Page 1 THE MOST COMPLETE STARTER KIT TUTORIAL FOR MEGA2560 V1.0.17.7.9...
Page 2 Preface Our Company Established in 2011, Elegoo Inc. is a thriving technology company dedicated to open- source hardware research & development, production and marketing. Located in Shenzhen, the Silicon Valley of China, we have grown to over 150+ employees with a 10,763+ square ft.
Page 3 EUservice@elegoo.com. We look forward to hearing from you and any of your critical comment or suggestion would be much valuable to us. And any of problems and questions you have with our products will be promptly...
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Page 10: Table Of Contents
Content Lesson 0 Installing IDE ......................12 Lesson 1 Add Libraries and Open Serial Monitor ..............23 Lesson 2 Blink ........................... 32 Lesson 3 LED ..........................43 Lesson 4 RGB LED ........................50 Lesson 5 Digital Inputs ......................59 Lesson 6 Active buzzer ......................64 Lesson 7 Passive Buzzer ......................
Page 11: Table Of Contents
Lesson 28 Four Digital Seven Segment Display ..............186 Lesson 29 DC Motors ......................191 Lesson 30 Relay ........................201 Lesson 31 Stepper Motor ...................... 206 Lesson 32 Controlling Stepper Motor With Remote ............214 Lesson 33 Controlling Stepper Motor With Rotary Encoder ..........218 11 / 223...
Page 12: Lesson 0 Installing Ide
Lesson 0 Installing IDE Introduction The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the software side of the Arduino platform. In this lesson, you will learn how to setup your computer to use Arduino and how to set about the lessons that follow. The Arduino software that you will use to program your Arduino is available for Windows, Mac and Linux.
Page 13 STEP2：Download the development software that is compatible with the operating system of your computer. Take Windows as an example here. Click Windows Installer. Click JUST DOWNLOAD. 13 / 223...
Page 14 Also version 1.8.0 is available in the material we provided, and the versions of our materials are the latest versions when this course was made. Installing Arduino (Windows) Install Arduino with the exe. Installation package. Click I Agree to see the following interface 14 / 223...
Page 15 Click Next You can press Browse… to choose an installation path or directly type in the directory you want. 15 / 223...
Page 16 Click Install to initiate installation Finally, the following interface appears, click Install to finish the installation. Next, the following icon appears on the desktop 16 / 223...
Page 17 Double-click to enter the desired development environment You may directly choose the installation package for installation and skip the contents below and jump to the next section. But if you want to learn some methods other than the installation package, please continue to read the section. Unzip the zip file downloaded, Double-click to open the program and enter the desired development environment 17 / 223...
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Page 19 However, this installation method needs separate installation of driver. The Arduino folder contains both the Arduino program itself and the drivers that allow the Arduino to be connected to your computer by a USB cable. Before we launch the Arduino software, you are going to install the USB drivers. Plug one end of your USB cable into the Arduino and the other into a USB socket on your computer.
Page 20 Right-click on the device and select the top menu option (Update Driver Software...). You will then be prompted to either ‘Search Automatically for updated driver software’ or ‘Browse my computer for driver software’. Select the option to browse and navigate to the X\arduino1.8.0\drivers. 20 / 223...
Page 21 Click 'Next' and you may get a security warning, if so, allow the software to be installed. Once the software has been installed, you will get a confirmation message. Windows users may skip the installation directions for Mac and Linux systems and jump to Lesson 1.
Page 22 Installing Arduino (Linux) You will have to use the make install command. If you are using the Ubuntu system, it is recommended to install Arduino IDE from the software center of Ubuntu. TIPS: If you have problems in installing the drivers, please refer to the UNO R3, MEGA, NANO DRIVER FAQ.
Page 23: Lesson 1 Add Libraries And Open Serial Monitor
Lesson 1 Add Libraries and Open Serial Monitor Installing Additional Arduino Libraries Once you are comfortable with the Arduino software and using the built-in functions, you may want to extend the ability of your Arduino with additional libraries. What are Libraries? Libraries are a collection of code that makes it easy for you to connect to a sensor, display, module, etc.
Page 24 Then the library manager will open and you will find a list of libraries that are already installed or ready for installation. In this example we will install the Bridge library. Scroll the list to find it, then select the version of the library you want to install. Sometimes only one version of the library is available.
Page 25 Finally click on install and wait for the IDE to install the new library. Downloading may take time depending on your connection speed. Once it has finished, an Installed tag should appear next to the Bridge library. You can close the library manager.
Page 26 You will be prompted to select the library you would like to add. Navigate to the .zip file's location and open it. 26 / 22...
Page 27 Return to the Sketch > Import Library menu. You should now see the library at the bottom of the drop-down menu. It is ready to be used in your sketch. The zip file will have been expanded in the libraries folder in your Arduino sketches directory. NB: the Library will be available to use in sketches, but examples for the library will not be exposed in the File >...
