Agilent Technologies N5181A User Manual
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Agilent Technologies N5181A User Manual

Mxg analog/vector signal generators
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  • Page 1 Keysight Agilent HP N5181A Manual Get Pricing & Availability at ApexWaves.com Call Today: 1-800-915-6216 Email: sales@apexwaves.com https://www.apexwaves.com/signal-generators/keysight-technologies/mxg-rf-analog/N5181A...
  • Page 2 N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators This guide applies to the following signal generator models: N5181A MXG Analog Signal Generator N5182A MXG Vector Signal Generator Because of our continuing efforts to improve our products through firmware and hardware revisions, signal generator design and operation may vary from descriptions in this guide.
  • Page 3 Agilent products to which it pertains. Should Agilent have a written contract with the User and should any of the contract terms conflict with these terms, the contract terms shall control. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    7. TRIG OUT ........... . 10 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 5 Example: Using a Single Sweep ........32 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 6 Configuring the Front Panel Inputs ........65 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 7 Configuring Rectangular Clipping ........113 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 8 Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer ....... . . 144 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 9 Contacting Agilent Technologies ........
  • Page 10 Replaceable Parts • Post- Repair Procedures • Safety and Regulatory Information • Key function description Key Help • Related SCPI commands Press the Help hardkey, and then the key for which you wish help. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 11 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 12: Signal Generator Overview

    Signal Generator Overview • Signal Generator Features on page 2 • Front Panel Overview on page 3 • Front Panel Display on page 7 • Rear Panel Overview on page 9 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 13: Signal Generator Overview

    1xEV- DO, GSM, EDGE, and more For more details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation features and options, refer to the data sheet shipped with the signal generator and available from the Agilent Technologies website. 1. Open: http://www.agilent.com/find/mxg 2. Select the desired model number.

  • Page 14: Front Panel Overview

    “Entering and Editing Numbers and Text” on page 5. Arrows and Select The Select and arrow hardkeys enable you to select items on the signal generator’s display for editing. “Entering and Editing Numbers and Text” on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 15: Page Up

    Use this key to display a description of any hardkey or softkey. See “Viewing Key Descriptions” on page 11. Preset and User Preset These hardkeys set the signal generator to a known state (factory or user- defined). See “Presetting the Signal Generator” on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 16: Rf Output

    Signal An externally supplied analog, quadrature- phase component of I/Q modulation. The signal level is = 0.5 V for a calibrated output level. Damage Levels 1V See also, “I/Q Modulation” on page 121. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 17: Knob

    The signal generator remains connected to the line power, and some power is consumed by some internal circuits. In the on position, the green LED lights and the signal generator functions activate. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 18: Front Panel Display

    The attenuator hold function is on. When this function is on, the attenuator is held at its current setting. ATTNHOLD DETHTR The ALC detector heater is not up to temperature. To meet ALC specifications the heater must be at temperature. AWGN Real Time I/Q Baseband additive white Gaussian noise is on. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 19: Amplitude Area

    (entering information, and displaying or deleting files). 7. Softkey Label Area This area displays labels that define the function of the softkeys located immediately to the right of the display. Softkey labels change, depending on the function selected. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 20: Rear Panel Overview

    This is a multiple use connector. For signal routing selections, see pages and 57. 3. AM Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50Ω An externally supplied ±1V Signal signal that produces the indicated depth. Damage Levels 5V and 10V Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 21: Pulse

    23. With Option 1ER (flexible reference input), you must explicitly tell the signal generator the external reference frequency you wish to use; enter the information through the front panel or over the remote interface. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 22: Mhz Out

    100 meters on a single cable (100Base- T). For more information on the LAN, refer to the Programming Guide. 12. Device USB Connector Mini- B USB Protocol Version 2.0 Use this universal serial bus (USB) connector to connect a PC to remotely control the signal generator. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 23: Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models Only)

    Marker 1 level = +3.3V CMOS high (positive polarity selected); –3.3V CMOS low (negative polarity selected). Output on this connector occurs whenever Marker 1 is on in an Arb- based waveform (see “Using Waveform Markers” on page 82). Damage Levels >+8 and <−4V Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 24: Pat Trig In

