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HP RPN SCIENTIFIC WP 34S Owner's Manual

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WP 34S OWNER'S MANUAL
This manual documents WP 34S. WP 34S is free software: you can
redistribute it and / or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
WP 34S is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any
warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fit-
ness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with WP 34S. If not, please see
This manual contains valuable information. It was designed
and written in the hope it will be read thoroughly by you.
For really quick and impatient users, however, there is a stand-alone
two-page
This manual may change without notice if we, the developers, modify WP 34S. We reserve the right to do so
at any time. The cover picture may stay unchanged – the document status can be seen from the last note on
last page. We recommend you watch
WP 34S Owner's Manual
Updated Edition 3.3
Troubleshooting Guide
For those who don't even read this: Sorry, we can't help you.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wp34s/develop
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
starting on page 180 of this manual.
Edition 3.1
.
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  • Page 1 WP 34S OWNER’S MANUAL Updated Edition 3.3 This manual documents WP 34S. WP 34S is free software: you can redistribute it and / or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  • Page 2 Just in Case … ... you do not have your WP 34S calculator yet: WP 34S runs on an HP-20b Business Consultant or an HP-30b Business Professional. Both are financial pocket calculators. So if one of those is sitting on your...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome! ........................ 7 Print Conventions and Common Abbreviations ............ 9 Getting Started ...................... 10 Keyboard Basics ....................11 Entering Numbers ....................15 Real Calculations ....................16 Elementary Stack Mechanics ................17 Error Recovery ....................21 Calling Commands Unseen on the Keyboard ............. 22 Addressing Objects ....................
  • Page 4 Index of Operations (IOP) ..................74 A ........................76 B ........................77 C ........................78 D ........................81 E ........................83 F ......................... 85 G ........................86 H ........................88 I .......................... 88 J ......................... 89 K ........................89 L ......................... 89 M ........................
  • Page 5 Mapping of Memory Regions to Emulator State Files ........168 Simulating a Printer on Your Computer ............168 Appendix E: Character Sets ................169 Appendix F: Corresponding Operations to the HP-42S and -16C Function Sets 172 HP-42S ......................172 HP-16C ......................178 Appendix G: Troubleshooting Guide ..............
  • Page 6 Further Commands Used in Library and XROM Routines ........ 189 Assembler Output .................... 191 Basic Electrical Hardware Specifications of the HP-20b and HP-30b ....191 Tuning the Hardware of Your WP 34S .............. 192 Appendix I: Advanced Mathematical Functions ..........198 Numbers ......................

  • Page 7: Welcome

    RPN stands for reverse Polish notation, a very effective and coherent method of calculating (see p. 15). The matrix menu of the HP-42S cannot be supported by WP 34S for hardware reasons. Your WP 34S features a set of basic matrix commands and several library routines dealing with matrices instead.
  • Page 8 We greatly appreciate all your support! We named our baby WP 34S in honor of the HP-34C from 1979, one of the most powerful compact LED pocket calculators. WP 34S is our humble approach – within the constraints of HP’s hardware –...

  • Page 9: Print Conventions And Common Abbreviations

    Print Conventions and Common Abbreviations  Throughout this manual, standard font is Arial. Emphasis is added by underlining or bold printing. Specific terms, titles, trademarks, names or abbreviations are printed in italics, hyperlinks in blue underlined italics. Bold italic letters such as n are used for variables; constant sample values (e.g.

  • Page 10: Getting Started

    Beginners Guide, recently written by one of our users: http://sourceforge.net/projects/wp34s/files/doc/WP_34S_Beg_Guide.pdf Most traditional commands on your WP 34S will work as they did on the HP-42S. This little manual here is meant as a supplement presenting all the new features. It contains the necessary information about them, including equations and technical explanations;...

  • Page 11: Keyboard Basics

      To adjust display contrast, hold down .ON. while you press Look at the keyboard of an HP-42S comparison. The most striking differ- ence to it is the colorful surface of your WP 34S. You get five functions per key on average.
  • Page 12    , and allow for easily accessing a multiple of the 37 primary functions this hardware can take. The active prefix is indicated by ⓕ, ⓖ, or ⓗ top left in the display for    visual feedback, if applicable. You may hold down , or if you want to call several functions in sequence showing the same color.
  • Page 13  As you have found on the keyboard next to two other labels showing arrows as well, the labels on your WP 34S are generally grouped according to their purposes. Generally, functions and their inverses – if existent – are placed next to each other. If a function is ...
  • Page 14   calls in all numeric modes. (calling COMB and PERM here)    work like on an HP-15C. calls CORR, calls ABS, and calls ROUND.   9. There are three toggles: for radix marks, for programming (like on an ...

  • Page 15: Entering Numbers

    Hewlett-Packard calculators beginning with their very first, the HP-9100A of 1968. Be assured that almost every calculation described there for any scientific calculator can be done significantly faster on your WP 34S – and often even in a more elegant way.

  • Page 16: Real Calculations

    Real Calculations Most of the commands your WP 34S features are mathematical operations or functions  taking and returning real numbers such as 1 or -2.34 or or 5.6E-7. Note that integer numbers such as 3, 10, or -1 are just a subset of real numbers. Many real number functions provided operate on one number only.

  • Page 17: Elementary Stack Mechanics

     Learn more about the registers provided by your WP 34S in next chapter. This is the classic way ENTER worked from the HP-35 of 1972 until the HP-42S ceased in 1995. It is often said ENTER ‘pushes on the stack’. In doing so, the higher stack contents are lifted out of the way before.
  • Page 18 Note the result of the first parenthesis was lifted automatically (A) to to avoid overwriting it when the next number was keyed in step 1 of this row. This is called automatic stack lift and is standard in RPN calculators. And after having solved the second parenthesis in step 4 of row 2, we had the results of both upper parentheses on the stack –...
  • Page 19 Debt calculations are significantly more complicated – so avoid debts whenever possible! In the long run, it is better for you and the economy. Nevertheless, you can cope with those calculations using your WP 34S as well (see further below). There are also a few three-number real functions featured by your WP 34S (e.g.
  • Page 20 Stack contents after executing … … functions of Assumed stack contents … the stack register operations … one … two at the number numbers beginning: ENTER FILL DROP xy R R LASTx such as x such as / t = 44.4 33.3 11.1 44.4...

  • Page 21: Error Recovery

    Even solving this formula requires only four stack levels as indicated by the colors above. Note there are no pending operations – each operation is executed individually, one at a time, allowing perfect control of each and every intermediate result. That is another characteristic advantage of RPN.

  • Page 22: Calling Commands Unseen On The Keyboard

     An erroneous may be undone the same way: older stuff older stuff older stuff older stuff older stuff old stuff old stuff old stuff older stuff older stuff old stuff old stuff Input     Oops! … but where do we find ...
  • Page 23 Example: Assume you want to learn about DECOMP – it was mentioned on p. 19. You return to the Table of Contents above, look for the Index of Operations, jump directly to the letter D therein, and look up DECOMP to get the necessary information where it lives and what it does.

  • Page 24: Addressing Objects

    K = 111 display. The system sets flags B (‘big’) and C in integer modes (see p. 52ff) … like the overflow and carry bits of the HP-16C – some integer operations also T = R103 .00 = 112 read flag C. Flag D allows for special (i.e. infinite or non-numeric ‘NaN’) …...