Page 28 "ArduinoParty", uncompress ArduinoParty.zip. It should contain a folder calledArduinoParty, with files like ArduinoParty.cpp and ArduinoParty.h inside. (If the .cpp and .h files aren't in a folder, you'll need to create one. In this case, you'd make a folder called "ArduinoParty" and move into it all the files that were in the ZIP file, like ArduinoParty.cpp and ArduinoParty.h.) Drag the ArduinoParty folder into this folder (your libraries folder).
Page 29 Arduinos and other microcontrollers, they decided to include a serial terminal with the software. Within the Arduino environment, this is called the Serial Monitor. Making a Connection Serial monitor comes with any and all version of the Arduino IDE. To open it, simply click the Serial Monitor icon.
Page 30 Once open, you should see something like this: 30 / 223...
Page 31 Settings The Serial Monitor has limited settings, but enough to handle most of your serial communication needs. The first setting you can alter is the baud rate. Click on the baud rate drop-down menu to select the correct baud rate. (9600 baud) Last, you can set the terminal to Autoscroll or not by checking the box in the bottom left corner.
Page 32: Lesson 2 Blink
It also has a single LED that you can control from your sketches. This LED is built onto the MEGA2560 R3 board and is often referred to as the 'L' LED as this is how it is labeled on the board.
Page 33 In Lesson 0, you set up your Arduino IDE and made sure that you could find the right serial port for it to connect to your MEGA2560 R3 board. The time has now come to put that connection to the test and program your MEGA2560 R3 board.
Page 34 The example sketches included with the Arduino IDE are 'read-only'. That is, you can upload them to an MEGA2560 R3 board, but if you change them, you cannot save them as the same file. Since we are going to change this sketch, the first thing you need to do is save your own copy.
Page 35 35 / 223...
Page 36 You have saved your copy of 'Blink' in your sketchbook. This means that if you ever want to find it again, you can just open it using the File > Sketchbook menu option. 36 / 223...
Page 37 Attach your Arduino board to your computer with the USB cable and check that the 'Board Type' and 'Serial Port' are set correctly. 37 / 223...
Page 38 38 / 223...
Page 39 Note: The Board Type and Serial Port here are not necessarily the same as shown in picture. If you are using 2560, then you will have to choose Mega 2560 as the Board Type, other choices can be made in the same manner. And the Serial Port displayed for everyone is different, despite COM 26 chosen here, it could be COM3 or COM4 on your computer.
Page 40 Finally, the staus will change to 'Done'. The other message tells us that the sketch is using 928 bytes of the 32,256 bytes available.After the 'Compiling Sketch..' stage you could get the following error message: It can mean that your board is not connected at all, or the drivers have not been installed (if necessary) or that the wrong serial port is selected.
Page 41 As the comment above it explains, this is giving a name to the pin that the LED is attached to. This is 13 on most Arduinos, including the MEGA2560 and Leonardo. Next, we have the 'setup' function. Again, as the comment says, this is executed when the reset button is pressed.
Page 42 This delay period is in milliseconds, so if you want the LED to blink twice as fast, change the value from 1000 to 500. This would then pause for half a second each delay rather than a whole second. Upload the sketch again and you should see the LED start to blink more quickly. 42 / 223...
Page 43: Lesson 3 Led
In this lesson, you will learn how to change the brightness of an LED by using different values of resistor. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 5mm red LED (1) x 220 ohm resistor (1) x 1k ohm resistor...
Page 44 Breadboards come in various sizes and configurations. The simplest kind is just a grid of holes in a plastic block. Inside are strips of metal that provide electrical connection between holes in the shorter rows. Pushing the legs of two different components into the same row joins them together electrically.
Page 45 If you do not use a resistor with an LED, then it may well be destroyed almost immediately, as too much current will flow through, heating it and destroying the 'junction' where the light is produced. There are two ways to tell which is the positive lead of the LED and which the negative.
Page 46 Unlike LEDs, resistors do not have a positive and negative lead. They can be connected either way around. If you find this approach method too complicated, you can read the color ring flag on our resistors directly to determine its resistance value. Or you may use a digital multimeter instead.
Page 47 Connection Schematic 47 / 223...
Page 48 Wiring diagram 48 / 223...
Page 49 The MEGA2560 is a convenient source of 5 volts, which we will use to provide power to the LED and the resistor. You do not need to do anything with your MEGA2560, except to plug it into a USB cable.
Page 50: Lesson 4 Rgb Led
Blue and finally back to the Red color. By doing this we will cycle through most of the color that can be achieved. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 Tie Points Breadboard (4) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)
Page 51 (or variable resistors) as we did with in Lesson 2, but that's a lot of work! Fortunately for us, MEGA2560 R3 board has an analogWrite function that you can use with pins marked with a ~ to output a variable amount of power to the appropriate LEDs.