    Damage Levels DIGITAL BUS I/O This is a proprietary bus used by Agilent Technologies signal creation software. This connector is not operational for general purpose use. Signals are present only when a signal creation software option is installed (for details, refer to http://www.agilent.com/find/signalcreation).
  • Page 25 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 26 20 User Preferences Front Panel Knob Resolution on page 17 Setting Time and Date on page 18 page 16 page 17 Enabling an Option on page 21 Upgrading Firmware on page 18 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 27: Setting Preferences & Enabling Options

    With both brightness and contrast set to minimum, the display may be too dark to see the softkeys. If this happens, use the figure above to locate the brightness and contrast softkeys and adjust their values so that you can see the display. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 28: Power On And Preset

    0.2 dB (1/50th of 10 dB). To change the amount for each turn of the knob, modify the increment value, the step/knob ratio, or both. For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 29: Setting Time And Date

    Agilent Technologies for assistance (see page 151). Upgrading Firmware For information on new firmware releases, go to http://www.agilent.com/find/upgradeassistant. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 30: Remote Operation Preferences

    For details on using the instrument remotely, see the Programming Guide. Configuring the GPIB Interface Utility > I/O Config > Select the desired GPIB language. For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 31: Configuring The Lan Interface

    Utility > I/O Config > Enable remote (browser) access to the instrument’s file system. Use a browser to control the signal generator. For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 32: Enabling An Option

    Waveform licenses from some Signal Studio applications appear here. Instrument options appear here. A check mark means that an option is enabled. For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 33 Setting Preferences & Enabling Options Enabling an Option Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 34: Basic Operation

    The Help hardkey enables you to display a description of any hardkey or softkey. To display help text: 1. Press Help. 2. Press the desired key. The help displays and the key’s normal function does not execute. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 35: Entering And Editing Numbers And Text

    To terminate the entry, press the Enter softkey. A subset of this menu appears for hexadecimal characters. The character menu displays only the letters A through F (use the numeric keypad for other values). Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 36: Example: Using A Table Editor

    (which then appears in the active function area). 6. Terminate the entry: • If available, press the desired units. • If units are not displayed, press either Enter (if available) or Select. The modified item is displayed in the table. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 37: Setting Frequency And Power (Amplitude)

    Amplitude remains the active function until you press another function key. 4. Turn on the RF Output: Press RF On/Off. The RF Output LED lights, and a 700 MHz, −20 dBm CW signal is available at the RF OUTPUT connector. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 38: Configuring A Swept Output

    Using timer trigger with single page 33 sweep results in a delay prior to the first sweep. page 33 For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 39: Step Sweep

    (indicating that both are sweeping), and the progress bar shows the sweep progress. 5. Turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off. The RF LED lights, and the continuous sweep is available at the RF Output connector. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 40: List Sweep

    Dwell Time = the time that the signal is settled and you can make a measurement before the sweep moves to the next point. Point-to-Point Time = the sum of the value set for the dwell plus processing time, switching time, and settling time. page 33 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 41 SWEEP annunciator appears, and the progress bar shows the progression of the sweep. 6. If not already on, turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off. The RF Output LED lights, and a continuous sweep is available at the RF OUTPUT connector. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 42 The signal generator displays the available waveforms, as shown in the following example. Either select a waveform, select no modulation. b. Highlight the desired waveform (in this example, SINE_TEST) and press either the Select hardkey or the Select Waveform softkey. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 43: Example: Using A Single Sweep

    As the signal generator sweeps, the SWEEP annunciator replaces WINIT on the display, and the progress bar shows the progression of the sweep. At the end of the single sweep, there is no progress bar, and the WINIT annunciator replaces SWEEP. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 44: Example: Manual Control Of Sweep

    Routing Signals Sweep > More > More > Route Connectors > Select the signal that you want routed to each output connector. For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 45: Modulating The Carrier Signal

    4. To make the modulated carrier available at the RF output connector, press the RF On/Off key until the LED lights. See also: “Using Analog Modulation (Option UNT Only)” on page 53 “Using Pulse Modulation (Option UNU)” on page 57 “I/Q Modulation” on page 121 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 46: Viewing, Saving, And Recalling Data

    If you open the External Media menu without external USB media connected, the signal generator displays the message External Media Not Detected. For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 47: Viewing A Stored File

    The file directories on the external media appear in alphabetical order, as shown in the following figure. Use the Page Up and Page Down keys to see the contents of the USER directory. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 48: Saving And Recalling Data

    Use this menu to enter the file name, For details on each key, use key help as described on page as described on page NOTE File names are limited to 25 characters. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 49: Working With Instrument State Files

