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Metric Conversions
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side.
Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not
set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), equation mode and
statistics modes.
No.
Remarks
No.
1
in
: inch
23
fl oz(US) : fluid ounce(US)
2
cm
: centimeter
24
ml
3
ft
: foot
25
fl oz(UK) : fluid ounce(UK)
4
m
: meter
26
ml
5
yd
: yard
27
J
6
m
: meter
28
cal
7
mile
: mile
29
J
8
km
: kilometer
30
cal
9
n mile
: nautical mile
31
J
10
m
: meter
32
cal
11
acre
: acre
33
hp
12
m
2
: square meter
34
W
13
oz
: ounce
35
ps
14
g
: gram
36
W
15
lb
: pound
37
16
kg
: kilogram
38
Pa
17
°F
: Degree Fahrenheit
39
atm
18
°C
: Degree Celsius
40
Pa
19
gal (US) : gallon (US)
41
(1 mmHg = 1 Torr)
l
20
: liter
42
Pa
21
gal (UK) : gallon (UK)
43
l
22
: liter
44
J
Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes
Calculation can be executed in the normal mode (excluding N-
base) using the following 9 types of prefixes.
Prefix
Operation
k
(kilo)
M
(Mega)
G
(Giga)
T
(Tera)
m
(milli)
µ
(micro)
n
(nano)
p
(pico)
f
(femto)
Modify Function
Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation
with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation
results are displayed in the form designated by the display nota-
tion and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal
calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By
using the modify function, the internal value is converted to match
that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used
without change in subsequent operations.
Solver Function
The x value can be found that reduces an entered equation to "0".
• This function uses Newton's method to obtain an approxima-
tion. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or 'Start' value,
an error may occur (Error 2) due to there being no convergence
to the solution for the equation.
• The value obtained by this function may include a margin of
error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution
after changing 'Start' and dx values.
• Change the 'Start' value (e.g. to a negative value) or dx value
(e.g. to a smaller value) if:
• no solution can be found (Error 2).
• more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a cubic
equation).
• to improve the arithmetic precision.
• The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory.
[Performing Solver function]
Q Press
.
W Input a formula with an x variable.
E Press
.
R Input 'Start' value and press
. The default value is "0".
T Input dx value (minute interval).
Y Press
.
SIMULATION CALCULATION (ALGB)
If you have to find a value consecutively using the same formula,
such as plotting a curve line for 2x
2
+ 1, or finding the variable for
2x + 2y =14, once you enter the equation, all you have to do is to
specify the value for the variable in the formula.
Usable variables: A-F, M, X and Y
Unusable functions: Random function
• Simulation calculations can only be executed in the normal
mode.
• Calculation ending instructions other than
Performing Calculations
Q Press
.
W Input a formula with at least one variable.
E Press
.
R Variable input screen will appear. Input the value of the flashing
variable, then press
to confirm. The calculation result will
be displayed after entering the value for all used variables.
• Only numerical values are allowed as variables. Input of
formulas is not permitted.
• Upon completing the calculation, press
form calculations using the same formula.
• Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will be
displayed in the variable input screen. To change a numerical
value, input the new value and press
• Performing simulation calculation will cause memory locations
to be overwritten with new values.
Remarks
STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS
: milliliter
Press
: milliliter
cal calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the
: Joule
statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the number
: calorie
key corresponding to your choice.
: Joule
To change statistical sub-mode, reselect statistics mode (press
: Calorie (15n°C)
15
: Joule
: I.T. calorie
(SD)
IT
: horsepower
(LINE)
: watt
(QUAD) : Quadratic regression calculation
: French horsepower
(EXP)
: watt
(LOG)
(PWR)
: Pascal
(INV)
: atmosphere
: Pascal
The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calcula-
tion (refer to the table below):
: Pascal
Single-variable statistical calculation
: Joule
Statistics of Q and value of the normal probability function
Linear regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W and, in addition, estimate of y for a given x
(estimate y´) and estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´)
Unit
Exponential regression, Logarithmic regression,
10
3
Power regression, and Inverse regression calculation
10
6
Statistics of Q and W. In addition, estimate of y for a given x and
10
9
estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each
10
12
formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation
–3
10
takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b,
–6
10
from converted data rather than entered data.)
–9
10
10
–12
Quadratic regression calculation
10
–15
Statistics of Q and W and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic
regression formula (y = a + bx + cx
calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) When
there are two x´ values, press
When performing calculations using a, b and c, only one numeric
value can be held.
sx
σ x
Q
Σ x
Σ x
sy
σ y
Σ y
Σ y
W
Σ xy
• Use
Data Entry and Correction
Entered data are kept in memory until
tion. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents.