  • Page 25: The Virtual Keyboard For Addressing - Transient Alpha Mode (Α T )

    The Virtual Keyboard for Addressing – Transient Alpha Mode (α During input processing in memory addressing, e.g. while entering parameters for storing, recalling, swapping, copying, clearing, or comparing, you will need far less than the 168 labels presented on the keyboard. Just 34 keyboard labels will do instead. The calculator mode supporting exactly these 34 labels (and no more) is called transient alpha mode.

  • Page 26: Addressing Real Numbers

    Addressing Real Numbers 1 User   x< ? x≤ ? x≈ ? x≥ ? x> ?  , or input  Echo OP _ ? (with mode set),  e.g. x>_? 2 User   Stack level or  ...
  • Page 27        1 User RCLS STOS y⇆ z⇆ t⇆ input       DISP BASE , bit or flag commands, etc.  Echo RCL _ OP _ (with mode set), e.g.  2 User Stack level or lettered Register or flag number...

  • Page 28: Real Matrices And Vectors

    Real Matrices and Vectors Numbers arranged in table-like grids are called matrices by mathematicians. If you do not know of matrices yet, feel free to set them aside – you can use your WP 34S perfectly without them. If you know of matrices, however, note your WP 34S features a set of operations for adding, multiplying, inverting and transposing matrices, as well as for manipulating rows in such matrices.

  • Page 29: Complex Calculations

    , then f will operate on x, y, z The HP-42S supported a special data type for complex numbers. This is not viable using the hardware of the HP-30b, however. See Appendix F for the reasons. WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1...
  • Page 30 Where one-number real functions replace by the result f( ) , one-argument complex functions replace by the real part and by the imaginary part of the complex result ) . Higher stack levels remain unchanged. Such functions are e.g. 1/x, ABS, FP, C 2 C √...
  • Page 31 Calculating with complex numbers uses two registers or stack levels for each such number as explained above and shown here: Stack contents after executing … … complex functions of Assumed stack contents … the complex stack register operations … one …...
  • Page 32  1 / x √x After pressing your WP 34S allows for the complex operations shown on this virtual –1 –1 –1 –1   keyboard (but STOPW represents an applica- R tion in real domain, see R VIEW  ...

  • Page 33: Addressing Complex Numbers

    Addressing Complex Numbers   1 User input Echo OP _  (with mode set)  e.g. ©x=_? 2 User   Stack level or    input lettered register opens indirect  leaves mode     ...
  • Page 34 1 User    , or input Echo OP _  (with mode set)  e.g. ©RCL _ 2 User Stack level or lettered Register number  input register  …  opens indirect addressing,     ...

  • Page 35: Your Wp 34S In Various Operating Modes

    YOUR WP 34S IN VARIOUS OPERATING MODES The Display The LCD is your window to your WP 34S – there you see what is going on and what the results are. This display sports a total of 400 elements in three sections: numeric, dot matrix and fixed symbols.

  • Page 36: Recognizing Calculator Modes

    Recognizing Calculator Modes The annunciators or specific characters either in the dot matrix or in the exponent section indicate most modes and system states: Indicator Set by Cleared by Explanation, remarks à Lower case letters will be entered   ...
  • Page 37 The indicators following below are all lit in the dot matrix exclusively: Indicator Set by Cleared by Explanation, remarks Transient signal of prefix pend-  © see p. © ing. will be lit together with See p. 29. complex result else Appendix DBLON...

  • Page 38: Common Commands Returning Specific Displays: Status, Vers, Err, Etc

    Common Commands Returning Specific Displays: STATUS, VERS, ERR, etc. Some common commands use the LCD in a special way. The respective operations are listed below. Three of them (and more mentioned further below) present temporary messages as defined here: Whenever anything different from the actual contents of in current mode is displayed or any additional information is shown in the dot matrix, these extra data are considered being a temporary message.

  • Page 39: Floating Point Modes - 1: Introduction And Localisation

    Looks like an even score in this matter. Thus, the international standard ISO 31-0 allows either a decimal point or a comma as radix mark, and requires a narrow blank as separator of digit groups to avoid misunderstandings. The numeric display hardware of HP-20b or HP-30b, however, does not allow for narrow blanks.

  • Page 40: Floating Point Modes - 2: Displaying Decimal Numbers, Fractions, Times, Etc

    Floating Point Modes – 2: Displaying Decimal Numbers, Fractions, Times, etc. find nearly functions for floating point format control allocated to the top two rows of keys on your WP 34S. 1. For floating point decimal numbers, startup default allows displaying all digits as long as they fit the display width;...
  • Page 41 3.100 627 668 …∙ 10 3. Fraction mode works similarly to the one in the HP-35S or the HP-32SII. In particular, DENMAX sets the maximum allowable denominator (see the IOP). Display will look like in the examples below – fractions are adjusted to the left. If the fraction is exactly equal, slightly less, or greater than the floating point number converted, =, Lt, or Gt is indicated in the exponent, respectively.
  • Page 42 This display of an integer number tells you unambiguously your WP 34S is in proper fraction mode. For as ½ – but this is not consistent with its other input  comparison, note the HP-32SII reads interpretations in fraction mode. WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1...
  • Page 43 5. For fitting measured and accumulated data points with a regression curve, four mathematical models are provided as in the HP-42S. See the commands EXPF, LINF, LOGF, and POWERF in the IOP. The command BESTF will set your WP 34S to select the model resulting in the greatest absolute correlation coefficient (see CORR).
  • Page 44   6. In H.MS display mode, entered via , decimal numbers are converted and displayed in a format hhhh°mm'ss.dd" with the number of hours degrees limited to 9,000. This temporary message may look like for RDX. or for RDX, . angular seconds For decimal times less than 5 or 0.005...

  • Page 45: Floating Point Modes - 3: Real Statistical Calculations

    Floating Point Modes – 3: Real Statistical Calculations   Besides the basic functions , you will find a lot of statistical commands embedded in your WP 34S, going far beyond the Gaussian distribution. They are all concentrated in the light green frame shown in the picture. Many preprogrammed operations are implemented in your WP 34S for the first time ever in an RPN calculator –...
  • Page 46 – typically  shortcut counted or measured values – as on the HP-42S etc.; weighted data require the weight in , pairs of data or coordinates of data points must be provided in as usual.
  • Page 47  Regarding the analysis functions featured, you find the arithmetic mean and standard   deviation handy on the keyboard, as well as a forecasting function and the  correlation coefficient (see CORR) for four different regression models (linear, exponential, logarithmic, and power – see the commands LINF, EXPF, LOGF, and POWERF).
  • Page 48 By knowing these pin diameters are from a Gaussian process, you get the best estimates for the mean and standard deviation of your batch by pressing 12. 3 52 and  0. 0 09 .  We stored these two values in preparation for the next step already.
  • Page 49  Do you want both upper and lower limits confining the mean pin diameter of that batch? Take 0.025 and 0.975 as the arguments in two subsequent calculations using the qf to get both limits below and above the sample result. Example (continued, assuming loaded in the step before):...
  • Page 50 1. Let your WP 34S compute and the standard error for both samples, then   their normalized distance . Assume you are working with four  stack levels still, this calculation could look like the following:  ↕ SERR ...
  • Page 51 We strongly recommend you turn to a good statistics textbook for more information about statistical methods in general, the terminology used, and the mathematical models provided. WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1 Page 51 of 211...

