 7‐22 ENGINE LUBRICATING SYSTEM.......................... 7‐22 IGNITION SYSTEM .............................. 7‐22 AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM ............................ 7‐23 EXHAUST SYSTEM .............................. 7‐23 ENGINE COOLING .............................. 7‐23 COWL FLAPS ................................ 7‐23 ENGINE MOUNTS .............................. 7‐23 PROPELLERS ................................ 7‐23 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM (Figure 7‐11) ........................... 7‐24 HYDRAULIC POWER PACK ........................... 7‐24 BRAKE SYSTEM .............................. 7‐24 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐12) ........................... 7‐27 LIGHTING SYSTEM .............................. 7‐29 EXTERIOR LIGHTING ............................ 7‐29 ...
Page 147: Introduction
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS INTRODUCTION This section provides description of the airplane and its systems. Some of the equipment described in this section is optional equipment and may not be installed on the airplane. Also, there may be optional equipment on the airplane not discussed in this section. Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of Optional Equipment. AIRFRAME The Model GA‐7/Cougar is an all‐metal, low‐wing, twin‐engine airplane. The airframe, consisting of fuselage, empennage, and wings, employs high‐strength adhesive bonding of aluminum sheet metal to bulkheads and ribs. This type of structure provides a smooth aerodynamic surface and eliminates many sources of drag and stress concentrations. The lower cabin section of the fuselage is completely surrounded by aluminum honeycomb, which provides an exceptionally strong, lightweight passenger compartment for maximum safety. The fuselage is a one piece bonded aluminum assembly using 1/2‐inch thick aluminum honeycomb panels around the lower cabin area. The fuselage nose section structure is designed to accept the nose gear. A nose baggage compartment is optional. The forward section of fuselage, aft of the nose section, incorporates the controls installation and instrument panel. The cabin area contains a single pane windshield, six side windows, including an emergency escape window, entrance door and seats for pilot, copilot, and two passengers. A cabin entry step is attached to the right side of the fuselage for easy entry and exit from the airplane. A key operated baggage compartment access door is located on the right hand side of the fuselage. The lower fuselage structure houses the front and rear carry‐through spars. The empennage consists of a stabilizer, elevator, fin, and rudder. The stabilizer consists of reinforced rear spar, center ribs, forward spar, nose ribs, and bonded skins. The elevators consist of a front spar, aft spar, ribs, skins, balance weights, bracketry, and skin stiffeners. The right elevator contains the trim tab. The elevators are actuated through a bellcrank connected to the elevator horns. The fin assembly consists of a forward spar, rear spar, ribs, and bonded skins. The fin is swept and is faired to the fuselage by a dorsal fin. The rudder consists of a forward spar, rear spar, ribs, and skins. The rudder is hinged to the fin at three separate points. The rudder control system is a conventional rudder bar‐rudder pedal, cable and bellcrank system. Movement of the rudder pedals is transmitted by pushrods, bellcranks, and cables, resulting in a corresponding displacement of the rudder from the neutral position. The rudder pedals are loaded to the neutral position by a ...
Page 148: Flight Controls
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS FLIGHT CONTROLS The flight controls consist of the ailerons, elevators, rudders, and their respective trim systems. The control surfaces are constructed of spars, ribs, and bonded skins. The control surfaces are ball bearing mounted and operated through push‐pull rods and conventional cable systems, terminating in bellcranks. AILERON CONTROL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐1) The ailerons are driven through a chain and cable drive system. A series of cables and pulleys are routed from the control column through the center console and out into the wing to a bellcrank. The aileron is connected to the bellcrank with a pushrod, using standard rod ends. As a result of the gear ratio provided by the control column and bellcrank arrangement and the static balance on the aileron, the GA‐7/Cougar is provided with an extremely smooth, light, and readily responsive aileron control system. AILERON TRIM SYSTEM The aileron trim control system provides a means to trim the airplane about the roll axis and compensate for variations in attitude caused by passenger and cargo loading. With the aileron trim control knob positioned so that the pointer is in the neutral (vertical) position, the airplane should be slightly heavy on the left wing when flying solo. The aileron trim control knob is connected by a system of levers and pushrods to a bungee at the top of the control column (Figure 7‐1). With the control knob in the neutral position, spring action in the bungee will return the ailerons to the neutral position each time pressure is released at the control wheel. As the aileron trim control knob is rotated from the neutral position, a corresponding amount of pre‐loading is introduced into the bungee, resulting in each aileron being returned to a point slightly away from the neutral position. ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐2) Each elevator is basically a bonded structure composed of ribs, spars, skins, torque tube, and tip cap. The trailing edge of the right elevator contains a hinged trim tab. The elevator is operated by moving the control column forward or aft. As the control column is moved fore and aft, the displacement is transmitted by a pushrod to the elevator control bellcrank located forward of the rudder pedals. The elevator control bellcrank in turn operates the up and down elevator cables which transmit the control wheel displacement to the aft elevator bellcrank located in the aft fuselage. Two pushrods, connected to the aft elevator bellcrank, transmit the motion to a ...