    Press Add Comment to Seq[1] Reg[01], enter the comment and press Enter. The comment appears in the Saved States list when you press Recall. If the instrument state has an associated waveform, entering the waveform name makes it easy to identify which instrument state applies to which waveform. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 50 2. Recall the desired list file: a. Press Sweep > More > Configure List Sweep > More > Load/Store. b. Highlight the desired file and press Load From Selected File > Confirm Load From File. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 51 To change a comment on a saved instrument state: 1. Press Save 2. Highlight the desired register 3. Press Edit Comment In Seq[n] Reg [nn]. 4. Press Re-SAVE Seq[n] Reg[nn]. This overwrites previously saved instrument state settings with the new comment. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 52: Selecting Internal Or External Media

    Select hardkey and the Up Directory softkey. Deletions, backups, and restores require confirmation. The signal generator does not format external media, create directories, or change file permissions. Use a computer to perform these operations. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 53: Reading Error Messages

    The annunciator indicates an unviewed message. new indicates a message generated since messages were last viewed. Message number and longer description Error messages appear in the lower-left corner of the display as they occur. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 54: Optimizing Performance

    • Using User Flatness Correction on page 44 • Using Unleveled Operating Modes on page 47 • Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier on page 49 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 55: Using User Flatness Correction

    Confirm Basic Procedure 1. Create a user flatness array: Enter the user flatness correction values. 2. Optionally, save the user flatness correction data. 3. Apply user flatness correction to the RF Output. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 56: Example: A 500 Mhz To 1 Ghz Flatness Correction Array With 10 Correction Values

    Repeat steps b through g for this and the remaining rows. The user flatness correction array title displays User Flatness:, without a name, indicating that the current user flatness correction array data has not been saved to the file catalog. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 57: Recalling And Applying A User Flatness Correction Array

    Press Load From Selected File > Confirm Load From File. The user flatness correction array title displays User Flatness: Name of File. 3. Apply the correction data in the array to the RF output: Press Return > Flatness Off On. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 58: Using Unleveled Operating Modes

    5. Turn the RF output on. 6. Deactivate the signal generator’s automatic leveling control: Press AMPTD > ALC Off On to highlight Off. 7. Adjust the signal generator’s amplitude until the power meter measures the desired level. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 59: Power Search Mode

    When set to Auto, power search automatically executes when a significant instrument setting changes. The Do Power Search feature enables you to execute a power search to compensate for other changes, such as temperature drift or a change in the external input. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 60: Using An Output Offset, Reference, Or Multiplier

    IF Output IF = 321 MHz 321 MHz Output Frequency = 1000 MHz Selected Offset SIgnal Generator Display 321 MHz 1321 MHz (Antenna Frequency) −679 MHz Signal Generator 321 MHz (IF Output) (local oscillator) Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 61: Setting An Output Reference

    The signal generator alerts you if the output frequency or Output Frequency: 52 MHz 48 MHz 1 GHz amplitude is out of range. To set a new frequency or amplitude reference, turn the frequency reference off, and then follow the steps above. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 62: Setting A Frequency Multiplier

    Signal Generator Doubler Entered/Displayed Signal Generator Selected Input = 2 GHz Output = 4 GHz Output Multiplier Frequency 4 GHz 2 GHz Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 63 = 800 − 600 MHz Signal Generator Selected Selected Entered/Displayed Offset Frequency Output (f Multiplier −1 3000 MHz 800 MHz 2200 MHz Signal Generator −1 3000 MHz (local oscillator) 2400 MHz 600 MHz Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 64: Using Analog Modulation (Option Unt Only)

    55 • Removing a DC Offset on page 55 Figure 5-1 Analog Modulation Softkeys page 55 page 55 page 55 For details on each key, use key help as described on see page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 65: The Basic Procedure

    The RF output LED lights, indicating that the signal is transmitting from the RF output connector. If the modulation does not seem to be working properly, refer to “No Modulation at the RF Output” on page 143. See also “Modulating the Carrier Signal” on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 66: Using An External Modulation Source

    Performing the calibration with a DC signal applied removes any deviation caused by the DC signal, and the applied DC level becomes the new zero reference point. When you disconnect the DC signal, perform the calibration again to reset the carrier to the correct zero reference. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 67 Using Analog Modulation (Option UNT Only) Using an External Modulation Source Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 68 Chapter 3, “Basic Operation,” on page 23 and familiarize yourself with the information in that chapter. • Pulse Characteristics on page 59 • The Basic Procedure on page 61 • Example on page 61 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 69: Using Pulse Modulation (Option Unu)

