Page 1 DES-3326 24-Port Fast Ethernet Plus 2-Port Gigabit Module Layer 3 Switch User’s Guide Second Edition (July 2002) 651ES3326025 Printed In Taiwan RECYCLABLE...
Page 2: Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise
Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise Bitte lesen Sie sich diese Hinweise sorgfältig durch. Heben Sie diese Anleitung für den spätern Gebrauch auf. Vor jedem Reinigen ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen. Vervenden Sie keine Flüssig- oder Aerosolreiniger. Am besten dient ein angefeuchtetes Tuch zur Reinigung. Um eine Beschädigung des Gerätes zu vermeiden sollten Sie nur Zubehörteile verwenden, die vom Hersteller zugelassen sind.
Page 3: Limitation Of Liability
Reseller or D-Link Branch Office nearest to the place of purchase. This Warranty applies on the condition that the product Registration Card is filled out and returned to a D-Link office within ninety (90) days of purchase. A list of D-Link offices is provided at the back of this manual, together with a copy of the Registration Card.
Page 4: Copyright Statement
D-Link Offices for Registration and Warranty Service The product's Registration Card, provided at the back of this manual, must be sent to a D-Link office. To obtain an RMA number for warranty service as to a hardware product, or to obtain warranty service as to a software product, contact the D-Link office nearest you. An address/telephone/fax/e-mail/Web site list of D-Link offices is provided in the back of this manual.
Page 5: Fcc Warning
FCC Warning This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Introduction ...10 Layer 3 Switching ...10 The Functions of a Layer 3 Switch...11 Features ...11 Ports ...11 Performance Features...11 Layer 2 Features ...11 Layer 3 Switch Features...12 Traffic Classification and Prioritization ...13 Management ...13 Optional Redundant Power Supply...14 Fast Ethernet Technology ...14 Gigabit Ethernet Technology...14...
Page 8 DHCP Servers ...55 IP Routing ...55 ARP ...57 Multicasting ...57 Multicast Routing Protocols ...62 Routing Protocols ...62 Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface ...87 Saving Changes...93 Advanced Setup...112 Layer 3 IP Networking...121 Multicasting ...133 Port Mirroring ...142 Priority ...144 Filtering...146...
Page 9 Runtime Switching Software Default Settings...266 Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol...267 Blocking State...267 Listening State ...268 Learning State...269 Forwarding State...270 Disabled State...271 Troubleshooting STP...272 Spanning Tree Protocol Failure ...272 Full/Half Duplex Mismatch...273 Unidirectional Link ...274 Packet Corruption ...275 Resource Errors ...275 Identifying a Data Loop ...275 Avoiding Trouble ...275 Brief Review of Bitwise Logical Operations...279...
Page 10: Introduction
ASIC – in hardware instead of software. Where a traditional router would have one, or at best a few, Fast Ethernet ports, the DES-3326 Layer 3 switch has 24 Fast Ethernet ports and optionally, 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports. Where a traditional router would have one or two high-speed serial WAN connections, the DES-3326 relies upon a Fast Ethernet port to connect to a separate device, which in turn, connects the network to a WAN or the Internet.
Page 11: The Functions Of A Layer 3 Switch
A Layer 3 switch can be placed anywhere within a network core or backbone, easily and cost-effectively replacing the traditional collapsed backbone router. The DES-3326 Layer 3 switch communicates with a WAN router using a standard Ethernet/Fast Ethernet port. Multiple DES-3326 switches can be linked via the optional, 2-port Gigabit Ethernet module.
Page 12: Layer 3 Switch Features
Full and half-duplex for both 10Mbps and 100Mbps connections. The front-port Gigabit Ethernet module operates at full duplex only. Full duplex allows the switch port to simultaneously transmit and receive data, and only works with connections to full-duplex capable end stations and switches.
Page 13: Traffic Classification And Prioritization
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Hardware-based Layer 3 IP switching. • IP packet forwarding rate of 6.6 Mpps. • 2K active IP address entry table per device. • Supports RIP – (Routing Information Protocol) version I and II.
Page 14: Optional Redundant Power Supply
The DES-3326 24+2 Fast Ethernet Layer 3 Switch supports the optional DPS-1000 (Redundant Power Supply) to provide automatic power supply monitoring and switchover to a redundant power supply (located in the chassis of the DPS-1000) in case of a failure in the DES-3326’s internal power supply. Fast Ethernet Technology 100Mbps Fast Ethernet (or 100BASE-T) is a standard specified by the IEEE 802.3 LAN committee.
Page 15: Unpacking And Setup
♦ One AC power cord ♦ This User’s Guide with Registration Card If any item is found missing or damaged, please contact your local D-Link reseller for replacement. Installation Use the following guidelines when choosing a place to install the Switch: ♦...
Page 16: Rack Installation
Figure 2-1. Installing rubber feet for desktop installation Rack Installation The DES-3326 can be mounted in an EIA standard-sized, 19-inch rack, which can be placed in a wiring closet with other equipment. To install, attach the mounting brackets on the switch’s side panels (one on each side) and secure them with the screws provided.
Page 17: Power On
Power on The DES-3326 switch can be used with AC power supply 100-240 VAC, 50 - 60 Hz. The power switch is located at the rear of the unit adjacent to the AC power connector and the system fan. The switch’s power supply will adjust to the local power source automatically and may be turned on without having any or all LAN segment cables connected.
Page 18: Identifying External Components
♦ One switched MDI-X/MDI-II Uplink port that can be used to connect a straight-through cable or a crossed cable to a normal (non-Uplink) port on a switch or hub. This port is identical to the other 23 ports except for the ability to use a crossed or a straight-through cable.
Page 19: Side Panels
Supported input voltages range from 100 ~ 240 VAC at 50 ~ 60 Hz. Side Panels The right side panel of the Switch contains two system fans (see the top part of the diagram below). The left side panel contains heat vents.
Page 20: 1000Base-Sx Fiber Module
♦ Supports multi-mode fiber-optic cable connections of up to 550 meters or 5 km single-mode fiber- optic cable connections. Figure 3-6. 1000BASE-SX two-port module 62.5µm Unit: MHz*km Unit: meters 2.33 Unit: dB Figure 3-7. 1000BASE-LX two-port module DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 62.5µm 50µm 50µm 2.53 3.25 3.43...
Page 21: Gbic Two-Port Module
Switch along with an explanation of each indicator. ♦ Power This indicator on the front panel should be lit during the Power-On Self Test (POST). It will light green approximately 2 seconds after the switch is powered on to indicate the ready state of the device.
Page 22: Connecting The Switch
Category 5e UTP or STP cabling for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet connections). The end node should be connected to any of the twenty-three ports (2x - 24x) of the DES-3326 or to either of the two 100BASE-TX ports on the front-panel module that came preinstalled on the switch. Port 1x can be used as an uplink port to connect to another switch using either a crossed or a straight-through cable.
Page 23: 10Base-T Device
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ♦ A 10BASE-T hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a two-pair Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP/STP straight cable. ♦ A 100BASE-TX hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a two-pair Category 5e UTP/STP straight cable.
Page 24: Switch Management And Operating Concepts
(see Chapter 6, “Using the Console Interface”). A network administrator can manage, control and monitor the switch from the console program. The DES-3326 contains a CPU, memory for data storage, flash memory for configuration data, operational programs, and SNMP agent firmware. These components allow the switch to be actively managed and monitored from either the console port or the network itself (out-of-band, or in-band).
Page 25: Ip Addresses And Snmp Community Names
100. If you still don’t see anything, try hitting <Ctrl> + r to refresh the screen. IP Addresses and SNMP Community Names Each Switch must be assigned its own IP Address, which is used for communication with an SNMP network manager or other TCP/IP application (for example BOOTP, TFTP). The switch’s default IP address is 10.90.90.90.
Page 26: Traps
For security, you can set in the Switch a list of IP Addresses of the network managers that you allow to manage the Switch. You can also change the default SNMP Community Strings in the Switch and set the access rights of these Community Strings.
Page 27: Snmp
• Modifying the configuration of network devices. The DES-3326 has a software program called an ‘agent’ that processes SNMP requests, but the user program that makes the requests and collects the responses runs on a management station (a designated computer on the network). The SNMP agent and the user program both use the UDP/IP protocol to exchange packets.
Page 28: Mibs
Read-only MIBs variables can be either constants that are programmed into the Switch, or variables that change while the Switch is in operation. Examples of read-only constants are the number of port and type of ports. Examples of read-only variables are the statistics counters such as the number of errors that have occurred, or how many kilobytes of data have been received and forwarded through a port.