Page 149 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐1. Aileron Control System (Sheet 1 of 2) 7‐5 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 150 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐1. Aileron Control System (Sheet 2 of 2) 7‐6 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 151 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐2. Elevator Control System. 7‐7 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 152: Elevator Trim System (Figure 7-3)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS ELEVATOR TRIM SYSTEM (Figure 7‐3) The elevator trim tab is a bonded structure composed of ribs, spars, and skin. The trim tab forms the inboard portion of the elevator trailing edge, and is connected to the elevator with a piano‐type hinge. A horn assembly extending from the underside of the trim tab is connected to the control system by an adjustable pushrod extending through the elevator structure. As the elevator trim tab control wheel is rotated, its angular displacement is transmitted to a chain and sprocket located within the right‐hand stabilizer by a drum, cables and idler pulleys. Rotating the sprocket changes the effective length of the actuator assembly, and positions the trim tab by means of a pushrod in the elevator. Trim tab level is limited by stops as either end of the trim tab wheel travel. An electric elevator trim system is available as an optional system. RUDDER CONTROL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐4) The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer fin rear spar at three points. The rudder is actuated by a horn bellcrank attached to the bottom of the rudder torque tube. The bellcrank is actuated by cables attached to idler bellcranks forward of the control column. The idler bellcranks are connected to the rudder pedals by pushrods. RUDDER TRIM SYSTEM (Figure 7‐5) The rudder trim tab is a bonded structure composed of ribs, spars, and skin. The trim tab forms the lower portion of the rudder trailing edge, and is connected to the rudder with a piano‐type hinge. A horn assembly extending from the left‐hand side of the trim is connected to the control system by an adjustable pushrod extending through the rudder structure. As the rudder trim tab control wheel is rotated, its angular displacement is transmitted to a chain and sprocket located within the vertical stabilizer by a drum, cables, and idler pulleys. Rotating the sprocket changes the effective length of the actuator assembly, and positions the trim tab by means of a pushrod in the rudder. Trim tab travel is limited by stops at either end of the trim tab wheel travel. WING FLAP SYSTEM The flap system consists of a flap mounted on each wing, a worm gear actuator, reversible DC motor, torque tube, and mechanical linkage. The electrical motor, located beneath the rear passenger seat, turns a worm drive gear in ...
Page 153: Instrument Panel (Figure 7-7)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS WARNING ABRUPTLY RELEASING THE SWITCH MAY CAUSE IT TO SNAP THROUGH THE NEUTRAL DETENT, INTO THE RETRACT POSITION. INSTRUMENT PANEL (Figure 7‐7) The instrument panel is designed around the basic “T” configuration and provides the optimum in panel arrangement suitable for both VFR and IFR use. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS (Figure 7‐7) The flight instruments are located on the left side of the instrument panel. The flight instruments consist of the attitude and directional gyros, airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, turn coordinator, and clock. These flight instruments are located directly in front of the pilot. The airspeed indicator and altimeter are located to the left and right of the gyros and complete the basic “T”. The remainder of the flight instruments are located around the basic “T” in full view of the pilot. POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTS (Figure 7‐7) The required power plant instruments are located along the lower portion of the instrument panel and consist of a dual manifold pressure gauge, dual tachometer, fuel quantity indicators, oil pressure and oil temperature gauges, ammeters, fuel pressure and cylinder head temperature gauges. Alternator inoperative indications are provided by warning lights located on the glareshield. ...
Page 154 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐3. Elevator Trim System. 7‐10 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 155 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐4. Rudder Control System. 7‐11 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 156 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐5. Rudder Trim System. 7‐12 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 157 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐6. Flap Drive Mechanism. 7‐13 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 158 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Autopilot Control (Opt.) 22. Instrument Cluster Electric Trim (Opt.) 23. Flap Control Switch ADF Indicator/ADF Receiver (Opt.) 24. Flap Position Indicator Clock (Opt.) 25. EGT Indicator (Opt.) Turn Coordinator (Opt.) 26. Dual Tachometer Airspeed Indicator 27. Emergency Gear Extension Control Directional Gyro (Opt.) 28. Landing Gear Lights Attitude Gyro (Opt.) 29. Landing Gear Control Vertical Speed Indicator (Opt.) 30. Manifold Pressure Indicator 10. Altimeter 31. Navigation Lights Switch 11. Radio Coupler (Opt.) 32.
Page 159: Ground Control
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS GROUND CONTROL Spring‐loaded linkage from the nose gear to the rudder pedals allows for nosewheel steering. The nose gear spring and linkage provides steering through an arc of approximately 18° ± 3° each side of centerline and is capable of swiveling the nose gear through approximately 35 degrees with differential power and braking. Smooth turning is accomplished by allowing the airplane to roll while depressing the appropriate rudder pedal. The minimum wing tip turning radius, using braking action and differential power is 47 feet, 8 inches. (See Figure 7‐9.) NOTE Minimum turning radius is accomplished with inboard wheel brake locked, full rudder, and differential power. As large a turning radius as practical should be used to avoid tire wear caused by excessive braking on inboard wheel. Figure 7‐8. Engine Controls. 7‐15 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 160 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐9. Minimum Turning Radius. 7‐16 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 161: Landing Gear