    Normal = high state. Invert = low state. TTL signal For details on each key, use key help as described on page Select the signal that you want routed to each output connector. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 70: Pulse Characteristics

    A signal at the rear panel pulse connector must be held high for at least 20 ns to trigger an internally generated pulse. Rear panel inputs are described on page 9 External pulse input Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 71 Figure 6-3 Trigger Doublet External Trigger RF Output Delay Width The delay of the second pulse is measured from The first pulse follows the the leading edge of the external trigger signal. external trigger signal. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 72: The Basic Procedure

    6. Turn on both the pulse modulation and the RF output. The PULSE annunciator displays and the RF output LED lights. If the modulation does not seem to be working properly, refer to “No Modulation at the RF Output” on page 143. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 73 Using Pulse Modulation (Option UNU) Example Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 74: Basic Digital Operation-No Bbg Option Installed

    If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation,” on page 23 and familiarize yourself with the information in that chapter. See Also: “Adding Real- Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform” on page 130 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 75: I/Q Modulation

    The following table shows common uses for the adjustments. Table 7-1 I/Q Adjustments Uses I/Q Adjustment Effect Impairment Offset Carrier Feedthrough dc offset EVM error phase skew Quadrature Angle I/Q Images I/Q path delay Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 76: Configuring The Front Panel Inputs

    2. Turn on the I/Q modulator: Press I/Q Off On to On. 3. Configure the RF output: a. Set the carrier frequency. b. Set the carrier amplitude. c. Turn the RF output on. 4. Make adjustments to the I/Q signals (page 64) as needed. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 77 Basic Digital Operation—No BBG Option Installed I/Q Modulation Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 78 Clipping a Waveform on page 105 • Scaling a Waveform on page 114 • I/Q Modulation on page 121 See Also: “Adding Real- Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform” on page 130 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 79: Basic Digital Operation (Option 651/652/654)

    The dual ARB waveform player also provides markers (page 82), triggering (page 98), clipping (page 105), and scaling (page 114) capabilities. Most procedures in this section start from the Dual ARB menu, shown below. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 80 82 page 74 Note: This is second of three Arb menus. page 78 For details on each key, use key help Note: This is third of as described on page three Arb menus. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 81: Storing, Loading, And Playing A Waveform Segment

    Press More > Rename Segment > Clear Text. b. Enter a name for the waveform segment. c. Press Enter > More. d. Highlight the waveform segment that was renamed. 6. Press Store Segment to currently selected Media. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 82: Loading A Waveform Segment Into Bbg Media (Volatile Memory)

    4. Configure the RF Output: a. Set the RF carrier frequency. b. Set the RF output amplitude. c. Turn on the RF output. The waveform segment is now available at the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 83: Setting The Baseband Frequency Offset

    35) to store this value as part of the signal generator setup. When you Recall a setup stored with the Save function, the baseband frequency offset value becomes the current instrument setting value, disregarding the stored file header value. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 84 The modulated RF signal is now offset from the carrier frequency by 20 MHz as shown in the following figures. Modulated carrier with 0 Hz Modulated carrier with 20 MHz Modulated RF signal baseband frequency offset baseband frequency offset LO/carrier feedthrough Spectrum analyzer set to a span of 100 MHz Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 85: Waveform Sequences

    If this happens and the segments are not stored in internal/external media, you must recreate the segments using the same file names that the sequence points to before you can play the sequence. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 86: Creating A Sequence

    Press More > Name and Store. b. Enter a file name and press Enter. See also, “Viewing the Contents of a Sequence” on page 76 “Setting Marker Points in a Waveform Segment” on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 87: Viewing The Contents Of A Sequence

    3. Change the repetition for the selected entry to 200: Press Edit Repetitions > 200 > Enter. 4. Save the changes made in the previous steps: Press More > Name and Store > Enter. To save the changes as a new sequence: Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 88: Playing A Sequence

    3. Configure the RF output: a. Set the RF carrier frequency. b. Set the RF output amplitude. c. Turn on the RF output. The waveform sequence is now available at the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 89: Saving A Waveform's Settings & Parameters