Page 52 Each LED inside the package requires its own 220Ω resistor to prevent too much current flowing through it. The three positive leads of the LEDs (one red, one green and one blue) are connected to MEGA2560 output pins using these resistors. 52 / 223...
Page 53 COLOR: The reason that you can mix any color you like by varying the quantities of red, green and blue light is that your eye has three types of light receptor in it (red, green and blue). Your eye and brain process the amounts of red, green and blue and convert it into a color of the spectrum.
Page 54 We also use it here to control the brightness of each of the LEDs. The diagram below shows the signal from one of the PWM pins on the MEGA2560. Roughly every 1/500 of a second, the PWM output will produce a pulse. The length of this pulse is controlled by the 'analogWrite' function.
Page 55 Connection Schematic 55 / 223...
Page 56 Wiring diagram 56 / 223...
Page 57 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 4 RGB LED, and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. Our code will use FOR loops to cycle through the colors. The first FOR loop will go from RED to GREEN.
Page 58 blueValue = 0; This function takes three arguments, one for the brightness of the red, green and blue LEDs. In each case the number will be in the range 0 to 255, where 0 means off and 255 means maximum brightness. The function then calls 'analogWrite' to set the brightness of each LED.
Page 59: Lesson 5 Digital Inputs
Pressing the button will turn the LED on; pressing the other button will turn the LED off. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 Tie-points Breadboard (1) x 5mm red LED (1) x 220 ohm resistor...
Page 60 Connection Schematic 60 / 223...
Page 61 Wiring diagram 61 /...
Page 62 UPLOAD to upload the program. If errors are prompted, see Lesson 2 for details about the tutorial on program upload. Load the sketch onto your MEGA2560 board. Pressing the left button will turn the LED on while pressing the right button will turn it off.
Page 63 digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); In the 'loop' function there are two 'if' statements. One for each button. Each does an 'digitalRead' on the appropriate input. Remember that if the button is pressed, the corresponding input will be LOW, if button A is low, then a 'digitalWrite' on the ledPin turns it on. Similarly, if button B is pressed, a LOW is written to the ledPin.
Page 64: Lesson 6 Active Buzzer
Lesson 6 Active buzzer Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to generate a sound with an active buzzer. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x Active buzzer (2) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires) Component Introduction BUZZER: Electronic buzzers are DC-powered and equipped with an integrated circuit.
Page 65 Connection Schematic 65 / 223...
Page 66 Wiring diagram 66 / 223...
Page 67 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 6 Making Sounds and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. Example picture 67 / 223...
Page 68: Lesson 7 Passive Buzzer
Mi. By the buzzer, you can play a song. We should be careful not to use the MEGA2560 R3 board analog Write () function to generate a pulse to the buzzer, because the pulse output of analog Write () is fixed (500Hz).
Page 69 Connection Schematic 69 / 223...
Page 70 Wiring diagram 70 / 223...
Page 71 Wiring the buzzer connected to the MEGA2560 R3 board, the red (positive) to the pin8, black wire (negative) to the GND. Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 7 Passive Buzzer and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors.
Page 72: Lesson 8 Tilt Ball Switch
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a tilt ball switch in order to detect small angle of inclination. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x Tilt Ball switch (2) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)
Page 73 Connection Schematic 73 / 223...
Page 74 Wiring diagram 74 / 223...
Page 75 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 8 Ball Switch and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. Example picture 75 / 223...
Page 76: Lesson 9 Servo
5v port, and the orange one is the signal wire and should be connected to the Dig #9 port. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x Servo (SG90) (3) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)
Page 77 Connection Schematic 77 / 223...
Page 78 Wiring diagram 78 / 223...
Page 79 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 9 Servo and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < Servo> library or re-install it, if necessary.
Page 80: Lesson 10 Ultrasonic Sensor Module
The HC-SR04 is inexpensive and easy to use since we will be using a Library specifically designed for these sensor. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x Ultrasonic sensor module (4) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)
Page 81 Connection Schematic 81 / 223...
Page 82 Wiring diagram 82 / 223...
Page 83 Code Using a Library designed for these sensors will make our code short and simple. We include the library at the beginning of our code, and then by using simple commands we can control the behavior of the sensor. After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 10 Ultrasonic Sensor Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program.
Page 84 Open the monitor then you can see the data as blow: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1. 84 / 223...
Page 85: Lesson 11 Membrane Switch Module
Lesson 11 Membrane Switch Module Overview In this project, we will go over how to integrate a keyboard with an MEGA2560 R3 board so that the MEGA2560 R3 can read the keys being pressed by a user. Keypads are used in all types of devices, including cell phones, fax machines, microwaves, ovens, door locks, etc.