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS LANDING GEAR The landing gear is fully retractable tricycle landing gear. The landing gear system consists of the main gear located in each wing, and the nose gear located in the forward fuselage. The landing gear retraction system uses a hydraulic power supply that is self‐contained with an electric motor driven pump, reservoir, relief valves, and flow valves. The hydraulic power pack is a 12‐volt unit located in the left side of the nose section. MAIN LANDING GEAR ASSEMBLY The main landing gear assembly consists of a forged trunnion, oleo cylinder, piston and fork assembly, torque links, brace, various seals and seal retainers, tire and wheel assembly and brake assembly. An air valve is located in the top of the assembly to fill the oleo. The brake assemblies are of the conventional design, using a dual piston, and mounts on bushings in a torque plate with two floating pins. NOSE LANDING GEAR ASSEMBLY The nose gear construction is similar to the main gear. The nose gear is steerable through a linkage and spring connection with the rudder pedals. Nose gear retraction is same as main gear. The nose gear is completely covered by doors when the gear is retracted. LANDING GEAR POSITION LIGHTS, WARNING HORN, AND SAFETY SWITCH There are three gear down and locked indicator lights (green), one for each gear, located on the instrument panel to the right of the gear selector switch. These green, gear down indicator lights are activated by three gear down lock piston switches and three overcenter down switches. As the landing gear extends to the DOWN position, the three gear down lock piston switches and three overcenter down switches are actuated, the hydraulic pump is shut off, and the three green lights are illuminated. The gears are held down by overcenter braces and locked by lock pins engaging the piston of each gear actuator. On aircraft Serial Number 61 and subsequent, hydraulic pressure is maintained as long as the master switch is on, to assist in holding the landing gear in the down and locked position. When the selector is placed in the UP position, hydraulic pressure causes the piston locks to withdraw from the gear actuating cylinders and the gear begins to retract. The three green gear down indicator lights immediately go out and the amber NOT SAFE light comes on. The amber NOT SAFE light, located above the three green lights on the instrument panel, indicates that the gear is in‐transit or not down and locked. When all three landing gear have reached the full UP position, the amber NOT SAFE light goes out. The landing gear is held in the full UP position by hydraulic pressure and since no mechanical uplocks are provided, the landing gear will ...
Page 162: Landing Gear Emergency Extension
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS LANDING GEAR EMERGENCY EXTENSION The bypassing of hydraulic fluid is accomplished by use of the emergency gear extension valve, located in the nose section. The emergency gear extension control handle is located beneath the instrument panel. Landing gear emergency extension is accomplished by bypassing hydraulic fluid from the up side of the gear actuators, directly to the power pack reservoir. This releases the up pressure on the actuators, allowing the gears to free fall. Down springs aid in placing the gears in full down position. Piston locks mechanically engage to lock the gear down. Should the emergency gear extension handle be inadvertently left OUT, the landing gear will not retract. FUEL SYSTEM The GA‐7/Cougar has an independent fuel system incorporated into each wing, permitting each engine to operate from its own fuel supply. However, the two fuel systems are interconnected by a cross feed system, which permits fuel from one tank to be drawn by the engine on the opposite side. The fuel systems consist of two wing tanks, sump tanks, auxiliary fuel pumps (electric), engine driven fuel pumps, selector valves, primer solenoid valves, fuel drains, fuel vents, and associated plumbing. See Figure 7‐10 for fuel system schematic. FUEL TANKS The fuel bay areas (tanks) are integral parts of the wing, located between the main and rear wing spars. Solid end ribs are used to close off inboard and outboard ends of the bay. Total volume (both tanks) is 118 gallons with 114 gallons useable in all flight attitudes. Each fuel bay is equipped with a quick drain valve. VENT SYSTEM The fuel bays are vented overboard through vent lines extending to the bottom of the outer wing. Vent lines from the sump tanks extend to each respective main tank to prevent the sump tanks from becoming air locked. SUMP TANKS A sump tank is provided in each wing, inboard of the engine. Each sump tank is equipped with a quick drain valve. AUXILIARY FUEL PUMPS An electric auxiliary fuel pump is located in each wing, immediately forward of the sump tanks. An integral bypass ...
Page 163: Fuel Quantity Indicators
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS FUEL QUANTITY INDICATORS Fuel quantity is measured by two electrically operated fuel quantity indicators located on the right portion of the instrument panel. The indicators are actuated individually by two fuel quantity transmitters installed in the inboard and outboard ends of each fuel bay. The transmitters consist of a float attached to a pivoted rod, one end of which is a rheostat wiper. Changes in fuel level causes angular travel of the float which increases or decreases the amount of resistance in the circuit. This regulates the amount of needle deflection at the indicator, to indicate fuel quantity. ENGINE FUEL PRIMER Primer solenoid valves are located between the fuel selector valves and the engine primer lines. A spring loaded toggle switch, located on the lower left side of the instrument panel, when activated turns on the corresponding auxiliary fuel pump and opens the corresponding solenoid valves. 7‐19 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 164 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS LEFT ENGINE RIGHT ENGINE CARBURETOR FUEL VENT LINE CARBURETOR CROSS FEED FUEL CROSS FEED FUEL FUEL SUPPLY RIGHT TANK FUEL FUEL FUEL SUPPLY LEFT TANK PUMP PUMP FILLER CAP DRAIN PRIMER PRIMER SOLENOID SOLENOID X‐FEED X‐FEED ELEC ELEC FUEL FUEL PUMP PUMP SELECTOR SELECTOR VALVE VALVE VENT VENT LEFT MAIN TANK...
Page 165: Baggage Compartments