    ARB summary display, shown in the following example. All settings in this menu can be stored to the file header. Softkey label, file header setting Softkey labels, file header settings ARB summary, file header settings Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 90: Viewing And Modifying Header Information

    Press Save Setup To Header. Both the Saved Header Settings column and the Current Inst. Settings column now display the same values; the Saved Header Settings column lists the settings saved in the file header. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 91 Current Inst. Settings column and are used instead of the saved header settings. To reapply the saved header settings, reselect the waveform for playback. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 92: Viewing & Editing A Header Without Selecting The Waveform

    The signal generator displays the file header for the selected waveform file. 4. To edit the header, press More, and proceed as described in Step 4 on page 80 (Viewing and Modifying Header Information section). Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 93: Using Waveform Markers

    • “Viewing Waveform Segment Markers” on page 88 • “Viewing a Marker Pulse” on page 92 • “Using the RF Blanking Marker Function” on page 93 • “Setting Marker Polarity” on page 94 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 94: Waveform Marker Concepts

    RF Blanking, ensure that you set RF Blanking to None. Failure to do so can result in a no RF output condition or a distorted Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 95 RF output, potentially damaging a DUT or connected instrument. To prevent this condition, ensure that you set markers to let the ALC sample over an amplitude that accounts for the higher power levels encountered within the signal. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 96 ALC modulator circuitry for Marker Marker that level; this usually results in an unleveled condition for the signal generator when it encounters the high amplitude of the pulse. Pulse Unleveled Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 97 Sampling both on and off time sets the modulator circuitry incorrectly for higher signal levels. Note the increased amplitude at the beginning of the pulse. Marker Marker Marker On Negative range set between signal and off time Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 98: Accessing Marker Utilities

    These softkeys change the range of waveform sample points shown on the marker display. Each press of the softkey changes the sample range by approximately a factor Marker points of two. on first sample point Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 99: Viewing Waveform Segment Markers

    3. Set the last marker point in the range that you want off to a value less than or equal to the number of points in the waveform, and greater than or equal to the value set in Step 2 (for this example, 17): Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 100: Setting Marker Points In A Waveform Segment

    6. Press Apply To Waveform > Return. This sets a range of waveform marker points. The marker signal starts on sample point 10, and ends on sample point 20, as shown in the following figure. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 101 Basic Digital Operation (Option 651/652/654) Using Waveform Markers How to view markers is described on page 88 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 102 How to view markers is described on page One application of the skipped point feature is the creation of a clock signal as the EVENT output. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 103: Viewing A Marker Pulse

    5. Connect the signal generator’s rear- panel EVENT 1 output to the oscilloscope’s channel 2 input. When marker 1 is present, the Agilent MXG outputs a signal through EVENT 1 as shown in the following example. RF Output Marker pulse on the Event 1 signal. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 104: Using The Rf Blanking Marker Function

    Marker Point 1 Segment Marker Polarity = Negative When marker polarity is negative, the RF Signal RF Signal RF output is blanked during the on marker points ≈ 3.3V Marker Point 1 Segment Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 105: Setting Marker Polarity

    Positive Polarity: On marker points are high (≈3.3V). Negative Polarity: On marker points are low (0V). RF blanking always occurs on the low part of the signal regardless of the polarity setting. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 106: Controlling Markers In A Waveform Sequence

    Note: This is the More > More > third Arb menu. Enable/Disable markers while creating a waveform sequence Edit a sequence to enable/disable markers For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 107 In this example, the marker 1 auxiliary signal appears only for the first segment, because it is disabled for the remaining segments. The marker 2 auxiliary signal appears only for the second segment, and the marker 3 and 4 auxiliary signals appear only for the third segment. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 108: Using The Event Output Signal As An Instrument Trigger

    The jitter is gone with due to a non-optimal sample rate triggered using EVENT signal with jitter. an optimal sample rate Oscilloscope triggering on EVENT signal Oscilloscope triggering on EVENT signal Oscilloscope triggering on waveform Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 109: Triggering A Waveform

    • Type determines the behavior of the waveform when it plays (see Trigger Type on page 99). • Source determines how the signal generator receives the trigger that starts the modulating waveform playing (see Trigger Source on page 100). Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 110: Trigger Type

    • Gated mode triggers the waveform at the first active triggering state, then repeatedly starts and stops playing the waveform in response to an externally applied gating signal. See Example: Gated Triggering on page 102. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 111: Trigger Source