Page 86 Connection Schematic 86 / 223...
Page 87 Wiring diagram 87 / 223...
Page 88 When connecting the pins to the MEGA2560 R3 board, we connect them to the digital output pins, D9-D2. We connect the first pin of the keypad to D9, the second pin to D8, the third pin to D7, the fourth pin to D6, the fifth pin to D5, the sixth pin to D4, the seventh pin to D3, and the eighth pin to D2.
Page 89 Example picture 89 / 223...
Page 90 With this code, once we press a key on the keypad, it should show up on the serial monitor of the Arduino software once the code is compiled and uploaded to the MEGA2560 R3 board. Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1.
Page 91: Lesson 12 Dht11 Temperature And Humidity Sensor
Again we will be using a Library specifically designed for these sensors that will make our code short and easy to write. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x DHT11 Temperature and Humidity module (3) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)
Page 92 excellent long-term stability. The sensor includes a resistive sense of wet components and a NTC temperature measurement devices, and connects with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. Applications: HVAC, dehumidifier, testing and inspection equipment, consumer goods, automotive, automatic control, data loggers, weather stations, home appliances, humidity regulator, medical and other humidity measurement and control.
Page 93 Connection Schematic 93 / 223...
Page 94 Wiring diagram 94 / 223...
Page 95 As you can see we only need 3 connections to the sensor, since one of the pin is not used. The connections are: Voltage, Ground and Signal which can be connected to any Pin on our MEGA2560. Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 12 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor and click UPLOAD to upload the program.
Page 96 Upload the program then open the monitor, we can see the data as below: (It shows the temperature of the environment, we can see it is 22 degree) Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1.
Page 97: Lesson 13 Analog Joystick Module
Analog joysticks are a great way to add some control in your projects. In this tutorial we will learn how to use the analog joystick module. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x Joystick module (5) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)
Page 98 Connection Schematic 98 / 223...
Page 99 Wiring diagram 99 / 223...
Page 100 We need 5 connections to the joystick. The connections are: Key, Y, X, Voltage and Ground. “Y and X” are Analog and “Key” is Digital. If you don’t need the switch then you can use only 4 pins. Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 13 Analog Joystick Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program.
Page 101 Open the monitor then you can see the data as blow: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1. 101 / 223...
Page 102: Lesson 14 Ir Receiver Module
Using an IR Remote is a great way to have wireless control of your project. Infrared remotes are simple and easy to use. In this tutorial we will be connecting the IR receiver to the MEGA2560, and then use a Library that was designed for this particular sensor.
Page 103 IR detectors are digital out - either they detect 38KHz IR signal and output low (0V) or they do not detect any and output high (5V). Photocells act like resistors, the resistance changes depending on how much light they are exposed to. What You Can Measure As you can see from these datasheet graphs, the peak frequency detection is at 38 KHz and the peak LED color is 940 nm.
Page 104 Connection Schematic 104 / 223...
Page 105 Wiring diagram 105 / 223...
Page 106 There are 3 connections to the IR Receiver. The connections are: Signal, Voltage and Ground. The “-” is the Ground, “S” is signal, and middle pin is Voltage 5V. Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 14 IR Receiver Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program.
Page 107 Open the monitor then you can see the data as blow: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1. 107 / 223...
Page 108: Lesson 15 Max7219 Led Dot Matrix Module
In this tutorial we will connect a MAX7219 and scroll the text across. Since these modules use the MAX7219 LED driver chip, we will be able to turn on and off the 64 LEDs of each module, using only 3 pins on our MEGA2560. Component Required:...
Page 109 Connection Schematic 109 / 223...
Page 110 Wiring diagram 110 / 223...
Page 111 VCC and Ground are connected to the Arduino. Pin 12 is connected to DIN, Pin 11 is connected to CS and Pin 10 is connected to CLK. Code Our Sketch will make use of the “Maxmatrix” Library to communicate with the MAX7219 modules.
Page 112: Lesson 16 Gy-521 Module
IMU (Inertia Measurement Unit) sensors, compatible with Arduino. IMU sensors like the GY-521 are used in self balancing robots, UAVs, smart phones, etc. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x GY-521 module (4) x F-M wires Component Introduction...
Page 113 IMU sensors are one of the most inevitable type of sensors used today in all kinds of electronic gadgets. They are seen in smart phones, wearables, game controllers, etc. IMU sensors help us in getting the attitude of an object, attached to the sensor in three dimensional space.
Page 114 An accelerometer works on the principle of piezo electric effect. Here, imagine a cuboidal box, having a small ball inside it, like in the picture above. The walls of this box are made with piezo electric crystals. Whenever you tilt the box, the ball is forced to move in the direction of the inclination, due to gravity.