Page 29: Filtering
If the Aging Time is too short however, many entries may be aged out too soon. This will result in a high percentage of received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the forwarding table, in which case the switch will broadcast the packet to all ports, negating many of the benefits of having a switch.
Page 30: Spanning Tree
– without operator intervention. The DES-3326 STP allows two levels of spanning trees to be configured. The first level constructs a spanning tree on the links between switches. This is referred to as the Switch or Global level. The second level is on a port group basis.
Page 31: Bridge Protocol Data Units
LAN on which the packet is transmitted will receive the BPDU. BPDUs are not directly forwarded by the switch, rather the receiving switch uses the information in the frame to calculate a BPDU, and, if the topology changes, initiates a BPDU transmission.
Page 32 A designated switch is selected. This is the switch closest to the root switch through which packets will be forwarded to the root. • A port for each switch is selected. This is the port providing the best path from the switch to the root switch. •...
Page 33 • From disabled to blocking When STP is enabled, every port on every switch in the network goes through the blocking state and then transitions through the states of listening and learning at power up. If properly configured, each port stabilizes to the forwarding or blocking state.
Page 34 BPDU packets sent by the Root Bridge to tell all other Switches that it is indeed the Root Bridge. If you set a Hello Time for your Switch, and it is not the Root Bridge, the set Hello Time will be used if and when your Switch becomes the Root Bridge.
Page 35: Link Aggregation
Figure 5-6. After Applying the STA Rules The switch with the lowest Bridge ID (switch C) was elected the root bridge, and the ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C. The two (optional) Gigabit ports (default port cost = 10) on switch A are connected to one (optional) Gigabit port on both switch B and C.
Page 36 The DES-3326 supports link aggregation groups, which may include from 2 to 8 switch ports each, except for a Gigabit link aggregation group which consists of the 2 (optional) Gigabit Ethernet ports of the front panel.
Page 37: Vlans
IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLANs are implemented on the DES-3326 Layer 3 switch. 802.1Q VLANs require tagging, which enables the VLANs to span an entire network (assuming all switches on the network are IEEE 802.1Q-compliant).
Page 38 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Egress rules – determines if the packet must be sent tagged or untagged. Figure 5-8. IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding 802.1Q VLAN Tags The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address.
Page 39 Tag-aware switches must keep a table to relate PVIDs within the switch to VIDs on the network. The switch will compare the VID of a packet to be transmitted to the VID of the port that is to transmit the packet.
Page 40: Tagging And Untagging
If the packet is not tagged with VLAN information, the ingress port will tag the packet with its own PVID as a VID (if the port is a tagging port). The switch then determines if the destination port is a member of the same VLAN (has the same VID) as the ingress port.
Page 41: Ip Addresses
These VLANs are based on layer 3 information, but this does not constitute a ‘routing’ function. The DES-3326 allows an IP subnet to be configured for each 802.1Q VLAN that exists on the switch. Even though a switch inspects a packet’s IP address to determine VLAN membership, no route calculation is performed, the RIP protocol is not employed, and packets traversing the switch are bridged using the Spanning Tree algorithm.
Page 42: Address Classes
(called loopback). The address 127.0.0.1 can always be pinged from a local node because it forms a loopback and points back to the same node. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 Table 5-4. Binary to Decimal Conversion power is equal to one, by definition). DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 43: Subnet Masking
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting. Class E Addresses are reserved for future use. They are not used for node addresses. The part of the IP address that belongs to the network is the part that is ‘hidden’ by the ‘1’s in the subnet mask.
Page 44 8190 2046 16382 1022 32766 65534 131070 262142 525286 104857 209715 419430 Table 5-5. Class A Subnet Masks DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide above example Total Hosts 8388604 12582900 14680036 15728580 16252804 16514820 16645636 16710660 16742404 16756740...
Page 45 Setting up IP Interfaces The Layer 3 switch allows ranges of IP addresses (OSI layer 3) to be assigned to VLANs (OSI layer 2). Each VLAN must be configured prior to setting up the corresponding IP interface. An IP addressing scheme must then be established, and implemented when the IP interfaces are set up on the switch.
Page 46: Internet Protocols
These VLANs are based on layer 3 information, but this does not constitute a ‘routing’ function. The DES-3326 allows an IP subnet to be configured for each 802.1Q VLAN that exists on the switch. Even though a switch inspects a packet’s IP address to determine VLAN membership, no route calculation is performed, the RIP protocol is not employed, and packets traversing the switch are bridged using the Spanning Tree algorithm.
Page 47 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Protocol Layering The Internet Protocol (IP) divides the tasks necessary to route and forward packets across networks by using a layered approach. Each layer has clearly defined tasks, protocol, and interfaces for communicating with adjacent layers, but the exact way these tasks are accomplished is left to individual software designers.
Page 48 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-12. The Protocol Stack Between two protocol stacks, members of the same layer are known as peers and communicate by well- known (open and published) protocols. Within a protocol stack, adjacent layers communicate by an internal interface.
Page 49 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Commonly referred to as the routing layer, this layer provides logical partitioning of networks (subnetting), scalability, security, and Quality of Service (QoS). The backbone of the Internet is built using Layer 3 functions. IP is the premier Layer 3 protocol.
Page 50: Packet Headers
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Because these functions are required by a large number of applications, they are grouped into a single protocol, rather than being the part of the specifications for just sending e-mail. TCP is then a library of routines that application software can use when reliable network communications are required.
Page 51 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-13. TCP Packet Header When packets have been successfully received, TCP sends an acknowledgement. This is simply a packet that has the acknowledgement number field filled in. An acknowledgement number of 1000 indicates that all of the data up to octet 1000 has been received.
Page 52 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-14. IP Packet Header The flags and fragment offset are used to keep track of packets that must be divided among several smaller packets to cross networks for which they are too large.
Page 53 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide When a packet is received, the headers are removed. The Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) removes the Ethernet header and checks the checksum. It then looks at the type code. If the type code is for IP, the packet is given to IP.
Page 54: The Domain Name System
The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to map names to IP addresses throughout the Internet and has been adapted for use within intranets. For two DNS servers to communicate across different subnets, the DNS Relay of the DES-3326 must be used. The DNS servers are identified by IP addresses.
Page 55: Dhcp Servers
IP address. For two DHCP servers to communicate across different subnets, the BOOTP/DHCP Relay of the DES-3326 must be used. The DHCP servers are identified by IP addresses. IP Routing IP handles the task of determining how packets will get from their source to their destination. This...
Page 56: Packet Fragmentation And Reassembly
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide For IP to work, the local system must be attached to a network. It is safe to assume that any system on this network can send packets to any other system, but when packets must cross other networks to reach a destination on a remote network, these packets must be handled by gateways (also called routers).
Page 57: Arp
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) determines the MAC address and IP address correspondence for a network device. A local computer will maintain an ARP cache that is a table of MAC addresses and the corresponding IP addresses.
Page 58 All IGRP Routers Mobile Agents DHCP Servers and Relay Agents All PIM Routers RSVP Encapsulation All CBT Routers Designated Sbm All Sbms VRRP Unassigned DVMRP on MOSPF Table 5-10. Reserved Multicast Address Assignment DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 59 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IGMP Versions 1 and 2 Users that want to receive multicast packets need to be able to join and leave multicast groups. This is accomplished using IGMP. The IGMP Type codes are shown below:...
Page 60: Multicast Routing Algorithms
Links (or branches) are chosen such that there is only one active path between any two routers. When a router receives a multicast packet, it forwards the DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-19. IGMP State Transitions...
Page 61 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide packet on all links except the one on which it was received. This guarantees that all routers in the network will receive a copy of the packet. The only information the router needs to store is whether a link is a part of the spanning tree (leads to a router) or not.
Page 62: Multicast Routing Protocols
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Multicast Routing Protocols This section contains an overview of two multicast routing protocols – Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), and Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM). The most commonly used routing protocol (not a multicast routing protocol), the Routing Information Protocol, is discussed in a later section.
Page 63 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Every 30 seconds, a router running RIP broadcasts a routing update containing a set of pairs of network addresses and a distance (represented by the number of hops or routers between the advertising router and the remote network).
Page 64 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-20. RIP v.1 Message Format...
Page 65 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The COMMAND field specifies an operation according the following table: Command The field VERSION contains the protocol version number (1 in this case), and is used by the receiver to verify which version of RIP the packet was sent from.