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS BAGGAGE COMPARTMENTS AFT BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT The aft baggage compartment is accessible through a key operated door on the right hand side of the aft fuselage. The aft baggage compartment has a maximum limit of 175 pounds. Tie down straps are provided and should be used to secure any baggage or cargo carried in the compartment. WARNING DO NOT PLACE CHILDREN OR ANIMALS IN THE BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT OR CARRY AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. NOSE BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT A nose baggage compartment, with access door on right hand side of the nose section, is provided on the GA‐ 7/Cougar as optional equipment. A maximum of 75 pounds may be carried in the nose baggage compartment. A net type tie down is provided and should be used for securing any baggage or cargo carried in the nose section. Refer to Section 6 for loading information. SEATS AND BELTS Contoured front seats are individually adjustable fore and aft using the adjustment levers located on the front (center) of each seat. The front seat folds forward for easy access to the rear seat. Each seat is provided with a seat belt and a shoulder harness. The shoulder harnesses are adjustable, and may be loosened in cruise to allow freedom of movement. They should be tight during takeoff and landing, as this increases the effectiveness of the seat belt substantially. The seat belts should be adjusted to lie low on the hips, as tightly as can be worn without discomfort. The shoulder harnesses should lie over the outer shoulder and across the chest, with no slack during takeoff and landing. WARNING ...
Page 166: Engines
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS ENGINES The GA‐7/Cougar is equipped with two Lycoming O‐320‐D1D, four cylinder, direct drive, horizontally opposed, air cooled engines. Each engine has a rated horsepower of 160 at 2700 RPM. Standard equipment provided on each engine includes an oil pump, fuel pump, propeller governor, starter, and alternator. The compression ratio is 8.5:1 and propeller drive ratio is 1:1. Propeller drive rotation is clockwise. ENGINE CONTROLS (Figure 7‐8) The engine controls, consisting of propeller, throttle, cowl flaps, mixture, and carburetor heat controls, are located on the engine control quadrant below the instrument panel. A quadrant friction lock is provided to keep the engine primary controls (throttle, mixture, and propeller) from creeping, once they have been set. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS The engine instruments are discussed under INSTRUMENT PANEL paragraph in this section. (See Figure 7‐7.) ENGINE LUBRICATING SYSTEM Oil for engine lubrication is supplied from a sump on the bottom of the engine. The capacity of the engine sump is eight quarts. Oil is drawn from the sump through an oil suction strainer into the engine‐driven oil pump. From the pump, oil is routed to a bypass valve. If the oil is cold, the bypass valve allows the oil to go directly from the pump to the oil filter. If the oil is hot, the bypass valve routes the oil out of the accessory housing and into a flexible hose leading to the oil cooler on the left rear of the engine. Oil from the cooler returns to the accessory housing where it enters the oil filter. The filtered oil then enters a pressure relief valve which regulates engine oil pressure by allowing excessive oil to return to the pump, while the balance of the oil is circulated to various engine parts for lubrication. Residual oil is returned to the sump by gravity flow. NOTE Constant use of correct grade of fuel and oil contributes more to satisfactory performance and long life of an engine than any other item of engine operation ...
Page 167: Air Induction System
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM The engine air induction system receives ram air through the engine air intake inside the engine cowling. The ram air passes through a duct to the air filter located directly behind the carburetor where the air is filtered prior to entry into the carburetor. When carburetor heat is being applied, a flapper valve in the intake to the air filter is closed off and the carburetor draws unfiltered heated air from a shroud around the engine exhaust muffler. EXHAUST SYSTEM Exhaust gas from each cylinder passes through riser assemblies to a muffler and tailpipe. The muffler is constructed with a shroud around the outside, which forms a heating chamber for cabin and carburetor heat. ENGINE COOLING Ram air for engine cooling enters through the air intake openings in the engine cowl. The air is directed around the cylinders and other engine areas by baffling, and then exhausted through an exit duct in the bottom of the engine cowling. COWL FLAPS Each engine has a cowl flap located in the lower cowling. The cowl flaps control engine heat and are controlled by manual control knobs located on the bottom of the control quadrant (Figure 7‐8). Pulling the knobs out closes the cowl flaps and the flaps are opened by pushing the knobs in. The cowl flaps can be set at any desired position form closed to full open and can be locked in a position by turning the control knob to the right. ENGINE MOUNTS Each engine is mounted to the nacelle engine support structure at four mount points. Each of these mounts contains rubber isolators capable of sustaining operational loads and providing absorption for engine vibration. PROPELLERS The airplane is equipped with Hartzell all metal, two bladed, constant speed, full feathering, governor regulated propellers. The propellers are operated by oil pressure from the engine oil system. The oil pressure is boosted by the propeller governor gear pump. Oil pressure from the governor drives the blades toward low pitch (increasing ...
Page 168: Hydraulic System (Figure 7-11)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS HYDRAULIC SYSTEM (Figure 7‐11) A hydraulic system is provided for retraction and extension of the landing gears. The system consists of a power pack assembly, lines, landing gear actuators, hydraulic pressure switch, relief valve, and manually operated selector valve. The normal operating pressure for the system is 1500 psi. Actuation of the system is initiated by a selector valve control handle located on the lower, left center portion of the instrument panel, adjacent to the gear indicator lights. HYDRAULIC POWER PACK The hydraulic power pack consists of a reservoir, a DC electric motor driven pump and pressure control and relief valves. The power pack is a 12‐volt unit located in the left side of the nose section. BRAKE SYSTEM An independent hydraulically actuated brake system is provided for each main wheel. Hydraulic master cylinders are connected to each rudder pedal. The master cylinders are connected to wheel cylinders through lines and hose assemblies. The brakes are operated from the pilot’s rudder pedals. Brakes for the copilot’s side are available as optional equipment. The brakes are operated by applying toe pressure to the top of the rudder pedals. The parking brake system consists of a manually operated knob connected to a parking brake valve located in the brake lines. When pressure is applied to the brake system and the parking brake handle is pulled, pressure is locked on the wheel cylinders by the parking brake valve. Pressure at the wheel cylinders is released by pushing the parking brake knob in. The brake linings and brake disc should be inspected during the preflight inspection. If the linings are less than 1/10 inch (0.100) thickness or the disc is less than 11/32 inch (0.345) thickness, they should be replaced as soon as possible. NOTE The parking brake should be left off and wheel chocks installed if the airplane is to be left unattended. Changes in ambient temperature can cause the brakes to release or to exert excessive pressures. ...