Page 115 How does a gyroscope work? Gyroscopes work on the principle of Coriolis acceleration. Imagine that there is a fork like structure, which is in constant back and forth motion. It is held in place using piezo electric crystals. Whenever, you try to tilt this arrangement, the crystals experience a force in the direction of inclination.
Page 116 Connection Schematic 116 / 223...
Page 117 Wiring diagram 117 / 223...
Page 118 The Code The short example sketch is a very short sketch and it shows all the raw values (accelerometer, gyro and temperature). It should work on Arduino MEGA2560, Nano, Leonardo, and also Due. After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 16 GY-521 Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program.
Page 119 Example picture 119 / 223...
Page 120 Open the monitor then you can see the data as blow: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1. 120 / 223...
Page 121: Lesson 17 Hc-Sr501 Pir Sensor
Lesson 17 HC-SR501 PIR Sensor Overview In this lesson you will learn how to use a PIR movement detector with an MEGA2560. The MEGA2560 is the heart of this project. It 'listens' to the PIR sensor and when motion is detected, instructs the LED to light on or shut off.
Page 122 Pin or Control Function Time Delay Adjust Sets how long the output remains high after detecting motion..Anywhere from 5 seconds to 5 minutes. Sets the detection range..from 3 meters to 7 meters Sensitivity Adjust Trigger Selection Set for single or repeatable triggers. Jumper Ground input Ground pin...
Page 123 HC SR501 PIR Functional Description The SR501 will detect infrared changes and if interpreted as motion, will set its output low. What is or is not interpreted as motion is largely dependent on user settings and adjustments. Device Initialization The device requires nearly a minute to initialize. During this period, it can and often will output false detection signals.
Page 124 HC SR501 View Area PIR Range (Sensitivity) Adjustment As mentioned, the adjustable range is from approximately 3 to 7 meters. The illustration below shows this adjustment. HC SR501 Sensitivity Adjust Time Delay Adjustment The time delay adjustment determines how long the output of the PIR sensor module will remain high after detection motion.
Page 125 HC SR501 Time Delay Adjustment 3 Seconds Off After Time Delay Completes – IMPORTANT The output of this device will go LOW (or Off) for approximately 3 seconds AFTER the time delay completes. In other words, ALL motion detection is blocked during this three second period.
Page 126 Trigger Mode Selection Jumper The trigger mode selection jumper allows you to select between single and repeatable triggers. The affect of this jumper setting is to determine when the time delay begins.  SINGLE TRIGGER – The time delay begins immediately when motion is first detected. ...
Page 127 Example One In this first example, the time delay is set to three seconds and the trigger mode is set to single. As you can see in the illustration below, the motion is not always detected. In fact, there is a period of about six seconds where motion can not be detected.
Page 128 Connection Schematic 128 / 223...
Page 129 Wiring diagram 129 / 223...
Page 130 Connecting PIR sensors to a microcontroller is really simple. The PIR acts as a digital output so all you need to do is listen for the pin to flip high (detected) or low (not detected). It’s likely that you'll want retriggering, so be sure to put the jumper in the H position! Power the PIR with 5V and connect ground to ground.
Page 131: Lesson 18 Water Level Detection Sensor Module
Believe it or not this circuit will work with the digital I/O pins of your MEGA2560 R3 board or you can use it with the analog pins to detect the amount of water induced contact between the grounded and sensor traces.
Page 132 It has low power consumption, and high sensitivity. Features: 1、Working voltage: 5V 2、Working Current: <20ma 3、 Interface: Analog 4、Width of detection: 40mm×16mm 5、Working Temperature: 10℃~30℃ 6、Output voltage signal: 0~4.2V Connection Schematic 132 / 223...
Page 133 Wiring diagram 133 / 223...
Page 134 Wiring tips: Power supply (+) is connected to 5V of MEGA2560 R3 board, ground electrode (-) is connected to GND. Signal output (S) is connected to the ports (A0- A5) which have function of inputting analog signal in MEGA2560 R3 board, random one is OK, but it should define the same demo code as the routine.
Page 135 Open the monitor then you can see the data as below: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1. 135 / 223...
Page 136: Lesson 19 Real Time Clock Module
In this lesson, you will learn how to use the DS3231, clock module that displays the year, month, day, hour, minute, second and week. Support is via a backup battery trickle charger, which can be used unless being connected to MEGA2560 with only three data cables.
Page 137 Connection Schematic 137 / 223...
Page 138 Wiring diagram 138 / 223...
Page 139 Ignore the 32K and SQW pins; you will not need them. Plug the SCL pin into your MEGA2560 R3 board SCL port, and the SDA pin into the SDA port. The VCC pin plugs into the 5V port, and the GND plugs into the GND port.