Page 66 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-21. RIP Message Format RIP version 2 also adds a 16-bit route tag that is retained and sent with router updates. It can be used to identify the origin of the route.
Page 67 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Link-State Algorithm An OSPF router uses a link-state algorithm to build a shortest path tree to all destinations known to the router. The following is a simplified description of the algorithm’s steps: 1.
Page 68 Router B 192.128.11.0 Router C 222.211.10.0 Figure 5-22. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree 128.213.0.0 Router B Router D Figure 5-23. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Router D Router A Router C 222.211.10.0...
Page 69 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 128.213.0.0 Figure 5-24. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree - Completed Note that this shortest path tree is only from the viewpoint of Router A. The cost of the link from Router B to Router A, for instance is not important to constructing Router A’s shortest path tree, but is very important when Router B is constructing its shortest path tree.
Page 70: Ospf Authentication
OSPF limits the number of link-state updates required between routers by defining areas within which a given router operates. When more than one area is configured, one area is designated as area 0 − also called the backbone. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 71: Virtual Links
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The backbone is at the center of all other areas − all areas of the network have a physical (or virtual) connection to the backbone through a router. OSPF allows routing information to be distributed by forwarding it into area 0, from which the information can be forwarded to all other areas (and all other routers) on the network.
Page 72: Designated Router Election
Any update that is sent will be put on the retransmission list until it gets acknowledged. • Full − The adjacency is now complete. The neighboring routers are fully adjacent. Adjacent routers will have the same link-state database. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 73 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Adjacencies on Point-to-Point Interfaces OSPF Routers that are linked using point-to-point interfaces (such as serial links) will always form adjacencies. The concepts of DR and BDR are unnecessary. OSPF Packet Formats All OSPF packet types begin with a standard 24-byte header and there are five packet types. The header is described first, and each packet type is described in a subsequent section.
Page 74 A detailed explanation of the receive processing for Hello packets, so that differences can inhibit the forming of neighbor relationships. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Description The OSPF version number The OSPF packet type.
Page 75 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The format of the Hello packet is shown below: Field Network Mask Options Hello Interval Router Priority Router Dead Interval Designated Router Backup Designated Router Neighbor Hello Packet Version No. Router ID...
Page 76 Description Packets. The initial value (indicated by the Initial bit being set) should be unique. The DD sequence number then increments until the complete database description has been sent. Table 5-15. Database Description Packet DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Options...
Page 77 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Link-State Request Packet Link-State Request packets are OSPF packet type 3. After exchanging Database Description packets with a neighboring router, a router may find that parts of its topological database are out of date. The Link-State Request packet is used to request the pieces of the neighbor’s database that are more up to...
Page 78 Link-State Advertisements ... Figure 5-30. Link-State Update Packet Link-State Acknowledgment Packet Router ID Area ID Checksum Authentication Type Authentication Authentication Link-State Advertisement Header ... Figure 5-31. Link-State Acknowledgement Packet DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Packet Length Packet Length...
Page 79 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Each acknowledged link-state advertisement is described by its link-state advertisement header. It contains all the information required to uniquely identify both the advertisement and the advertisement’s current instance. Link-State Advertisement Formats There are five distinct types of link-state advertisements. Each link-state advertisement begins with a standard 20-byte link-state advertisement header.
Page 80 Link State Age field. The length in bytes of the link state advertisement. This includes the 20-byte link state advertisement header. Table 5-16. Link-State Advertisement Header DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 81 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Reserved In router links advertisements, the Link State ID field is set to the router’s OSPF Router ID. The T – bit is set in the advertisement’s Option field if and only if the router is able to calculate a separate set of routes for each IP Type of Service (TOS).
Page 82 TOS 0. If no additional TOS metrics are given, this field should be set to 0. The cost of using this router link for TOS 0. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide This provides the key for...
Page 83 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Network Links Advertisements Network links advertisements are Type 2 link state advertisements. A network links advertisement is originated for each transit network in the area. A transit network is a multi-access network that has more than one attached router.
Page 84 The Type of Service that the following cost is relevant to. Metric Expressed in the same units as the interface costs in the router links advertisements. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Options Length Metric Description Type link...
Page 85 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Autonomous Systems External Link Advertisements Autonomous Systems (AS) link advertisements are Type 5 link state advertisements. These advertisements are originated by AS boundary routers. A separate advertisement is made for each destination known to the router that is external to the AS.
Page 86 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide External Route Tag A 32-bit field attached to each external route. This is not used by the OSPF protocol itself. Table 5-21. AS External System Advertisement...
Page 87: Configuring The Switch Using The Console Interface
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ONFIGURING THE The DES-3326 supports a console management interface that allows the user to connect to the switch’s management agent via a serial port and a terminal or a computer running a terminal emulation program.
Page 88: Defining Static Routes
Further, the static VLAN configuration is specified on a per port basis. On the DES-3326, a VLAN can consist of end-nodes – just like a traditional layer 2 switch, but a VLAN can also consist of a subnetwork defined by an IP interface address and a subnet mask.
Page 89 You can also access the same functions over a Telnet interface. Once you have set an IP address for your Switch, you can use a Telnet program (in VT-100 compatible terminal mode) to access and control the Switch. All of the screens are identical, whether accessed from the console port or from a Telnet interface.
Page 90: Creating User Accounts
Root-level user for the Switch. Creating User Accounts To create a new user account, highlight Setup User Accounts from the Main Menu and press Enter: DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-1. Initial Console screen Figure 6-2. Main Menu...
Page 91 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide User Accounts Management From the Main Menu, highlight Setup User Accounts and press Enter, then the Setup User Accounts menu appears. 1. Toggle the Action field to Add using the space bar. This will allow the addition of a new user.
Page 92 User Accounts View User Accounts Privilege Root User+ Read Only Read Only Read Only Firmware Ping only Table 6-1. Root, User+, and User Privileges DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide User Read Only Read Only Read Only Ping only...
Page 93: Saving Changes
To make the configuration effective after a switch restart, select Save Changes to enter the configuration into non-volatile (NV-RAM). The DES-3326 has two levels of memory: normal RAM and non-volatile or NV-RAM. Configuration changes are made effective by highlighting APPLY and pressing Enter. When this is done, the settings will be immediately applied to the switching software in RAM, and will immediately take effect.
Page 94 Load Factory Default Configuration Except IP Address and press enter. A confirmation screen will appear. Highlight Yes and press Enter to reset the switch’s NV-RAM to the factory default settings. This will erase any User Accounts (and all other configuration settings) you may have entered and return the switch to the state it was in when it was purchased.
Page 95: Viewing Current User Accounts
6. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the change effective. 7. You must enter the configuration changes into the non-volatile ram (NV-RAM) using Save Changes from the Main Menu if you want the configuration to be used after a switch reboot.
Page 96 3. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the deletion of the selected user take effect. 4. You must enter the configuration changes into the non-volatile ram (NV-RAM) using Save Changes from the Main Menu if you want the configuration to be used after a switch reboot.
Page 97: Setting Up The Switch
Highlight Switch Information from the Main Menu and press Enter: Figure 6-13. Switch Information screen The Switch Information shows the operation mode of switch (Layer 3 or Layer 2), which (if any) external modules are installed, and the switch’s MAC Address (assigned by the factory and unchangeable).
Page 98 Highlight the Subnet Mask field and enter the appropriate subnet mask. If you want to access the switch from a different subnet from the one it is installed on, highlight the Default Gateway field and enter the IP address of the gateway. If you will manage the switch from the subnet on which it is installed, you can leave the default address in this field.
Page 99 BOOTP protocol allows IP addresses, network masks, and default gateways to be assigned by a central BOOTP server. If this option is set, the Switch will first look for a BOOTP server to provide it with this information before using the default or previously entered settings.
Page 100 Management Station IP Settings field. If the three IP Address fields contain all zeros (“0”), then any station with any IP address can access the switch to manage and configure it. If there is one or more IP addresses entered in the IP Address field, then only stations with the IP addresses entered will be allowed to access the switch to manage or configure it.
Page 101: Configure Ports
Enter. This is a security feature that prevents unauthorized computers (with source MAC addresses unknown to the switch prior to locking the port (or ports)) from connecting to the switch’s locked ports and gaining access to the network.