  • Page 52: Integer Modes - 1: Introduction And Virtual Keyboard

    – in input, output, and calculations. This is useful e.g. for computer logic and system programming – typical applications of an HP-16C. Your WP 34S contains all the functions of the HP-16C and more, and it allows for integer computing in fifteen bases from binary to hexadecimal (see overleaf).

  • Page 53: Integer Modes - 2: Displaying Integer Numbers

    So in base 12, the exponent section may well look like -2co . Generally, carry and overflow behave like they do in the HP-16C. Note that they are flags – if you want to set, clear, or check them individually, use the flag commands of your WP 34S.
  • Page 54 BASE 16, and enter 93A14B6. Then your WP 34S will display: with or This is clearly stated also in the HP-16C Computer Scientist Owner’s Handbook of April 1982 on page 30. Unfortunately, however, they did not stick to this. This takes into account that bases 2, 4, 8, and 16 are most convenient for bit and byte manipulations and further close-to-hardware applications.
  • Page 55 without separators selected (see SEPON and SEPOFF). This number will need digits binary representation, being 1001.0011.1010.0001.0100.1011.0110. Now return to SEPON and choose BASE 2, then the twelve least significant digits will be displayed initially: They show up together with an indication '''| that there are four display windows in total with the rightmost shown.

  • Page 56: Integer Modes - 3: Bitwise Operations

    WSIZE 8, LZON on your WP 34S. For seven functions, you will find the schematic pictures in the table below as they are printed on the backplate of the HP-16C. The ‘C’ in a box stands for the carry bit there.
  • Page 57 Note the picture for ASR correctly describes this operation for 1’s and 2’s complement modes only. In all modes of the HP-16C, however, ASR 3 equals a signed division by 2 hence the different results for the latter two modes shown above. The other bitwise operations are insensitive to complement mode setting.

  • Page 58: Integer Modes - 4: Integer Arithmetic

    Integer Modes – 4: Integer Arithmetic Of the four basic arithmetic operations ( +, -, ×, and / ), the first three work in integer modes as they do in DECM, but with up to 64 digits precision in binary mode. Look at +/- like a multiplication times -1, and at y like a repeated multiplication.
  • Page 59 Furthermore, the exponential and logarithmic operations, COMB and PERM work in integer modes, too. Beyond these keyboard functions and those operations mentioned further above, there are more in the catalog X.FCN such as ×MOD and ^MOD. See the for further information about them. Finally, there are conditions where overflow or carry will be touched in integer arithmetic.
  • Page 60 With this, , and , the general rules for setting and clearing carry and overflow are as follows: Operation Effect on carry Effect on overflow Sets o if the result would exceed +, RCL+, STO+, Sets c if there is a carry out of the ], else clears o.

  • Page 61: Full Alpha Mode - 1: Introduction And Virtual Keyboard

    Full Alpha Mode – 1: Introduction and Virtual Keyboard  Alpha mode is typically entered via (see p. 36). It is designed for text entry, e.g. for entering prompts and answers. In this mode, the alpha register is displayed in the upper part of the LCD.
  • Page 62 Looking at the standard labels on the keyboard, we can safely offer you even more in this mode: All labels printed on dark blue background in the virtual keyboard below append characters to alpha as well. They are related to the labels printed on your WP 34S ...
  • Page 63 The labels underlined in red call alpha catalogs. Labels underlined in green and labels shown between heavier white key contours do not append characters directly – all other alpha labels do. If you print this virtual keyboard in the size as given below, attach it to the back of...

  • Page 64: Full Alpha Mode - 2: Displaying Text

    Full Alpha Mode – 2: Displaying Text Your WP 34S features a large and a small alphanumeric font for display. Both are based on fonts by Luiz Viera (Brazil) as distributed in 2004. Some letters were added and some modified for better legibility, also given that the dot matrix of your display is only six pixels high.
  • Page 65 Note alpha can take up to 30 characters. And your WP 34S features a rich set of special letters and further characters, supporting at least 37 languages. So you may easily store an actual Greek message like this, for example: ...

  • Page 66: Programming Your Wp 34S

    PROGRAMMING YOUR WP 34S Your WP 34S is a keystroke-programmable calculator. If this statement makes you smile with delight, this section is for you. Else please turn to the HP-42S Owner’s Manual first for an introduction into keystroke-programming for solving repetitive tasks.

  • Page 67: Labels

    END (so the search will stay in the current routine). This is the search procedure for local labels. It is as known from the HP-41C. 2. If, however, lbl is an alpha label of up to three characters of arbitrary case (auto- matically enclosed in ‘...
  • Page 68 Addressing Labels 1 User    LBL?     αGTO αXEQ     , or , or input OP _ Echo XEQ label GTO _ XEQ C e.g. e.g. 2 User     ...

  • Page 69: Local Data

    Local Data After some time with your WP 34S you will have a number of routines stored, so keeping track of their resource requirements may become a challenge. Most modern programming languages take care of this by declaring local variables, i.e. memory space allocated from general data memory and accessible for the current routine only –...
  • Page 70  Take VIEW, VIEWα, or VWα+ for plain display updates. X is a valid parameter for VIEW and VWα+. Note that frequent updates will slow down program execution, since the anti-flicker logic waits for a complete display refresh cycle before allowing the next update.

  • Page 71: Keyboard Codes And Direct Keyboard Access

    LBL 01 Compute the new number for missing numeric user input. LBL B  Called if user input after step 006 was terminated by This is the way the TVM application is implemented. If there is more than one program using labels A to D in RAM or FM, you must move the program counter (PC) into the desired program and stop there –...

  • Page 72: Flash Memory (Fm) And Xrom

    input. Since KEY? acts as a test as well, a typical user input loop may well look like this example: LBL 'USR' CLα Sets up a message … α 'KEY' α ? LBL 00 … and displays it. VIEWα PSE 99 Waits 9.9 s for user input unless a key is pressed.
  • Page 73 For you, it makes no difference whether a preprogrammed WP 34S routine executes in ROM or XROM. The XROM routines, however, are easy to read and understand for users knowing HP keystroke programming – http://wp34s.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/wp34s/trunk/xrom/...