    • In Continuous, Single, and Segment Advance modes, use the Ext Polarity softkey to set the external trigger polarity. • In Gated mode, the Active Low and Active High softkeys (page 99) determine the external trigger polarity. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 112: Example: Segment Advance Triggering

    Pressing the Trigger hardkey causes the currently playing segment to finish and the next segment to start. If the last segment in the sequence is playing, pressing the Trigger hardkey causes the first segment in the waveform sequence to start when the last segment finishes. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 113: Example: Gated Triggering

    Press Trigger Source > Ext. • Input connector: Rear panel Patt Trig In BNC Press Ext Source > Patt Trig In 1. 6. Generate the waveform: Press Return > ARB Off On until On highlights. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 114 Configure the oscilloscope to display both the output of the signal generator, and the external triggering signal. You will see the waveform modulating the output during the gate active periods (low in this example). The following figure shows an example display. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 115: Example: External Triggering

    Press More > Ext Delay until On highlights Press Ext Delay Time > 100 > msec 6. Configure the Function Generator: • Waveform: 0.1 Hz square wave • Output Level: 3.5V to 5V. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 116: Clipping A Waveform

    Figure 8-9 Clipping Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > More > More > Available only when clipping type = |I| , |Q| For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 117: How Power Peaks Develop

    (positive or negative) occurs in the summed waveform. Because the high and low states of the bits in channel waveforms are random and generally result in a cancelling effect, high power peaks occur infrequently with multiple channel summing. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 118 , where the squaring of I and Q always results in a positive value. As shown in the following figure, simultaneous positive and negative peaks in the I and Q waveforms do not cancel each other, but combine to create an even greater peak. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 119: How Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth

    (similar to sidebands) and extends into the adjacent frequency bands (see the following figure). Clipping provides a solution to this problem by reducing the peak- to- average power ratio. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 120: How Clipping Reduces Peak-To-Average Power

    If you apply excessive clipping, however, lost data cannot be recovered. Experiment with clipping settings to find a percentage that reduces spectral regrowth while retaining needed data. Figure 8-10 Circular Clipping Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 121 Basic Digital Operation (Option 651/652/654) Clipping a Waveform Figure 8-11 Rectangular Clipping Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 122 Basic Digital Operation (Option 651/652/654) Clipping a Waveform Figure 8-12 Reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 123: Configuring Circular Clipping

    8. Create the CCDF plot (see the Example waveform curve after circular clipping example at right): Press Plot CCDF. 9. Observe the waveform’s curve after clipping. Note the reduction in peak- to- average power relative to the previous plot. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 124: Configuring Rectangular Clipping

    9. Create the CCDF plot (see the Example waveform curve after circular clipping example at right): Press Plot CCDF. 10. Observe the waveform’s curve after clipping. Note the reduction in peak- to- average power relative to the previous plot. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 125: Scaling A Waveform

    118 page 119: — Waveform runtime scaling to scale a currently- playing waveform — Waveform scaling to permanently scale either the currently playing waveform, or a non- playing waveform file in BBG media Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 126 The settings in this menu can be stored to the file header, see page Waveform Runtime Scaling, see page 118 Waveform Scaling, see page 119 For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 127: How Dac Over-Range Errors Occur

    (see the figure at the right). As a result, the signal generator reports a DAC over- range error. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 128: How Scaling Eliminates Dac Over-Range Errors

    To achieve maximum accuracy and optimize dynamic range, scale the waveform no more than is required to remove the DAC over- range error. Optimum scaling varies with waveform content. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 129: Setting Waveform Runtime Scaling

    The signal generator automatically applies the new scaling value to the waveform. There is no single value that is optimal for all waveforms. To achieve the maximum dynamic range, use the largest scaling value that does not result in a DAC over- range error. c. Press Return. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 130: Setting Waveform Scaling

    RAMP_TEST_WFM, it is the same for any waveform file. Copy a Waveform File 1. Display the waveform files in BBG media: Press File > Catalog Type > More > Volatile Segments. 2. Highlight the waveform RAMP_TEST_WFM. 3. Press Copy File. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 131 2. In the list of BBG Media segment files, highlight the copied file (in this example, MY_TEST_SCAL). 3. Set and apply a scaling value (in this example 70% scaling is applied): Press Scale Waveform Data > Scaling > 70 > % > Apply to Waveform. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 132: I/Q Modulation

    The signal generator applies the selected For details on each key, use key help optimization values to both paths, which impairs as described on page the unselected path. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 133: Using The Rear Panel I And Q Outputs