Page 140 Open the monitor then you can see the module can read the time as below: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details detail in Lesson 1. 140 / 223...
Page 141: Lesson 20 Sound Sensor Module
Given to its preciseness, it takes at least 10 circles for you to get some response. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x Sound sensor module (4) x F-M wires (Female to Male DuPont wires)
Page 142 capacitor and works on the principle of a variable capacitance. It consists of two plates, one fixed (called the back plate) and the other moveable (called the diaphragm) with a small gap between them. An electric potential charges the plate. When sound strikes the diaphragm it starts moving, thereby changing the capacitance between the plates which in turn results in a variable electric current to flow.
Page 143 Connection Schematic 143 / 223...
Page 144 Wiring diagram 144 / 223...
Page 145 The code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 20 Sound Sensor Module and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. This module provides two signal output modes, for which we wrote two codes: digital_signal_output and analog_signal_output.
Page 146 Open the monitor then you can see the data as below: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are introduced in details in Lesson 1. 146 / 223...
Page 147: Lesson 21 Rc522 Rfid Module
Overview In this lesson, you will learn to how to apply the RC522 RFID Reader Module on MEGA2560 R3. This module uses the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus to communicate with controllers such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, beagle board, etc.
Page 148 Connection Schematic 148 / 223...
Page 149 Wiring diagram 149 / 223...
Page 150 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 21 RC522 RFID Module and press UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. Before you can run this, make sure that you have installed the < rfid > library or re- install it, if necessary.
Page 151 Open the monitor then you can see the data as blow: Click the Serial Monitor button to turn on the serial monitor. The basics about the serial monitor are set out in detail in Lesson 1. 151 / 223...
Page 152: Lesson 22 Lcd Display
In this lesson, we will run the Arduino example program for the LCD library, but in the next lesson, we will get our display to show the temperature, using sensors. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x LCD1602 module (1) x Potentiometer (10k)
Page 153 Connection Schematic 153 / 223...
Page 154 Wiring diagram 154 / 223...
Page 155 The LCD display needs six Arduino pins, all set to be digital outputs. It also needs 5V and GND connections. There are a number of connections to be made. Lining up the display with the top of the breadboard helps to identify its pins without too much counting, especially if the breadboard has its rows numbered with row 1 as the top row of the board.
Page 156 The first sets the cursor position (where the next text will appear) to column 0 & row 1. Both column and row numbers start at 0 rather than 1. The second line displays the number of milliseconds since the Arduino was reset. Example picture 56 / 223...
Page 157: Lesson 23 Thermometer
Lesson 23 Thermometer Overview In this lesson, you will use an LCD display to show the temperature. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x LCD1602 Module (1) x 10k ohm resistor (1) x Thermistor (1) x Potentiometer (1) x 830 tie-points Breadboard...
Page 158 Connection Schematic 158 / 223...
Page 159 Wiring diagram 159 / 223...
Page 160 The breadboard layout is based on the layout from Lesson 22, so it will simplify things if you still have this on the breadboard. There are a few jumper wires near the pot that have been moved slightly on this layout.
Page 161 lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Temp C "); lcd.setCursor(6, 0); lcd.print(tempF); The rather strange comment serves to remind you of the 16 columns of the display. You can then print a string of that length with spaces where the actual reading will To fill in the blanks, set the cursor position for where the reading should appear and then print it.
Page 162: Lesson 24 Eight Led With 74Hc595
Although you could wire up eight LEDs each with a resistor to an MEGA2560 pin you would rapidly start to run out of pins on your MEGA2560. If you don't have a lot of stuff connected to your MEGA2560. It's OK to do so - but often times we want buttons, sensors, servos, etc.
Page 163 163 / 223...
Page 164 The chip also has an output enable (OE) pin, which is used to enable or disable the outputs all at once. You could attach this to a PWM-capable MEGA2560 pin and use 'analogWrite' to control the brightness of the LEDs. This pin is active low, so we tie it to GND.
Page 165 Wiring diagram 165 / 223...
Page 166 You should check this again before you connect the power to your MEGA2560. If you find it difficult to arrange the resistors without their leads touching, then it helps to shorten the leads so that they are lying closer to the surface of the breadboard.
Page 167 The function 'updateShiftRegister', first of all sets the latchPin to low, then calls the MEGA2560 function 'shiftOut' before putting the 'latchPin' high again. This takes four parameters, the first two are the pins to use for Data and Clock respectively.
Page 168 Bit' (LSB). The last parameter is the actual data to be shifted into the shift register, which in this case is 'leds'. void updateShiftRegister() digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW); shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, leds); digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH); If you wanted to turn one of the LEDs off rather than on, you would call a similar Arduino function (bitClear) with the 'leds' variable.