  • Page 74: Index Of Operations (Iop)

    Generally, functions and keystroke-programming will work as on the HP-42S, bit and integer functions as on the HP-16C, unless specified otherwise. There are also functions inspired by other vintage calculators as mentioned in the index. Their manuals may contain helpful additional information about those traditional commands.
  • Page 75 For the following three examples, assume contains 15.67 (i.e. = 15.67) generally.  n represents an arbitrary integer number which must be keyed in directly, while n represents such a number which may be specified indirectly via a register as well (as shown in the tables on pp.
  • Page 76      10 / Integer (2) Works bitwise as in the HP-16C. See p. 56.  (2) Works like AND in the HP-28S, i.e. DECM interpreted before executing this operation. Zero is ‘false’, any other real number is ‘true’.
  • Page 77 100   Integer (0) Tests the specified bit in (0) Selects the best curve fit model, maximizing  BestF  BestF the correlation like BEST does in the HP-42S. WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1 Page 77 of 211...
  • Page 78 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information)   Binom (1) Binomial distribution with the number of Binom successes g in , the probability of a success p and the sample size n in .
  • Page 79  INPUT ¬ Clears register only, disabling stack lift as usual.  INPUT (0) Clears the alpha register like CLA does in the  HP-42S.  CLα  INPUT ¬ (0) Clears the summation registers and releases CLΣ  DECM the memory allocated for them.
  • Page 80 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) (0) Checks for convergence by comparing as determined by the lowest five bits of a) The very lowest two bits set the tolerance limit: –14 0 = 10 –24 1 = 10 –32...
  • Page 81 D.MY, M.DY, and Y.MD. In addition, DATE shows  DATE  DATE DECM the day of week in the dot matrix. The function DATE of the HP-12C corresponds to DAYS+ in your WP 34S (see below). (-2) Assumes containing a date in the format   DATE→...
  • Page 82 (0) Sets fixed denominator format, i.e. the one and  DENFIX  DENFIX only denominator allowed is the value set by DENMAX. (0) Works like /c in the HP-35S, but the maximum  denominator settable is 9,999. It will be set to this DENMAX  DENMAX value if <...
  • Page 83    INPUT ¬ thereafter. Does not load even for target address . Known from the HP-16C.  D.MY  D.MY (0) Sets the format for date display. (1) Takes as a date in the format set and con- ...
  • Page 84 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) (0) Checks the entry flag. This internal flag is set if:  any character is entered in alpha mode, or  ENTRY?  INPUT ¬ ENTRY?  any command is accepted for entry (be it via ...
  • Page 85 (1) Returns the fractional part of   INPUT ¬ (0) Tests for having a nonzero fractional part. (0) Sets fraction mode like in the HP-35S, but  FRACT  FRACT keeps the format as set by PROFRC or IMPFRC. ...
  • Page 86 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) Returns the first derivative of the function f( ) at position . This f( ) must be specified in a routine label starting with LBL . On return, , and will be cleared and the position x will be in f’(x)
  • Page 87 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information)  Geom  (1) Geometric distribution: The cdf returns the Geom probability for a first success after m = Bernoulli experiments. The probability p for a success in ...
  • Page 88 (0) Increments by 1, skipping next program line if     INPUT ¬ then . Does not load even for target address . Known from the HP-16C. WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1 Page 88 of 211...
  • Page 89 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 79 for general information) Returns regularized (incomplete) beta  DECM function. See Appendix I for details. (0) These two commands reflect different dates the ...
  • Page 90    LinF   (-1) Left justifies a bit pattern within its word size as in the HP-16C: The stack will lift, placing the left- justified word in and the count (number of bit-   Integer shifts necessary to left justify the word) in...
  • Page 91 DECM complex base   LZOFF LZOFF (0) Toggles leading zeros like flag 3 does in the HP-16C. Relevant in bases 2, 4, 8, and 16 only.  LZON  LZON WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1 Page 91 of 211...
  • Page 92  MANT  MANT DECM displayed . Compare EXPT. (-1) Work like MASKL and MASKR on the HP-16C,  but with the mask length (or its address) following MASKL MASKL  the command instead of taken from . Thus, the mask is pushed on the stack.
  • Page 93 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) (0) Takes a matrix descriptor and two row numbers . It swaps the contents of rows  MROW⇆ MROW DECM  in (X). The stack remains unchanged. M.ROW...
  • Page 94  INPUT ¬   INPUT ¬ (2) Works in analogy to AND. See there. You may find NEIGHB useful investigating numeric stability. See NEIGHBOR in the HP-71 Math Pac. WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1 Page 94 of 211...
  • Page 95 σ in with µ in –1  Norml⁸  Norml Integer (1) Inverts bit-wise as on the HP-16C.  ≠ 0 . DECM (1) Returns 1 for = 0 , and 0 for (1) Takes a matrix descriptor and returns the ...
  • Page 96 The method is believed to work for integers up to 9∙10  DECM Catalog. See p. 125. (1) Sets fraction mode like in the HP-35S, allowing only proper fractions or mixed numbers in display. according to the settings by DEN… into Converts ...
  • Page 97  RAD→ RAD DECM angular mode currently set. (-1) Returns a random number between 0 and 1 DECM like RAN does in the HP-42S.  RAN# Integer (-1) Returns a random bit pattern for the word size set.  ...
  • Page 98 D.MY, LinF, LocR 0, LZOFF, PROFRC, RDX., REGS 100, SCIOVR, SEPON, SSIZE4, TSON, WSIZE 64, YDOFF and finally DECM. See these commands for more. Not programmable. (-1) Right justifies, in analogy to LJ on the HP-16C.   Integer Example: 101100...
  • Page 99 ½ rounds to 1. (1) Works like consecutive RRs / RRCs on the   HP-16C, similar to RRn / RRCn there. For RR, Integer 0 ≤ ≤ 63 . For RRC, 0 ≤ ≤ 64 . RR 0 / RRC 0 ...
  • Page 100 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) sss.nnddd (0) Interprets in the form . Takes nn registers starting with address sss and copies their contents to ddd etc. If nn = 00 , it will take the maximum available.
  • Page 101 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information)   (1) Shifts digits left (right) by decimal positions, DECM equivalent to multiplying (dividing) by 10   Compare SL and SR for integers.  SEED ...
  • Page 102 ≤ (1) Works like 63) consecutive SLs on the   Integer HP-16C. SL 0 executes as NOP, but loads . See for more. (0) Sets the processor speed to ‘slow’. This is also  SLOW ...
  • Page 103 ¬ (0) True if ≤ (1) Works like 63) consecutive SRs on the   Integer HP-16C. SR 0 executes as NOP, but loads . See for more. (-1) Assumes the source contains SP data and  sRCL  INPUT sRCL ¬...
  • Page 104 (0) Stops program execution. May be used to wait  STOP for input, for example. Stopwatch application based on the real time clock  and following the timer of the HP-55. See p. for a detailed description. STOPW DECM ATTENTION: This command will be part of the ...
  • Page 105 (1) Student’s t distribution. The degrees of freedom –1  tᵤ(x)  are stored in (x) equals Q(t) and t DECM equals t in the HP-21S. See p. for an   t(x) t(x) application example and Appendix I for more mathematical details.
  • Page 106 , with b in and T in –1  Weibl⁸  Weibl (0) Works almost like on the HP-16C, but with the 1 ≤ ≤ 64 parameter trailing the command All (but instead of taken from . Reducing the word size...
  • Page 107 Integer (1) Returns the factorial (0) Interprets as a character code. Appends the   x→α  x  alpha respective character to , similar to XTOA in the HP-42S. WP 34S Owner’s Manual Edition 3.1 Page 107 of 211...
  • Page 108 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information)  Swaps , in analogy to . See p.    INPUT ¬  . Will be listed like x⇆ J, x⇆.12, x⇆→12, etc. Swaps the stack contents , performing ...
  • Page 109  αIP to AIP in the HP-42S. Note alpha group mode is left automatically after three characters are put in, so it must be called again for continuation. Some characters must not be entered at third position (see Appendix E).
  • Page 110 3 letters to MONTH αMONTH  alpha   αOFF  (0) Work like AOFF and AON in the HP-42S, INPUT ¬ turning alpha mode off and on.    αON  ...
  • Page 111 (-1) Returns the character code of the leftmost     x α→x alpha character in and removes this character from alpha , like ATOX in the HP-42S. β           (2) Returns Euler’s Beta with ...
  • Page 112 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) (1) Computes a product using the routine specified. Initially, contains the loop control number in the cccccc.fffii format , and the product is set to 1. Each run through the routine specified by Π...