    You can use the rear panel I and Q signals as I and Q inputs to another signal generator. The MXG has front panel connectors, I Input and Q Input, for this purpose. 2. Press I/Q > I/Q Correction Optimized Path > Ext I/Q Output. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 134 Basic Digital Operation (Option 651/652/654) I/Q Modulation When you optimize a path, the path indicator turns green. Factory default setting—RF Output path optimized Rear-panel I/Q path optimized Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 135: Configuring The Front Panel Inputs

    3. If you are using only the external I and Q signals (no summing), turn on the I/Q modulator: Press I/Q Off On to On. 4. Configure the RF output: a. Set the carrier frequency. b. Set the carrier amplitude. c. Turn the RF output on. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 136: I/Q Adjustments

    I-bar cannot be adjusted independently. modulated onto the RF and the external output signals (I and Q). This setting cannot be used with constant envelope modulation and it does not affect external I and Q inputs. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 137 I/Q amplitude difference I/Q gain ratio The I/Q adjustment, I/Q Delay, is not for adding impairments; its function is to compensate for any latency between the EVENT output signals (marker signals) and the RF output. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 138: I/Q Calibration

    Full takes 5 minutes, executing measurements over the calibration data. instrument’s entire frequency range. Information is retained through a preset or power cycle. For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 139 Basic Digital Operation (Option 651/652/654) I/Q Calibration Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 140: Adding Real Time Noise To A Signal (Option 403)

    Option 403. • “Adding Real- Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform” on page 130 • “Using Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN” on page 132 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 141: Adding Real- Time Noise To A Dual Arb Waveform

    The amount of noise power relative to the carrier power. For the selected carrier to noise ratio, the bandwidth over which the noise is integrated. The actual noise bandwidth, which is typically slightly wider than the carrier bandwidth. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 142 • Carrier to Noise Ratio: 30 dB • Carrier Bandwidth: 40 MHz • Noise Bandwidth: 45 MHz • Real- time Noise: on The signal generator’s displayed power level (–10 dBm) includes the noise power. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 143: Using Real Time I/Q Baseband Awgn

    RF carrier. 3. Configure the RF output: • Frequency: 500 MHz • Amplitude: −10 dBm • RF output: on The carrier with AWGN is now available at the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 144 Working in a Secure Environment • Understanding Memory Types on page 134 • Removing Data from Memory (Option 006 Only) on page 136 • Using the Secure Display (Option 006 Only) on page 139 Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 145: Understanding Memory Types

    Calibration factory factory or service only RF Board Data calibration/configuration (Flash) data backup 256 kB no user data display buffer operating system RF board Display Memory (RAM) 160 kB Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 146 ≤ 320 MB Persistent all user data User data is completely sanitized when you perform the Erase and Sanitize function. Memory (Flash) 512 MB Calibration no user data Data Memory (Flash) 128 kB Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 147: Working In A Secure Environment

    Press File > More > Security > Erase All > Confirm Erase To Start: NOTE This is not File > Delete All Files, which deletes all user files but does not reset table editors. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 148: Erase And Overwrite All

    — Overwrite = Erase and Overwrite All — Sanitize = Erase and Sanitize All Press File > More > Security > Enter Secure Mode > Confirm To Activate: The softkey changes to Secure Mode Activated. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 149: Securing A Nonfunctioning Instrument

    If the instrument is still under warranty, you will not be charged for new boards. For instructions on how to remove and replace boards, refer to the Service Guide. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 150: Using The Secure Display (Option 006 Only)

    To re- enable the display and front panel keys, cycle the power. Figure 10-1 Secure Display Softkeys For details on each key, use key help as described on page Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 151 Working in a Secure Environment Using the Secure Display (Option 006 Only) Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 152: Troubleshooting

    148 • Front Panel Tests on page 149 • Self Test on page 149 • Licenses on page 150 • Contacting Agilent Technologies on page 151 — Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 153: Display

    Programming Guide. • If a progress bar appears on the signal generator display, an operation is in progress. • Preset the signal generator. • Cycle power on the signal generator. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 154: Rf Output

    If you edit and resave a segment in a waveform sequence, the sequence does not automatically update the RMS value stored in it’s header. This can cause distortion on the output signal. Display the sequence header information and recalculate the RMS value (see page 78). Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 155: Signal Loss While Working With A Spectrum Analyzer