Page 169: Lesson 25 The Serial Monitor
In this lesson, you will build on Lesson 24, adding the facility to control the LEDs from your computer using the Arduino Serial Monitor. The serial monitor is the 'tether' between the computer and your MEGA2560. It lets you send and receive text messages, handy for debugging and also controlling the MEGA2560 from a keyboard! For example, you will be able to send commands from your computer to turn on LEDs.
Page 170 This window is called the Serial Monitor and it is part of the Arduino IDE software. Its job is to allow you to both send messages from your computer to an MEGA2560 board (over USB) and also to receive messages from the MEGA2560.
Page 171 Type x again and press ‘Send’ to turn off all LEDs. Code After wiring, please open program in the code folder- Lesson 25 The Serial Monitor and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors.
Page 172 Firstly, we have the command 'Serial.begin(9600)'. This starts serial communication, so that the MEGA2560 can send out commands through the USB connection. The value 9600 is called the 'baud rate' of the connection. This is how fast the data is to be sent.
Page 173 Arduino function 'Serial.available()' is 'true' then nothing else will happen. Serial.available() will return 'true' if data has been send to the MEGA2560 and is there ready to be processed. Incoming messages are held in what is called a buffer and Serial.available() returns true if that buffer is Not empty.
Page 174 The next two lines write back a confirmation message to the Serial Monitor. Serial.print("Turned on LED "); Serial.println(led); The first line uses Serial.print rather than Serial.println. The different between the two is that Serial.print does not start a new line after printing whatever is in its parameter.
Page 175: Lesson 26 Photocell
To convert this varying value of resistance into something we can measure on an MEGA2560 R3 board's analog input, it needs to be converted into a voltage. The simplest way to do that is to combine it with a fixed resistor.
Page 176 The resistor and photocell together behave like a pot. When the light is very bright, then the resistance of the photocell is very low compared with the fixed value resistor, and so it is as if the pot were turned to maximum. When the photocell is in dull light, the resistance becomes greater than the fixed 1 kΩ...
Page 177 Connection Schematic 177 / 223...
Page 178 Wiring diagram 178 /...
Page 179 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 26 Photocell and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. The first thing to note is that we have changed the name of the analog pin to be 'lightPin' rather than 'potPin' since we no longer have a pot connected.
Page 180: Lesson 27 74Hc595 And Segment Display
After learning Lesson 24、25 and Lesson 26, we will use the 74HC595 shift register to control the segment display. The segment display will show number from 9-0. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 tie-points breadboard (1) x 74HC595 IC...
Page 181 0-9 ten digits correspond with each segment are as follows (the following table applies common cathode seven segment display device, if you are using a common anode, the table should be replaced every 1 0 0 should all replaced by 1): Display digital 181 / 223...
Page 182 Connection Schematic 182 / 223...
Page 183 Wiring diagram 183 / 223...
Page 184 GND (pin 8) and OE (pin 13) to ground Connection DS, ST_CP and SH_CP pin: DS (pin 14) connected to MEGA2560 R3 board pin 2 (the figure below the yellow line) ST_CP (pin 12, latch pin) connected to MEGA2560 R3 board pin 3 (FIG blue line below)
Page 185 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 27 74HC595 And Segment Display and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. Example picture 185 / 223...
Page 186: Lesson 28 Four Digital Seven Segment Display
Persistence of Vision enables you to see all numbers displayed because each the scanning speed is so fast that you hardly notice the intervals. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 tie-points breadboard (1) x 74HC595 IC (1) x 4 Digit 7-Segment Display...
Page 187 Component Introduction Four Digital Seven segment display 187 / 223...
Page 188 Connection Schematic 188 / 2...
Page 189 Wiring diagram 189 / 223...
Page 190 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 28 Four Digital Seven Segment Display and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. Example picture 199 / 223...
Page 191: Lesson 29 Dc Motors
Lesson 29 DC Motors Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to control a small DC motor using an MEGA2560 R3 and a transistor. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 tie-points breadboard (1) x L293D IC...
Page 192 Product Specifications:  Locking On/Off Switch  LED Power Indicator  Input voltage: 6.5-9v (DC) via 5.5mm x 2.1mm plug  Output voltage: 3.3V/5v  Maximum output current: 700 mA  Independent control rail output. 0v, 3.3v, 5v to breadboard ...
Page 193 Important note: Make sure that you align the module correctly on the breadboard. The negative pin(-) on module lines up with the blue line(-) on breadboard and that the positive pin(+) lines up with the red line(+). Failure to do so could result in you accidently reversing the power to your project L293D This is a very useful chip.
Page 194 Product Specifications: Featuring Unitrode L293 and L293D Products Now From Texas Instruments • • Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V • Separate Input-Logic Supply • Internal ESD Protection • Thermal Shutdown • High-Noise-Immunity Inputs • Functionally Similar to SGS L293 and SGS L293D •...