Page 102 Flow Control: Auto Lock:<Disabled> Serial Port Settings The Serial Port Settings screen allows the configuration of the switch’s serial port and out-of-band TCP/IP communications using SLIP. Highlight Serial Port Settings and press Enter. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 103 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Toggle the Serial port setting field to select either the Console or SLIP protocol. The following fields can then be set: Console Settings Parameter Baud Rate Data bits Stop bits Auto-Logout SLIP Settings...
Page 104 MAC addresses (as in Layer 2 above). 802.1Q VLANs are supported and the switch is considered as a VLAN-tag aware device. The switch must be rebooted when changing the operation mode before the new mode can take effect. Changing the Switch Operation Mode To change the switch’s operating mode:...
Page 105 Figure 6-20. Switch Operation Mode screen The field Select switch operation mode can be toggled using the space bar to one of the two switch operation modes: Layer 2 Only, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs and IP Routing, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs.
Page 106 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-21. Change Mode Confirmation screen Type y and press Enter. The switch will then save the changes made during the current session and reboot. The switch must be rebooted to change the operation mode.
Page 107 Figure 6-23. Main Menu – Layer 3 IP Routing Mode This is the Main Menu when the switch is in Layer 3 mode. Note that the configuration functions necessary for Layer 3 operation have been added to the same Main Menu entries used for Layer 2 mode.
Page 108 VLANs (Layer 2 mode) and IP Routing, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs (Layer 3 mode). Highlight APPLY and press Enter. The switch will then reboot. When the switch finishes rebooting, it will be in the new operating mode. Configuration changes made while in the Layer 3 mode (and saved using Save Changes) will be saved while the switch is in Layer 2 mode.
Page 109 Networking menus − both of which are under the Advanced Setup heading of the Main Menu. To access the Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Settings screen, highlight Switch Settings from the Main Menu. Then highlight Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Settings on the Switch Settings menu and press Enter: between 10 and 1,000,000 seconds.
Page 110: Screen Hierarchy
The table is arranged starting with the name of the entry on the Main Menu. The sub-menus start with the name of the first menu, followed by the name of any sub-menus. The sub-menu names are indented. Some menus are available only when the switch is in IP Routing mode. These menus are shown in bold typeface.
Page 111 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Serial Port Settings Utilities Network Monitoring Save Changes Reboot Logout Spanning Tree Forwarding Filtering Priority Mirroring Multicasting Serial Port Settings Utilities Upgrade Firmware from TFTP Server Use Configuration File on TFTP Server...
Page 112: Advanced Setup
Advanced Setup Changing switch operation mode setting changes some of the menus and configuration options for the Advanced Setup of the switch. The configuration data for each mode is, however, saved when the switch’s operating mode is changed. Configuring VLANs The switch allows the assignment of an IP interface to each VLAN, in IP Routing mode.
Page 113 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The VLAN menu adds an entry to edit the VLAN definitions and to configure the port settings for IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support. Highlight VLANs from the Main Menu and press Enter. To create an 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Edit 802.1Q VLANs and press Enter:...
Page 114 32-bit tag associated with the PVID (Port VLAN Identifier – see below). When a tagged packet exits the port, the packet header is unchanged. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 115 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In the following example screen, the VLAN “evilJulius” - VID# 2 – has been added. Ports 1, 2, 12, 14, 17, 25, and 26 are Egress ports (static members of “evilJulius”. Ports 5, 6, and 7 are Forbidden ports (non-members and are not allowed to join the VLAN “evilJulius”...
Page 116 VLAN. Group Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) − this enables the port to dynamically become a member of a multicast group. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide – classification...
Page 117 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To configure a port’s 802.1Q VLAN settings: Highlight the Configure Port from [ ] to [ ] field and enter the range of port numbers you want to configure. As an alternative you can use the arrow keys to highlight the PVID# field and enter the PVID for the VLAN’s member ports you want to configure.
Page 118 System (default) Engineering Marketing Finance Sales Backbone DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch Ports 5, 6, 7, 8, 21, 22, 23, 24 9, 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15, 16 17, 18, 19, 20 1, 2, 3, 4...
Page 119 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In this case, 6 IP interfaces are required, so a CIDR notation of 10.32.0.0/11 (or a 11-bit) addressing scheme will work. This 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 (binary) or 255.224.0.0 (decimal). Using a 10.xxx.xxx.xxx IP address notation, the above example would give 6 network addresses and 6 subnets.
Page 120 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-36. Setup Layer 3 – IP Networking menu Highlight Setup IP Interface and press Enter. Figure 6-37. Layer 3 – IP Networking Menu Toggle the Action field to Add/Modify. Choose a name for the interface to be added and enter it in the Interface Name field.
Page 121: Layer 3 Ip Networking
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Action:<Add/Modify > Interface Name:[ IP Address:[ Subnet Mask:[ Active:<Yes> VID:[ ] Layer 3 IP Networking To access the Layer 3 IP Networking menus, highlight Layer 3 IP Networking from the Main Menu and press Enter.
Page 122 Layer 3 IP − Networking menu and press Enter. The RIP Configuration menu allows RIP to be globally enabled and disabled on the switch without changing its configuration. Toggle the RIP Status field between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar.
Page 123 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface name: TX Mode <Disabled> RX Mode <Disabled> Authentication: Disabled Password: Setup Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) MD5 Key Table Configuration To access the MD5 Key Table Configuration screen, highlight MD5 Key Table Configuration on the menu above, and press Enter.
Page 124 To access the Setup RIP Configuration menu, highlight Setup RIP Configuration from the Setup Layer 3 IP − Networking menu and press Enter. The RIP Configuration menu allows RIP to be globally enabled and disabled on the switch without changing its configuration.
Page 125 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface name:[System TX Mode<Disabled> Mode<Disabled> Authentication: Password: Figure 6-43. Setup RIP screen Description The name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup. This...
Page 126 On the Setup OSPF menu itself, an OSPF Router ID for the switch is entered. This is a 32-bit number (in the form of an IP address) that uniquely identifies the switch as an OSPF router on the network.
Page 127 Stub areas do not allow the LSDB advertisement of external routes. Stub areas use a default summary external route (0.0.0.0) to reach external destination. To configure the OSPF areas for the switch, highlight OSPF Area Setting on the Setup OSPF menu and press Enter.
Page 128 Displays the default cost for the route to the stub of between 0 and 65,535. The default is None (0). Figure 6-46. OSPF Interface Configuration screen DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 129 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface Name:[System ] Area ID:[0.0.0.0] Router Priority:[1] Hello Interval:[10 ] Dead Interval:[40 ] State:<Disabled> Auth. Type:<None> Auth. Key:[ ] Metric:[1 Description Allows the entry of the name of an IP interface previously configured on the switch.
Page 130 Stub Area or a Backbone. The OSPF router ID for the remote router. This is a 32-bit number in form (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) identifies the remote area’s Area Border Router. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Description remote area with backbone address...
Page 131 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Status Area Aggregation Configuration Area Aggregation allows all of the routing information that may be contained within an area to be aggregated into a summary LSDB advertisement of just the network address and subnet mask. This allows for a reduction in the volume of LSDB advertisement traffic as well as a reduction in the memory overhead in the switch used to maintain routing tables.
Page 132 This information is then exchanged among the various routers according to the individual routers current routing protocol. The DES-3326 can redistribute routing information between the OSPF and RIP routing protocols to all routers on the network that are running OSPF or RIP.
Page 133: Multicasting
Metric:[ Multicasting Layer 2 Multicast Setup To setup Multicasting on the switch, when the switch is in Layer 2 operating mode, highlight Multicasting from the Main Menu and press Enter. IGMP Snooping Settings To configure IGMP Snooping, highlight IGMP Snooping Settings from the Multicasting Menu and press Enter.
Page 134 To configure IGMP Snooping: Toggle the Switch IGMP Snooping field to Enabled. Toggle the Querier State field to the appropriate choice between Non-Querier, V1-Querier, and V2-Querier to determine the version of IGMP that is used in your network. A value between 2 and 255 can be entered for the Robustness Variable (default is 2).
Page 135 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-52. Setup IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding screen When the switch is in Layer 2 operating mode, IEEE 802.1Q multicast forwarding allows the static entry of multicast MAC addresses, which will be sources of multicast packets, and switch port numbers, to which these multicast packets will be forwarded.
Page 136 IGMP reports or implement IGMP snooping, a multicast router connected to the router port of the Layer 3 switch would not be able to receive UDP data streams unless the UDP multicast packets were all forwarded to the router port.