Page 169 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐11. Hydraulic System Schematic (Gear Retracted). 7‐25 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 170 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐11A. Hydraulic System Schematic (Gear Retracted). 7‐26 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 171: Electrical System (Figure 7-12)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (Figure 7‐12) Electrical power is supplied by a 14‐volt, direct current, negative ground electrical system. A 12‐volt, 25 ampere hour battery is incorporated in the system to furnish power for starting and as a reserve power source in case of alternator failure. The battery is located in the nose section of the airplane on the right side below the baggage compartment floor. The electrical generating system consists of two engine driven, (self‐exciting) 60 ampere alternators. Two solid state regulators maintain effective alternator load sharing while regulating the system bus voltage at 14.0 volts. Also, incorporated in the system are overvoltage relays, one for each alternator circuit, which prevents damage to electrical and avionic equipment in case of regulator malfunction. A warning light on the instrument panel will illuminate if either alternator fails to produce current, accompanied by a zero indication on the individual ammeter. The loads from the electrical bus system are protected by manual reset type circuit breakers, mounted on the lower right‐hand portion of the instrument panel. An external power receptacle is available as optional equipment, to supplement the battery system for starting the engines and for ground operation. Operation of the battery is controlled by a master switch, located on the lower left‐hand section of the instrument panel. The master switch also connects the bus bar to the alternator field circuit switches on the instrument panel. 7‐27 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 172 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS ALTERNATOR FAULT INDICATOR LEFT ALTERNATOR TEST BUTTON 60 AMPERE AMMETER OVERVOLTAGE VOLTAGE RELAY REGULATOR LEFT ALTERNATOR SWITCH ALL CIRCUIT BREAKERS ARE IDENTICAL EXCEPT FOR CURRENT RATING. ALL CIRCUIT BREAKERS ARE MOUNTED ON THE LOWER RIGHT OF INSTRUMENT PANEL AND ARE NORMALLY CLOSED. ALTERNATOR FAULT MASTER SWITCH INDICATOR RIGHT ALTERNATOR TEST BUTTON 60 AMPERE AMMETER OVERVOLTAGE VOLTAGE RELAY REGULATOR RIGHT ALTERNATOR SWITCH EXTERNAL POWER SOLENOID BATTERY SOLENOID EXTERNAL POWER RECEP TACLE ‐...
Page 173: Lighting System
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS LIGHTING SYSTEM EXTERIOR LIGHTING Navigation lights are standard equipment on the airplane with a light located on each wing tip and one in the aft end of the tailcone. The navigation lights are controlled by a single switch on the lower left section of the instrument panel. Other external lights available as optional equipment consist of three anticollision strobe lights (one in each wing tip and one in the aft end of the tail), a courtesy entrance step and walkway light, and a landing light. The strobe lights are vibration resistant and produce an extremely high intensity flash. The strobe light switch is located on the lower left section of the instrument panel. Courtesy lights, one for the entrance step and one for the walkway are available as optional equipment. The step light is located above the step, beneath the inboard wing. The walkway light is located above the walkway on the side of the fuselage with a switch adjacent to the light. Another switch is located inside the cabin, on the left‐hand side of the fuselage. INTERIOR LIGHTING Interior lighting consists of the instrument lights, compass and radio dial lights, cabin lights, map light (optional), and baggage compartment lights. The instrument panel lighting is provided by lights located in the instrument panel, glareshield, and overhead. The intensity of the instrument panel lighting is controlled by a dimming rheostat on the left side of the instrument panel. The radio dial lights are controlled by a separate dimming rheostat. A map light, mounted on the left side of the cabin, is available as optional equipment. Also available as optional equipment are lights in the baggage compartments and two overhead cabin lights with individual switches for the passenger compartment. 7‐29 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 174: Instrument Pressure System (Figure 7-13)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS INSTRUMENT PRESSURE SYSTEM (Figure 7‐13) An instrument pressure system is used on the GA‐7/Cougar to provide pressure for operation of the gyro instruments. The pressure system consists of two inlet air filters, two engine driven dry air pumps, two regulators, a pressure manifold, an inline filter, directional gyro, horizon gyro, differential pressure gauge with source indicator, and necessary tubing and fittings. The two pumps are interconnected at the manifold to form a single system. If either pump fails, a valve automatically closes in the manifold and the remaining pump continues to operate all gyro instruments. The two source indicators in the pressure gauge are red “Bull’s Eye” type indicators which retract out of sight in the gauge face when the pumps are operating normally. The normal operating system pressure should be between 4.3 to 6.1 PSI at engine normal operating speed. Should an air pump malfunction occur, the “Bull’s Eye” for that pump will appear in the dial face. Figure 7‐13. Pressure System Schematic. PITOT‐STATIC SYSTEM The pitot‐static system supplies ram air pressure to the airspeed indicator