  • Page 113: The Rest

    φ (1) Standard normal error probability, equaling Q Φ   Φᵤ(x) DECM in the HP-32E and Q(z) in the HP-21S. φ  φ(x)  DECM (1) Standard normal pdf. Appendix I the formula. Φ Φ...
  • Page 114 (1) Works like DEG, but converts to DECM grad hours degrees (1) Takes in the format hhhh.mmssdd as in vintage HP calculators and H  DECM converts it to a decimal time or angle, allowing for using standard arithmetic operations then. (1) Takes as decimal...
  • Page 115   (2) Returns the margin in % for a   DECM price and cost , like %MU-Price in the HP-17B. (3) Returns the mean rate of return in percent per       ...
  • Page 116 Integrates the function given in the routine specified. Lower and upper integration limits must be supplied in , respectively. Otherwise, ∫ the user interface is as in the HP-15C.  label DECM Please turn to the HP-15C Owner’s Handbook (Section 14 and Appendix E) for more information about automatic integration and some caveats.
  • Page 117 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) (0) Prints the register specified and the next one, i.e. prints an entire complex number. A semicolon will separate both components. Works like ⎙r otherwise. ⎙  ⎙©rₓᵧ...
  • Page 118 Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information) (0) Positions the print head to print column (0 to 165, where > 127 can only be specified  indirectly). Useful for formatting (in ⎙MODE 1 or 2 ⎙TAB INPUT ¬...

  • Page 119: Nonprogrammable Control, Clearing And Information Keys

    Name Keys to press in modes Remarks (see p. 74 for general information)  Works like # but also clears . The shortcut works  DECM only for 1 ≤ n ≤ 9 .   Nonprogrammable Control, Clearing and Information Keys Besides the commands CLALL, CLPALL, GTO., LOAD, LOADP, PSTO, RESET, and SAVE, the following keystrokes cannot be programmed under the conditions stated: Key(s) pressed...
  • Page 120 Key(s) pressed in modes Remarks Clears the temporary message displayed (see p. 38) returning to ¬ the calculator state as was before that message was thrown. Answers the question Sure? with N for ‘no’. Any other response Asking for for ‘no’ will be ignored. ...
  • Page 121 Deletes the rightmost character in Deletes current program step. Else Calls the programmable command CLx described in the IOP. Shifts the display window to the left / right like in the HP-16C. Integer Helpful while working with small bases. See p. 53. ...
  • Page 122  the beginning/end of string. Useful for longer strings. Acts like the command BST / SST in the HP-42S. I.e. browses   programs in programming mode, where will repeat with .

  • Page 123: Alphanumeric Input

    Alphanumeric Input Character Keys to press in modes Remarks ␣ INPUT  Appends a blank space to alpha Separates degrees hours from minutes hhhh.mmssdd seconds , so input format is . The  ° DECM user has to take care where an arbitrary real number represents such an angle or time.
  • Page 124 Character Keys to press in modes Remarks  A second in input turns to fraction mode and is interpreted as explained below. Note you cannot DECM twice – but you may   enter after you entered  Second delete the second dot while editing the input line. ...

  • Page 125: Catalogs And Browsers

    CATALOGS AND BROWSERS Due to the large set of operations your WP 34S features, most of them are stored in catalogs as was discussed from p. on. Numeric constants (in CONST and CONV) or characters (in the alpha catalogs) are other items contained in catalogs. Opening a catalog on your WP 34S will set alpha mode to allow for typing the first character(s) of the item wanted for rapidly accessing it.
  • Page 126 There are also three browsers featured for checking memory, flags, program labels and    registers (i.e. , and ). They may be called in all modes except alpha.      Therein, work as in catalogs. operate in mode, ...
  • Page 127 Keys to press Contents and special remarks  Displays the memory status and browses all user flags, similar to STATUS on the HP-16C. It shows the amount of free memory words in RAM and FM first, e.g.:  Press and read if there are summation registers used, plus the number of global numbered registers and local registers allocated: ...
  • Page 128 Keys to in modes Contents and special remarks press Constants like in the HP-35s, but more. See them listed on p. 134ff. DECM & While browsing this catalog, the values of the constants are displayed. ¬ Picking a constant will recall it.
  • Page 129 Keys to in modes Contents and special remarks press DECM Extra real functions. These three catalogs are  Integer Extra integer functions. merged in mode ease programming. INPUT Extra alpha functions.  DECM Extra complex functions.   INPUT Punctuation marks and text symbols (see p. 132). ...

  • Page 130: Catalog Contents In Detail

    Catalog Contents in Detail     nΣ BACK Σln    BASE? L.R. Σln Binom CASE SEED CNVG? Σlnx Binom LINEQS 1COMPL CFALL SERR DBL? Σlnxy Binom SERR MROW+× CLALL ENTRY? –1 Σlny MROW× 2COMPL Binom CLPALL EVEN? Σx MROW...
  • Page 131  It contains in …  varies with the mode set, except in programming.  … alpha … decimal mode: … integer modes: mode: √x √x √x VERS ROUNDI  –1 x ANGLE LN1+x BATT CNST   DATE BATT XNOR CONJ ...
  • Page 132 À à Here are the contents of the alpha catalogs. Small À À à à Á á font is printed on light grey background on this page. Á Á á á   The catalog is listed left. Use to toggle Â...

  • Page 133: Accessing Catalog Items The Fast Way

    Accessing Catalog Items the Fast Way   You can browse each and every catalog just using the cursors as explained on p. 125. You may reach your target significantly faster, however, taking advantage of the alphabetical method demonstrated in the left columns of the table below: ...

  • Page 134: Constants (Const)

    Constants (CONST) Your WP 34S contains a rich catalog of constants. Navigation therein works as explained above. Names of astronomical and mathematical constants are printed on colored background below. Values of physical constants (including their relative standard deviations given in parentheses below) are from CODATA 2010, copied in July 2011, unless stated otherwise.
  • Page 135 Numeric value Remarks    Electron charge 1.602 176 565E-19 (2.2E-8) Euler’s . Note the letter represents the electron 2.718 281 828 459 045… charge elsewhere in this table.   Faraday’s constant 96 485.336 5 (2.2E-8) Fα 2.502 907 875 095 892 8... ...
  • Page 136 Numeric value Remarks     Planck mass 2.176 51E-8 (6.0E-5) 1.660 538 921E-27 Atomic mass unit = 10 kg / N (4.4E-8) 1.492 417 954E-10 Energy equivalent of atomic mass unit (4.4E-8) 1.883 531 475E-28 Muon mass (5.1E-8) µ...
  • Page 137 Numeric value Remarks 6.694 379 990 14E-3 First eccentricity squared of WGS84 (1.5E-12) Second eccentricity squared of WGS84 (it is really Se’ 6.739 496 742 28E-3 (1.5E-12) called e’ in that article, sorry) –1 298.257 223 563 Flattening parameter of WGS84 (per definition) 273.15...
  • Page 138 Numeric value Remarks µ -9.662 364 7E-27 (2.4E-7) Neutron magnetic moment µ 1.410 606 743E-26 (2.4E-8) Proton magnetic moment    Nuclear magneton µ 5.050 783 53E-27 (2.2E-8) µ -4.490 448 07E-26 (3.4E-8) Muon magnetic moment µ   σ...