Page 137 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Multicasting When the switch is in IP Routing mode, several functions supporting IP multicasting are added to the Multicasting menu. These additional functions can be configured under the IP Multicasting Settings menu.
Page 138 – Dense Mode (PIMDM), Distance Vector Multicasting Protocol (DVMRP), (inactive). INACT is not a multicast routing protocol. It is used to make a given interface Multicast routing yet can still route IP traffic. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Routing INACT inactive...
Page 139: Igmp Interface Configuration
IGMP Interface Configuration This menu allows the configuration of IGMP for each IP interface configured on the switch. IGMP can be configured as Version 1 or 2 by toggling the Ver field. The length of time between queries can be varied by entering a value between 1 and 65,535 seconds in the Query field.
Page 140 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide name entered above. DVMRP To configure DVMRP for an IP interface, highlight DVMRP Interface Configuration from the Setup IP Multicast menu and press Enter. Figure 6-58. DVMRP Interface Configuration screen This menu allows the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol to be configured for each IP interface defined on the switch.
Page 141 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface Name: NBR Report Timer:[35 Route Cost:[1 ] State:<Disabled> IP Address: Probe Interval: [10 ] PIM-DM To configure PIMDM for an IP interface: Highlight PIMDM Interface Configuration from the Setup IP Multicast menu and press Enter.
Page 142: Port Mirroring
This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar, and is used to enable or disable PIM-DM for the IP interface. The default is Disabled. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide This must seconds interval...
Page 143 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-60. Mirroring Menu To select the target port, highlight Target Port Selection and press Enter. Figure 6-61. Target Port Selection screen The target port is the port where information will be duplicated and sent for capture and network analysis.
Page 144: Priority
Target port. This field can be toggled between Either, Ingress and Egress. Ingress mirrors only received packets, while Egress mirrors packets. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide only transmitted...
Page 145 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Action:<Add/Modify> VID:[1 ] MAC Address:[ Priority Level:<Low> Source/Destination: <Src.> Figure 6-63. Setup MAC Address Priority screen Description This field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar.
Page 146: Filtering
When the switch is in Layer 2 Only operating mode, MAC addresses can be entered into the static filtering table. The switch can be configured to filter packets from this MAC address (a source), or to it (a destination). The switch can also be configured to filter all packets to or from this MAC address...
Page 147 <Scr.> Layer 3 (IP Routing) Filtering With the switch configured to Layer 3 Operation mode, both MAC and IP addresses can be entered into the filtering table, using their respective entry menus. To enter an address, highlight Filtering from the Main Menu and press Enter.
Page 148: Forwarding
IP Address:[ Source/Destination: <Scr.> Forwarding Layer 2 Forwarding To enter a MAC address into the switch’s forwarding table highlight Forwarding from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-67. Setup IP Address Filtering screen Description This field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar.
Page 149 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight MAC Address Forwarding from the Forwarding Menu and press Enter. The following fields can be set: Parameter Action:<Add/Modify> VID:[ ] MAC Address:[ Port: [ Figure 6-68. Forwarding Menu – Layer 2 Figure 6-69.
Page 150 IP Forwarding Static/Default Routes With the switch in Layer 3 Operation mode, entries into the switch’s forwarding table can be made using both MAC addresses and IP addresses. Static IP forwarding is accomplished by the entry of an IP address into the Static IP Routing table.
Page 151: Spanning Tree
IP Address:[ MAC Address:[ Spanning Tree Switch Spanning Tree Settings To globally configure STP on the switch highlight Spanning Tree on the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-71. Setup Static ARP Entries screen Description The field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar.
Page 152 The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) operates on two levels: on the switch level, the settings are globally implemented. On the port level, the settings are implemented on a per user-defined Group basis. The factory default setting should cover the majority of installations. It is advisable to keep the default settings as set at the factory;...
Page 153 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Hello Time cannot be longer than the Max. Age. Otherwise, a configuration error will occur. Observe the following formulas when setting the above parameters: Max. Age ≤ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second) Max.
Page 154: Link Aggregation
In addition to setting Spanning Tree parameters for use on the switch level, the DES-3326 allows for the configuration of groups of ports, each port-group of which will have its own spanning tree, and will require some of its own configuration settings. An STP Group will use the switch-level parameters entered above, with the addition of Port Priority and Port Cost.
Page 155 – to the backbone of a network. The DES-3326 allows the creation of up to 6 link aggregation groups, each group consisting of up of up to 8 links (ports). The aggregated links must be contiguous (they must have sequential port numbers) except the two (optional) Gigabit ports –...
Page 156: Spanning Tree
The following figures and tables describe the configuration of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on the switch. Configure Spanning Tree To configure the spanning tree protocol on the switch, highlight Spanning Tree from the Main Menu and press Enter. Description This field can be toggled between any one of the six possible link aggregation groups configurable on the switch.
Page 157 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Status:<Enabled> Enabled Max Age Hello Time Forward Delay Priority 32,768 STP Group Default :<Default> Default Description Allows the STP to be globally Enabled or Disabled on the switch.
Page 158 Create Spanning Tree Groups The DES-3326 switch allows you to configure Spanning Tree Groups that consist of a group of ports that will be handled as though they were a single spanning tree device. The following figures and tables describe how to configure a spanning tree group.
Page 159: Utilities
Port Cost:[19 ] Priority:[128] Utilities Layer 2 Switch Utilities To access the Switch Utilities menu, highlight Utilities from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-78. Port Spanning Tree Settings screen Description Allows the selection of groups of ports to view. Can be toggled between 1 to 12, 13 to 24, and Slot-1.
Page 160 TFTP server to the switch. A configuration file can also be loaded into the switch from a TFTP server, switch settings can be saved to the TFTP server, and a history log can be uploaded from the switch to the TFTP server.
Page 161 To download a switch configuration file from a TFTP server, select Use Configuration File on TFTP Server and press Enter. Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and specify the location of the switch configuration file on the TFTP server.
Page 162: Testing Connectivity With Ping
Highlight START and press Enter to initiate the ping program. Layer 3 Utilities Layer 3 (IP Routing) switch operation mode adds BOOTP Relay and DNS Relay to the utilities available on the switch. Figure 6-83. Save Log to TFTP Server screen Figure 6-84.
Page 163 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide BOOTP/DHCP Relay To enter the IP addresses of BOOTP or DHCP servers (for the BOOTP/DHCP Relay service): Highlight Utilities on the Main Menu and press Enter. Next, highlight BOOTP/DHCP Relay on the Switch Utilities menu and press Enter.
Page 164 BOOTP or DHCP servers reside. Displays corresponding to the subnet name entered above. Allows the entry of IP addresses for up to four BOOTP or DHCP servers. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide BOOTP/DHCP Relay address Interface...
Page 165 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter DNSR <Disabled> Name Server:[1][2] DNSR Status:<Disabled> DNSR Static Table Lookup Status:<Disabled> To make a static DNS table entry: Select Static table configuration on the DNS Relay menu and press Enter.
Page 166 Figure 6-88. DNS Relay – Static table configuration screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Action:<Add/Edit> Domain Name IP Address Status:<Enabled> DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Description The Action field can be toggled between Add/Edit and Delete. Enter Domain name corresponding IP address.
Page 167: Network Monitoring
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Network Monitoring The DES-3326 provides extensive network monitoring capabilities that can be viewed under Network Monitoring Menu from the Main Menu. Network monitoring on the switch is divided into Layer 2 and Layer 3 functions, depending upon which operating mode the switch is in.
Page 168 Parameter Port Interval:<2 sec> TX/sec RX/sec %Util DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-90. Port Utilization screen Description The switch’s port number. The time between updates received from the switch. Suspend stops the updates. The default is 2 seconds.
Page 169 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port Error Packets The Packet Error Statistic screen displays the packet errors that the switch can detect and displays the results on a per port basis. To view the error statistics for a port: Highlight Port Error Packets on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
Page 170 An estimate of the total number of collisions on this network segment. Port Packet Analysis The Packet Analysis screen displays the size of packets received or transmitted by a given switch port. In addition, statistics on the number and rate of unicast, multicast, and broadcast packets received by the switch are displayed.
Page 171 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To view an analysis of packets received or transmitted by a port: Highlight Port Packet Analysis on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Parameter Interval:<2 sec> Frames Frames/sec Unicast RX Multicast RX...
Page 172 Enter. GVRP This allows the GVRP status for each of the switch’s ports to be viewed by VLAN. The GVRP status screen displays the ports on the switch that are currently Egress or Untagged ports.