and static pressure to the airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator and altimeter. The system is composed of a pitot tube mounted on the lower surface of the nose section, two external static ports, one on each side of the aft fuselage, and the associated plumbing necessary to connect the instruments to the pressure sources. An alternate internal static pressure system is provided to supply an alternate static source to the pilot’s instruments should the external static pressure source malfunction. The control for the alternate static air is located adjacent to pilot’s air vent on the instrument panel. The airplane is equipped with a pitot heat system. The system consists of a heating element in the pitot tube, a pitot heat switch located on the lower left side of the instrument panel, a 14‐ampere circuit breaker on the lower right side of the instrument panel and associated wiring. When the pitot heat is turned on, the heating element in the pitot tube is heated to maintain proper operation in possible icing conditions. 7‐30 ...
Page 175: Stall Warning System
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS STALL WARNING SYSTEM The GA‐7/Cougar airplane is equipped with an electrically operated stall warning system. The system consists of two stall sensor switches located in the right wing leading edge, a warning horn located behind the instrument panel, a cam actuated flap position detector microswitch, a 5‐ampere circuit protector, and necessary wiring. The stall sensor switches actuate the stall warning system. As the airspeed and angle of attack of the wing change to the extent that a stall condition is imminent, a portion of the airflow over the wing leading edge lifts the tab on the lift detectors. The lift detectors then complete a circuit that applies electrical power to the stall warning horn. The stall warning horn provides an aural indication of an impending stall at approximately 5 KIAS to 10 KIAS above the power off stall speed of the airplane. With the flaps retracted (0 to 5 degrees), the inboard stall detector is monitored. With the flaps extended (5 to 30 degrees), the outboard stall detector is monitored. The stall warning system is inoperative with the MASTER switch off. CABIN HEATING, VENTILATING, AND DEFROSTING SYSTEMS Cabin air supply in the GA‐7/Cougar consists of three systems designed to provide environmental control in the cabin compartment. The systems consist of heating, ventilating, and defrosting systems with their associated heat exchange sections of the exhaust mufflers, hot and cold air valves with interconnecting linkage, valve controls on the instrument panel and adjustable outlets and ducting connecting the system. A means of exhaust for air brought into the cabin by the three systems is provided by a cabin air exit scoop assembly located in the aft fuselage access cover beneath the fuselage at the aft fuselage bulkhead. HEATING SYSTEM Cabin heat is provided by a dual system with separate heat sources and controls for the left and right side of the cabin. Ram air is ducted through each engine baffle inlet and the heat exchange section of the muffler, and to the hot air valve located on the forward side of the engine firewall. Ram air is also ducted from the wing lower leading edge to the cold air valve located on the aft side of the engine firewall. Left and right cabin air controls located on the instrument panel control the respective systems. Depending on the position of the control, various amounts of hot and cold air are mixed for delivery to the cabin. VENTILATING SYSTEM ...
Page 176 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 7 MODEL GA‐7/COUGAR AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS Figure 7‐14. Heating and Defrosting Systems. 7‐32 Issued: April 10, 1978 ...
Page 177 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE SECTION 8 HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................. 8-3 IDENTIFICATION PLATE .............................. 8-3 PUBLICATIONS ................................8-3 AIRPLANE FILE ................................8-4 AIRPLANE INSPECTION PERIODS ..........................8-4 PILOT CONDUCTED PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ......................
Page 178 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE ENGINE CLEANING ............................... 8-10 INTERIOR CARE ..............................8-10 RECOMMENDED LUBRICANTS ..........................8-12 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 179: Introduction
MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE The purpose of this section is to provide the procedures recommended by Grumman American for proper ground handling, routine care and servicing, inspection, and maintenance requirements to retain a new plane performance and reliability standard. It is recommended that a planned schedule of lubrication and preventive maintenance be followed, and that this schedule be tailored to the climatic or flying conditions to which the airplane is subjected.
Page 180: Airplane File
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 AIRPLANE FILE MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE Numerous data, information, and licenses are required by Federal Aviation Regulations and by the Federal Communications Commission as part of the airplane file. This file shall be maintained as a permanent record of the airplane.
Page 181: Pilot Conducted Preventive Maintenance
A maintenance manual should be obtained prior to performing any preventive maintenance to ensure that proper procedures are followed. Your Grumman American Dealer should be contacted for further information or for required maintenance which must be accomplished by appropriately licensed personnel.
Page 182: Tie Down
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 TIE DOWN MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE Proper tie down procedure is the best precaution against damage to the parked airplane by gusty or strong winds. To tie down the airplane securely, proceed as follows: 1.
Page 183: Servicing (See Figure 8-1)
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 SERVICING (See Figure 8-1) MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE In addition to the preflight inspection in Section 4, servicing, inspection, and test requirements for your airplane are detailed in the maintenance manual. The maintenance manual outlines all items which require attention at 50, 100, and 1000 hour intervals plus those items which require servicing, inspection, and/or testing at special intervals.