  • Page 139: Unit Conversions (Conv)

    Unit Conversions (CONV) CONV mainly provides the means to convert local to common units. Navigation works as   in the other catalogs. There is one specialty, however: (i.e. ) will execute the inverse of the conversion displayed and leave CONV. Example: Assume the display set to FIX 3.
  • Page 140 Mass g→tr.oz / 31.103 5 Area ha→acres / 0.404 686 = 10000 m Based on the U.S. Survey foot Area ha→acreUS / 0.404 687 hp(E)→W Electric horsepower * 746 Power hp(I)→W British horsepower Power 745.700 hp(M)→W Power Metric horsepower 735.499 * 2.54...
  • Page 141 Conversion Calculation Remarks Class Energy J→Btu / 1 055.06 / 4.186 8 Energy J→cal / 3.6E6 Energy J→kWh (Long) hundredweight = 112 Mass kg→cwt / 50.802 4 kg→lb / 0.453 592 Mass Mass kg→stones / 6.350 29 Short hundredweight = 100 Mass kg→s.cwt / 45.359 2...
  • Page 142 Conversion Calculation Remarks Class * 1.852 Nautical miles Length nmi→km Force N→lbf / 4.448 22 Ounces Mass oz→g * 28.349 5 / 1.013 25E5 Pressure Pa→atm / 1E5 Pa→bar Pressure Pressure Pa→inHg / 3 386.39 Pressure Pa→mmHg / 133.322 Papsi Pressure / 6 894.76 Pressure...

  • Page 143: Predefined Global Alpha Labels (Cat)

    Conversion Calculation Remarks Class / 746 Power W→hp(E) Power W→hp(I) / 745.700 Power W→hp(M) * 735.499 * 0.914 4 Length yards→m The constant T may be useful for conversions of temperatures, too; it is found in CONST and is not repeated here because it is only added or subtracted.
  • Page 144 The library files are also included in the distribution ZIP file in source form (*.wp34s) as well as in a precompiled library (wp34s-lib.dat – some 3 ) which is part of the firmware files calc_full.bin, calc_xtal_full.bin, and calc_ir_full.bin – so you get the full library when you load one of these firmware files into your WP 34S (see Appendix A about how to do this).

  • Page 145: The Stopwatch Application

    Attempts to specify a CRA beyond the allocated address range will be blocked and may cause ‘__’ or the like being displayed in the exponent section. On the HP-55, input of a single digit was sufficient for storing, since only 10 registers were featured for this purpose there. Furthermore, there was no automatic address increment.
  • Page 146 stores the present timer value in the current register at execution time in   hhh.mmssd format without changing the timer status or value. It then increments the CRA and displays it as shown above. hides or displays the CRA. Startup default is ‘hide’. ...

  • Page 147: Appendix A: Setup And Communication

    Unless you buy a WP 34S pre-flashed as explained on p. 5, you must do the flashing yourself. Then you need an unmodified HP-20b or HP-30b calculator, a special cable, a binary file to load on your computer, and software for the transmission to your calculator.
  • Page 148 If – for any reason whatsoever – you want to return to the original HP business calculator firmware, you can do so by sending the respective binary file instead of calc.bin or its siblings. An HP-30b file is hosted on our website for example –...
  • Page 149 A1. Remove the black battery door of your calculator. Connect the programming cable to the programming port of the calculator and to your computer. A2. Start MySamBa. Pick the port you use for your cable and select the file you want to transmit. The window may look like: Do not start sending yet! Just leave the window open.
  • Page 150 If you have installed the custom USB board mentioned above before transforming your HP-20b or -30b into a WP 34S, your calculator will be powered through this port while connected to your computer. The standard USB cables, however, do not feature the buttons ERASE and RESET of the custom programming cable.

  • Page 151: Overlays - Where To Get Them And How To Make Them Yourself If Required

    Overlays – Where to Get Them and How to Make Them Yourself if Required After flashing successfully, a keyboard overlay is very helpful for further work since most labels deviate from those on said business calculators. You get fine adhesive vinyl overlays from Eric Rechlin at http://commerce.hpcalc.org/overlay.php.

  • Page 152: Updating Your Wp 34S

    Updating Your WP 34S Whether you bought your WP 34S pre-flashed or did the first flashing yourself, you may want to keep it up-to-date when a new release is published or after you modified its hard- ware. We recommend you SAVE your work each time before updating (your WP 34S will show Saved when successful).

  • Page 153: I/O Overview

    I/O Overview Looking to I/O from your WP 34S calculator, this matter now appears as follows schematically: IR line WP 34S Cable HP82440A/B Computer Printer SEND…  WP 34S  ⎙…  Emulator RECV PSTO PRCL Host of SAVE LOAD... wp34s-, dat- ...

  • Page 154: Appendix B: Memory Management

    APPENDIX B: MEMORY MANAGEMENT Your WP 34S features 6 of RAM (of which 4 are volatile) and 128 of FM. The firmware takes some 90% of FM, depending on the file you loaded in flashing. The remaining, user accessible part of FM may be almost 14 Of these, 2 are reserved for the backup region corresponding to the 2...
  • Page 155 increasing their number will push it down. The memory contents are moved accordingly, thus preserving the data in the surviving registers. Contents of deallocated registers are lost; newly added registers are cleared. The lettered registers do not move. Example: See the global register sector at startup default in the following memory table.

  • Page 156: Summation Registers

    The two sectors following in lower memory (summation registers and SRS) are tied to LBG – their contents will be copied whenever LBG moves. This makes it possible to execute REGS in the middle of a subroutine without disrupting the program. Summation Registers The memory needed for cumulative statistics is allocated separately –...

  • Page 157: Making Room For Your Needs

    Calling LOCR again in the same subroutine will adjust the number of local registers. This requires data copying since these registers are allocated from low to high addresses and the SRS grows in the opposite direction. LOCR? will return the number of local registers currently allocated in the routine you are in.

  • Page 158: Addressing And Accessing Local Data, Recursive Programming

    Which solution serves you best depends on your application. You may of course combine  options. Use to monitor the free space available and the amount of global and local numbered registers allocated. Addressing and Accessing Local Data, Recursive Programming Global data take relative addresses from 0 to 111 as described on p.

  • Page 159: Switching Between Standard Real (Sp) And Integer Modes

    LBL 'FAC' Assume = 4 when you call FAC. Then it will allocate 1 local register (R.00) and store 4 therein. After decrementing , FAC will call itself. x>1? GTO 00 Then FAC will allocate 1 local register (R.00 ) and store 3 therein. After decrementing , FAC will call itself again.
  • Page 160 Thus take care with indirect addressing! Example: Start with DECM, WSIZE 64, 2COMP, 0 STO 00, 2 STO 01, 10 STO 02 as above. So RCL01 shall recall r02. Let us check. Key in:  just for verification: OK  turn to BASE 16 Out of range Error ...
  • Page 161 exponent of the number represented. The 16 digits of the significand allow for a range from 1 to almost 10 Rewarding your patience so far, we will show you some illustrative examples of the encoding in your WP 34S instead of telling you more theory: Floating point Hexadecimal value stored Bottom bits split...