Page 173: Browse Router Port
(using the console or Web-based management interfaces) is displayed as a static router port, designated by S. A router port that is dynamically configured by the switch is designated by To view the Router Port table: Highlight Browse Router Port from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
Page 174: Igmp Snooping
Figure 6-96. Browse Router Port screen The Jump to VID field allows the entry of any VLAN ID (VID) of any VLAN defined on the switch. Enter the VID, highlight GO and press Enter. The table will then jump to the VID entered.
Page 175: Switch History
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch History This allows the Switch History Log to be viewed. The switch records all traps, in sequence, that identify events on the switch. The time since the last cold start of the switch is also recorded.
Page 176: Routing Table
To view the contents of the IP Routing table: Highlight Routing Table on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-99. Network Monitoring Menu – Layer 3 Figure 6-100. Browse IP Address Table – Layer 3 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 177 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To display a particular Destination IP address, enter either the IP address in the Jump to Destination Address field, the gateway address in the Gateway field and the subnet mask in the Mask field, highlight GO, and press Enter.
Page 178 To view the Monitor LSDB Table: Highlight OSPF LSDB Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-102. Browse ARP Table screen Figure 6-103. Default IP Address screen DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 179 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields are displayed: Parameter Area ID Allows the entry of an OSPF Area ID. This Area ID will then be used to search the table, and display an entry − if there is one.
Page 180 For example, 255.0.0.0 is displayed as FF000000. Displays the routing metric associated with the link. Displays a sequence number corresponding to number of times the current link has been advertised as changed. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 181 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP Multicast Forwarding Table To view the IP multicast forwarding table: Highlight IP Multicast Forwarding Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-106. Browse IP Multicast Forwarding Table screen...
Page 182: Load Factory Defaults
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To display a particular multicast group, enter either the IP address in the Jump to Interface Name field, enter the multicast group IP address in the Multicast Group field, highlight GO, and press Enter.
Page 183 Highlight one of the two Load Factory Default Configuration entries and press Enter. A confirmation screen will appear. Press Y for Yes and press Enter. The factory defaults for the DES-3326 are listed in Appendix D of this manual. Reboot The DES-3326 has several reboot options.
Page 184 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-111. System Reboot Confirmation screen To reboot the switch, in the mode entered above, highlight Yes and press Enter.
Page 185: Web-Based Network Management
Layer 2 Only mode. Before You Start The DES-3326 Layer 3 Switch supports a wide array of functions and gives great flexibility and increased network performance by eliminating the routing bottleneck between the WAN or Internet and the Intranet. Its function in a network can be thought of as a new generation of router that performs routing functions in hardware, rather than software.
Page 186: Vlan Layout
Layer 3 VLANs must be configured on the switch before they can be assigned IP interfaces. Further, the static VLAN configuration is specified on a per port basis. On the DES-3326, a VLAN can consist of end-nodes – just like a traditional layer 2 switch, but a VLAN can also consist of one or more layer 2 switches –...
Page 187: Defining Static Routes
Defining Static Routes Routes between the IP interfaces and a default gateway or other router with a WAN connection should be determined beforehand and entered into the static/default routing table on the DES-3326. Getting Started The first step in getting started in using web-based management for your Switch is to secure a browser.
Page 188 After establishing a User Account with Root-level privileges, click Save Changes on the Maintenance menu and then click Save Configuration (see below). The switch will save any changes to its non- volatile ram and reboot. You can logon again and are now ready to continue configuring the switch.
Page 189: Saving Changes
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Saving Changes The DES-3326 has two levels of memory; normal RAM and non-volatile or NV-RAM. Configuration changes are made effective by clickng Apply. When this is done, the settings will be immediately applied to the switching software in RAM, and will immediately take effect.
Page 190: Using Web-Based Management
The default gateway parameter defines the IP address of a router or other network device to which IP packets are to be sent if destined for an interface outside of that in which the switch is operating. This parameter must be set if you are attempting to manage the switch from a remote network or across the Internet.
Page 191: Setting The Administrator Password
(Preferred browsers include Opera, Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above.) 2. Enter the IP address for the switch you want to manage in the URL field of the browser. 3. The screen below will appear, prompting you to enter the user name and password for management access.
Page 192 3. To stop the web-based manager, close the Web browser application. Web-based Manager’s User Interface The user interface provides access to various switch configuration and management screens, allows you to view performance statistics, and permits you to graphically monitor system status.
Page 193: Configuring And Monitoring
Presents switch information based on your selection and the entry of configuration data. CONFIGURING AND MONITORING This section, arranged by topic, describes how to perform common monitoring and configuration tasks on a DES-3326 switch using the Web-based Manager, you can perform any of the tasks described in the following sections. Screen Hierarchy The contents of this chapter are arranged following the structure shown in the tables below.
Page 194 Browse Router Port IGMP Snooping Table Switch History Maintenance Update Firmware from Server User Configuration File on Server Save Settings to Server Save History Log to Server Save Changes Factory Reset Restart System DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Menus...
Page 195 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following table shows the relationship between the links and the configuration menus when the switch is in IP Routing (Layer 3) mode. Menus and screens added when the switch is in IP Routing mode are shown in italics.
Page 196: Basic Setup
Maintenance Setting Up The Switch Basic Setup This section will help prepare the Switch user by describing the Switch Information – Basic Settings, IP Address, Configure Port, and Switch Settings windows. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide MAC Filtering...
Page 197 The IP Routing mode requires a manual entry of the IP address and subnet mask. The Switch needs to have an IP address assigned to it so that an In-Band network management system (for example, the Web Manager or Telnet) client can find it on the network. The IP Address window allows you to change the settings for the Ethernet interface used for in-band communication.
Page 198 Enter the appropriate IP address and subnet mask. If you want to access the switch from a different interface from the one it is installed on, enter the IP address of the gateway. If you will manage the switch from the interface on which it is installed, you can leave the default address in this field.
Page 199 The DHCP protocol allows IP addresses, network masks, and default gateways to be assigned by a DHCP server. If this option is set, the switch will first look for a DHCP server to provide it with this information before using the default or previously entered settings.
Page 200 SNMP Settings Some settings must be entered to allow the switch to be managed from an SNMP-based Network Management System such as SNMP v1 or to be able to access the Switch using the Telnet protocol or the Web Manager.
Page 201 Click the Configure Ports link on the Configuration menu: Figure 7-13. Configure Port window Click on the port you want to configure on the DES-3326 Switch front panel display at the top of the Web page. Use the State pull-down menu to either enable or disable a given port.
Page 202 <Auto> Flow Control: Auto Lock <Disabled> Serial Port Settings The Serial Port Settings window allows the configuration of the switch’s serial port and out-of-band TCP/IP communications using SLIP. Click on the Serial Port Settings link on the Management menu. Description Toggle the State field to either enable or disable a given port.
Page 203 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Use the Select Protocol pull-down menu to select either the Console or the SLIP protocol. The following fields can then be set: Console Settings Parameter Baud Rate Data Bits Stop Bits Auto-Logout...
Page 204: Switch Operation Mode
Remote IP Address Switch Operation Mode Putting the switch in IP Routing mode does not – by itself – enable IP routing. The switch must be configured to use IP interfaces before it is capable of IP routing. The switch can operate in one of two modes: 1.
Page 205: Switch Settings
Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs and IP Routing, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. To make a change in the operation mode of the switch effective, click Apply. The switch will then save the changes made during the current session and reboot. The switch must be rebooted to change the operation mode.
Page 206 Allows the Group Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) to be globally Enabled or Disabled on the switch. Description Allows the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) to be Enabled or Disabled globally on the DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 207 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide PIM-DM state <Disabled> switch. Allows the Protocol Independent Multicast − Dense Mode (PIM-DM) multicast routing protocol to be Enabled or Disabled globally on the switch.
Page 208: Advanced Setup
Advanced Setup Changing switch operation mode setting changes some of the menus and configuration options for the Advanced Setup of the switch. The configuration data for each mode is, however, saved when the switch’s operating mode is changed. Configuring VLANs The switch allows the assignment of an IP interface to each VLAN, in IP Routing mode.
Page 209 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-20. 802.1Q Static VLANs Entry Settings – Edit window The following fields can then be set: Parameter VLAN ID (VID) Port Egress Forbidden Choose which ports will be members of the new VLAN and enter their membership status in the Port field.