Page 184: Tire Service
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 FUEL MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE Minimum Grade (and Color) – 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (green), 100 low lead aviation fuel (blue) with a lead content limited to 2mL of TEL per U.S. gallon is also approved. The capacity of each tank is 59 gallons.
Page 185: Cleaning And Care
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 CLEANING AND CARE MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE EXTERIOR CARE The painted surfaces of the airplane have a long-lasting, all-weather finish and should require no buffing or rubbing out in normal conditions. However, it is desirable to wax and polish it to preserve the outstanding exterior finish.
Page 186 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 PROPELLER CARE MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE Damage from foreign objects, sometimes referred to as “nicks”, may appear in the leading edges of the propellers form time to time. It is vital that these nicks be inspected by qualified maintenance personnel and corrected as quickly as possible.
Page 187 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE Figure 8-1. Servicing Points. 8-11 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 188 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 RECOMMENDED LUBRICANTS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE TRADE NAME MANUFACTURER MIL-G-21164 GREASE (Note 1) Aeroshell Grease 17 Shell Oil Company Braycote 664 Bray Oil Company PED 3350 Grease Standard Oil Company...
Page 189 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE TRADE NAME MANUFACTURER MIL-L-7870 OIL (Note 1) Brayco 363 Bray Oil Company Cosmolube 263 E. F. Houghton Company Enco Instrument Oil Humble Oil & Refining Company Low Temperature Oil 1692 Texaco Inc.
Page 190 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 8 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE TRADE NAME MANUFACTURER MIL-L-6082B ENGINE OIL (Notes 1 and 2) (Continued) Conoco Aero Oil 1100** Continental Oil Company Chevron Aero Oil Grade 120* Standard Oil Company...
Page 191: For Training Use Only – Section
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................. 9-2 LOG OF SUPPLEMENTS .............................. 9-3 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 192: Limitations
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 INTRODUCTION MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS This section consists of a series of supplements. Each supplement contains a brief description, and when applicable, operating limitations, emergency and normal procedures, and performance. Routinely installed items of optional equipment, whose function and operational procedures do not require detailed instructions, are discussed in Section 7.
Page 193 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual LOG OF SUPPLEMENTS FAA Supplements must be in the airplane for flight operation when subject equipment is installed. Supplement No.
Page 194: Emergency Procedures
This supplement must be included in the applicable Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual, dated 4-10-78, when Edo-Aire Mitchell, Century IIB Autopilot Model AK636 is installed in accordance with Grumman American Drawing 7AV10980. The information contained herein supplements the information of the basic Pilot’s Operating Handbook and Airplane Flight Manual.
Page 195: Performance
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE There is no change to the performance of the airplane due to the autopilot’s installation. FAA APPROVED ACTIVE CHIEF, ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING BRANCH SOUTHERN REGION FAA...
Page 196 Manual, dated 4-10-78, when Edo-Aire Mitchell Century III Autopilot, Model AK635 is installed in accordance with Grumman American Drawing 7AV10981, (7AV10982 when optional glide slope coupling is installed). The information contained herein supplements the information of the basic Pilot’s Operating Handbook and Airplane Flight Manual.
Page 197 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS AUTOPILOT 1. In the event of an autopilot malfunction the autopilot can be: Disconnected by depressing the master disconnect/interrupt switch (Electric Trim ON). b. Disconnected by depressing the trim switch autopilot OFF bar.
Page 198 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS 4. Slaving Failure – (i.e. failure to self correct for gyro drift): Check gyro slaving switch is set to No. 1 position (if equipped with Slave No. 1 – No. 2 switch) or “SLAVED”...
Page 199: Supplements
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS 2. When the top bar is pressed and the rocker is moved forward, nose down trim will occur – when moved aft, nose up trim will occur. PREFLIGHT COMMAND TRIM – BEFORE EACH FLIGHT 1.
Page 200: Issued: April
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE There is no change to the performance of the airplane due to the autopilot’s installation. 9-10 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 201: Issued: April
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK AND FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL SUPPLEMENT NO. 4 PRESSURE CONVERSION INCHES OF MERCURY TO MILLIBARS EXAMPLE: PRESSURE (IN HG) 30.02 PRESSURE (MILLIBARS) 1016.6 1050...
Page 202 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 9 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SUPPLEMENTS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK 9-12 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 203 VFR – LOW CEILINGS ............................10-9 VFR AT NIGHT ..............................10-9 VERTIGO – DISORIENTATION ........................... 10-9 STALLS, SLOW FLIGHT, AND V DEMONSTRATION .................... 10-10 STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR SPIN RECOVERY – GRUMMAN AMERICAN AIRPLANES......... 10-10 VORTICES – WAKE TURBULENCE ..........................10 10-1 Issued: April 10, 1978...
Page 204 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION TAKEOFF AND LANDING CONDITIONS ........................10-10 MEDICAL FACTS FOR PILOTS ..........................10-11 GENERAL ................................10-11 FATIGUE ................................10-11 HYPOXIA ................................10-11 HYPERVENTILATION ............................10-11 ALCOHOL ................................10-12 DRUGS ................................
Page 205: Introduction