  • Page 162: Appendix C: Messages And Error Codes

    APPENDIX C: MESSAGES AND ERROR CODES There are some commands generating messages, be they in the numeric or in the dot matrix section of the display. Of these, DAY, DAYS+, ERR, STATUS, VERS, and WDAY display. Others are PROMPT, αVIEW and were introduced above in the section about more alpha commands, and the test commands (see p.
  • Page 163 Error Mode(s) Explanation and examples Message code ¬α Appendix  A matrix isn't square when it should be. DECM  Matrix sizes aren't miscible. May be thrown by DATE, TIME, SETDAT, or SETTIM. See Appendix H for curing. DECM The solver did not converge. Attempt to address an undefined label.
  • Page 164 Error Mode(s) Explanation and examples Message code A statistical calculation was started based on DECM too few data points, e.g. regression or standard deviation for < 2 points. Keyboard input is too long for the buffer. Will happen e.g. if you try to enter more than 12 digits.

  • Page 165: Appendix D: The Wp 34S Emulator On Your Computer

    APPENDIX D: THE WP 34S EMULATOR ON YOUR COMPUTER For the emulator, run \trunk\windows\bin\wp34sgui.exe – it features the identical function set as your WP 34S calculator. While tactile feedback, boot speed, pocketability and battery life suffer, some things become easier, e.g. printing (see below). What else is different? Typically the emula- tor is operated by the...

  • Page 166: Data Transfer Between Your Wp 34S And Your Computer

    Data Transfer between Your WP 34S and Your Computer The emulator and the calculator can talk to each other over the cable used for flashing. Either one of the cables mentioned on p. will do, or you need a modified calculator as described here: http://www.hpmuseum.org/cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/archv020.cgi?read=186826 Remember the programming cable draws current from the batteries of your WP 34S, so...
  • Page 167 On the receiving device, enter RECV. It will display Wait..On the sender you have three alternatives: 1. SENDP will send the current program from RAM. It will display Wait... as well. After successful transmission, the sender will show OK and the receiver will display Program .

  • Page 168: Mapping Of Memory Regions To Emulator State Files

    Simulating a Printer on Your Computer For simulated printing, use Christoph Gieße- link’s HP82240B Printer Simulator, available here: http://hp.giesselink.com/h p82240b.htm Installation and use are self-explanatory. It is an autonomous application, so you have to start and exit it independently. The ‘print’...

  • Page 169: Appendix E: Character Sets

    APPENDIX E: CHARACTER SETS The following table shows the complete dot matrix character set as implemented in big and small font sorted according to the hexadecimal character codes (Unicode). Characters with are for control purposes – some of them (4, 10 codes <...
  • Page 170 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F ⁸ ⁺ ⁸ ⁺ 207x ₀ ₁ ₂ ₈...
  • Page 171 Remarks 009x ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ 00Ax For STATUS For high bits · ¸ ¹ 00Bx in BASE 2 00Cx 00Dx à á â ã ä å æ ç è é 00Ex Annunciators ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ÿ...

  • Page 172: Appendix F: Corresponding Operations To The Hp-42S And -16C Function Sets

    WP 34S. The tables below revert this in a way: the first shows the functions of the HP-42S and the corresponding ones of your WP 34S unless they carry identical names and are either both keyboard accessible or both stored in a catalog or menu.
  • Page 173  Press CLRG CLREGS CLST CLSTK  Press n/a The hardware of the HP-30b does not provide space for variables. Thus, variable-based commands (e.g. many matrix commands) cannot be featured on your WP 34S.  Press CLΣ  Press COMB ...
  • Page 174 HP-42S WP 34S Remarks n/a Not featured. Too dangerous, in our opinion. ⎙DLAY DELAY DELR n/a Matrix commands: see CLV. DIM & DIM?  Superfluous FIX, SCI, ENG, ALL, RDX., and RDX, are on the keyboard.  Press  ...
  • Page 175 HP-42S WP 34S Remarks LCLBL n/a See ASSIGN. Nevertheless, your WP 34S provides local labels as described on p. 67. LINΣ Your WP 34S always runs in ALLΣ mode. Superfluous n/a Use ⎙PROG instead. LIST  Press CF T This print mode is startup default on your WP 34S.
  • Page 176 HP-42S WP 34S Remarks PRON SF T  Press ⎙PROG ⎙STK PRSTK PRUSR n/a See CLV. ⎙r X  Press except in alpha mode. PRΣ ⎙Σ  Press PUTM n/a Matrix command: see CLV. QUIET n/a See BEEP.  Press RAN# ...
  • Page 177 HP-42S WP 34S Remarks STR? n/a See CLV. TANH  Press TONE n/a See BEEP.  n/a See ASSIGN. TRACE SF T  Press TRANS TRANSP UVEC SIGN VARMENU n/a See CLV. VIEW  Press WMEAN WRAP n/a Matrix command: see CLV.
  • Page 178 HP-16C The table for the functions of the HP-16C is sorted following their appearance on its keyboard, starting top left. As for the HP-42S, only functions carrying different names on both calculators are listed. HP-16C functions neither mentioned here nor printed on the keyboard of your WP 34S are all found in the catalog X.FCN in integer modes.
  • Page 179 HP-16C WP 34S Remarks  1COMP  2COMP In MODE. Note there is also SIGNMT. UNSIGN        x≤ ?   x< ? In TEST. Note there are more tests covered there.  x> ? ...

  • Page 180: Appendix G: Troubleshooting Guide

    APPENDIX G: TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Overcoming Troubles in Calculator Operation Symptoms Possible Cause Recommended Therapy After entering a decimal number such Inadvertently as 32.4567, the display shows entered an  Press to return to integer mode. or similar. default floating point mode. After entering a decimal number such Inadvertently as 32.4567, the display shows...
  • Page 181 Symptoms Possible Cause Recommended Therapy  After entering or alike, an unwanted decimal comma shows up. How to get the requested point? Wrong radix mark   Press set.  After entering or alike, an Alternatively, choose a suit- unwanted decimal point is displayed able regional setting from instead of a comma.

  • Page 182: Overcoming Flashing Troubles

    If you experience a strange situation not mentioned here, we recommend you check your display for annunciators as they are shown on p. 36. Overcoming Flashing Troubles Sometimes it seems the calculator just does not want to be flashed. You may have tried the procedure described in Appendix A repeatedly, but the display stubbornly stays blank.
  • Page 183 If the port is unknown, however, return to step 3.c above and try another one. Two of our early HP-20b-based calculators (without USB boards built in) developed broken serial input lines in service. These lines cannot be repaired easily. Those are the only cases we know so far a WP 34S showing a blank display became unusable since it cannot be flashed anymore.

  • Page 184: Appendix H: Additional Information For Advanced Users

    (see the description of WSIZE in the IOP). All other memory content of your WP 34S will stay as is. This differs from the implementation as known from the HP-16C, where all registers were remapped on word size changes.