Page 210 #2 will be assigned to VLAN 3. This number is generally same as the VID# number assigned to the port in the Edit 802.1Q VLANs menu above. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Identifier that used make...
Page 211 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Go to the Configuration menu, select VLANs, choose 802.1Q Port Settings, and then click Port Ingress Filter: The following field can be set: Parameter Ingress <Disable> Each port can be configured to use the Group VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP).
Page 212 VLAN. Figure 7-24. Port GMRP Settings window Description Group Multicast Protocol (GMRP) enables the port to dynamically become a member of a multicast group. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Registration Registration...
Page 213 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide An example is presented below: VLAN Name System (default) Engineer Marketing Finance Sales Backbone In this case, 6 IP interfaces are required, so a CIDR notation of 10.32.0.0/11 (or a 11-bit) addressing...
Page 214 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-25. Setup IP Interface window To setup an new IP interface, click the New icon: Figure 7-26. Setup IP Interface – Add window To edit an existing IP interface, click on the Hand icon: Figure 7-27.
Page 215: Layer 3 Ip Networking
To access the RIP State window, select RIP State (Configuration − Configure Layer 3 – IP Networking − RIP Settings − RIP State). This window allows RIP to be globally enabled and disabled on the switch without changing its configuration.
Page 216 <Disabled> RX Mode <Disabled> Password Authentication DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-29. Setup RIP window Figure 7-30. Setup RIP – Edit window Description The name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup. This...
Page 217 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide OSPF MD5 Key Table Configuration The MD5 Key Table Configuration menu allows the entry of a 16-character Message Digest − version 5 (MD5) key that can be used to authenticate every packet exchanged between OSPF routers. It is used as a security mechanism to limit the exchange of network topology information to the OSPF routing domain.
Page 218 AS Border Router. Allows OSPF disabled globally without changing configuration. Figure 7-33. OSPF Area Setting window DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide that address would address Route displayed user when enabled...
Page 219 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Area ID Type Stub Import Sum. Stub Default Cost Remove OSPF Interface Configuration A 32-bit number in the form of an IP address (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx)
Page 220 Key as used by the neighboring router. This field allows the entry of a number between 1 and 65,535 that is representative of the OSPF cost of reaching the selected OSPF interface. The default metric is 1. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Table...
Page 221: Area Aggregation Configuration
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Transit Area ID Neighbor Router Status Area Aggregation Configuration Area Aggregation allows all of the routing information that may be contained within an area to be aggregated into a summary LSDB advertisement of just the network address and subnet mask.
Page 222 This information is then exchanged among the various routers according to the individual routers current routing protocol. The DES-3326 can redistribute routing information between the OSPF and RIP routing protocols to all routers on the network that are running OSPF or RIP.
Page 223: Multicasting
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Source Protocol Dest. Protocol Metric Type Metric Multicasting Layer 2 Multicast Setup The following menus are used to setup the switch’s Layer 2 multicasting features.
Page 224 A value between 2 and 255 can be entered, with larger values being specified for sub-networks that are expected to lose larger numbers of packets. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide specifies...
Page 225 Click the IEEE802.1Q Multicast Forwarding link on the Multicasting menu: Figure 7-39. Setup IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding window When the switch is in Layer 2 operating mode, IEEE 802.1Q multicast forwarding allows the static entry of multicast MAC addresses, which will be sources of multicast packets, and switch port numbers, to which these multicast packets will be forwarded.
Page 226 IGMP reports or implement IGMP snooping, a multicast router connected to the router port of the Layer 3 switch would not be able to receive UDP data streams unless the UDP multicast packets were all forwarded to the router port.
Page 227 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Multicasting When the switch is in IP Routing mode, several functions supporting IP multicasting are added to the Multicasting menu. Multicast Interface Configuration To setup IP multicasting on the switch:...
Page 228 IGMP Settings This menu allows the configuration of IGMP for each IP interface configured on the switch. IGMP can be configured as Version 1 or 2 by toggling the Version field using the pull-down menu. The length of time between queries can be varied by entering a value between 1 and 65,535 seconds in the Query field.
Page 229 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide DVMRP Settings To configure DVMRP for an IP interface: Click the DVMRP Settings link on the IP Multicasting menu: Figure 7-44. DVMRP Interface Configuration window This menu allows the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol to be configured for each IP interface defined on the switch.
Page 230 The default cost is 1. This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled and enables or disables DVMRP for the IP interface. The default is Disabled. Figure 7-45. PIM-DM Interface Configuration window DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Description...
Page 231: Port Mirroring
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM) protocol should be used in networks with a low delay (low latency) and high bandwidth as PIM-DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets, not to reduce overhead.
Page 232 Target port. This field can be toggled between Either, Ingress and Egress. Ingress mirrors only received packets, while Egress mirrors packets. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide only transmitted...
Page 233: Priority
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Priority To configure a forwarding priority for a given MAC address: Click the Priority link on the Configuration menu: The following fields can be set: Parameter MAC Address Level <Low> State <Src>...
Page 234: Filtering
When the switch is in Layer 2 Only operating mode, MAC addresses can be entered into the static filtering table. The switch can be configured to filter packets from this MAC address (a source), or to it (a destination). The switch can also be configured to filter all packets to or from this MAC address (either a source or a destination).
Page 235 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Address <0.0.0.0> State <DstAddr> Forwarding Layer 2 Forwarding To enter a MAC address into the switch’s forwarding table: Select Forwarding on the Configuration menu, choose MAC Forwarding, and click MAC Address Forwarding: Figure 7-50.
Page 236 Port IP Forwarding With the switch in Layer 3 Operation mode, entries into the switch’s forwarding table can be made using both MAC addresses and IP addresses. Static IP forwarding is accomplished by the entry of an IP address into the Static IP Routing table.
Page 237 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter IP Address <0.0.0.0> Subnet Mask <0.0.0.0> Gateway IP <0.0.0.0> Metric <1 > Static ARP To make a static ARP entry: Click the Static ARP link on the IP Forwarding menu (under Configuration − Forwarding): To delete an existing static ARP entry, click the Delete icon corresponding to the entry you want to delete.
Page 238: Spanning Tree
To globally configure STP on the switch, select Spanning Tree Protocol on the Configuration menu and then click STP Switch Settings. The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) operates on two levels: on the switch level, the settings are globally implemented. On the port level, the settings are implemented on a per user-defined Group basis.
Page 239 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Spanning Tree Protocol <Enabled> Max Age: (6 .. 40 sec) <20 > Hello Time: (1 .. 10 sec) < 2 > Forward Delay: (4 .. 30 sec) <15 >...
Page 240 Figure 7-60. STP Port Settings window In addition to setting Spanning Tree parameters for use on the switch level, the DES-3326 allows for the configuration of groups of ports, each port-group of which will have its own spanning tree, and will require some of its own configuration settings.
Page 241: Link Aggregation
– to the backbone of a network. The DES-3326 allows the creation of up to 6 link aggregation groups, each group consisting of up of up to 8 links (ports). The aggregated links must be contiguous (they must have sequential port numbers) except the two (optional) Gigabit ports –...
Page 242: Utilities
If two redundant link aggregation groups are configured on the switch, STP will block one entire group – in the same way STP will block a single port that has a redundant link.
Page 243 Click the Use Configuration File on Server on the Maintenance menu: Figure 7-63. Use Configuration File on Server window Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and specify the location of the switch configuration file on the TFTP server.
Page 244 Click Apply to make the changes current. Click Start to initiate the file transfer. Layer 3 Utilities Layer 3 (IP Routing) switch operation mode adds BOOTP Relay and DNS Relay to the utilities available on the switch. BOOTP/DHCP Relay...
Page 245 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter BOOTP/DHCP Relay Status <Disabled> BOOTP HOPS Count Limit [4 ] BOOTP/DHCP Relay Time Threshold [0 ] To configure the BOOTP/DHCP Relay interface: Click the BOOTP/DHCP Relay link and then the Static Setup link: Figure 7-67.
Page 246 DNS cache will be enabled on the switch. This field can be toggled using the Lookup pull-down menu between Disabled and Enabled. This determines if the static DNS table will be used or not. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Description domain name server...
Page 247: Network Monitoring
<0.0.0.0> Status <Enabled> Network Monitoring The DES-3326 provides extensive network monitoring capabilities that can be viewed from the under Network Monitoring menu. Network monitoring on the switch is divided into Layer 2 and Layer 3 functions, depending upon which operating mode the switch is in. Layer 2 network monitoring functions are visible on the console when the switch is in Layer 2 Only operating mode.