    ALC to reduce the RF output. In this example, the reverse power across the detector is actually greater than the ALC level, which can result in loss of signal at the RF output. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 156 +2 dBm desired signal versus the −15 dBm undesired LO feedthrough. This 17 dB difference between desired and undesired energy results in a maximum 0.1 dB shift in the signal generator’s RF output level. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 157: Sweep

    Amplitude Does Not Change in List or Step Sweep Verify that sweep type is set to amplitude (Amptd); the amplitude does not change when the sweep type is set to frequency (Freq) or waveform. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 158: Internal Media Data Storage

    This behavior results from the use of a backward- compatible SCPI command. To return the signal generator to normal use, send the command :SYST:PRESet:TYPE NORM. For information on SG−1364/U SCPI commands, refer to the SCPI Command Reference. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 159: Error Messages

    The error messages are listed numerically. In cases where there are multiple listings for the same error number, the messages are in alphabetical order. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 160: Front Panel Tests

    Refer to “Contacting Agilent Technologies” on page 151. Displays the details of the currently selected test. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 161: Licenses

    The instrument’s time or date may have been reset backward more than approximately 25 hours, causing the instrument to ignore time- based licenses. page 18 for details and cautions on setting time and date. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

  • Page 162: Contacting Agilent Technologies

    Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Use the following steps to return a signal generator to Agilent Technologies for servicing: 1. Gather as much information as possible regarding the signal generator’s problem.
  • Page 163 Troubleshooting Contacting Agilent Technologies Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 164 EVM Error vector magnitude; the magnitude of page 28), the sum of the dwell time plus the vector difference at a given instant between processing time, switching time, and settling the ideal reference signal and the measured time. signal. Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 165 For example, for the entry 100 Hz, Hz is the terminator. Type- N Connector Threaded RF connector used to join coaxial cables. USB Universal serial bus. See also, http://www.usb.org Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 166 Baseband Frequency Offset softkey, hardkey, BB GEN, softkeys, BBG, amplitude BBG media, 68, 71, display area, Binary softkey, hardkey, Bk Sp hardkey, modulation, BNC, offset, bootrom memory, reference, Bright Color softkey, setting, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 167 All Waveforms softkey, Connection Monitoring softkey, File, connectors File or Directory, 36, external triggering source, 102, Item, 25, front panel, Row, Selected Waveform, 74, rear panel, routing signals, Seq Reg, Continuous softkey, Waveform Sequence, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 168 File hardkey, 35, Editing Keys softkey, file headers Editing Mode softkey, creating, editor, table, editing, EEPROM, example, Enable/Disable Markers softkey, 74, viewing a different file, entry, active, files. See data ERR annunciator, filter, interpolator, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 169 Instrument softkeys Go To Default Path softkey, 36, Adjustments, Goto Row softkey, 25, 29, Info, GPIB Options, connector, instrument state definition, associating with waveform, setup, files, 38, GPIB Address softkey, register. See data storage Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 170 Mod On/Off hardkey, 5, time- based, Mode hardkey, 69, 130, troubleshooting, modulation viewing, waveform, annunciators, line power (green) LED, carrier signal, linear sweep, external source, using, list mode values, List softkey, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 171 PATT TRIG IN connector, Patt Trig In softkeys, peak- to- average power, reducing, Q connector, performance, optimizing, Q Offset softkey, persistent memory, quadrature adjustment, persistent settings quadrature angle, definition, Quadrature Angle Adjustment softkey, 64, resetting, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 172 Sequence softkey, 35, ripple, sequences RMS, editing, rotary knob, file headers, Route Connectors softkey, 27, marker control, Route To softkeys, 33, playing, routing waveform, I/Q, 64, serial data marker synchronizing, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 173 Store To File softkey, Out Polarity, Subnet Mask softkey, Source, Sum softkey, Triggered, sweep Type, annunciator, Triggered softkey, hardkey, triggering linear, gated, 99, list parameters, segment advance, list status information, softkeys, logarithmic, waveforms, manual control, troubleshooting, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 174 VXI- 11, enabling, VXT- 11 SCPI softkey, Waveform softkeys Licenses, Runtime Scaling, Segments, Sequences, 74, Utilities, Waveform, 27, waveforms clipping, file headers, from digital baseband waveform, in a sweep, license, markers, 82, memory, overview, Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
  • Page 175 Index Agilent N5181A/82A MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...

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