[Data Entry]
Single-variable data
Data
Data
Two-variable data
Data x
Data x
of the same data x and y.)
• Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-variable
data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as
one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as
a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data
items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items,
while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of
three data items.
[Data Correction]
cannot be used.
Correction prior to pressing
Delete incorrect data with
Correction after pressing
Use
Press
order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first),
press the
Each item is displayed with 'Xn=', 'Yn=', or 'Nn=' (n is the sequen-
tial number of the data set).
Display the data item to modify, input the correct value, then
press
to per-
set all at once.
.
to select the statistics mode. The seven statisti-
), then select the required sub-mode.
: Single-variable statistics
: Linear regression calculation
: Exponential regression calculation
: Logarithmic regression calculation
: Power regression calculation
: Inverse regression calculation
2
). (For quadratic regression
.
Mean of samples (x data)
¯ x
Sample standard deviation (x data)
Population standard deviation (x data)
Number of samples
n
Sum of samples (x data)
2
Sum of squares of samples (x data)
¯ y
Means of samples (y data)
Sample standard deviation (y data)
Population standard deviation (y data)
Sum of samples (y data)
2
Sum of squares of samples (y data)
Sum of products of samples (x, y)
r
Correlation coefficient
a
Coefficient of regression equation
Coefficient of regression equation
b
c
Coefficient of quadratic regression equation
and
to perform a STAT variable calculation.
or mode selec-
frequency
(To enter multiples of the same data)
Data y
Data y
frequency
(To enter multiples
immediately after a data entry:
, then enter the correct data.
:
to display the data previously entered.
to display data items in ascending (oldest first)
key.
. Using
, you can correct the values of the data
• To delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete,
then press
. The data set will be deleted.
• To add a new data set, press
and input the values, then
press
.
Statistical Calculation Formulas
Type
Regression formula
Linear
y = a + bx
bx
Exponential
y = a • e
Logarithmic
y = a + b • ln x
Power
y = a • x
b
1
Inverse
y = a + b —
x
Quadratic
y = a + bx + cx
2
In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur when:
• The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result
is equal to or greater than 1 × 10
100
.
• The denominator is zero.
• An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.
• No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.
Normal Probability Calculations
• P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when
t<0, because these functions follow the same principle used
when solving for an area.
Values for P(t), Q(t), and R(t) are given to six decimal places.
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
Simultaneous linear equation with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with
three unknowns (3-VLE) may be solved using this function.
Q 2-VLE:
W 3-VLE:
• If the determinant D = 0, an error occurs.
• If the absolute value of an intermediate result or calculation result
is 1 × 10
100
or more, an error occurs.
• Coefficients ( a
, etc.) can be entered using ordinary arithmetic
1
operations.
• To clear the entered coefficients, press
• Pressing
when the determinant D is in the display recalls
the coefficients. Each time
is pressed, a coefficient is
displayed in the order of input, allowing the entered coefficients
to be verified (by pressing
, coefficients are displayed
in reverse order.) To correct a particular coefficient being dis-
played, enter the correct value and then press
QUADRATIC AND CUBIC EQUATION SOLVERS
2
3
Quadratic (ax
+ bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax
+ bx
may be solved using this function.
Q Quadratic equation solver:
W Cubic equation solver:
• Press
after entering each coefficient.
• The result will be displayed by pressing
coefficients. When there are more than 2 results, the next solu-
tion will be displayed.
• When the result is an imaginary number, "xy" symbol will appear.
The display can be switched between imaginary and real parts
by pressing
.
COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS
To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using
complex numbers, press
to select the complex number
mode.
Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes:
Q
: Rectangular coordinate mode (xy appears.)
: Polar coordinate mode ( r θ appears.)
W
Complex number entry
Q Rectangular coordinates
x-coordinate
y-coordinate
or x-coordinate
y-coordinate
W Polar coordinates
θ
r
θ: argument
r: absolute value
• On selecting another mode, the imaginary part of any complex
number stored in the independent memory (M) will be cleared.
• A complex number expressed in rectangular coordinates with the
y-value equal to zero, or expressed in polar coordinates with the
angle equal to zero, is treated as a real number.
• Press
to return the complex conjugate of the speci-
fied complex number.
ERROR AND CALCULATION RANGES
Errors
An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges,
or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error
occurs, pressing
(or
) automatically moves the cursor
back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the
equation or press
to clear the equation.
.
.
2
+ cx + d = 0) equation
after entering all
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