Page 248: Port Utilization
Click the Port Utilization link on the Statistics menu under Network Monitoring: Select the desired port by clicking on the front panel display. The Update Interval field sets the interval at which the error statistics are updated. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-70. Port Utilization window...
Page 249: Port Error Statistics
Interval <Suspend> Port Error Statistics The Port Error Packet Statistics window displays the packet errors that the switch can detect and displays the results on a per port basis. To view the error statistics for a port: Click the Port Error Packets link on the Statistics menu under Network Monitoring: Select the desired port by clicking on the front panel display.
Page 250 Late Collisions. The number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet. Excessive Collisions. The number of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Description...
Page 251 Coll. Port Packet Analysis The Port Packet Analysis window displays the size of packets received or transmitted by a given switch port. In addition, statistics on the number and rate of unicast, multicast, and broadcast packets received by the switch are displayed.
Page 252 TX Frames Browse MAC Address Sequentially This allows the switch’s dynamic MAC address forwarding table to be viewed. When the switch learns an association between a MAC address and a port number, it makes an entry into its forwarding table.
Page 253 Figure 7-73. Browse Address Table – sequential window GVRP This allows the GVRP status for each of the switch’s ports to be viewed by VLAN. The GVRP status screen displays the ports on the switch that are currently Egress or Untagged ports.
Page 254 (using the console or Web-based management interfaces) is displayed as a static router port, designated by S. A router port that is dynamically configured by the switch is designated by To view the Router Port table: Click the Browse Router Port link on the Applications menu: S signifies a static router port, configured by the user.
Page 255 Figure 7-77. IGMP Snooping Table window Switch History This allows the Switch History Log to be viewed. The switch records all traps, in sequence, that identify events on the switch. The time since the last cold start of the switch is also recorded.
Page 256 The following items are added to the Network Monitoring menu when the switch is in Layer 3 (IP Routing) mode: Address Table • Browse IP Address Sequentially • Routing Table • ARP Table • Default IP Table • OSPF LSDB Table •...
Page 257 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields are displayed: Parameter Destination Address Mask Gateway Jump Interface Name Hops Protocol ARP Table To view the ARP table: Click the ARP Table link on the Address Table on Networking Monitor:...
Page 258 Figure 7-81. Default IP Address window OSPF Link State Database Table The switch maintains two OSPF Link State Databases (LSDB) − Internal and External. The Internal LSDB describes the Link State Advertisements (LSA) for OSPF Antonymous Systems (AS). The External LSDB describes the LSAa for those ASs not belonging to OSPF.
Page 259 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Area ID Displays the OSPF Area ID. Advertise Displays the Advertising Router’s ID. Router ID LSDB Type Displays which one of four types of link advertisements by which the current link was discovered by the switch −...
Page 260 The originating router's Router ID. The IP interface address of the network's Designated Router. The destination network's IP address. The Router ID of the described AS boundary router. Figure 7-84. IP Multicast Forwarding Table window DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 261 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IGMP Group Table To view the IGMP Group table: Click the IGMP Group Table link: To display a particular multicast group, enter either the IP address in the Interface Name field, enter the multicast group IP address in the Multicast Group field, highlight GO, and press Enter.
Page 262: Technical Specifications
Type A1a - 50/125um multimode Type A1b - 62.5/125um multimode Both types use MTRJ or SC optical connector Number of Ports: 24 x 10/100 Mbps NWay ports 2 Gigabit Ethernet (optional) DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide PECIFICATIONS Full-duplex 20Mbps 200Mbps 2000Mbps...
Page 263: Physical And Environmental
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide AC inputs: Power Consumption: DC fans: Operating Temperature: Storage Temperature: Humidity: Dimensions: Weight: EMI: Safety: Transmission Method: RAM Buffer: Filtering Address Table: Packet Filtering/ Forwarding Rate: MAC Address Learning: Forwarding Table Age...
Page 264: Sample Configuration File
The configuration file is a simple text file that you create. It has two functions: to point to the location of a file on a TFTP server, and to set the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for the switch. The...
Page 265 The Config image file, which contains all configuration settings and was created by the switch is prefixed with the version number of the runtime software to help with file management.
Page 266: Runtime Switching Software Default Settings
Forwarding table aging time Nway Flow control Broadcast storm rising threshold Community string VLAN mode SNMP VLAN(802.1Q) Default port VID Ingress rule checking Mirror DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide WITCHING EFAULT Ethernet Layer 2 Disable Disable None None 9600 Console 10.90.90.90...
Page 267: Understanding And Troubleshooting The Spanning Tree Protocol
BPDUs with other switches. This will determine which switch in the network is the best choice for the root switch. If there is only one switch on the network, no BPDU exchange occurs, the forward delay timer expires, and the ports move to the listening state. All STP enabled ports enter the blocking state following switch boot.
Page 268: Listening State
The listening state is the first transition for a port from the blocking state. Listening is an opportunity for the switch to receive BPDUs that may tell the switch that the port should not continue to transition to the forwarding state, but should return to the blocking state (that is, a different port is a better choice).
Page 269: Learning State
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Learning State A port in the learning state prepares to participate in frame forwarding. The port enters the learning state from the listening state. A port in the learning state does the following: •...
Page 270: Forwarding State
Forwards packets sent from another port on the switch for forwarding. • Incorporates station location information into its address database. • Receives BPDUs and directs them to the system CPU. • Receives and responds to network management messages. DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide...
Page 271: Disabled State
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Disabled State A port in the disabled state does not participate in frame forwarding or STP. A port in the disabled state is virtually non-operational. A disabled port does the following: •...
Page 272: Troubleshooting Stp
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Troubleshooting STP Spanning Tree Protocol Failure A failure in the STA generally leads to a bridging loop. A bridging loop in an STP environment comes from a port that should be in the blocking state, but is forwarding packets.
Page 273: Full/Half Duplex Mismatch
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In this example, B has been elected as the designated bridge and port 2 on C is in the blocking state. The election of B as the designated bridge is determined by the exchange of BPDUs between B and C. B had a better BPDU than C.
Page 274: Unidirectional Link
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In the above example, port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port and port 1 on A is either configured as a half-duplex port, or left in auto-negotiation mode. Because port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port, it does not do the carrier sense when accessing the link.
Page 275: Packet Corruption
Resource Errors The DES-3326 Layer 3 switch performs its switching and routing functions primarily in hardware, using specialized ASICs. STP is implemented in software and is thus reliant upon the speed of the CPU and other factors to converge. If the CPU is over-utilized, it is possible that BPDUs may not be sent in a timely fashion.
Page 276 Although the STP can elect a root bridge, a well-designed network will have an identifiable root for each VLAN. Careful setup of the STP parameters will lead to the selection of this best switch as the root for each VLAN. Redundant links can then be built into the network. STP is well suited to maintaining connectivity in the event of a device failure or removal, but is poorly suited to designing networks.
Page 277 VLAN and allows the removal of all redundant links by removing switch A or B from the network. Impact of Layer 3 Switching. The IP routing operational mode of the DES-3326 Layer 3 switch can accomplish the following: • Building a forwarding table, and exchanging information with its peers using routing protocols.
Page 278 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Using layer 3 switches and IP routing eliminates the need for STP port blocking because the packets are routed by destination addresses. The link redundancy remains, and relying on the routing protocols gives a faster convergence than with STP.
Page 279: Brief Review Of Bitwise Logical Operations
RIEF The logical operation compares 2 bits and if they are both “ result is “0”. The logical operation compares 2 bits and if either or both bits are the result is “0”. The logical operation compares 2 bits and if exactly one of them is a XOR (exclusive OR) otherwise the result is “1”,...
Page 280: Index
Changing your Password...93 Community Name ...26 Configuration ...95, 194 Connecting to the Switch VT100-compatible terminal...87 Connections Switch to End Node ...22 Switch to Hub or Switch...22 console ...87 Console ...21 console port...11, 18 Console port (RS-232 DCE) ...24 Console port settings ...24 Console Timeout ...101...
Page 281 Saving Changes...91, 186 Screen Hierarchy...107, 190 security...26 Setting an IP Address...187 Setting the Administrator Password...188 Setting Trap Destinations...188 Setting Up The Switch ...95, 193 Setting Up Web Management ...187 Setup ...15 Single Coll ...167, 246 SLIP management ...101, 200 Spanning Tree Algorithm...13 Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) ...30...
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Page 284: Registration Card
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