  • Page 185: Commands For Advanced Users

    Bits Type Contents Decimal display mode (ALL = 0, FIX = 1, SCI = 2, ENG = 3) 22, 23 Number of decimals (4 bits for 0 … 11) 24 … 27 Clear for SCIOVR, set for ENGOVR Clear for RDX. – set for RDX, Set if TSOFF Set if SEPOFF Set if an integer mode is on...

  • Page 186: Double Precision (Dp) Calculations And Mode Switching

    a hard reset (actuating the RESET button) or a battery pull will be required! Lack of the IR diode cannot cause a system hang since it cannot be checked automatically. Note this diode may alternatively be connected using one of the small USB boards mentioned in Appendix A.
  • Page 187 Absolute Startup memory allocation After executing DBLON Then after DBLOFF address Contents Contents Contents X+11 k = 1.40E-397 R111 = K 1.40E-397 K = R111 1.40E-397 K = R111 … … … … X+10 … … … … … … …...
  • Page 188 For the following table, assume startup in BASE 10, WSIZE 32, REGS 16. Now see the contents of , and the lowest numbered registers, checked by recalling them to Starts with e.g. 3, 5 04 126, 4 41 -395 -397 -397 -397 -396...

  • Page 189: Further Commands Used In Library And Xrom Routines

    Remember not every return may be as precise as this one. And errors accumulate as explained in the footnote at CONST. ATTENTION: Rounding mode (see RM) may affect the results of DP calculations! Further Commands Used in Library and XROM Routines The operations listed below are used by the programmers of said routines.
  • Page 190 (Pseudo-) XROM Function Command or LIB XEQUSR label XROM calls the user routine containing the function to be solved, integrated, summed, or multiplied, respectively. The label of this function is transmitted as a parameter of the respective user command described above (such as e.g. SLV). XEQUSR must be followed by POPUSR immediately to restore the XROM execution state (registers, flags, return addresses) correctly.

  • Page 191: Assembler Output

    We recommend editing unassembled code and leaving the generation of label-less branches to the assembler for sake of readability, maintainability, and reliability of your routines. Basic Electrical Hardware Specifications of the HP-20b and HP-30b Power supply: (2 CR2032 coin cells)

  • Page 192: Tuning The Hardware Of Your Wp 34S

    See Alexander Oestert’s very nice instruction file at wp34s.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/wp34s/doc/How_to_install_crystal_and_IR_diode.pdf 2. Establish an IR line for printing on an HP-82240A/B by adding an IR diode and a resistor to the package after modification 1. Electrically, this part is significantly easier than the job above. There is some additional mechanical work: drilling a little hole in the plastic case, requiring a slow hand and a correct drilling bit.
  • Page 193 USB socket is needed in addition to the little hole for the IR diode. In the following, the job is described for the board as pictured above and an HP-30b, based on material provided by Alexander and Harald: a. Open your calculator (the easy part).
  • Page 194 c. Prepare the mount for the USB board. Tool needed: Small knife with a sharp thin blade. Procedure: Cut away the plastic supports of the top right screw post and of the LCD frame in that area. The bottom pic- ture shows how it shall look when you are done.
  • Page 195 f. Connect the USB board to the IR diode. Tool needed: Soldering iron (tip shall not significantly exceed the size of the smallest terminal you want to solder, < 30 recommended). Material needed: Solder. Procedure: Heat up the soldering iron. Look for a decent place where the diode may peek through the grey frame.
  • Page 196 First, however, two components must be removed from the main board: Remove LB1. Since you are going to discard it anyway, put the tip of the heated soldering iron with a bit of solder on both terminals of component LB1 and heat it up.
  • Page 197 i. Drill the hole for the IR diode. Tool needed: Drill bit matching the size of the diode, but also any other tool making decent round holes of suitable size may do (even a Swiss Army knife), if you proceed slowly. Procedure: Hold the grey frame over the mounted diode to learn the location where to drill the hole.

  • Page 198: Appendix I: Advanced Mathematical Functions

    APPENDIX I: ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS Your WP 34S contains several operations covering advanced mathematics. They are all implemented for the first time on an RPN calculator; and all work in DECM. Find those functions collected here and described in more detail than in the IOP, together with a few traditional pocket calculator functions matching the topic.

  • Page 199: Statistical Distributions

    Statistical Distributions Stack-wise, the following are all one-number functions. They are all stored in PROB. In the table below, the three discrete distributions are covered first, the continuous ones thereafter. Typical plots are shown for the pmfs or the pdfs, respectively. Name Remarks (see p.
  • Page 200 Name Remarks (see p. for general information) Poisson distribution with the number of successes g in and either the Poisson parameter λ in (for Poisλ) or the gross probability of a success p and the sample size n in . (for Poiss). In the ...
  • Page 201 Name Remarks (see p. for general information)  Exponential distribution with the rate        Expon returns See some curves plotted here.    1   Expon Expon returns Read here for more information: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/ed a/section3/eda3667.htm Fisher’s F-distribution with the degrees of...
  • Page 202 Name Remarks (see p. for general information) Logistic distribution with an arbitrary mean μ given in and a scale parameter s in Substituting      Logis returns          Logis and Logis returns ...
  • Page 203 Name Remarks (see p. for general information) T = 1 , b = 0.5 Weibull distribution with shape T = 1 , b = 1 T = 1 , b = 1.5 parameter b in and its characteristic T = 1 , b = 5 lifetime T in Weibl returns...

  • Page 204: More Statistical Formulas

    More Statistical Formulas Note that complete results of measured samples must include both an information about the expected value and about its uncertainty.  For samples drawn out of a Gaussian (additive) process, the expected value is the arithmetic mean and its uncertainty is given by its standard error (see x and SERR). ...
  • Page 205 Name Remarks (see p. for general information)         (2) For a linear fit model, the line parameters are         (see CORR above, s and s below). Their standard errors can L.R.
  • Page 206 Name Remarks (see p. for general information)      (1) The scattering factor of the geometric mean is . Compare SERR. ε (2) The scattering factor for a population of log-normally distributed data is calculated via:  ...

  • Page 207: Orthogonal Polynomials

    Orthogonal Polynomials These polynomials are all found in X.FCN. Name Remarks (see p. for general information)              (2) Hermite polynomials for probability: with n in   solving the differential equation ...

  • Page 208: Even More Mathematical Functions

    Even More Mathematical Functions Also these are all found in X.FCN. Some of them are for pure mathematics only, but were useful at some stage of the WP 34S project, so we made them accessible for the public. Name Remarks (see p. for general information) (2) Returns the arithmetic-geometric mean.
  • Page 209 Name Remarks (see p. for general information) (1) Returns Lambert’s W with its principal branch (called W here) and its negative branch (called W for minus ). The connecting point is (-1/e , -1). The diagram shows the real values of both branches. Start reading here for more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function Learn more here:...

  • Page 210: Appendix J: Release Notes

    APPENDIX J: RELEASE NOTES Date Release notes 9.12.08 Start 15.12.08 Added the table of indicators; added NAND, NOR, XNOR, RCLWS, STOWS, //, N, SERR, SIGMA, < and >; deleted HR, INPUT, 2 flag commands, and 2 conversions; extended explanations for addressing and COMPLEX &...
  • Page 211 HP-42S and HP-16C, and some hardware modifications; moved most mathematical explanations into Appendix I; modified many internal page number references to ease working with a printed manual.

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