Page 195 I got fed up with indecipherable pinout diagrams within datasheets, so have designed my own that I think gives more pertinent information. There are 3 wires connected to the Arduino, 2 wires connected to the motor, and 1 wire connected to a battery.
Page 196 255 is 196 / 223...
Page 197 max speed. M1 direction 0/1 and M1 direction 1/0 - Connect these two to two digital Arduino pins. Output one pin as HIGH and the other pin as LOW, and the motor will spin in one direction. Reverse the outputs to LOW and HIGH, and the motor will spin in the other direction. 197 / 223...
Page 198 Connection Schematic 197 / 223...
Page 199 Wiring diagram 198 / 223...
Page 200 The code below does not use a separate power supply (ie a battery), it uses instead the 5v power from the Arduino. Note that this would be risky without the L293D controlling it. You should _never_ connect a motor directly to the Arduino, because when you switch a motor off you get an electrical feedback.
Page 201 Example picture 299 / 223...
Page 202: Lesson 30 Relay
Lesson 30 Relay Overview In this lesson, you will learn how to use a relay. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 tie-points breadboard (1) x Fan blade and 3-6v dc motor (1) x L293D IC (1) x 5v Relay...
Page 203 Component Introduction Relay: A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used as in solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low- power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
Page 204 Connection Schematic 203 / 223...
Page 205 Wiring diagram 204 /...
Page 206 Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 30 Relay and click UPLOAD to upload the program. See Lesson 2 for details about program uploading if there are any errors. After program loading, turn on all the power switches. The relay will pick up with a ringing sound.
Page 207: Lesson 31 Stepper Motor
The stepper we are using comes with its own driver board making it easy to connect to our MEGA2560. Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 tie-points breadboard (1) x ULN2003 stepper motor driver module (1) x Stepper motor...
Page 208 A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses.
Page 209 Interfacing circuits The bipolar stepper motor usually has four wires coming out of it. Unlike unipolar steppers, bipolar steppers have no common center connection. They have two independent sets of coils instead. You can distinguish them from unipolar steppers by measuring the resistance between the wires. You should find two pairs of wires with equal resistance.
Page 210 ULN2003 Driver Board Product Description Size: 42mmx30mm Use ULN2003 driver chip, 500mA A. B. C. D LED indicating the four phase stepper motor working condition. White jack is the four phase stepper motor standard jack. Power pins are separated We kept the rest pins of the ULN2003 chip for your further prototyping. The simplest way of interfacing a unipolar stepper to Arduino is to use a breakout for ULN2003A transistor array chip.
Page 211 The sequence would go like this: Here are schematics showing how to interface a unipolar stepper motor to four controller pins using a ULN2003A, and showing how to interface using four com 210 / 223...
Page 212 Connection Schematic 211 / 223...
Page 213 Wiring diagram 212 / 223...
Page 214 We are using 4 pins to control the Stepper. Pin 8-11 are controlling the Stepper motor. We connect the Ground from to MEGA2560 to the Stepper motor. Code After wiring, please open the program in the code folder- Lesson 31 Stepper Motor and click UPLOAD to upload the program.
Page 215: Lesson 32 Controlling Stepper Motor With Remote
The stepper we are using comes with its own driver board making it easy to connect to our MEGA2560. Since we don’t want to drive the motor directly from the MEGA2560, we will be using an inexpensive little breadboard power supply that plugs right into our breadboard and power it with a 9V 1Amp power supply.
Page 216 Connection Schematic 215 / 223...
Page 217 Wiring diagram 216 / 223...
Page 218 Pins 8-11 are controlling the Stepper motor and pin 12 is receiving the IR information. We connect the 5V and Ground from the MEGA2560 to the sensor. As a precaution, use a breadboard power supply to power the stepper motor since it can use more power and we don’t want to damage the power supply of the MEGA2560.
Page 219: Lesson 33 Controlling Stepper Motor With Rotary Encoder
Component Required: (1) x Elegoo Mega2560 R3 (1) x 830 tie-points breadboard (1) x Rotary Encoder Module (1) x ULN2003 stepper motor driver module...
Page 220 Component Introduction Rotary encoder A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device that converts the angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to an analog or digital code. There are two main types: absolute and incremental (relative). The output of absolute encoders indicates the current position of the shaft, making them angle transducers.
Page 221 Connection Schematic 220 / 223...
Page 222 Wiring diagram 221 / 223...
Page 223 Pins 8-11 are controlling the Stepper motor and pins 2-4 are receiving information from the rotary encoder. We connect the 5V and Ground from to MEGA2560 to the rotary encoder and as a precaution, use a breadboard power supply to power the stepper motor since it can use more power that the MEGA2560 can provide.
Page 224 Example picture 223 / 223...