They are not limited to any particular make or model airplane and do not replace instructions for particular types of airplanes. Your Grumman American airplane is built to provide you with many years of safe and efficient transportation. By maintaining it properly and flying it prudently, you will realize its full potential.
Page 206: Don'ts
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 DON’TS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION • Don’t take off with frost, ice, or snow on the airplane surfaces. • Don’t takeoff with less than minimum recommended fuel, plus reserves. • Don’t fly in a reckless, show off, or careless manner.
Page 207: Airman Information, Advisories, And Notices - Faa Airman'sinformation Manual
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 AIRMAN INFORMATION, ADVISORIES, AND NOTICES – FAA AIRMAN’S MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION INFORMATION MANUAL This document contains a wealth of pilot information for nearly all realms of flight, including navigation, ground procedures, and medical information.
Page 208: Inspection - Maintenance
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION The prudent pilot will review his planned enroute track and stations and make a list for quick reference. It is strongly recommended that a flight plan be filed with Flight Service Station even though the flight may be VFR.
Page 209: Flight Operation
Aviation grade 100 fuels (100 LL) in which the lead content is limited to 2cc per gallon are approved for continuous use in all Avco Lycoming engines installed in Grumman American Aviation Corporation airplanes. Several procedures may be observed to limit spark plug lead fouling; however, the single most important item is proper fuel mixture leaning.
Page 210: Flight In Turbulent Air
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 TURBULENT WEATHER MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION A complete weather briefing prior to beginning a flight is an essential element of a safe trip. Updating of weather information enroute is another safety aid. However, the wise pilot also knows weather conditions change quickly at times and treats weather forecasting as professional advice rather than an absolute fact.
Page 211: Mountain Flying
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MOUNTAIN FLYING MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION Avoid flight at low altitudes over mountainous terrain, particularly near the lee slopes. If the wind velocity near the level of the ridge is in excess of 25 knots and approximately perpendicular to the ridge, mountain wave conditions are likely over and near the lee slopes.
Page 212: Stalls, Slow Flight, And V
Spins may be dangerous and should be avoided in this airplane. Since spins are preceded by stalls, a prompt and decisive stall recovery protects against inadvertent spins. STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR SPIN RECOVERY – GRUMMAN AMERICAN AIRPLANES In case of an inadvertent spin, recovery is effected by applying full rudder opposite to the spin rotation and neutralizing the aileron, then applying full down elevator.
Page 213: Medical Facts For Pilots
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MEDICAL FACTS FOR PILOTS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION GENERAL Modern industry’s record in providing reliable equipment is very good. When the pilot enters the airplane, he becomes an integral part of the man-machine system. He is just as essential to a successful flight as the control surfaces.
Page 214: Drugs
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 ALCOHOL MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION Common sense and scientific evidence dictate that you not fly as a crew member while under the influence of alcohol. Even small amounts of alcohol in the human system can adversely affect judgment and decision making abilities.
Page 215: Normal Procedures Checklists
GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECKLISTS MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 1. Cockpit Control Locks – REMOVED and STOW. Parking Brake – SET. Landing Gear Handle – DOWN. All Switches – OFF. Cowl Flaps – OPEN.
Page 216 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION Engine Cowling – CHECK. Engine Air Intakes – CHECK. Propeller & Spinner – CHECK. Engine Oil – CHECK QUANTITY. Cowl Flap – CHECK/Unobstructed. Fuel Sump Drain – CHECK.
Page 217 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS PREFLIGHT 1. Cockpit Master Switch – ON. Instrument Lights – Check Rheostat, OFF. Navigation Lights – ON. Strobe Lights – ON. Pitot Heat – ON.
Page 218 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION Alternate Static Source – OFF/LATCHED Parking Brake – SET Master and Alternator Switches – OFF Magneto Switches – OFF Primer – Spring Loaded to Center Flight Instruments – CHECKED Engine Instruments –...
Page 219 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION CAUTION IF THE LEFT ALTERNATOR IS OPERATING PROPERLY AND THE RIGHT ENGINE WILL NOT START USING THE AIRPLANE POWER, REMOVE THE BATTERY FROM THE AIRPLANE AND SERVICE OR REPLACE BEFORE FURTHER FLIGHT.
Page 220 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION BEFORE TAKEOFF Auxiliary Fuel Pumps – ON. Fuel Selectors – ON. Trim – SET. Cowl Flaps – OPEN & LOCKED. Carburetor Heat – OFF. Flaps – CHECKED/UP.
Page 221 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION ENROUTE CLIMB Normal Climb Airspeed – 95 KIAS at sea level to 86 KIAS at 10,000 ft Power – FULL THROTTLE & 2700 RPM Mixture – as required for flight altitude Cowl Flaps –...
Page 222 GRUMMAN AMERICAN FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 10 MODEL GA-7/COUGAR SAFETY INFORMATION BALKED LANDING Power – FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM Carburetor Heat – OFF Airspeed – 80 KIAS Flaps – UP Landing Gear – UP Cowl Flaps - OPEN NORMAL LANDING Touchdown –...

Grumman American GA-7 COUGAR 1987 Pilot Operating Handbook

Section 1 General

Section 2 Limitations

Section 3 Emergency Procedures

Introduction

Airspeed for Emergency Operation

Abbreviated Checklists

Section 4 Normal Procedures

Section 5 Performance

Section 7 Airplane & Systems Descriptions

Section 8 Handling, Service & Maintenance

Section 10 Safety Information

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Chapters

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Summary of Contents for Grumman American GA-7 COUGAR 1987

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